Recent incidents of food contamination have caused great concern among consumers. An article reported that 31 of 80 randomly selected Brand A brand chickens tested positively for either campylobacter or salmonella (or both), the leading bacterial causes of food-borne disease, whereas 61 of 80 Brand B brand chickens tested positive.

Required:
a. Does it appear that the true proportion of non-contaminated Perdue broilers differs from that for the Tyson brand? Carry out a test of hypotheses using a significance level 0.01 by obtaining a P-value.
b. If the true proportions of non-contaminated chickens for the Perdue and Tyson brands are 0.50 and 0.25, respectively, how likely is it that the null hypothesis of equal proportions will be rejected when a 0.01 significance level is used and the sample sizes are both 80?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a) z(s)  is in the rejection region for H₀  we reject H₀.

We have enough support to conclude that the two populations are different  

z(s) is in the rejection region so we reject H₀

The two population have a different proportion of non-contaminated food

Step-by-step explanation:

Conditions:

-Independent samples

-Random samples

- Size samples big enough

a) A Brand Chickens Sample:

sample size   n₁  = 80

We will go through a z- test

number of contamination cases  x₁  =  31

Then   p₁  =  31/80     p₁  =  0.3875    and  q₁  =  1 - p₁  ; q₁ = 1 - 0.3875

q₁  =  0.6125

B Brand Chickens Sample:

sample size   n₂  =  80

number of contamination cases  x₂  =  61

Then  p₂ = 61/80   p₂ = 0.7625  and  q₂ =  1  -  p₂ ;   q₂  =  1  -  0.7625

q₂  =  0.2375

Hypothesis Test:

Null Hypothesis                                  H₀     p₂ =  p₁

Alternative Hypothesis                      Hₐ     p₂ ≠ p₁

The alternative hypothesis call for a two-tail test ( ≠ ) we will test if the proportion differs )

A significance level  α =  0.01   then    α/2 = 0.005

From z -Table     α/2  =  0.005  correspond to z(c) =  2.575

To calculate z(s)

z(s)  =   ( p₂  -  p₁ ) / √( p₁*q₁/n₁) + (p₂*q₂)/n₂)

z(s)  = (  0.7625  -  0.3875 ) / √(0,3875*0.6125)/80 + (0.7625*0.2375)/80

z(s)  = ( 0.375 ) / √(0.00296) + (0.00226)

z(s)  = ( 0.375 ) /0.072

z(s)  =  5.21

Comparing    z(s)   and   z(c)    z(s) > z(c)

z(s)  is in the rejection region for H₀  we reject H₀.

We have enough support to conclude that the two populations are different

b) folowing the same procedure now talking about non-contaminated chickens

Tyson  Brand Chickens  p₁ =  0,5   then  q₁ = 0.5

Perdue Brand chickens  p₂ = 0.25 then  q₂ = 0.75

n₁ = n₂ = 80

Hypothesis Test:

Null Hypothesis                        H₀            p₁  = p₂

Alternative Hypothesis            Hₐ            p₁ ≠ p₂

Alternative hypothesis indicates a two-tail test

z(c)  =  2.575

And z(s)  =  (0.5 - 0.25)/ √(0.5*0.5)/80  + (0.25*0.75)/80

z(s) = 0.25 / √( 0.003125 + 0.002343

z(s) = 0.25 / 0.0739

z(s) = 3.38

Comparing z(s)  and z(c)

z(s) >  z(c)  

z(s) is in the rejection region so we reject H₀

The two population have different proportion of non-contaminated food


Related Questions

WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST Solve for x

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

sin x° = [tex]\frac{17}{19}[/tex]

x° = [tex]sin^{-1}[/tex] [tex]\frac{17}{19}[/tex]

x° ≈ 63°

ANYONE KNOW THE ANSWER TO THIS??

Answers

Answer:

x = 14 is your answer

Step-by-step explanation:

76 = 7x-22, so to figure it out, you first move -22 to the other side and get

76+22 = 7x.

add them together and you get 98 = 7x

7x would be your equation, so divide 98 by 7 and you get your solution

x = 14 is your answer

the answer is B: x=14

PLEASE HELP ASAP Determine the period.

Answers

That’s easy_________

solve for x 7_3x=2x_3
[tex]7 - 3x = 2x - 3 = [/tex]

Answers

Answer:

x=2

Step-by-step explanation:

[tex]7 - 3x = 2x - 3 \\ 7 - 3x - 2x = - 3 \\ 7 - 5x = - 3 \\ - 5x = - 3 - 7 \\ - 5 = - 10 \\ x = \frac{ - 10}{ - 5} \\ x = 2[/tex]

HOPE IT HELPS!!!

I NEED BRAINLIEST ✌️ PLZ

Tính (1,5)4; ((-2)/3)3; (√3)5.

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Step-by-step explanation:

câu trả lời là trong bức ảnh trên

Cos15°°- Sin 15°= 1/√2​

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Refer this attachment

Hope it's help you

Consider a species of bird that can be split into three age groupings: those aged 0-1 years, those aged 1-2 years, and those aged 2-3 years. The population is observed once a year. Given that the Leslie matrix is equal to

Answers

Answer: hello your question lacks some information attached below is the complete question

answer :

a) attached below

b) 65 students aged 1-2 years

Step-by-step explanation:

For a Leslie matrix ; there is a relation

Pn = L^n Po  where ; Pn = population vector after n years , Po = initial population vector .

a) Initial population vector

attached below

[tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1100\\2400\\3200\end{array}\right][/tex]

b) Number of birds aged 1-2 years are available after 10 years

i.e. P10 = L^10 Po

note : Po = Xo

∴ P10 = [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0&2&1\\0.2&0&0\\0&0.4&0\end{array}\right][/tex]   [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1100\\2400\\3200\end{array}\right][/tex]

we will apply  MATLAB to resolve the above matrix

P10  = [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}217.91\\65.24\\31.911\end{array}\right][/tex]

∴ Number of children between 1-2 years left after 10 years  = 65.24 ≈ 65

The total number of birds aged between 1-2 years which are available after 10 years is 65 and this can be determined by using the Leslie matrix relation.

Given :

Consider a species of bird that can be split into three age groupings: those aged 0-1 years, those aged 1-2 years, and those aged 2-3 years. [tex]\rm L = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}0&2&1\\0.2&0&0\\0&0.4&0\end{array}\right][/tex]

According to the given data, the initial population vector is given by:

[tex]x_0 = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}1100\\2400\\3200\end{array}\right][/tex]

Now, the total number of birds aged between 1-2 years which are available after 10 years is:

[tex]\rm P_{10} = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}0&2&1\\0.2&0&0\\0&0.4&0\end{array}\right] \left[\begin{array}{ccc}1100\\2400\\3200\end{array}\right][/tex]

Now, solve the above matrices in order to determine the value of [tex]\rm P_{10}[/tex].

[tex]\rm P_{10} = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}217.91\\65.24\\31.911\end{array}\right][/tex]

Therefore, the total number of birds aged between 1-2 years which are available after 10 years is 65.

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Find the length of side x

Answers

no no no no no no no no no no

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

tan(30) = x/1

sqrt(3) / 3 = x/1

x= sqrt(3) / 2

In mixture A of candy ingredients there are 3 parts of milk-chocolate for every Z parts peanut separate mixture B. there are 4 parts of nougat for every 3 parts of caramel equat parts of A and combined in one mixing bow what is the ratio of peanut butter to nougat in the bowl

Answers

3m=Z :A
4n=3c :B

If it’s a1:1 for A:B
z:4n

Feel like you left out something but this is what I got from info provided

Answer:

D. 7:10

Step-by-step explanation:

The Correct Answer

Which is equivalent to f/125)*? O 125+ 0 1254 125" C. 125/11​

Answers

Answer:

I think choose (1)

[tex]125 ^{ \frac{1x}{3} } [/tex]

Evaluate the expression for the given value of the variable.

3x + 4 when x = 2


5y - 3.6 when y = 4


7z4+ 1.05 when z = 1.2


20 - b3.2when b = 5.2

Answers

Answer:

I NOT 100% SURE BUT I THINK ITS .B)

Step-by-step explanation:

help please show work

Answers

7.) 18.8 square kilometers
1/2 • 4.7 x 8 = 18.8

8.) 40.96 square miles
6.4^2 = 40.96

9.) 7 square meters
1/2 • 4 • 3.5 = 7

10.) 36.4 square centimeters
(2.6 + 7.8) ÷ 2 x 7

11.) 22.8 square yards
6 • 3.8 = 22.8

12.) 30.6 square centimeters
5.1 • 6 = 30.6

Explanation:
FORMULAS FOR AREAS OF:
Triangle: 1/2 • base • height
Square: side^2
Parallelogram: base • height
Rectangle: Length • width
Trapezoid: (a + b) ÷ 2 x height
(a & b are the two bases)

hope this helps!

Question 1 of 10
The number √3 goes on forever with no repeating pattern; therefore, it is
rational.
A. True
B. False
SUBMIT

Answers

the answer should be true

Answer:

False

Step-by-step explanation:

Rational number :

A rational number is a number which can be represent as p/q of two integers where q is not equal to zero

Example: 2/3

[tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] = 17320508075........ and it keeps extending. Since it does not terminate or repeated after the decimal point.

Therefore [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] is an irritational number,

Hence given statement is FALSE

subtract

a2-b2 from a2 +b2

Answers

Answer:

2b^2

Step-by-step explanation:

according to the question equation is

(a^2 + b^2 ) - (a^2 - b^2)

a^2 + b^2 - a^2 + b^2

plus a square and minus a square gets cancel

b^2 + b^2

since they are like terms they can be added

2b^2

Answer:

2b^2

Step-by-step explanation:

according to the question equation is

(a^2 + b^2 ) - (a^2 - b^2)

a^2 + b^2 - a^2 + b^2

= b^2 + b^2

like terms can be added

+2b^2

find the equation of straight line passing through each of the following pairs of points
a) (2,4) and (7,2)​

Answers

Answer:

The equation of the line is [tex]y = -\frac{2}{5}x + \frac{24}{5}[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Equation of a line:

The equation of a line has the following format:

[tex]y = mx + b[/tex]

In which m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.

Slope:

Having two points, the slope is given by the change in y divided by the change in x. Points (2,4) and (7,2)​, so:

Change in y: 2 - 4 = -2

Change in x: 7 - 2 = 5

Slope: [tex]m = \frac{-2}{5} = -\frac{2}{5}[/tex]

So

[tex]y = -\frac{2}{5}x + b[/tex]

(2,4)

This means that when [tex]x = 2, y = 4[/tex]. So

[tex]y = -\frac{2}{5}x + b[/tex]

[tex]4 = -\frac{2}{5}(2) + b[/tex]

[tex]b = 4 + \frac{4}{5} = \frac{20}{5} + \frac{4}{5} = \frac{24}{5}[/tex]

The equation of the line is [tex]y = -\frac{2}{5}x + \frac{24}{5}[/tex]

67 2/3% of the animals at an animal shelter are dogs. About what fraction of the animals at the shelter are dogs?

Answers

Answer:

2/3

Step-by-step explanation:

2/3 is 66 2/3%

please help its urgent​

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

18x-6=120

18x=120+6

18x=126

    x=126÷18

    x=7

A box has three balls, one white and two red. We select one ball, put it back in the box, and select a second ball (sampling with replacement). Find the probability of the following events:

a. Let F= the event of getting the white ball twice.
b. Let G= the event of getting two balls of different colors.
c. Let H= the event of getting white on the first pick.
d. Are F and G mutually exclusive?
e. Are G and H mutually exclusive?

Answers

Answer:

See explaation

Step-by-step explanation:

Given

Represent the balls with the first letters

[tex]W =1[/tex]

[tex]R =2[/tex]

Solving (a): P(F) --- White balls twice

The event of F is:

[tex]F = \{(W,W)\}[/tex]

So:

[tex]P(F) = P(W) * P(W)[/tex]

[tex]P(F) = \frac{n(W)}{n} * \frac{n(W)}{n}[/tex]

[tex]P(F) = \frac{1}{3} * \frac{1}{3}[/tex]

[tex]P(F) = \frac{1}{9}[/tex]

Solving (b): P(G) --- two different colors

The event of G is:

[tex]G = \{(W,R),(R,W)\}[/tex]

So:

[tex]P(G) = P(W) * P(R) + P(R) * P(W)[/tex]

[tex]P(G) = \frac{n(W)}{n} * \frac{n(R)}{n} + \frac{n(R)}{n} * \frac{n(W)}{n}[/tex]

[tex]P(G) = \frac{1}{3} * \frac{2}{3} + \frac{2}{3} * \frac{1}{3}[/tex]

[tex]P(G) = \frac{2}{9} + \frac{2}{9}[/tex]

[tex]P(G) = \frac{4}{9}[/tex]

Solving (c): P(H) --- White picked first

The event of H is:

[tex]H = \{(W,R),(W,W)\}[/tex]

So:

[tex]P(H) = P(W) * P(R) + P(W) * P(W)[/tex]

[tex]P(H) = \frac{n(W)}{n} * \frac{n(R)}{n} + \frac{n(W)}{n} * \frac{n(W)}{n}[/tex]

[tex]P(H) = \frac{1}{3} * \frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{3} * \frac{1}{3}[/tex]

[tex]P(H) = \frac{2}{9} + \frac{1}{9}[/tex]

[tex]P(H) = \frac{3}{9}[/tex]

[tex]P(H) = \frac{1}{3}[/tex]

Solving (d): F and G, mutually exclusive?

We have:

[tex]F = \{(W,W)\}[/tex]

[tex]G = \{(W,R),(R,W)\}[/tex]

Check for common elements

[tex]n(F\ n\ G) = 0[/tex]

Hence, F and G are mutually exclusive

Solving (e): G and G, mutually exclusive?

We have:

[tex]G = \{(W,R),(R,W)\}[/tex]

[tex]H = \{(W,R),(W,W)\}[/tex]

Check for common elements

[tex]n(G\ n\ H) = 1[/tex]

Hence, F and G are not mutually exclusive

four times the difference of 15 and 6

Answers

Answer:

36

Step-by-step explanation:

9 is the difference

9 times 4 is 36

Subtraction is a mathematical operation. The statement "Four times the difference of 15 and 6" is equal to 36.

What is subtraction?

Subtraction is a mathematical operation that reflects the removal of things from a collection. The negative symbol represents subtraction.

The statement "Four times the difference of 15 and 6" can be expressed as,

= 4 × (15 - 6)

= 4 × (9)

= 36

Hence, The statement "Four times the difference of 15 and 6" is equal to 36.

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Select all the correct answers.

These examples show the application of the negative exponent property. Which two examples correctly apply this property?

Answers

Answer:

First one and Third one

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer is correct from Plato

The correct expressions are:

[tex]17^{-1/4}[/tex] [tex]= \frac{1}{17^{1/4}}[/tex]

[tex]y^{1/2}[/tex] [tex]= \frac{1}{y^{-1/2}}[/tex]

In the given expression,

Since we know that the rule of exponent,

[tex]a^{-n} = \frac{1}{a^n}[/tex]

Therefore,

For the given expression,

[tex]17^{-1/4}[/tex]

Using the above property of exponent we can write it,

[tex]= \frac{1}{17^{1/4}}[/tex]

Hence this is the correct expression.

For the given expression,

[tex]y^{1/2}[/tex]

Using the above property of exponent we can write it,

[tex]= \frac{1}{y^{-1/2}}[/tex]

Hence this is the correct expression.

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06.04 find the area of the image below a.24.6 units b.25.8 units c.26.3 units d.27.5 units​

Answers

Its D. 27.5 units.

Divide the figure into one parallelogram and one triangle.

Count the base and height of the parallelogram:
The base is 5 units, the heigth is 3 units.
AREA- 3 • 5 = 15 units

Count the base and height of the triangle:
The base is 5 units, the height is also 5 units.
AREA- 1/2 • 5 • 5 = 12.5

Add the area of the parallelogram and the area of the triangle:
15 + 12.5 = 27.5

SO, the area of the whole figure is 27.5 square units.

BRAINLIEST WILL BE APPRECIATED!
Have a nice day -SpaceMarsh

Is 69 square routed a even number

Answers

No it is not, the square root is 8.3

To solve the equation, Lorie applies the distributive property, combines like terms, then applies the addition and subtraction properties of equality to isolate the variable term on one side of the equation and the constant term on the other side. What are the possible coefficients of x after Lorie has completed these steps?

10 (one-half x + 2) minus 5 = 3 (x minus 6) + 1
–32 and 2
–2 and 32
–2 and 2
–32 and 32

Answers

Answer: -2 and 2

For this problem you really need to use algebraic skills. Coefficients refer to the number by the variable. So if you follow the steps it gives you then you’re fine.

Problem:
10(0.5x+2) - 5 = 3(x-6) + 1

Distribute:
5x +20 - 5 = 3x - 18 + 1

Combine like terms:
5x + 15 = 3x - 17

Addition and subtraction properties:
5x - 3x + 15 = -17
2x = -17 -15
2x = -32

OR:
5x + 15 = 3x - 17
15 + 17 = 3x - 5x
32 = -2x

Therefore your answer is -2 and 2 because coefficient is the number being multiplied by the variable. In this case it can be -2 or 2 depending where you move the variables (aka adding them or subtracting them from both sides)

Answer:

-2 and -2

Step-by-step explanation:

Which operation should you perform first in the expression 7x2^3?

Answers

Answer:

Below,

Step-by-step explanation:

The exponent part is done first

7 x 2^3

= 7 * 8

= 56.

You use the acronym PEMDAS:-

( E ( exponential) comes before  M (multiply))

Which of the following represents the factorization of the trinomial below?
x2 - 14x + 49
O A. (x-7)
O B. (x-7)(x+7)
O C. (x+7)
O D. (x+2)(x+7)
ANSWER ASAP!!

Answers

the answer should be B!

[tex]\implies {\blue {\boxed {\boxed {\purple {\sf { \: ( {x - 7})^{2} }}}}}}[/tex]

[tex]\large\mathfrak{{\pmb{\underline{\red{Step-by-step\:explanation}}{\red{:}}}}}[/tex]

[tex] {x}^{2} - 14x + 49[/tex]

[tex] = {x}^{2} - 7x - 7x + 49[/tex]

Taking "[tex]x[/tex]" as common from first two terms and "7" from last two terms, we have

[tex] = x \: ( \: x - 7 \: ) - 7 \: ( \: x - 7 \: )[/tex]

Taking the factor [tex](x-7)[/tex] as common,

[tex] = ( \: x - 7\:) \: (\: x - 7\: )[/tex]

[tex] =( {x - 7})^{2} [/tex]

[tex]\large\mathfrak{{\pmb{\underline{\orange{Mystique35 }}{\orange{❦}}}}}[/tex]

Which expression can be modeled using the number line?

Answers

Answer:

7 x 1/10 = 7/10

Step-by-step explanation:

There are 7 "bumps" on the number line, and each "bump" moves the line 1/10.

This can also be modeled as

1/10 + 1/10 + 1/10 +1/10 +1/10 +1/10 +1/10 = 7/10

What is the answer. I need it ASAP u have to choose 3 answers

Answers

x= 5
y=1.25 :))))
If it is true, don't forget to click ”thanks♥️” for me

A TRIANGLE HAS SIDE LENGTH 3, 8 AND 9. FIND THE ANGLE MEASUREMENTFOR THE ANGLE CROSS FROM THE SIDE WITH LENGTH OF 8.

Answers

Answer:tu culo

Step-by-step explanation:

There are 5,000 books in the​ town's library. Of​ these, 4,700 are fiction. To find the percent of the books that are​ fiction, first set up the percent equation. Then find the percent.

Answers

Answer:

94%

Step-by-step explanation:

4,700/5,000 x 100%

0.94 x 100% = 94%

Answer:

94%

Step-by-step explanation:

Please can you help me

Answers

Answer:

[tex]x = 24.75[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Required

Find x

To find x, we have:

[tex]\angle PQR + \angle RPQ + \angle QRP = 180[/tex] -- angles in a triangle

Because [tex]\bar {PR}[/tex] is extended to S, then:

[tex]\angle QRS = \angle QRP[/tex]

So, we have:

[tex]2x + 6 + x - 7 + 5x -17 = 180[/tex]

Collect like terms

[tex]2x + x + 5x = 180 + 17 + 7-6[/tex]

[tex]8x = 198[/tex]

Divide by 8

[tex]x = 24.75[/tex]

Other Questions
List or describe two ways a person who identifies as Latino, Latina, Latinx, Latine, Hispanic, Central American, South American, and/or Spanish might experience stereotyping A school raises 468 for their chosen charity by dressing up.Tge money raised is increased by 42% by holding a cake sale.The headtheacher makes up the total sum to 700.How much does the headteacher donate? 11. Find the area of each figure. Show all your calculations a. 3 cm 13 cm Te voy a contar la verdad con tal de que no se la _ a nadiecuentascuentescontabascontaras urgent! im not very good at this need a bit of help, see the picture below 1. What is the culture of "El Lapislazuli?"2. What is the culture of "Pablo Neruda?"3. What is the culture of "La Calle Ocho?"4. What is the culture of "La Casa Rosada?"It's fine if you don't know all of them, thank you :) Just because I seen someone else ask but they didn't have enough information.If a filesystem has a block size of 4096 bytes, this means that a file comprised of only one byte will still use 4096 bytes of storage. A file made up of 4097 bytes will use 4096*2=8192 bytes of storage. Knowing this, can you fill in the gaps in the calculate_storage function below, which calculates the total number of bytes needed to store a file of a given size? Stress is defined as a "nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it." What is meant by "nonspecific"? Please help. I completely forgot what to do ahh. If anyone knows, please let me know :( 5. The technology has enabled development of an online ______ library. A. virtual B. real C. funny D. fast6. I like ______ up as soon as I finish eating. A. wash B. to wash C. washes D. washed7. Im trying ______ Chinese though its very difficult. A. learn B. learning C. learnt D. to learn8. We should stop ______ because it is harmful to our health. A. smoke B. smokes C. smoking D. to smoke9. I love the people in my village. They are so ________ and hospitable. A. friendly B. vast C. slow D. inconvenient10. So many people nowadays are _______ computers and mobile phones. They use them a lot. A. addicted to B. bored with C. worried about D. afraid of11. I always enjoy _______ to my grandfather. He always tells me great stories. a. to talk b. to talking c. talking d. talk12. Could you help me _______ the kitchen? Its a real mess! a. tidy b. tidied c. tidying d. with tidying13. Steven dislikes _______, so he usually takes a bus to work. a. to drive b. to be driven c. be driven d. driving14. Jane prefers _______ music than to listen to it. a. playing b. play c. to play d. played15. Marlene cant wait _______ to the beach again. Avery's piggy bank has 300 nickels what is the change of state from gas to liquid Which will a positively charged object attract how do you do question 1? A student wants to make a 0.600 M aqueous solution of barium sulfate, BaSO4, and has a bottle containing 12.00 g of barium sulfate. What should be the final volume of the solution?Find the numerical answer for this question and make sure to include the following:What is the formula for molarity?What is the molar mass for barium sulfate?When you give your numerical answer, what are the correct significant figures and how do you know that is the correct amount?Need this ASAP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! How long will it take for this to get taken down? Zagia is taking a bicycling trip across the United States. Her destination is 3, 150miles away. If Zagia travels 90 miles per day, how far does she have left to travelafter 20 days of bicycling?The distance left after 20 days ismiles. 24.What is the value of x to the nearest tenth?A. 4.8B. 9.2C. 7.2D. 12.0 Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. To measure narcissism, she uses a narcissism scale created by a colleague. Question 1 of the scale reads, I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself. Question 2 reads, I do not have a high opinion of myself. Question 3 reads, I think other people think I am really special. Dr. Rodriquez is concerned whether the scale will really measure narcissism or if it will measure some other related concept. In short, she is concerned about the scale s _____________ . 2.1.3. Suggest and discuss TWO ways a community canbe responsible in ensuring the promotion of servicethat promote safety and healthy living