short note on immune evasion mechanisms​

When an algae from the ocean is placed in fresh water, the water environment around the algae will become hypotonic in comparison to the algae's cytoplasm.

The high concentration of salt and other solutes in the ocean water creates a hypertonic environment for the algae, while the low concentration of solutes in the freshwater creates a hypotonic environment.

This change in osmotic pressure will cause water to move into the algae cells, causing the cells to swell. If the water uptake becomes excessive, the cells may burst and the algae may die.

However, if the algae is able to adjust its internal salt concentration, it can survive in freshwater. This process is called osmoregulation.

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Answer: When the downdrafts in the cloud become stronger than the updrafts, the storm starts to weaken. Since warm moist air can no longer rise, cloud droplets can no longer form. The storm dies out with light rain as the cloud disappears from bottom to top. The whole process takes about one hour for an ordinary thunderstorm.

Explanation:

Answer:

The independent value or the independent variable

Answer:

Helps you perform surgery from hundreds of miles away

Explanation:

Main advantage of remote surgery is the ability for a surgeon to perform surgery hundreds of miles away.

For example, suppose the president of US has some serious brain issue that no neurosurgeon in US can fix. But there's a neurosurgeon in France that can fix it but that neurosurgeon refuses to come to US. What happens? In a ideal world, remote surgery would be set up where the surgeon in France performs the surgery from France using a special software/tools that can control a robotic surgeon in the hospital in US to perform the surgery.

Through vegetative propagation, the potato plant carries out asexual reproduction. The process of creating new plant progeny from the vegetative components of the parent plant.

Plants can reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation, which takes place in their leaves, roots, and stems.

This may happen as a result of the fragmentation and regeneration of particular vegetative plant components.

Vegetative methods are mostly used to propagate potatoes (cloning). There are nodes or eyeballs in potato tubers where new growth sprouts.

Sprouts are the new stems that are emerging from each eye and are what give life to a new plant.

Examples of vegetative proliferation through leaves include begonia and bryophyllum.

Vegetative propagation is used to grow food crops like cassava, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, pineapple, bananas, onions, etc.

Thus, this way, a new potato plant sprout from this potato itself.

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Land use change (mainly for large-scale food production), which is responsible for 30% of the global biodiversity decline, is the primary direct cause of biodiversity loss.

The variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural environment are all included in what is known as biodiversity.

The greatest direct source of biodiversity loss is land use change, which accounts for 30% of the worldwide decline in biodiversity (mostly due to large-scale food production).

The second major factor, accounting for 20%, is overexploitation (overfishing, overhunting, and overharvesting) for goods including food, medicine, and timber.

Thus, this is the main negative impact on biodiversity.

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Students may have a crucial role in establishing social peace​ because generally they have thinking associated with noble causes.

The role of students in establishing social peace​ may be important in the sense they can be the force of change on the earth when their voices are heard by politicians.  

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the role of students in establishing social peace​  may be important as long as they are comprised of noble causes such as avoiding climate change.

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"Lactase is an enzyme that is responsible for breaking down lactose into unstable sugars within the stomach, keratin makes up hair skin and nails providing them with strength and support and hemoglobin transports oxygen within the body" are all examples of the function of proteins.

Proteins are substantial biomolecules and macromolecules made up of one or more extended chains of amino acid residues.

Among the many tasks that proteins carry out in living things include catalyzing metabolic processes, replicating DNA, reacting to stimuli, giving cells and organisms structure, and moving molecules from one place to another. The primary way that proteins differ from one another is in the order of their amino acids, which is determined by the nucleotide sequence of their genes and typically causes a protein to fold into a certain 3D structure that controls its activity.

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The effects of teratogens on prenatal development is susceptibility, development stage, mechanisms, end points, access, and dose response.

Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span. It is a sub-discipline in medical genetics which focuses on the classification of congenital abnormalities in dysmorphology.

Teratology is the study of birth defects, and its goals are (1) to describe and determine etiology, (2) to explore mechanisms involved in the production of birth defects and (3) to devise means of prevention.

A teratogen is a substance that interferes with normal fetal development and causes congenital disabilities. Drugs, alcohol, chemicals and toxic substances are examples of teratogens.

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Answer:A evolution: the squid lost its other bones

Explanation:The pen, a stiff, rod-like structure found in the body of some species of squid, is believed to have evolved from the remnants of a once more extensive skeleton that the animal no longer needed. Over time, as the squid evolved, it lost many of its bones, including those in the tail, leaving only the pen as a remnant of its evolutionary history. This is known as a process of reduction, in which an organism reduces its overall skeletal structure as it adapts to its environment and changes in behavior or anatomy.

solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust.

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Deletions in the genetic sequence during mitosis and meiosis result into frameshift and change in the reading frame of the DNA molecule.

Gene deletion is the loss of all or a part of a gene. There may also be a change in the sequence of RNA and the protein which are made from that mutated gene.

Deletions in the gene can be caused by the errors in chromosomal crossover which takes place during meiosis, which causes several serious genetic diseases in the organisms. Deletions which do not occur in multiples of three bases can cause a frameshift of the sequence by changing the 3-nucleotide protein reading frame of the genetic sequence of the DNA.

Mitotic errors lead to DNA damage. Mitotic errors have long been recognized to be one of the major source of whole-chromosomal aneuploidy, however the recent evidence has also found to be linked with chromosome segregation errors to the generation of DNA damage which promotes structural alterations in the chromosomes.

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Answer:

9. In an ecosystem shown, arrow D indicates a process that cycles carbon from living or nonliving organisms. The process is evaporation.

10. All arrows represent the conservation of mass and energy.

Explanation:

Hope it helps:)

Pls tell me if I got it wrong:)

Soils will be affected by climate change, which will impact soil erosion, organic carbon, nutrients, and alkalinity.

Food quality and access are also impacted by climate change, which can also affect food availability.

For instance, decreasing agricultural output may be a result of expected temperature rises, modifications to precipitation patterns, modifications to extreme weather events, and decreases in water availability. It affects the production and transportation of food.

Hence, this is how climate change affects the food supply.

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Answer: B.unstable parent elements

Explanation:

Answer:

Red Apple

Explanation:

They r more tasty

Answer:

red apple

Explanation:

they are juicier and sweeter

Humans can't reproduce without cells because the process of fertilization requires the fusion of the sperm and egg cells.

This is referred to as the biological process by which new individual organisms which are called offspring are produced from their parents through different techniques.

It usually involves the fusion of the male and female gametes which are composed of cells and contain the required DNA which are passed to the offspring. Scientific studies have made artificial embryos but there has been cases of malformations which is why it isn't feasible.

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You have a 2 gram/mL stock solution of protein. To make 10 mL of 1 mg/mL solution, add 0.05 mL of stock and 24.95 mL of water for a final volume of 25 mL.

In this case, the new solution is expressed in milligrams per mL (mg/mL) while the stock solution is expressed in grams per mL. Let's only utilize mg/mL for the computations.

By assuming that the amount of protein in the new solution is equal to the amount we would remove from the stock solution, we can obtain an equation.

Therefore, you have a 2 gram/mL stock solution of protein. To make 10 mL of 1 mg/mL solution, add 0.05 mL of stock and 24.95 mL of water for a final volume of 25 mL.

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Answer:

Explanation: Acid mine drainage kills plants and animals around the mine is the statement that best describes an environmental consequence of underground mining. Acid mine drainage is a byproduct of the mining process that occurs when water reacts with minerals in the rock, creating acidic and toxic conditions. This can have a significant impact on the local ecosystem, killing plants and animals that live in and around the mine, and contaminating water sources. It is important for mining companies to manage and mitigate the impact of acid mine drainage to minimize its environmental consequences.

Answer:

A is the correct answer

Explanation:

I choose A because There will just watch, measure and observe the test.

Lightning is a discharge of electricity. A single stroke of lightning can heat the air around it to 30,000°C (54,000°F)! This extreme heating causes the air to expand explosively fast. The expansion creates a shock wave that turns into a booming sound wave, known as thunder.

Answer:

Scientists hypothesize that the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old due to a variety of evidence, including radiometric dating of meteorites and other extraterrestrial objects, as well as radiometric dating of rocks found on Earth. Additionally, the age of Earth is also estimated based on the age of the solar system, which is believed to have formed around the same time. Finally, the age of Earth is also estimated based on the age of the Moon, which is believed to have formed around 4.5 billion years ago.

Answer:

Scientists estimate the age of the Earth to be approximately 4.5 billion years old based on several lines of evidence. This includes radiometric dating of rocks, which uses the decay of isotopes of certain elements to determine the age of the rock. Meteorites, which are believed to have formed at the same time as the solar system, also provide age information. Additionally, the ages of moon rocks brought back by the Apollo missions provide independent confirmation of the Earth's age. Other lines of evidence, such as the ages of the oldest minerals on Earth and the time it took for the Earth's magnetic field to stabilize, also support this age estimate. The convergence of all these lines of evidence leads scientists to conclude that the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old.

Knowing the age of the Earth is important for understanding the evolution of our planet and its place in the solar system. By determining the age of the Earth, scientists can also study the processes that have shaped and changed the Earth over time, such as mountain building, plate tectonics, and the evolution of life. The age of the Earth also has implications for broader scientific questions, such as the origin of the solar system and the evolution of the universe. In addition, understanding the age of the Earth allows scientists to put events in Earth's history, such as mass extinctions and the evolution of life, into a chronological framework. All these reasons make it important for scientists to determine the age of the Earth.

Answer:

yes it is arrow 2 should be remover

Explanation:

i sed so