provide kinesthetic feedback to reduce subconscious muscle guarding

Answers

Answer 1

Kinesthetic feedback can be used to reduce subconscious muscle guarding and promote relaxation. Here are some techniques that can provide kinesthetic feedback:

Progressive muscle relaxation: This technique involves systematically tensing and relaxing different muscle groups. By consciously tensing the muscles and then releasing the tension, individuals can become more aware of muscle tightness and learn to relax those muscles intentionally.

Guided imagery: Guided imagery involves visualizing calming or pleasant scenes while focusing on the sensations of relaxation throughout the body. This technique can help individuals shift their attention away from muscle tension and promote a sense of relaxation.

Therapeutic touch: Therapeutic touch involves the gentle, non-invasive touch of a trained practitioner. The practitioner's touch can provide feedback to the individual's body, promoting relaxation and reducing muscle guarding.

Biofeedback: Biofeedback is a technique that uses electronic devices to provide real-time information about physiological processes such as muscle tension. By receiving visual or auditory feedback about their muscle activity, individuals can learn to recognize and control muscle tension levels consciously.

Stretching and gentle movement exercises: Engaging in gentle stretching and movement exercises can help release tension in muscles and provide kinesthetic feedback. Moving through a full range of motion can increase body awareness and promote relaxation.

By incorporating these kinesthetic feedback techniques into a person's routine, they can become more aware of subconscious muscle guarding and develop strategies to reduce it. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional or a qualified therapist to ensure that the techniques are appropriate and performed correctly for individual needs.

Learn more about kinesthetic here

https://brainly.com/question/29242241

#SPJ11


Related Questions

Young women are likely to test positive for HIV than men of the same
4) Young women are
age.
a) Equally
b) Two times more
c) Two times less
d) Three times less
United Stator the estimated incidence of HIV has remained stable

Answers

Answer:

The answer is B, two times more.

Explanation:

Since women have a greater area of mucus, they have twice the chance of catching HIV than men of the same age.

The nurse is instructing a client about taking a liquid iron preparation for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. What should the nurse include in the instructions?

Answers

Dilute the liquid preparation with another liquid such as juice and drink with a straw

Dilute liquid preparations of iron with another liquid such as juice and drink with a straw to avoid staining the teeth. Avoid taking iron simultaneously with an antacid, which interferes with iron absorption. Drink orange juice or take other forms of vitamin C with iron to promote its absorption. Expect iron to color stool dark green or black.

What is Iron deficiency Anemia ?

Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia that happens when there isn't enough iron in the body.

Someone with anemia has a lower number of red blood cells (RBCs) than usual

RBCs contain hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen throughout the body.

Learn more about Iron deficiency Anemia here:

https://brainly.com/question/866200

#SPJ4

____ is the third-leading cause of death today among u.s. adolescents 13–19 years old and children 10–14 years old.

Answers

According to the research, drug overdose is the third-leading cause of death today among U.S adolescents 13–19 years old and children 10–14 years old.

What is drug overdose?

It is the administration of a dose above a drug in a short interval of time causing seizures, high blood pressure among other complications.

Drug abuse especially affects young people (adolescents and children), being the third-leading cause of death today among the US, with cocaine being the most widely consumed.

Therefore, we can conclude that drug overdose is the third-leading cause of death today among U.S adolescents 13–19 years old and children 10–14 years old.

Learn more about drug overdose here: https://brainly.com/question/14287670

#SPJ1

What is the abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the toe, which is commonly referred to as a bunion?

Answers

The abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the toe which is commonly referred to as a bunion is hallux valgus

What is Bunion?

Bunion occurs because there has been a misalignment between the bones and joints of the toes. With the evolution of the frame, the big toe can push, overlap or place itself under the other fingers.

What is hallux valgus?

Hallux valgus is the main pathology of the forefoot, affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint. It is defined as a lateral deviation of the hallux associated with the varus of the first metatarsal, producing a medial bony protrusion at the level of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

With this information, we can conclude that A bunion (hallux valgus) is an enlargement of the bone or tissue around a joint at the base of the big toe or at the base of the little toe.

Learn more about bunion in brainly.com/question/15156616

#SPJ1

A compression rate of 100-120 per minute should be performed when providing cpr.

Answers

A compression rate of 100-120 per minute should be performed when providing CPR is regarded as a true statement in this type of scenario.

What is CPR?

This is referred to as cardio pulmonary resuscitation and is done in situations where there is a heart attack. it involves tow main processes which include compression and artificial ventilation. This is done to ensure that the brain isn't starved of oxygen before normal blood circulation to parts of the body are restored.

When performing this life saving technique, it is usually best to give 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 a minute and 2 rescue breaths so as to ensure the individual recovers and is able to breathe normally again thereby preventing the death of cells of the body as a result if being starved of oxygen.

Read more about Cardio pulmonary resuscitation here https://brainly.com/question/3725035

#SPJ1

External respiration is breathing air from outside.

a. true
b. false

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

external respiration is breathing

The statement "external respiration is breathing air from outside" is absolutely false.

What is External respiration?

External respiration may be defined as the process that significantly involves the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other blood solutes with the external environment.

This type of respiration involves both bringing air into the lungs, which is known as inhalation and liberating air to the atmosphere, which is known as exhalation.

External respiration typically includes both processes, i.e breathing air from outside and releasing air outside. While internal respiration is something that significantly deals with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and blood vessels. It is opposite to external respiration.

Therefore, the statement "external respiration is breathing air from outside" is absolutely false.

To learn more about External respiration, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/4569375

#SPJ2

You pick up a box of cheerios cereal in the supermarket. The nutrition facts panel tells you that a 1-cup serving provides 25 percent of the __________ for iron.

Answers

You pick up a box of cheerios cereal in the supermarket. The nutrition facts panel tells you that a 1-cup serving provides 25 percent of the daily value for iron.

Cheerios provides 45% of daily value for iron which many people are deficient in. Cornflakes come in as the most iron rich cereal due to fortification to enrich the vitamin and minerals which is healthy.

The human body need a certain amount of iron which helps in produce healthy red blood cells. which adding iron to make a cereals a better source of iron would be natural. All cereals are fortified with the same amount of iron.

To learn more about the human body here

https://brainly.com/question/11738302

#SPJ4

What food is the most abundant in the diet of the children afflicted with night blindness? is it a good source of vitamin a?

Answers

Vitamin -A  can protect the eyes cornea which is affected and caused night blindness . Diet of the child who is affected by the night blindness such as carrot, egg,milk, spinach, pumpkins,etc.

Night blindness is a vision impairment also known as Nyctalopia. those who suffer form night blindness they experience poor vision.Vitamin -A also called retinal plays a role in transforming nerve impulses into images int retina , which is a light sensitive part in our eyes.

Those who have high blood glucose level / diabetes also have a high risk of developing eye diseases like night blindness. Its is inability to see well at night or in light such as restaurant or theaters.

To learn more about Vitamin -A here

https://brainly.com/question/24324739

#SPJ4

2. What is the thermodynamic basis or concept that applies to a calorimeter?

Answers

Because calorimetry is used to degree the heat of a reaction, it is a vital part of thermodynamics. With the intention to measure the heat of a response, the reaction must be removed so that no heat is misplaced to the surroundings. This is accomplished by means of the use of a calorimeter, which insulates the response to better include heat.

Consistent with the first law of Thermodynamics, the energies of the system and environment can exchange simplest in the event that they change electricity with every different. accordingly, if the electricity of 1 increases, the strength of the opposite decreases with the aid of the equal quantity, or vice versa, preserving constant overall energy.

A calorimeter is a device used to degree the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process. for instance, whilst an exothermic response happens in solution in a calorimeter, the heat produced by way of the reaction is absorbed by the solution, which increases its temperature.

Learn more about calorimeter here: https://brainly.com/question/24167789

#SPJ4

When muscles increase in size, it’s known as

Answers

Answer:

Hypertrophy

(sorry if it's wrong)

Answer:

Hypertrophy

Explanation:

Hypertrophy - the increase and/or growth of muscle cells. It is also means when there is an increase in muscles size.

I hope it helps! I hope you have a great day!

Pan~

Explain the role psychoactive drugs and other substances play in unsafe situations, such as HIV,STDs, unplanned pregnancies, and motor vehicle accidents

Answers

The role of psychoactive drugs and other substances play in unsafe situations, such as HIV,STDs is its effect on the central nervous system.

What is Psychoactive drug?

This type of drug affects the ways the brain works and changes the mood of individuals which consume them.

They affect sense of reasoning and judgement which is the role they play in the unsafe situations which are mentioned.

Read more about Psychoactive drug here https://brainly.com/question/15894733

#SPJ1

The psychoactive drugs play a negative role in unsafe situations because it affect the central nervous system of our body.

Explain the role psychoactive drugs?

Psychoactive drugs greatly affect the central nervous system of our body. They have the ability to change the brain's functionality, change mood, perception, and consciousness.

So we can conclude the psychoactive drugs play a negative role in unsafe situations, such as HIV, unplanned pregnancies, and vehicle accidents because it affect the central nervous system of our body.

Learn more about drugs here: https://brainly.com/question/1189815

#SPJ1

Evander is competing in a bodybuilding competition and wants to gain extra muscle. He is searching for information about products to help him.

Which question should Evander ask to determine whether the information is reliable?

Is the product cheap?
Is the source credible?
Does the information promise fast results?
Does the product claim to be a miracle drug?

Answers

Is the source credible?  is the question Evander should ask to determine whether the information is reliable.

Why health care is important in our life?High-quality healthcare helps with the prevention of disease and the improvement of life quality.The goal of Healthy People 2030 is to increase the standard of healthcare and guarantee that everyone has access to the treatments they require. The health and welfare of patients can be improved by improving communication amongst medical specialists.The quality of life is enhanced and disease is prevented with the help of high-quality healthcare.Promoting increased communication between medical experts to promote health and wellbeing.A healthy idea is one that emphasizes both physical capabilities and social and personal resources. This indicates that health is a resource to support a person's role in larger society rather than being a goal in and of itself. The means to live a full life with meaning and purpose are provided by a healthy lifestyle.

So, The correct option is B.

Learn more about health care here:

https://brainly.com/question/4334929

#SPJ1

What is the most likely cause of the eosinophilia?

Answers

The Cleveland clinic says that allergies are the main cause for the high levels. But some other causes can include skin disorders, tumors and autoimmune disorders

How much to consume less than and ideally less than percent of you calories from saturated fats?

Answers

Limiting calories from saturated fats to less than 10% of the total calories you eat and drink each day is recommended.

What is Saturated fats?

This is a type of fat which single bond fatty acid chains and also produces calories when broken down.

It however increases heart disease risks which is why the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends it to be less than 10 percent.

Read more about Saturated fats here https://brainly.com/question/1601509

#SPJ1

Sexually transmitted diseases between sexually active partners are most commonly transmitted by which method?

Answers

STDs are usually spread by having s.e.x that can be v.a.ginal, o.ral, or a.nal s.e.x. Some can be spread via blood or blood products and some and can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth.

STDs can cause long-term health problems, particularly in women and infants. Some of the health complications that arise from STDs include pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, tubal or ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, and perinatal or congenital infections in infants born to infected mothers. Diseases like Syphilis, HIV, hepatitis B and C are serious diseases that can result in long-term health problems and even death.

There is no proven alternative therapy to treating an STDs. Treatment is testing and antibiotics. The most effective complementary treatments of STDs that is, those that that go along with standard medical treatment involve prevention and patient counseling.

To learn more about STDs ,here

https://brainly.com/question/14660788

#SPJ4

As mohammed creates his family’s disaster preparedness plan, he wants to make sure everything necessary is added. which element should he be sure to include? check all that apply.

Answers

Answer: this cool and all but where are the answer choices?

Explanation:

Answer:

B, C, E or 2, 3, 5

escape routes from the home

a place to meet after the emergency

an emergency contact outside the area


What do multimillion-dollar sponsorships of famous athletes symbolize?
A. globalization
B. leadership
C. commercialization
D. sportsmanship

Answers

D because they work together in a team which is good to symbolise

Answer:

C. Commercialization

Explanation:

They are doing sponsorship to commercialize certain things, and it helps both them and the other person they are doing the sponsorship with.

I hope it helps! Have a great day!

Pan~

Research online or offline for local establishments that sell in bulk to restaurants and food service operations. Select one or two items from your menu and compare the prices for these items in 2 or 3 establishments. Which establishment offers the lowest prices? Calculate the cost differences of the ingredients on the original recipe. What will be your savings?

Answers

When we prefer to buy the ingredients and prepare a food, we are saving money, in the case of a hamburger it would be a saving of 8,800 pesos.

How to differentiate the prices of a restaurant and a bulk sale?

To differentiate the prices of a bulk food establishment and a restaurant, we must compare the menu and the prices of the establishment to identify which price is cheaper.

In the case of a hamburger we can find a great variety of prices. In general, a hamburger can be obtained from 10,000 pesos to 30,000 pesos.

On the other hand, in the bulk sale establishment we can buy the ingredients to prepare our hamburger. The ingredients would be:

Hamburger Bread (4 portions) - 2,000 pesosLettuce (5 portions) - 1,000 pesos.Tomato (5 portions) - 1,000 pesos.Meat (2 portions) - 9,000 pesos.Cheese (5 portions) - 3,000 pesos.Sauce (10 portions) - 2,000 pesos.

According to the above information, we must take into account that the portions that we can get in the market exceed our need to prepare a single hamburger, so we need to divide the price by the number of portions of each element to know the unit price.

Hamburger bun (1 portion) - 500 pesos.Lettuce (1 portion) - 200 pesos.Tomato (1 portion) - 200 pesos.Meat (1 portion) - 4,500 pesos.Cheese (1 portion) - 600 pesos.Sauce (1 portion) - 200 pesos.

According to the above, the total value of a hamburger would be:

500 + 200 + 200 + 4,500 + 600 + 200 = 6,200 pesos.

Now we need to compare the value in the restaurant with the value in the bulk store.

15,000 pesos - 6,200 pesos = 8,800 pesos.

So, the savings would be 8,800 pesos if we decide to buy the ingredients to prepare the hamburger instead of buying it in a restaurant. We would also have more ingredients to make more hamburgers.

Learn more about price in: https://brainly.com/question/19091385

#SPJ1

Which school of thought emphasized the development of a healthy and effectively-functioning person?

Answers

Answer: Humanistic psychology.

Anorexia nervosa can be defined as

Answers

Answer:

an eating disorder or a phobia of gaining weight

Explanation:

Which assessment finding 1 hour after birth should be reported to the health care provider?

Answers

If the Fundus of uterus is palpable at the level of the umbilicus during assessment 1 hour after childbirth, it should be reported to the health care provider.

What is the Fundus of the uterus?

The Fundus of the uterus or the the opening of the uterus is the top part of the uterus that is across from the cervix. It is also known as the opening of the womb.

The Fundus of the uterus is the opening through which the baby in the womb leaves the womb.

During and immediately after childbirth, several assessments are made on the mother to determine her health status. These assessments include:

vaginal bleeding,uterine contraction,fundal height,temperature and heart rate

An especially important finding which when found 1 hour after childbirth that must be reported to the health care provider is if the Fundus of uterus is palpable at the level of the umbilicus.

In conclusion, assessment of a mother after childbirth is important to ensure no complications occur.

Learn more about childbirth at: https://brainly.com/question/1259611

#SPJ1

The nursing instructor is explaining osteoarthritis to a group of student nurses. During the practicum, the instructor asks a student nurse to assess a client for symptoms of osteoarthritis. Which action by the student nurse indicates effective learning?.

Answers

The action of the nursing student that indicates effective learning is when he is able to identify the signs and symptoms of the disease such as: joint pain, which starts gradually and increases in intensity over the years, Stiffness and decreased joint mobility, Loss of flexibility, Clicks and crackles in the joint and Swelling, when there is inflammation.

What is osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (arthrosis) is a disease characterized by the wear and tear of articular cartilage and bone changes, including osteophytes, commonly known as "parrot's beaks". A can be divided into without a known cause (called primary) or with a known cause (called secondary).

With this information, we can conclude that Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by cartilage degeneration accompanied by changes in neighboring bone structures.

Learn more about articular cartilage in brainly.com/question/4422557

#SPJ1

Complete quenstion:The nursing instructor is explaining osteoarthritis to a group of student nurses. During the practicum, the instructor asks a student nurse to assess a client for symptoms of osteoarthritis. Which action by the student nurse indicates effective learning? Select all that apply.

Asking the client if he or she is experiencing muscle pain

Asking the client if he or she has experienced an increase in body temperature

Asking the client if he or she feels tired without much physical work

Asking the client if he or she is experiencing joint pain

Asking the client if he or she has a family history of autoimmune disease"

Mike has been experiencing some conflict with sergio. which factors are causing the peer conflict? check all that apply. mike is feeling jealous of the time sergio is spending with will. sergio’s interests have changed. sergio is being disloyal to mike by becoming friends with will. sergio and mike may no longer share the same values. sergio has changed for the worse.

Answers

The factors which are causing the peer conflict include:

Mike is feeling jealous of the time Sergio is spending with Will.Sergio’s interests have changed.Sergio and Mike may no longer share the same values.

What is Peer conflict?

This is referred to a disagreement between peers as a result of several factors.

The factors which causes Mike conflict with Sergio include them not having the similar interests and values.

Read more about Peer conflict here https://brainly.com/question/18896662

#SPJ1

Answer:

A,B,E

Explanation:

Which actions are ways to stay safe in the event of a terrorist attack? Check all that apply.

Answers

Prevent, Protect, Pursue, and Respond, the four pillars of the EU's Counter-Terrorism Strategy, make up a thorough and appropriate response to the global terrorist threat.

If a Terrorist Event Occurs - Be patient and keep your cool.
heed the advice of the emergency personnel in your area.
For news and directions, tune in to the radio or television.
If it happens nearby, look for injuries. Give first aid and seek assistance for those who are gravely hurt.
Use a flashlight to scan your home for damage if a terrorism incident happens there while you are there. Never use candles, matches, or electrical switches. Verify your home for any flames, fire hazards, and other dangers. Start by sniffing around the water heater for gas leaks. Turn off the main gas valve, open windows, and get everyone outdoors right once if you smell gas or think there might be a leak.
Turn off any additional compromised utilities.

To learn more about Terrorism please visit -
https://brainly.com/question/9027011
#SPJ1

A/an ____________________ is a small bump that itches and often appears as a symptom of an allergic reaction.

Answers

A Hives is a small bump that itches and often appears as a symptom of an allergic reaction.

What are hives?

Urticaria, often known as hives, is a skin response that results in itchy welts. Hives that last longer than six weeks and frequently recur over the course of months or years are referred to as chronic hives. The root reason for persistent hives is frequently unclear. Regarding allergies, hives may be brought on by things like pollen, drugs, food, pet dander, and bug bites. In addition to allergies, other conditions can also result in hives. Hives are a frequent reaction to stress, tight clothing, physical activity, diseases, and infections.

Hives that are not severe can last for a few days. Hives that are severe can last for around six weeks. The majority of the time, hives go away on their own, however, antihistamine drugs frequently assist to reduce symptoms.

Learn more about hives here:

https://brainly.com/question/2530271

#SPJ1

In which of the following ways does a drug affect the body?

stimulates a chemical reaction by a cell or disease causing agent
blocks a chemical reaction by a cell or disease causing agent
absorbs a cell or disease causing agent
discards a cell or disease causing agent

Answers

Explanation:

stimulates a chemical reaction by a cell or disease causing agents

The major types of symptoms noted in schizophrenia include?

Answers

Answer:

1. Hallucinations.

2. Delusions.

3. Confused thoughts and disorganized speech. ...

4. Trouble concentrating. ...

5. Movement disorders.

What is the most common biological cause of erectile failure in men

Answers

The most common biological cause of erectile failure in men is referred to as Atherosclerosis.

What is Atherosclerosis?

This is referred to as the clogging of the arteries with substances such as cholesterol etc thereby narrowing blood flow.

When an individual has this condition there is limited blood flow to the genitals which results in erectile failure in men.

Read more about Atherosclerosis here https://brainly.com/question/1382544

#SPJ1

A new graduate nurse is preparing to hang oxytocin for a woman to augment her labor. What action by the new nurse warrants intervention from the preceptor?

Answers

The graduate nurse programs the oxytocin on the IV pump as a primary infusion. On a pump, oxytocin is administered as a supplementary infusion. The preceptor should step in when the new nurse schedules as the main infusion. The closest IV port has to have oxytocin added to it.

The steps to be followed in the process:

The FHR and uterine activity should be evaluated before initiating the infusion. Uterine contractions are induced by oxytocin. To ensure a secure induction, check the client's pulse and blood pressure every hour. Consciously keep an eye on FHR and uterine contractions. A contraction should last no more than 70 seconds, happen no more frequently than once every two minutes, and be no stronger than 50 mm Hg. Every 15 minutes during active labour and every 5 minutes during the transition, the FHR must be monitored and recorded.

To know more about oxytocin click here

brainly.com/question/1996049

#SPJ4

You have broken your left ankle in three places. the repair will require surgery. in order to learn the extent of the injury and then monitor the healing process after the surgery, images of the broken ankle are needed. which method (mri, ct scan, or x-rays) is the best to use for this type of injury? include a discussion of the pros and cons of each technology to support your decision.

Answers

The method that would be used best used for this injury is X- ray.

What is X-ray diagnostic machine?

An X-ray diagnostic machine is a machine that can be used to release low grade of radiation to a particular part of the body.

The advantages of using an x-ray machine are:

They are used to identify cracks, for infections, to identify level of injury, and to identify abnormal bones.

The disadvantages of x-ray machine are:

Due to its radiation, it mutates cells which causes ionisation. This often leads to cancer.

Learn more about radiation here:

https://brainly.com/question/893656

#SPJ1

Other Questions
What is the justification for step 2? 4(x-5)= -12 Justification Step 1: 4x-20=-12 Distributive Property Step 2 4x= 8 ? Step 3 x=2 Division Property of Equality Help plssssssssssssss? i really need help ASAP, its due on midnight Houa has an action figure collection. She keeps some in a display case and the rest on the wall. 82 of her action figures are on the wall, and 59% of her action figures are in the display case. What is the total number of action figures in Houa's collection?Please help, would be appreciated :) can some one help me please....step by step explanation........ what do you see in this picture How do i identify the minimum Ms. Halloween works in a factory. She receives a salary of $9.10 per hour and piecework pay of 15 cents per unit produced. Last week she worked 40 hours and produced 988 units. a. What was her piecework pay? What was her total hourly pay for the week? What was her total pay for the week? b. If her boss offered to pay her a straight $13 per hour and no piecework pay for the week, would she earn more or less than under the piecework pay system? c. What would her total weekly salary have been if she produced 0 units? Answer this pleaseeeee past due Getting paid to do something you love doesn't feel like work why are new intellectual ideas always controversial and difficult to accept? Calculate the slope of the graph please please help! i just answered a few questions just to post this im using all my points. HELP! THIS IS DUE IN LESS THAN 20 MINUTES! PLEASE!!! I'M ALREADY BEHIND AND THIS WILL SET ME BACK EVEN MORE!!! 25 POINTS ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST IF YOU ANSWER THISChoose a country from anywhere in the world.First, find a map of the country you select and choose 10 of its cities.Second, research the climates of each city and choose a weather condition for each.Third, decorate the map with pictures of those weather conditions.Write a sentence in Spanish on the map describing the weather in each city.please answer all There is a between the story he told yesterday and the one he is telling today, so weare not sure what to believecomparisondenialcontradictionsimilarity2345AND ENG The circumference of a circle is 31.4 inches. Enter the radius of the circle, in inches. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. a que numero micro corresponde 7/2 cules seran algunos de los complementos y aparatos ms utilizados en la clase de educacin fsica para la prctica de la gimnasia???????? Ayuda!!!!!!; Which statement below do you think W.E.B. Du Bois would support? Cite evidence from primary source document A and/or B to support your claims: (Please highlight the statement you think Du Bois would support.) Political power and civil rights must be earned, and they are the results from struggle and self improvement. Political power and civil rights must be demanded. African Americans must seize them from American society and should have already earned them by virtue of citizenship.