The value of x in the triangle is 8.2 units
How to determine the value of xFrom the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:
Angle = 12 degrees
Hypotenuse = x
Length = 8
The length of hypotenuse, x is calculated as
cos(12) = 8/x
Make x the subject of the formula
x = 8/cos(12)
Evaluate the expression
x = 8.2
Hence, the value of x is 8.2 units
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the number of widgets that a manufacturing plant can produce varies jointly as the number of workers and the time that they have worked. find the constant of proportionality k yo 2 decimal places if 575 workers work 14 hours and can produce 32280.5 widgets.
The constant of proportionality is 4.01.
The number of widgets that can be produced is 42,225.30.
What is the constant of proportionality?
Joint variation is when a variable depends on more than one variable.
The equation that represents joint variation is:
z = kwt
Where:
z = dependent variable k = constant of proportionality w = first independent variable t = second independent variable32280.5 = k x 14 x 575
k = 32280.5 / (14 x 575)
k = 4.01
Number of widgets that can be produced by 585 workers in 18 hours
w = 4.01 x 18 x 585
w = 42,225.30
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Can 0 degree and 90 degree form a pair of complementary non adjacent
A 0 degree and 90 degree can form a pair of complementary angles, but 90 degree and an angle that is not adjacent cannot form a pair of complementary angles.
In mathematics, complementary angles are two angles whose sum is 90 degrees. So, if one angle is 0 degrees, the other angle would have to be 90 degrees in order for them to be complementary. However, if one angle is 90 degrees, it cannot form a pair of complementary angles with an angle that is not adjacent (i.e. next to it).
To understand why, consider a straight line, which is equivalent to 180 degrees. If one angle is 90 degrees, it takes up half of the line, leaving the other half for the other angle.
If the other angle is not adjacent, it would have to be placed somewhere on the other half of the line, which is already taken up by the 90 degree angle. Therefore, the two angles cannot add up to 90 degrees and cannot be complementary.
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Given the sequence 2 and one half comma 2 and one third comma 2 and one fourth comma and continues comma what is f (n)?
f of n equals 2 plus 1 over the quantity 1 plus n
f of n equals 2 plus 1 over n
f of n equals n plus 1 over the quantity 1 plus n
f of n equals 3 minus 1 over n
The function f(n) that generates this sequence is 2 + 1/(n+1). This function takes an input of n and outputs the corresponding term in the sequence.
What is an arithmetic sequence?
A progression or sequence of numbers known as an arithmetic sequence maintains a consistent difference between each succeeding term and its predecessor. The common difference in that mathematical progression is the constant difference.
Here, we have
Given: the sequence 2 and one-half comma 2 and one-third comma 2 and one-fourth comma and continues.
Each term in the sequence is 2 plus a fraction where the denominator is one more than the term number. For example:
In the first term, n=1, and the fraction is 1/2
In the second term, n=2, and the fraction is 1/3
In general, the n-th term in the sequence will have the fraction 1/(n+1).
Hence, the function f(n) that generates this sequence is 2 + 1/(n+1). This function takes an input of n and outputs the corresponding term in the sequence.
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Assume that we have two events, A and B, that are mutually exclusive. Assume further that we know P(A) = 0.30 and P(B) =0.40.
What is P(AAssume that we have two
events, A and&nbB)?
What is P(A | B)?
Is P(A | B) equal to P(A)?
Are events A and B dependent or independent?
A student in statistics argues that the concepts of mutually exclusive events and independent events are really the same, and that if events are mutually exclusive they must be independent. Is this statement accurate?
What general conclusion would you make about mutually exclusive and independent events given the results of this problem?
a) The value of P(A∩B) = 0.
b) The value of P(A|B) = 0.
c) P(A|B) is not equal to P(A). A and B are independent events.
d) The statement "Mutually exclusive events and independent events are really the same, and that if events are mutually exclusive they must be independent." is not accurate.
e) We can conclude that mutually exclusive events have a probability of intersection of zero and are not independent.
a) Since A and B are mutually exclusive, they cannot occur at the same time, so P(A∩B) = 0.
b) The conditional probability of A given B is defined as the probability of A occurring given that B has occurred. Since A and B are mutually exclusive, if B has occurred, then A cannot occur. Therefore, P(A|B) = 0.
c) No, P(A|B) is not equal to P(A). Since B has occurred, the sample space has been reduced to only those outcomes in which B has occurred. Therefore, the probability of A given that B has occurred can only be determined from the portion of the sample space in which both A and B occur.
However, since A and B are mutually exclusive, this probability is zero. Therefore, P(A|B) ≠ P(A).
d) The statement is not accurate. Mutually exclusive events and independent events are different concepts. Two events are mutually exclusive if they cannot occur at the same time, whereas two events are independent if the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other event.
If two events are mutually exclusive, they are not independent because the occurrence of one event precludes the occurrence of the other event.
e) Mutually exclusive events have a relationship where if one event occurs, the other cannot. In contrast, independent events are events where the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other event occurring.
Therefore, we can conclude that mutually exclusive events and independent events are not the same concept, and we must be careful not to confuse them.
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Complete question is:
Assume that we have two events, A and B, that are mutually exclusive. Assume further that we know P(A) = 0.30 and P(B) =0.40.
a) What is P(A∩B)?
b) What is P(A | B)?
c) Is P(A | B) equal to P(A)?
Are events A and B dependent or independent?
d) A student in statistics argues that the concepts of mutually exclusive events and independent events are really the same, and that if events are mutually exclusive they must be independent. Is this statement accurate?
e) What general conclusion would you make about mutually exclusive and independent events given the results of this problem?
Find the explicit equation.
Answer:
f(n) = 23-5n
Step-by-step explanation:
The initial number everywhere is always 23, so that's the start number. Than for every "n" it subtracts 5.
The dimensions of a rectangular prism are (x + 1) feet by (x + 2) feet by 4 feet. The volume of the prism is (24x - 1) cubic feet. What is the value of x?
Answer:
x=3/2
Step-by-step explanation:
(x+1)(x+2)(4) = (24x-1)
4(x^2+3x+2) = 24x-1
4x^2+12x+8 = 24x-1
4x^2-12x^2+9 = 0
(2x-3)^2 = 0
2x-3 = 0
x = 3/2
The possible values of variable {x] are -
{x} = 1.146 or {x} = 1.854.
What is volume?Volume is a collection of two - dimensional points enclosed by a single dimensional line. Mathematically, we can write → V = ∫∫∫ F(x, y, z) dx dy dz.Given is that the dimensions of a rectangular prism are (x + 1) feet by (x + 2) feet by 4 feet.
We can write the volume of the rectangular prism as -
Volume = length x width x height
4(x + 1)(x + 2) = (24x - 1)
(x + 1)(x + 2) = 6x - 1/8
6x - (x + 1)(x + 2) = 1/8
Solving the equation graphically, we get -
x = 1.146 or x = 1.854
Therefore, the possible values of variable {x] are -
{x} = 1.146 or {x} = 1.854.
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According to the U. S. Mint, the number of quarters minted in 2018 was about 2 x 10°. The mass of a quarter is about 6 X 10-3 kg. Write the number of quarters and the mass of a quarter in standard form
The number of quarters minted in 2018 is 2 and the mass of a quarter is 0.006 kg
About the massThe number of quarters minted in 2018 is 2 x 10°, which in standard form is simply 2. The mass of a quarter is 6 x 10^-3 kg, which in standard form is 0.006 kg. So, the number of quarters minted in 2018 is 2 and the mass of a quarter is 0.006 kg
A unit of mass is a unit used to measure mass. Mass is a physical property of an object that is used to explain various observed object behaviors.
In everyday life, mass is always synonymous with weight. But in reality, mass and weight are different. The weight is caused by the interaction between the mass and the Earth's gravitational field.
For example, an object with a weight on earth, when it is sent into outer space or to another planet, the object has no weight because there is no gravity. However, the object still has the same mass.
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Suppose that 8∫3 f(x)dx=6 and 8∫3 g(x)dx=-2 Which of the following is NOT necessarily true?
The correct derivative expressions of the given ones are -
[tex]$1.\;\;\int\limits^3_3 {f^{2} (x)} \, dx = 0[/tex]
[tex]$2.\;\int\limits^3_8 {g(x)-f(x)} \, dx =[/tex][tex]$\int\limits^3_8 {g(x)} \, dx - \int\limits^3_8 {f(x)} \, dx = -2 - 6 = -8[/tex]
[tex]$3.\;\;\int\limits^3_8 {4f(x)} \, dx - \int\limits^3_8 {2g(x)} \, dx = 24 - 4 = 20[/tex]
What are algebraic expressions?In mathematics, an expression or mathematical expression is a finite combination of symbols that is well-formed according to rules that depend on the context.Mathematical symbols can designate numbers (constants), variables, operations, functions, brackets, punctuation, and grouping to help determine order of operations and other aspects of logical syntax.It is given that -
[tex]$\int\limits^3_8 {f(x)} \, dx = 6\\[/tex]
and
[tex]$\int\limits^3_8 {g(x)} \, dx[/tex]
The correct statements of the given are -
[tex]$1.\;\;\int\limits^3_3 {f^{2} (x)} \, dx = 0[/tex]
[tex]$2.\;\int\limits^3_8 {g(x)-f(x)} \, dx =[/tex][tex]$\int\limits^3_8 {g(x)} \, dx - \int\limits^3_8 {f(x)} \, dx = -2 - 6 = -8[/tex]
[tex]$3.\;\;\int\limits^3_8 {4f(x)} \, dx - \int\limits^3_8 {2g(x)} \, dx = 24 - 4 = 20[/tex]
Therefore, the correct derivative expressions of the given ones are -
[tex]$1.\;\;\int\limits^3_3 {f^{2} (x)} \, dx = 0[/tex]
[tex]$2.\;\int\limits^3_8 {g(x)-f(x)} \, dx =[/tex][tex]$\int\limits^3_8 {g(x)} \, dx - \int\limits^3_8 {f(x)} \, dx = -2 - 6 = -8[/tex]
[tex]$3.\;\;\int\limits^3_8 {4f(x)} \, dx - \int\limits^3_8 {2g(x)} \, dx = 24 - 4 = 20[/tex]
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Answer:
C. ∫(f·g)dx = -12 is incorrect
Step-by-step explanation:
You want to know which of the integral expressions is incorrect given ...
[tex]\displaystyle \int_3^8{f(x)}\,dx=6\ \ \text{ and }\int_3^8{g(x)}\,dx=-2[/tex]
LimitsExpression A has the same value for upper and lower limits of the integral. The area being integrated has zero width, so its value will be zero, as shown in expression A.
Expression E has the limits reversed from those in expression B, so the value of that integral will be the opposite of the value shown for B. Both of these integral expressions (B, E) are correct.
SumsThe integral of a sum is the sum of the integrals. This is shown in expressions B, D, and E, all of which are correct.
ProductIn general, the integral of a product will have no relation to the product of integrals. Hence expression C is NOT necessarily correct.
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What is the Surface Area of this prism?
Answer:
164
Step-by-step explanation:
4 x 10 = 40
40 x 2 = 80 (there are two sides with the same measurements)
---
3 x 4 = 12
12 x 2 = 24 (there are two sides with the same measurements)
----
10 x 3 = 30
30 x 2 = 60 (there are two sides with the same measurements)
60 + 80 + 24 = 164
Please help quickly! These triangles are similar. PR=___ units
Based on the definition of similar triangles, the length of PR is 16 units.
What are the Sides of Similar Triangles?In similar triangles, corresponding sides are in proportion. This means that if two triangles are similar, their corresponding sides will have the same ratio.
Therefore, we will have the proportion:
8/6 = (x + 7 + x - 1) / (x + 7)
4/3 = (2x + 6) / (x + 7)
Cross multiply:
3(2x + 6) = 4(x + 7)
6x + 18 = 4x + 28
6x - 4x = -18 + 28
2x = 10
x = 5
PR = x + 7 + x - 1
PR = 2x + 6 = 2(5) + 6
PR = 16 units
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Jeremy needs to buy soccer supplies for his team. He bought 3 packs of shin guards and 2 soccer balls. He then bought 5 packs of shin guards and 3 soccer balls $76.45. What is the cost for a soccer ball?
Based on a system of equations, the cost of a soccer ball is $15.50.
What is a system of equations?A system of equations is two or more equations solved concurrently or at the same time.
A system of equations can also be described as simultaneous equations.
Shin Guards Soccer Balls Total Cost
First purchase 3 2 $48.97
Second purchase 5 3 $76.45
Let the cost of shin guards per unit = x
Let the cost of soccer balls per unit = y
Equations:Equation 1: 3x + 2y = 48.97
Equation 2: 5x + 3 y = 76.45
Multiply Equation 1 by 1.5:
Equation 3: 4.5x + 3y = 73.455
Subtract Equation 3 from Equation 2:
5x + 3 y = 76.45
-
4.5x + 3y = 73.455
0.5x = 2.995
x = 5.99
Substitute x = 5.99 in Equation 1:
3(5.99) + 2y = 48.97
17.97 + 2y = 48.97
2y = 31
y = 15.5
= $15.50
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Question Completion:Jeremy needs to buy soccer supplies for his team. He bought 3 packs of shin guards and 2 soccer balls for $48.97.
Interval notation for x<-5
Please ASAP
Answer: (-∞, -5)
Step-by-step explanation:
When plotted on a line graph there will be an open circle on negative five and your line would be going infinitely off to the left.
The sum of 3 consecutive even numbers is 102 what numbers are these?
ANSWER :
hope it helped
ExPLANATION:
how much 8 oz in ml?
The 8 fluid ounces(oz) of water is equivalent to 236.588 milliliters.
To convert 8 ounces (oz) to milliliters (ml), we need to know the density of the substance. The conversion factor will vary depending on what we are measuring. Here are some common conversion factors:
1 fluid ounce of water weighs 29.5735 grams, which is equivalent to 29.5735 ml.
1 fluid ounce of milk weighs 30 grams, which is equivalent to 28.4131 ml.
1 fluid ounce of honey weighs 21 grams, which is equivalent to 20.0784 ml.
For example, let's say we want to convert 8 fluid ounces of water to milliliters. We know that 1 fluid ounce of water weighs 29.5735 grams, and that 1 milliliter of water also weighs 1 gram (since water has a density of 1 g/mL). Therefore, we can use the following formula to convert 8 fluid ounces of water to milliliters:
8 oz x 29.5735 g/oz x 1 mL/1 g = 236.588 ml
So 8 fluid ounces of water is equivalent to 236.588 milliliters.
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[tex]What is the \sqrt{555}[/tex]
Answer:
23.558
Step-by-step explanation:
u know how the thing goes
A student traveled at an average distance of 8 miles in 16 minutes. Which of the following relationships represent the situation between the time, t, and the total distance traveled, d?
Answer: You would be going 30 miles per hour if you traveled 8 miles in 16 minutes
Step-by-step explanation:
5/6/p = 2/3/1/2 Enter answer as a simplified fraction in the box. show all work
The value of p is 5/8
What are complex fraction?A complex fraction is a rational expression that has a fraction in its numerator, denominator or both. In other words, there is at least one small fraction within the overall fraction.
Examples of complex fraction include ½/¾, ⅚/½
⅚/p = ⅔/½
= 5/6 ÷ p = ⅔ ÷ 1/2
= 5/6 × 1/p = 2/3 × 2/1
= 5/6p = 4/3
15 = 24p
divide both sides by 24
p = 15/24
p = 5/8
therefore the value of p is 5/8
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HELP ASAP WILL GIVE BRAINILEST
Answer:
A, D
Step-by-step explanation:
8/5 + 2/5y
Factor out the 2/5, which gives you:
2/5(4 + 1y) = 2/5(5 + y)
or,
Factor out 1/5, which gives you:
1/5(8 + 2y)
So both A and D are equivalent
In a density curve, proportion of data is represented by O area above the curve. O area under the curve. O the shape of the curve. o intervals of values on the vertical axis. o intervals of values on the horizontal axis. O the length of the curve
In a density curve, the proportion of data is represented by the area under the curve.
Therefore the answer is "area under the curve".
The area under the curve represents the probability or proportion of data within a certain interval. The curve itself represents the distribution of the data and the shape of the curve provides information about the type of distribution (e.g. normal, skew, etc.).
The intervals on both the horizontal and vertical axis are used to measure the density of the data, but they do not represent the proportion of data themselves. The length of the curve has no significance in representing the proportion of data.
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Solve the
y - 4x = 7
simultaneous equations
y = x² + x - 3
*NEED HELP COMPLETING THIS*
Simplify all radicals using the Perfect Square/Cube Factors Method as demonstrated in class.
The answers to all parts shown below.
What is Radical?Radical - The √ symbol that is used to denote square root or nth roots. Radical Expression - A radical expression is an expression containing a square root. Radicand - A number or expression inside the radical symbol.
Given:
We have to find the Square/Cube Factors
1. 5/6√3
Now, rationalizing
5/6√3 x √3/ √3
= 5√3 / 18
2. √3/ (7- 3√5)
Now, rationalizing
= √3/ (7- 3√5) x (7+ 3√5) / (7+ 3√5)
= √3(7+ 3√5) / 4
3. 8/ (4 + 5√2)
Now, rationalizing
= 8/ (4 + 5√2) x (4 - 5√2)/ (4 - 5√2)
= -8 (4 - 5√2)/ 34
4. 7 ∛(48 [tex]m^{18} n^{13}[/tex])
= 14 [tex]m^6[/tex][tex]n^4[/tex]∛6n
5.[tex]2\sqrt{\left(-300x^{18}\right)}[/tex]
=[tex]20\sqrt{3}\sqrt{-x^{18}}[/tex]
6. (4+ 7√10)²
= 4² + (7√10)²+ 2 (4)( 7√10)
= 16 + 490 + 56√10
= 506 + 56√10
7. (6- 7√3) x (6+ 7√3)
= 6² - (7√3)²
= 36 - 147
= -111
8. 11√50[tex]x^{12}y^5[/tex]
= 55[tex]x^6[/tex]y²√2y
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Steven multiplies all the integers from -99 to -90, including -99 and -90 Should his answer be positive or negative? Explain your thinking.
The product of all integers from -99 to -90, including -99 and -90, will be positive.
How to find the sign of the productThe product of an even number of negative integers will be positive, while the product of an odd number of negative integers will be negative.
In this case, we have 10 negative integers, which is an even number. Therefore, the product of all these integers will be positive.
However, the product of a positive and a negative integer is negative, so we need to keep track of the sign changes that occur when we multiply the integers.
We can start by multiplying the two extremes, -99 and -90. The product of these two integers is positive, so at this point, the answer is positive. However, as we multiply more and more of the integers between -99 and -90, we'll eventually reach an even number of positive integers
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please answer immeaditaly thanks so mu ch
Answer:
2: 0.6
3: 0.1
Step-by-step explanation:
picture below........
The area of the given figure above can be calculated through the addition of the area of a rectangule and the area of a trapezium would be = 110km²
How to calculate the area of the given figure?The area of the rectangle= length× width
where length = 17km
width = 4km
area = 17×4= 68km²'&&&&&&
The area of trapezium; = ½(a+b)h
where a= 12 km
B= 17-12 = 5 km
h = 3+4 = 7 km
area = ½(5+7)×7
= ½× 12×7
= 6×7 = 42km²
Therefore the area of the figure = 68+42 = 110km²
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what is the perimeter of the parallelogram?
The perimeter of the parallelogram is 24 units
How to determine the perimeter of the parallelogramThe formula for calculating the perimeter of a parallelogram is given as;
P = 2( a+ b)
Given that the parameters are;
P is the perimeter of the parallelograma is the length of a sideb is the length of the height of the parallleogramFrom the diagram shown, we have the values as the distance between points, we have ;
a = 4 - 1
a = 3
b = 4
Substitute the values
Perimeter , P = 2(3×4)
expand the bracket
Perimeter, P = 24 units
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Look at the first two systems of equations from the table
above.
y=2x-1
y=x+1
and
y = 4x +3
y=2x+3
Notice that in both systems the slopes are different.
However, in one of the systems, the y-intercepts of the
two equations are different, but in the other system, the y-
intercepts are the same. The table above states that both
of these systems has only one solution.
How is that possible?
Answer:
Let -5x+y=-3 be the first equation, and 3x-8y=24 be the second. Let's manipulate the first equation by adding 5x to both side; resulting in y=-3+5x, or 5x-3. Now let's plug in 5x-3 for wherever y has been in the second formula. 3x-8(5x-3)=24. This is now pretty straightforward to solve for x. We distribute the 8 into (5x-3) and get 3x-40x-24=24. -48=27x. x=-48/27, x=-16/9.
Now let's plug in the x for either one of the equations to get y. 3(-16/9)+8y=24. -16/3+8y=24. 8y=24+16/3. 24y=72+16. 24y=88. y=88/24, y=11/3.
Step-by-step explanation:
If you horizontally stretch the quadratic parent function f(x)=x^2 by a factor of 4.
When you horizontally stretch the parent function f(x)=x² by a factor of 4, the new function becomes f(x)= (1/4) x².
The function can be stretched or shrunk in different directions to produce new functions that are similar in shape but differ in size and orientation.
When you horizontally stretch the function f(x)=x² by a factor of 4, the function becomes
=> f(x)= (1/4) x².
To understand this, let's look at the equation of the parent function in detail.
The equation of the parent function f(x)=x² can be written as
=> y=x².
The x values represent the horizontal distances from the origin, and the y values represent the vertical distances from the origin.
When you stretch the function horizontally by a factor of 4, it means that the x values will be multiplied by 4. In other words, the distance from the origin in the x direction will be four times larger. The new equation of the stretched function will be
=> y= (1/4) (4x)².
We can simplify this equation to y= (1/4) x².
In mathematical terms, the horizontal stretching of a function is equivalent to multiplying the independent variable (x) by a constant factor. In this case, the constant factor is 1/4. The constant factor of 1/4 in the equation
=> y= (1/4) x²
represents the horizontal stretch by a factor of 4. The effect of this horizontal stretch is that the parabolic shape of the function will be wider and flatter compared to the parent function. The shape of the parabolic graph of the stretched function will be similar to the parent function, but the x values will be multiplied by 4.
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Last month,Jodie spent $178 on groceries,$238 on utilities,and $1,750. How much did Jodie spend in all?
Jodie spent a total of $2,166 last month on groceries, utilities, and other expenses.
To find out how much Jodie spent in all, we need to add up all of her expenses. We can do this by using the following formula:
Total expenses = Groceries + Utilities + Other expenses
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Total expenses = $178 on groceries + $238 on utilities + $1,750
Adding these values together, we get:
Total expenses = $2,166
Therefore, Jodie spent a total of $2,166 last month.
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The total land are of the United States is about 3,483,511 square miles more than the total land are of Tennessee, which is about 53,927 square miles. Write and solve and equation to find the total land are of the United States.
The total area of the US is equal to 3,537,438 square miles.
What is an equation?An equation is an expression shows the relationship between two or more numbers and variables.
A equation is a statement with two equal sides and an equal sign in between. An equation is, 4 + 6 = 10. Both 4 + 6 and 10 can be seen on the left and right sides of the equal sign, respectively.
We are given that the total land area of the United States is about 3,483,511 square miles more than the total land area of Tennessee, is about 53,927 square miles.
We need to write and solve an equation to find the total land area of the United States.
Now, according to the given information,
Total land area of the United States is 3,483,511 square miles more than the total land area of Tennessee, is 53,927 square miles
Total land area = 3,483,511 + 53,927
= 3,537,438
Hence, the total area of the US = 3,537,438 square miles.
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You have decided that you will choose from an integer valued x so that you do not have to cut out a fraction of an inch. What value of x should you choose? Explain why that is the best choice and why it can't be 12 inches instead? Determine the dimensions of your finished rectangular box.
Answer:
To avoid cutting out a fraction of an inch, we need to choose a value of x that is a factor of both 36 inches and 48 inches, since those are the lengths of the sides of the rectangular sheet of cardboard we are using.
The factors of 36 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 36.
The factors of 48 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 48.
The largest factor that both 36 and 48 have in common is 12. However, we can't choose x to be 12 inches because that would mean the length and width of the rectangular box would also be 12 inches, which is too small for our purposes.
Therefore, we should choose x to be the next largest factor that both 36 and 48 have in common, which is 6 inches. This means we will cut six 6-inch by 8-inch rectangles from the cardboard sheet.
The dimensions of the rectangular box will be:
Length = 2x + 2h = 2(6 in) + 2(8 in) = 12 in + 16 in = 28 in
Width = 2x + 2w = 2(6 in) + 2(12 in) = 12 in + 24 in = 36 in
Height = h = 8 in
Therefore, the dimensions of the rectangular box are 28 inches by 36 inches by 8 inches