please help me. especially with figuring out c

Answer:

In effusion, a substance escapes through a tiny pinhole, or other hole whereas diffusion is the spreading out of a substance within a dispersing medium.

Effusion and diffusion are similar in terms of rates and speeds.

Explanation:

According to effusion, if there is a small hole in a container, a gas will leak from it. So, in this process a substance escapes through a tiny pinhole, or other hole.

According to diffusion, the two solutions will reach the lowest possible concentration of both, if they are combined and not mixed. So, diffusion is the spreading out of a substance within a dispersing medium.

Effusion and diffusion are similar in terms of rates and speeds.

Answer:

Explanation:

D

Answer:

decreases

Explanation:

The higher the entropy, the more unpredictable and the more random a value is, this is because entropy describes disorder of a system. If things are less random, that means they are predictable, which means they are more ordered.

Answer:

The concentration of hydronium ions and the pH value is related by the equation: pH=-Log[H+]

Explanation:

We have two different concepts pH and concentration of hydronium ions. Lets start with the hydronium ion.

An hydronium ion is a species that is produced by an acid:

[tex]HA~->~H^+~+~A^-[/tex]

Aditionally, we can have the production of hydroxide ions. The subtances that have the capacity to produce this ions are called "bases":

[tex]BOH~->~B^+~+~OH^-[/tex]

Now we can continue "pH"

The pH is a scale that indicates if the substance is and acid (higher concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex]), neutral (equal amounts of [tex]H+[/tex] and [tex]OH^-[/tex]) or basic (higher amount of [tex]OH^-[/tex]).

Finally, the "pH" is calculated with the concentration of the hydronium ions (

[tex]H^+[/tex]), the letter "p" is "-Log", therefore:

[tex]pH=-Log[H^+] [/tex]

I hope it helps!

Answer:

r= 3 inches

Explanation:

V= (4/3)*pi* r^3

113.04= (4/3)*3.14*r^3

113.04*(3/4)= 3.14*r^3

84.78 = 3.14*r^3

84.78/3.14 = r^3

27 = r^3 Take the cubed root of both sides.

r = 3 inches

The compound whose dissolution is exothermic in the list is NaOH.

An exothermic reaction is one in which heat is gven out in the process. In an exothermic reaction, the reaction vessel feels hot after the reaction is complete.

The table is not shown here. However, we know that the dissolution of NaOH in water is an exothermic process hence the answer is option C.

Learn more about exothermic reaction: https://brainly.com/question/14969584

Answer:

Sn2–

Explanation:

The formula of the ion when tin achieves a stable electron configuration is Sn⁴⁺. Therefore, option (C) is correct.

Tin is a element with the atomic number 50 and the chemical symbol Sn. Tin is present in group 14 as a post-transition metal. Tin has two common oxidation states, +2 and +4. The oxidation state +4 of tin metal is somewhat more stable.

Sn⁴⁺ ion is chemically comparable to both of its neighbor germanium and lead in group 14. The electronic configuration of the tin metal is [Kr] 4d¹⁰5s²5p². It has four electrons in its valence shell so when it losses four electrons it gets configuration with fully filled subshells.

Sn²⁺ is called the stannous ion, while its compound SnCl₂ is known as stannous chloride.  Sn⁴⁺ is called the stannic ion, while its compound SnCl⁴ is stannic chloride which is a volatile liquid.

Learn more about tin metal, here:

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Answer:

Option A: It is likely that more rock candy will be formed in batch A.

Explanation:

The difference between batch A and batch B is that batch A uses temperature to dissolve the sugar, while the dissolution of the sugar in batch B is produced at room temperature.

When he use temperature (hot water) to dissolve the sugar he is increasing the solubility of the sugar in the water, so in batch A we will have more quantity of sugar dissolved than in the batch B. The cooling of the solution at room temperature favors the formation of bigger sugar crystals in the process of crystallization.

From all of the above, the correct predicted observation is the option A: It is likely that more rock candy will be formed in batch A, for the increase of the solubility by the use of hot water. Also, you say that Rock candy is formed when excess sugar is dissolved in hot water followed by crystallization.

I hope it helps you!  

Answer:

see explaination

Explanation:

Please kindly check attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem

Answer:

Van't Hoff factor of KBr is 1.63

Explanation:

Freezing point depression due the addition of a solute follows the formula:

ΔT = Kf×m×i

Where ΔT is change in freezing point, Kf is freezing point depression constant of the solvent X, m is molality of the solution (mol / kg) and i is Van't Hoff factor.

Moles of 177g of alanine (Molar mass: 89.09g/mol) are:

177g × (1mol / 89.09g) = 1.99 moles. In 0.800kg:

1.99mol / 0.800kg = 2.49m

Replacing in freezing point depression formula:

5.9°C = Kf×2.49m×1

Alinine has a Van't Hoff factor of 1

The Kf of the solvent is:

2.37 °C/m

Molality of the 177.0g of KBr solution (Molar mass: 119g/mol) is:

177.0g × (1mol / 119g) = 1.487 moles / 0.800kg = 1.859m

And the freezing point depression formula is:

7.2°C = 2.37°C/m×1.859m×i

1.63 = i

Van't Hoff factor of KBr is 1.63

Answer:

Gneiss is a foliated metamorphic rock

Explanation:

Gneiss  is a high grade metamorphic rock, meaning that it has been subjected to higher temperatures and pressures .

Answer:

that is a solid and that there are other ways to make a fire?

Answer:

210 amps

Explanation:

B

Answer:

Structural formulas are the graphical representation of chemical compunds and shows the chemical bonds between the atoms of a molecule.

structural formulas of following compunds is attached below:

2,4-dimethylhexane - C8H18, it will have single bonds between carbon atom and will have methyl group at position 2 and 4 carbon.

4-methyl-2-pentene - C6H12, it will have double bond at 2nd carbon and methyl group at 4th carbon.

4-chloro-7-methyl-2-nonyne - C10H17Cl, it will have triple bond at 2nd position, chloride group at 4th carbon and a methyl group at 7th carbon.

Answer:

2HCI + Na2S ----> H2S + 2NaCl

Explanation:

For a balanced chemical equation, the number of moles of atoms on the reaction side must equal the number of moles of atoms on the product side, in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.

The correct answer is:

2HCI + Na2S ----> H2S + 2NaCl

Since it has equal number of moles of each atom on both sides of the equation: 2 atoms each of hydrogen, chlorine, and sodium on both sides of the equation as well as 1 atom of sulphur on both sides of the equation.

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

Please kindly check attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem

Since there has been a rise in the reaction temperature, there has been an exothermic reaction.

The amount of heat energy released in the second step has been -132.54 kJ.

The reaction enthalpy per mole has been -1160.85 kJ/mol.

(a) To determine whether the reaction has been exothermic or endothermic, the heat absorbed or released has been calculated.

Since there has been a rise in the temperature of the solution with the combustion, the reaction has been termed as the exothermic reaction.

(b) Amount of heat released in second experiment:

In the bomb calorimeter:

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n\;+\;q_b_o_m_b\;+\;q_w_a_t_e_r\;=\;0[/tex]

q = mc[tex]\Delta[/tex]T

q = 1500 g × 4.184 J/g.[tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] × (36.99 - 10[tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] )

[tex]\rm q_w_a_t_e_r[/tex] = 169389.24 J.

q = C [tex]\Delta[/tex]T

q = c (36.99 - 10[tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] )

[tex]\rm q_b_o_m_b\;[/tex] = 26.99 [tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] × c

q = mass × heat of combustion of benzoic acid

q = 7.5 g × 26.454 kJ/g

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n[/tex] = 198405 J

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n\;+\;q_b_o_m_b\;+\;q_w_a_t_e_r\;=\;0[/tex]

[tex]\rm q_b_o_m_b\;[/tex] = - ([tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n\;+\;q_w_a_t_e_r[/tex])

[tex]\rm q_b_o_m_b\;[/tex] = - (198405 J + 169389.24 J )

[tex]\rm q_b_o_m_b\;[/tex] = 29015.76 J.

[tex]\rm q_b_o_m_b\;[/tex] = 26.99 [tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] × c

29015.76 J = 26.99 [tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] × c

c of bomb = 1075.05 J/[tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex].

For the second reaction of combustion of ethanol:

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n\;+\;q_b_o_m_b\;+\;q_w_a_t_e_r\;=\;0[/tex]

q = mc[tex]\Delta[/tex]T

q = 1500 g × 4.184 J/g.[tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] × (28.03 - 10[tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] )

[tex]\rm q_w_a_t_e_r[/tex] = 113156.28 J.

q = C [tex]\Delta[/tex]T

q = 1075.05 J/[tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] × (28.03 - 10[tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] )

[tex]\rm q_b_o_m_b\;[/tex] = 19383.15 J

Moles of ethanol = [tex]\rm \dfrac{weight}{molecular\;weight}[/tex]

Moles of ethanol = [tex]\rm \dfrac{5.26\;g}{46.07\;g/mol}[/tex]

Moles of ethanol = 0.11417 mol.

q = moles of ethanol × [tex]\Delta[/tex]H of reaction

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n[/tex] = 0.11417  × [tex]\Delta[/tex]H of reaction

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n\;+\;q_b_o_m_b\;+\;q_w_a_t_e_r\;=\;0[/tex]

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n[/tex] = - ([tex]\rm q_b_o_m_b\;[/tex] + [tex]\rm q_w_a_t_e_r[/tex])

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n[/tex] = - (19383.15 J +  113156.28 J)

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n[/tex] = -132539.43 J

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n[/tex] = -132.54 kJ.

The amount of heat energy released in the second step has been -132.54 kJ.

(c) The  reaction enthalpy per mole can be given as:

[tex]\rm q_r_e_a_c_t_i_o_n[/tex] = 0.11417 mol  × [tex]\Delta[/tex]H of reaction

-132.54 kJ = 0.11417 mol  × [tex]\Delta[/tex]H of reaction

[tex]\Delta[/tex]H of reaction = -1160.85 kJ/mol.

The reaction enthalpy per mole has been -1160.85 kJ/mol.

Since there has been a rise in the reaction temperature, there has been an exothermic reaction.

The amount of heat energy released in the second step has been -132.54 kJ.

The reaction enthalpy per mole has been -1160.85 kJ/mol.

For more information about the reaction in the bomb calorimeter, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/14989357

Answer:

[tex]\mathbf{t_2 = 75.696 \ min}[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question:

The outer surface of a steel gear is to be hardened by increasing its carbon content

Given that :

Diffusion of heat temperature at [tex]T_1[/tex] 850 °C  = 1123 K

Diffusion time [tex]t_1[/tex] = 10 min

diffusion after the carbon concentration at a position [tex]x_1[/tex] ( 1.0 mm) below the surface =  0.90 wt%

Preexponential = 1.1 × 10⁻⁶ m²/s

Activation Energy [tex]Q_d[/tex] = 87400 J/mol

We are to determine the time [tex]t_2[/tex] at 650  °C (923 K) to achieve the same diffusion result as at 850 °C (1123 K) for [tex]t_1[/tex] = 10 min

Considering Fick's second law for the condition of Constant surface concentration; we have:

[tex]\frac{Cx-C_0}{C_s-C_0} = 1-erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{Dt} } )[/tex]   ------ equation (1)

where;

[tex]C_0 =[/tex] concentration of the diffusing solute atom before diffusion

[tex]C_s[/tex] = Constant surface concentration

[tex]C_x[/tex] = Concentration at depth x after time t

[tex]erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{Dt} } )[/tex] = Gaussian error function

At some desired specific  concentration of solute [tex]C_1[/tex] in an alloy ; the left side of the above equation (1) thus becomes constant ;

i.e [tex]\frac{Cx-C_0}{C_s-C_0} = \mathbf{ constant}[/tex]

Then ;  [tex]\frac{x}{2\sqrt{Dt} }[/tex] = constant

[tex]\frac{x^2}{Dt}[/tex] = constant

Dt = constant

Thus; [tex]D_1t_1 = D_2t_2[/tex]

Therefore, the time [tex]t_2[/tex] at 650°C([tex]T_2[/tex] = 923 K) required to produce the same diffusion on result as at 850°C ([tex]T_1[/tex] = 1123 K) for [tex]t_1[/tex] = 10 min is [tex]t_2 = \frac{D_1t_1}{D_2}[/tex]

We need to first determine the Diffusion coefficient at 1123 K and 923 K ( i.e [tex]D_1[/tex]  and  [tex]D_2[/tex])

At [tex]T_1[/tex] = 1123 K , Diffusion coefficient [tex]D_1[/tex] is calculated by the equation [tex]D_1 = D_0 exp ( - \frac{Q_d}{RT_1})[/tex]       (equation from temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient)

[tex]D_1 = 1.1 * 10^{-6} \ exp ( - \frac{87,400}{8.314*1123} )[/tex]

[tex]D_1 = 9.462*10^{-11} \ m^2/s[/tex]

[tex]D_2 = D_0 exp ( - \frac{Q_d}{RT_2})[/tex]

[tex]D_2 = 1.1 * 10^{-6} \ exp ( - \frac{87,400}{8.314*923} )[/tex]

[tex]D_2 = 1.25*10^{-11} m^2/s[/tex]

[tex]t_2 = \frac{ 9.462*10^{-11}*10}{ 1.25*10^{-11} }[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{t_2 = 75.696 \ min}[/tex]

Answer:

The correct answer is the imperial system.

Explanation:

Only three countries in the world, that is, the United States, Myanmar, and Liberia use the imperial system. These include measurements in the form of inches, ounces, Fahrenheit, and feet. In the imperial system, the distances, height, weight, or area measurements are used eventually that traced back to everyday items or parts of the body.  

In comparison to other metric systems, the units used in the imperial system are not further differentiated easily into parts of hundreds or thousands, and are thus, regarded of less use in comparison to other metric systems by some. The real follower of the imperial system at present in the world is the United States.  

Answer: The temperature rise is [tex]0.53^0C[/tex]

Explanation:

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius is called the specific heat capacity.

[tex]Q=m\times c\times \Delta T[/tex]

Q = Heat absorbed by ice = 5280 J

m = mass of ice = 2.40 kg = 2400 g   (1kg=1000g)

c = heat capacity of water = [tex]4.18J/g^0C[/tex]

Initial temperature  = [tex]T_i[/tex]

Final temperature = [tex]T_f[/tex]  

Change in temperature ,[tex]\Delta T=T_f-T_i=?[/tex]

Putting in the values, we get:

[tex]5280J=2400g\times 4.18J/g^0C\times \Delta T[/tex]

[tex]\Delta T=0.53^0C[/tex]

Thus the temperature rise is [tex]0.53^0C[/tex]

Answer: 0.580 C

Explanation: On Ck-12 I got it right sooo...

Answer:

Q = 21.896kJ

Explanation:

Q = ?

∇U = 21.39kJ

W = ?

W = P∇V

W = P (V2 - V1)

W = 0.276 × (1.876 - 0.04232)

W = 0.276 × 1.83368

W = 0.5060J

Q = ∇U + W

Q = 21.39 + 0.5060

Q = 21.896kJ

The energy change corresponds to the work done by the system

Answer:

[tex]\Delta E=21.34kJ[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, we should apply the first law of thermodynamics to compute the energy change:

[tex]\Delta E=Q-W[/tex]

Thus, with the given volume change we compute the corresponding work in kJ:

[tex]W=P\Delta V=0.276atm*(1.876L-0.0432L)*\frac{101.325kPa}{1atm}*\frac{1m^3}{1000L}=0.0513kJ[/tex]

Then, we compute the energy change:

[tex]\Delta E=21.39kJ-0.0512kJ\\\\\Delta E=21.34kJ[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

Coal; H2SO4(sulfuric acid)

Explanation:

Coal has been very helpful in power generation for decades. It has also become a major contributor to global warming, and has major negative effects on human health and the environment.

Coal is formed when dead plant matter submerged in swamp environments is subjected to the geological forces of heat and pressure over hundreds of millions of years. Over time, the plant matter transforms from moist, low-carbon peat, to coal, an energy- and carbon-dense black or brownish-black sedimentary rock.

There are many types of coal. Each type of coal must contain sulfur, which, when burned, releases toxic air pollution. The extent Sulfur content in a given coal sample is largely decided by the conditions under which the coal is formed. Low-sulfur coal usually develop in freshwater environments; high-sulfur coals are formed in brackish swamps.

The burning of coal releases its sulphur content as oxides of sulphur (SOx). These oxides of sulphur dissolve in rain water to form acid rain. Hence rain falling around the Colstrip power plant will contain H2SO4 resulting from the dissolution of SOx in rain droplets.

Answer:

[tex]V_2=9.97L[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, we can apply the Boyle's law in order to understand the pressure-volume relationship as an inversely proportional relationship:

[tex]P_1V_1=P_2V_2[/tex]

Thus, we can solve for the resulting volume at the second state as follows:

[tex]V_2=\frac{P_1V_1}{P_2}=\frac{5.0L*760torr}{389tor} \\\\V_2=9.97L[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

Yes it is. 0.34 kg = 340 g (Kilograms and grams)

Explanation:

When we convert from kg to grams we multiply by 1000 because kilo mean 1000.

0.34*1000= 340

Answer:

Half-lives of first order reactions

[A]1/2[A]o=12=e−kt1/2.

ln0.5=−kt.

t1/2=ln2k≈0.693k.

Answer:

In this reaction, [tex]6\; \rm mol[/tex] of [tex]\rm N_2[/tex]  will react with [tex]18\; \rm mol[/tex] of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex].

Explanation:

In the balanced equation for this reaction, the ratio between the coefficient of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex] and [tex]\rm N_2[/tex] is [tex]3 : 1[/tex]. That is: [tex]n(\mathrm{H_2}) : n(\mathrm{N_2}) = 3:1[/tex]. That's the same as saying that for every one mole of [tex]\rm N_2[/tex] consumed, three moles of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex] will be consumed.

Rewrite this ratio as a fraction:

[tex]\displaystyle \frac{n(\mathrm{H_2})}{n(\mathrm{N_2})} = \frac{3}{1}[/tex].

Take the reciprocal of both sides to obtain:

[tex]\displaystyle \frac{n(\mathrm{N_2})}{n(\mathrm{H_2})} = \frac{1}{3}[/tex].

It is given that [tex]18\; \rm mol[/tex] of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex] was consumed; in other words, [tex]n(\mathrm{H_2}) = 18\; \rm mol[/tex]. The question is asking for [tex]n(\mathrm{N_2})[/tex], the number of moles of [tex]\rm N_2[/tex] required. Apply this ratio:

[tex]\begin{aligned}n(\mathrm{N_2}) &= n(\mathrm{H_2}) \cdot \frac{n(\mathrm{N_2})}{n(\mathrm{H_2})}\\ &= 18\; \rm mol \times \frac{1}{3} = 6\; \rm mol\end{aligned}[/tex].

Hence the conclusion: in this reaction, it will take (at least) [tex]6\; \rm mol[/tex] of [tex]\rm N_2[/tex] to react with [tex]18\; \rm mol[/tex] of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex].

Answer:

Warm

Explanation: because it would be less hot air population

Explanation:

when NaSO4 added, Ca2+ + SO42- = CaSO4

and Calcium sulphate is a white insoluble precipitate

when NaCO3 added, Fe2+ + CO32- = FeCO3

and it is a green precipitate