Sort the Pavlovian conditioning phases in the correct order of acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery.
a. Light alone - pecking slowly diminishes
b. Light alone - pecking returns
c. Light + food - pecking occurs to both
d. Rest period without light or food

Answers

Answer 1

When the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly delivered without the unconditioned stimulus, response decreases, which is known as extinction.

What is Pavlovian conditioning ?

Classical conditioning is a behavioural technique in which a biologically powerful stimulus (such food) is combined with such a previously neutral stimulus. It is sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning or responder conditioning (e.g. a triangle). It also describes the process of learning that follows this pairing, where the neutral stimulus eventually learns that elicit a response (such as salivation) that is typically similar to that induced by the powerful stimulus. Operant conditioning, often known as instrumental conditioning, is a type of conditioning in which the strength of the a voluntary behaviour is altered by rewarding or punishing it. Opportunistic responses may be reinforced by classically conditioned stimuli. However, classical conditioning has a variety of effects on operant conditioning. Ivan Pavlov initially investigated classical conditioning in-depth using dog studies.

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Related Questions

Place the events of early European and Asian trade in chronological order

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The correct sequence of the events of early European and Asian trade in chronological order is

Chinese traders established strong trade routes around the world.Europeans wanted access to Chinese commodities.China demanded gold as payment form European countries.European countries plundered the Americas for gold.

"The introduction of silver coin" is one of the significant ways that the Indian/Asian trading system was changed by various expansionist European powers starting in the early 16th century, according to the historical context.

The Indian or Asian trading system was initially based on a barter system in which goods such as spices, silk, gold, and so on, were transferred between sellers and buyers. The Involvement of Europeans in the Indian or Asian Trading System After European nations like the Portuguese got involved, it was found that Asians tend to value European silver coins more than their goods.

DISCLAIMER The question is incomplete.

Place the events of early European and Asian trade in chronological order.

Chinese traders established strong trade routes around the world.China demanded gold as payment form European countries.Europeans wanted access to Chinese commodities.European countries plundered the Americas for gold.

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If any of you have ever read holes or Sean the movie pls help me answer this

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Answer:

Well he was the first boy out of all of them to be at the camp first, He is mean and kind of obnoxious at first, soon he starts being kinder. He took claim of what Stanley had found tho, because he didn't want to keep working and kinda threatened him to do so

Explanation:

educational programs for gifted children are most likely to be criticized for

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Educational programs for gifted children are most likely to be criticized for widening the achievement gap between higher- and lower-ability groups.

What is the criticism about?

Educational programs for gifted children are most likely to be criticized for being elitist or favoring certain students over others. Critics argue that these programs are not equitable because they provide opportunities to only a select group of students, often those who are already privileged or advantaged in some way.

Another criticism of educational programs for gifted children is that they can create a competitive and stressful learning environment. Some critics argue that the pressure to excel in these programs can cause anxiety and other mental health problems for students, and that it can lead to a narrow focus on academic achievement at the expense of other important skills and values.

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What is the meaning of the quote ""opinion is the medium between knowledge and ignorance""?

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The quote "opinion is the medium between knowledge and ignorance" suggests that opinions exist on a spectrum between knowledge and ignorance.

While opinions may reflect knowledge and understanding, they may also stem from a lack of information or misinformation. Thus, opinions can serve as a bridge between knowledge and ignorance, and it is important to critically examine them to discern their validity and accuracy.

The quote can also be interpreted to mean that opinions are not equivalent to knowledge, but they can help individuals move towards acquiring knowledge. It emphasizes the importance of having an open and inquisitive mind, and the need to seek out information and perspectives beyond one's own opinions.

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what is formed by workers to address poor work conditions faced by workers ?

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For workers in the industrial sector, organized labor unions fought for better pay, more flexible scheduling, and safer working conditions.

What group do workers establish to combat the awful working circumstances they experience?

Workers who band together to form unions can negotiate collectively with the proprietors of the companies they work for. Owners are bargained with by unions for improved working conditions, less hours worked, greater compensation, and shorter workweeks.

What was formed to improve working conditions?

By banding together in unions and collective groupings, workers fought against their frequently humiliating working conditions. Under Samuel Gompers' direction, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was established in 1886 specifically for skilled workers.

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Presidents day originally celebrated the birthday of which u.s. president?

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President's Day was originally celebrated to honor the birthday of George Washington, the first President of the usa. Washington's birthday falls on February 22, but the holiday is now observed at the third Monday of February every year.

Washington became a key figure in the American Revolution and helped to establish the usa as an independent country. He served as President from 1789 to 1797 and played an instrumental position in shaping the u . s .'s early government and overseas coverage.

Through the years, the holiday has come to honor all U.S. Presidents, not simply Washington. Many individuals use the holiday as an possibility to mirror on the contributions and legacies of the nation's leaders for the duration of its records.

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Name the 4 areas of jurisdiction for the federal courts.

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Cases involving the United States government, the Constitution, federal legislation, or disputes between states are all subject to federal court jurisdiction.

What does the federal court system's three-level structure look like?

The three primary types of federal courts within the federal system are the 94 District Courts (trial courts), 13 Courts of Appeals (intermediate appellate courts), and the United States Supreme Court (the court of final review).

Federal courts review disputes between two or more states, laws and treaties passed by American ambassadors and public ministers, the constitutionality of statutes, admiralty law, sometimes known as maritime law, and bankruptcy cases.

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What is no stopping sign means?

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A no stop sign is a traffic sign used to inform drivers that they are not allowed to stop their vehicle at a particular location.

This sign is  frequently used to indicate that  motorists shouldn't stop their vehicles at a specific  position,  similar as near an  crossroad or in a lane of business. The no stopping sign is  generally red and white in color, with a black symbol of a vehicle, and the words “ No Stopping ” in black, bold handwriting.

These signs are most generally used to keep business flowing and to  help  motorists from stopping in areas that could  intrude with the inflow of business. In some cases, they may be used to designate areas that are  out- limits to vehicles,  similar as near a  academy or in a designated parking area.

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what likely caused auguste comte to believe that society needed positivist guidance?

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Comte believed that the French Revolution signalled the impending transition to a new type of society, and his work aimed to address the social chaos that was brought on by it. He aimed to develop positivism, a new social theory that was founded on science.

He had a significant influence on the work of social philosophers like John Stuart Mill and George Eliot in the 19th century. Early social theorists and anthropologists like Harriet Martineau and Herbert Spencer were influenced by his concept of Sociologie and social evolutionism, which later developed into the contemporary academic sociology that Émile Durkheim presented as useful and objective social science. The pinnacle of Comte's social theories was his "Religion of Humanity"[6], which foreshadowed the rise of secular and non-theistic religious humanist movements in the 19th century. He might have even created the term altruisme (altruism).

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Why did the citizens resist the truth, even when it was in front of them?

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Citizens were in denial and could not accept the reality of what was taking place.

Citizenship through blood means a person may be eligible to become a citizen of a particular state if either one or both of their parents are residents of that state. Prior to the late 20th century, gender equality was uncommon and might only have applied through the paternal line. natal citizenship. Some individuals are automatically citizens of the country they were born in. citizenship by union. Many nations expedite naturalisation based on a person marrying a citizen. People who entered the nation legally and received a visa are typically conferred citizenship by the state.

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What are the types of Christianity in the world?

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There are three main types of Christianity in the world: Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodoxy.

Catholicism is the largest form of Christianity, with over 1.3 billion followers worldwide. It is headed by the Pope and is based in the Vatican City.

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity, with over 900 million followers worldwide. It emerged from the Reformation in the 16th century and includes denominations such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism.

Orthodoxy is the third largest form of Christianity, with over 260 million followers worldwide. It is based in the Eastern Mediterranean and includes the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church, and the Coptic Orthodox Church.

Each of these types of Christianity has their own beliefs and practices, but they all share a common faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the Savior of the world.

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What was the population of the world as of 2019?

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By the middle of 2019, the world's population had reached 7.7 billion, up one billion since 2007 and two billion since 1994.

The world's population grew at its fastest rate between 1965 and 1970, when it averaged 2.1% per year. There are approximately 7.6 billion people living in 197 countries at the moment. The world's population grows at a rate of 1.08 percent per year, which means that there are approximately 83 million more people living on our planet each year.

The United Nations estimates that the global population could reach 10 billion people by 2055, despite the fact that this growth rate is slightly lower than it was during the previous century.The term "population" is typically used to describe the total number of people living in a given area. A census is taken by governments to determine a residence's size.

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what is utility definition ?

Answers

Answer: Being useful

Explanation:

The state of being useful, profitable, or beneficial.

What does Ambit Energy do?

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Ambit Energy is a retail electricity and natural gas provider that serves both residential and commercial customers.

It was founded in 2006 and is currently available in 17 states plus Washington, DC. The company offers different electricity and natural gas plans tailored to customers' needs and budgets.

Ambit Energy
is an energy company that provides electricity and natural gas services to customers in the United States. They offer a variety of energy plans for residential and commercial customers, as well as renewable energy options. Ambit Energy also offers a rewards program for customers, which includes travel rewards and bill credits.

Additionally, the company offers the opportunity for individuals to become independent consultants and earn income by promoting Ambit Energy's services. Overall, Ambit Energy's goal is to provide affordable and reliable energy services to their customers.


To sum up, Ambit Energy is a retail electricity and natural gas provider serving residential and commercial customers in 17 states plus Washington, DC.

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What did Grover Cleveland say about the Statue of Liberty?

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In his dedication speech, he emphasized the importance of the statue as a symbol of American values and ideals, such as freedom and democracy.

In 1886, when the Statue of Liberty was dedicated, Grover Cleveland was the President of the United States. In his dedication speech, he emphasized the importance of the statue as a symbol of American values and ideals, such as freedom and democracy. He also stressed the need for the United States to continue to uphold those values. Cleveland said, "We will not forget that Liberty has here made her home, nor shall her chosen altar be neglected." His words reflected a commitment to the principles on which the country was founded, as embodied in the statue, and a reminder to future generations to continue to strive toward those ideals.

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What is symbolic interactionism in simple terms?

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A theory that emphasizes interpersonal interactions is known as symbolic interactionism. It makes the case that people's behavior is determined by the meanings they give to various objects, which can vary from person to person and change over time.

Proponents of the idea contend that it can explain social change and society as a whole, while detractors argue that it is overly restricted. by Sydney Brown's hand.

Symbolic interactionism is a method for examining how people interact with one another by concentrating on the meanings that people give to words and objects in their environment.

Sociology, the study of human society, uses symbolic interactionism to explain social behavior in terms of how people interact depending on how they interpret symbols. Anything that may be given meaning is considered a symbol in this sense, including language, gestures, objects, images, and events, among many other things.

Symbolic interactionism is occasionally referred to as a theory, but many sociologists contend that it is actually a technique or strategy for studying certain interactions. It is occasionally criticized for being lacking or overly concentrated on minute interactions.

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What is deviance behavior?

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Deviant behavior is characterized as activities that go against social standards. These norms might be more formal societal expectations and laws, as well as more informal social conventions.

On the other hand, socially acceptable behavior describes the behaviors that are typically thought to be proper to carry out while around other people. It's also crucial to remember that different cultures have different definitions of what constitutes deviance. The informal and unwritten social norms that people are expected to follow are also influenced by other characteristics, such as sex and socioeconomic level. On the other hand, learning theories can contend that these habits are picked up by observing the abnormal behavior of others.

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What are some examples of spontaneous recovery in psychology?

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The Pavlov's dog experiment is a good example of the spontaneous recovery in psychology.

The term "spontaneous recovery" describes when a conditioned response that has been extinct for some time suddenly reappears after the unconditioned stimulus has been withdrawn.

When two forms of conditioning have taken place, this phenomena can still happen. Both classical and operant conditioning apply to these.

The well-known case is Pavlov's dogs. As Ivan Pavlov fed the dogs, he conducted an experiment in which he repeatedly rang a bell to test his theory.

They eventually came to identify the sound with food, and when they heard it, they started to salivate (a learnt habit). When food was no longer being given, Pavlov began to ring the bell. The dogs eventually ceased gagging in response to the bell.

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17. What term describes the force per unit area applied by water vapor molecules only?(a) vapor pressure(b) relative humidity(c) dewpoint temperature(d) saturation vapor pressure

Answers

Vapor pressure is the  term describes the force per unit area applied by water vapor molecules only therefore the correct option is A.

Vapor pressure is the force per unit area applied by water vapor  motes only. It's the pressure that's  wielded by the water vapor  motes when they're in contact with a  face. It's measured in millibars( mb) and is  generally expressed as a chance of the total atmospheric pressure. Vapor pressure is affected by temperature,  

Moisture, and wind speed. As the temperature increases, the vapor pressure increases and vice versa. Relative  moisture is the  rate of the  quantum of water vapor in the air to the maximum  pressure of water vapor that the air could hold at a given temperature.

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atlanta is the birthplace and burial place of which civil rights leader?

Answers

A total of numerous locations in Atlanta, Georgia connected to the life of Martin Luther King Jr. are included in the 35-acre (0.14-km2) Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park.

Who was Atlanta's leading advocate for racial rights?

The most well-known figurehead of the nonviolent Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s was Martin Luther King Jr. King was named after Martin Luther, a man whose criticism of the Catholic Church ignited the Protestant Reformation. King was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia.

Is Atlanta where the Civil Rights Movement first began?

The birthplace of the modern Civil Rights Movement is frequently referred to be Atlanta. Together with the city's historically black schools and universities, "Sweet Auburn" Avenue's organizations and businesses built a solid infrastructure that helped establish good The 1950s and 1960s saw transformation.

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How did A Raisin in the Sun impact society?

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Many people's eyes were opened by A Raisin in the Sun to the prejudice, racism, and difficulties that black families encountered. Because everyone has a different conception of freedom and a different set of goals they hope to accomplish, even white people can identify with the play.

In 1959, Lorraine Hansberry, the first African American woman to have a play presented on Broadway, wrote this drama. Hansberry's work, which is set in the 1950s, explores the racial and gender concerns that persisted then and do so presently.

The drama depicts issues including racial injustice, gender parity, perceptions of foreign nations, and the issue with money. The drama frequently returns to the subject of racial inequity. The African American Younger family feels out of place in their predominantly white neighbourhood.

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What is the main message of Lord of the Flies summary?

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The main message of Lord of the Flies is the inherent evil in humanity and the dangers of a lack of societal structure.

Throughout the novel, the boys on the island gradually devolve into savagery, despite their attempts to create a functional society. The author whose name is William Golding is uses the characters and events in the story to illustrate the dangers of giving into primal instincts and the need for rules and laws to keep society from descending into chaos.

Ultimately, the novel suggests that without the constraints of civilization, humans will inevitably resort to violence and destruction.

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how many years of prior experience in tech support do most msp positions require?

Answers

MSPs (Managed Service Providers) often look for candidates with a minimum of 2-3 years of experience in technical support.

In general, The required level of experience can vary depending on the job position, company, and the complexity of their services. For instance, some MSPs may require a higher level of experience and knowledge for more advanced technical roles such as a network administrator or cybersecurity specialist.

That said, many MSPs provide on-the-job training, so candidates with less experience but a willingness to learn and develop their skills may still be considered for the position. Employers may also value certifications and degrees in relevant fields such as computer science, information technology, or network administration.

Overall, it's essential to research the specific job requirements of MSP positions before applying to see if your level of experience meets their expectations.

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what is full disclosure

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Answer:

the needs in certain situations (such as real estate transactions ) for both parties to tell truth about all information relevant to the transaction.

What is a comma splice definition?

Answers

A comma splice is a type of error in grammar in which two independent clauses are joined using only a comma.

This results in a  judgment  that doesn't follow the standard rules for syntax. Comma splices are  frequently  set up in informal jotting, but are considered incorrect in formal jotting.   In a comma splice, two independent clauses are joined without the use of a coordinating confluence

(e.g. “ and, ” “ but, ” “ or ”) or a  subjugating confluence(e.g. However, ” “ because, ” “ although ”), “ if. For  example a comma splice  judgment  might read “ The cat ran down, it was  spooked of the canine. ” This  judgment contains two independent clauses( “ The cat ran down ” and “ it was  spooked of the canine ”),

but they aren't joined in a grammatically error Comma splices can be corrected by adding the applicable confluence, breaking the  judgment  into two  rulings, or using a semicolon to separate the clauses.

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you observe a full moon rising at sunset. what will you see at midnight?

Answers

If you observe a full moon rising at sunset, you will see a full moon at the highest point in the sky at midnight.

At what time in the night does the moon rise?

When the Moon's eastern half is illuminated, the third quarter phase is visible. It rises that day at 00:00 and sets at 12:00. When the Moon is in the waning crescent phase, the eastern edge is illuminated but the majority of the visible surface is dark.

When midnight comes, what happens to the Moon?

With each passing night, the Moon rises later and later. From Earth, it appears as though the Moon is half illuminated, but in reality, you are only witnessing a quarter of the Moon's total illumination. The rising and set times of a final quarter moon, often referred to as a third quarter moon, are at midnight and noon respectively.

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What are pros and cons of capitalism?

Answers

It's important to note that capitalism can take many different forms and can be regulated in different ways to address its potential negative effects while still preserving its benefits.

Pros of capitalism:

Economic efficiency: Capitalism encourages innovation and competition, which can drive efficiency and productivity in markets.Consumer choice: Capitalism allows consumers to have a wide range of choices and to purchase products and services that align with their preferences.Individual freedom: Capitalism values individual liberty and freedom of choice in economic decisions.Incentivizes hard work and innovation: Capitalism rewards those who work hard and innovate with financial success and allows for upward mobility.

Cons of capitalism:

Income inequality: Capitalism can lead to unequal distribution of wealth and income, as those who are successful benefit the most.Exploitation: Capitalism may allow for the exploitation of workers, resources, and the environment.Market failures: Capitalism can lead to market failures, such as monopolies, negative externalities, and information asymmetries.Lack of social safety nets: Capitalism may not provide adequate social safety nets for those who are disadvantaged or fall through the cracks of the market.

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what time in 8pm eastern to central?

Answers

One hour ahead of Central Standard Time (CST) is Eastern Standard Time (EST). One hour must be subtracted in order to convert EST to CST.

Two hours ahead of Mountain Standard Time (MST) is Eastern Standard Time (EST). Two hours must be subtracted in order to convert EST to MST.

What time is 8 7 Focal Eastern Time?

Eight-seven-central equals 8/7c. It's a handy abbreviation for Eastern Time at 8 p.m. Central Time, 7 p.m.

Is Central behind Eastern by one hour?

Pacific Time is 2 hours ahead of Central Time, Eastern Time and New York Time are 1 hour behind, UTC is 6 hours behind, and Central European Time is 7 hours behind.

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the united states has a comparative advantage in:

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The united states has a comparative advantage in Technology, aerospace, information technology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and finance.

The U.S. also has a strong competitive advantage in services such as banking, insurance, and law. Additionally, the U.S. is known for its innovation and entrepreneurship, which drives a large portion of its economic growth.

The U.S. also benefits from its large and highly skilled workforce, access to capital, and world-class infrastructure. Finally, the U.S. has a large domestic market and is well-positioned to take advantage of global markets.

It has the world's largest economy and is the largest importer and exporter of goods and services. Its position as a major economic and financial powerhouse gives the U.S. access to the world's capital markets, technology and resources.

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Can someone please write an essay explaining and comparing and contrast Classical Economics, 2)Marxism/Communism, 3) Keynesian Economics

Answers

Classical economics, Marxism/Communism, and Keynesian economics are three distinct economic theories that have been used throughout history. Each has its own set of assumptions and goals, and each has had its own successes and failures. While each theory has its own advantages and disadvantages, they all still play a role in today’s economy.

What is Classical Economics?

Generally, Classical economics, Marxism/Communism, and Keynesian economics are three distinct economic theories that have been used throughout history. Each has its own set of principles, assumptions, and goals. Each theory has had its own successes and failures, and is still relevant today in different ways.

Classical economics was developed in the late 1700’s to early 1800’s by economists such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Thomas Malthus. This economic theory is based on the idea that free markets are the most efficient way to allocate resources and that the government should not interfere with the markets. Classical economics is based on the assumption that people act rationally and make decisions based on their self-interest. The goal of classical economics is to promote economic stability and growth, while keeping inflation and unemployment low. Classical economics relies heavily on the power of incentives and the invisible hand of the market to regulate the economy.

Marxism/Communism is an economic and political philosophy founded by Karl Marx in the mid-1800’s. Marxism is based on the idea that society should be organized around the needs of the working class and that the means of production should be owned by the people. Marxism/Communism is based on the assumption that people are not rational actors, and that the only way to achieve true economic equality is through a revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system. The goal of Marxism/Communism is to create a classless society, where the means of production are owned by everyone and inequality is eliminated.

Keynesian economics was developed by John Maynard Keynes in the early 1900’s. Keynesian economics is based on the idea that active government intervention can help to stabilize the economy and promote economic growth. Keynesian economics is based on the assumption that people are not always rational and that government intervention can help to stabilize prices and employment levels. The goal of Keynesian economics is to use government spending and taxation to manage the economy and to promote economic growth

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