Answer:
Fractional distillation
Explanation:
The process of separating petroleum products into its fractions is called fractional distillation.
Fractional distillation is a method of separating a mixture of substances based on the differences in their boiling points.
Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons separated in a large fractionation tower having many trays maintained at different temperatures.
As the vapor containing the petroleum mixture ascends the fractionation tower, the mixture is separated at each tray to yield the various fractions of petroleum.
energy released as a gas changes to a liquid?
As a gas condenses to a liquid it releases the thermal energy it absorbed to become a gas. During this process the temperature of the substance does not change.
What is energy changes?
Energy changes is the process of changing energy from one form to another.
Energy is used to break bonds in reactants and energy is released when new bonds form in products. Energy may change form during a chemical reaction but the same amount of energy remains after the reaction as before. The law of conservation of energy states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
Therefore, the conversion of one form of energy into another is energy changes.
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Given the following reactants, finish and balance the reaction:
Ca(s) + HCl(aq) -->
A. Ca + 2 HCl --> CaCl2 + H2
B. 2 Ca + 2 HCl --> 2 CaCl + H2
C. Ca + HCl --> CaCl + H
D. Ca + 2 HCl --> CaCl2 + 2H
The correct balanced equation for the reaction of Ca(s) and HCl(aq) is:
D. Ca(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ---> CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)
What is chemical reaction?Chemical reaction, the transformation of one or more chemicals (the reactants) into one or more distinct compounds (the products). Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances. In a chemical reaction, the atoms that make up the reactants are rearranged to produce various products.
Chemical reactions are a fundamental component of life itself, as well as technology and culture. Burning fuels, smelting iron, creating glass and pottery, brewing beer, making wine, and making cheese are just a few examples of ancient processes that involved chemical reactions. The Earth's geology, the atmosphere, the oceans, and a wide variety of intricate processes that take place in all living systems are rife with chemical reactions.
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A carbon atom has a relative atomic mass of 13.5. 60% of the carbon atom has a mass number of 12.8, 30% of the carbon atom has a mass number of 13.8, whilst the remaining 10% has a mass number which is not known.
Calculate the mass number of the carbon isotope which is 10% of the Carbon 13.5 atom.
Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
The mass of the unknown isotope is 16.8.
What is the mass of the unknown isotope?Let us know that the relative atomic mass would be the weighted average of all the atomic masses of the elements that we have in the question as it has been stated.
Now we can see that we need to collect the masses of all the isotopes because;
Relative atomic mass = Weighted sum of the masses of all the isotopes
Thus;
13.5 = (0.6 * 12.8) + (0.3 * 13.8) + (0.1 * x)
x = mass of the unknown isotope
x = 13.5 - (7.68 + 4.14)/0.1
x = 16.8
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Psolvent = X Solvent x Po Psolute = X x Po Psolvet =(1-X ) x Po Delta P = Po Solvent-Psolvent = X x Po Complete the subscript on the following equations above with: Solution or Solvent or Solute
The equations of vapor pressure are :
P solvent = X solvent × P° solventP solute = X solute × P° soluteP solvent = 1 - X solute × P° solventΔP = P° solvent - P solvent = X solute × P° solventThe colligative properties of the solutions , depend upon the concentration of the solute and not depend of the identity of solute.
The vapor pressure equations are given as :
1) The P° solvent is the pure solvent, X solvent is the mole fraction of the solvent. The equation is given as :
P solvent = X solvent × P° solvent2) The P° solute is the pure solute and the X solute is the mole fraction of the solute. The equation is :
P solute = X solute × P° solute3) X solvent + X solute = 1 , the equation is :
P solvent = 1 - X solute × P° solvent4) ΔP = P° solvent - P solvent = X solute × P° solvent
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Under certain conditions, 2,4-hexadiendial can function both as a diene and a dienophile. Draw a structural formula for the Diels-Alder adduct formed by reaction of 2,4-hexadiendial with itself.
A conjugated diene and an alkene (dienophile) react to generate unsaturated six-membered rings in the Diels-Alder reaction. The reaction is also known as a "cycloaddition" because it results in the production of a cyclic product via a cyclic transition state.
Bicyclic structures with substituents in the endo position are more likely to arise during Diels-Alder reactions involving cyclic dienes. Diels-Alder reactions can only occur in conjugated dienes with the s-cis structure. A diene cannot conduct a Diels-Alder reaction if it is not conjugated or cannot be in the s-cis configuration. Ring-bound dienes are unable to spin and are thus locked in either an s-cis or an s-trans conformation.
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howany grams of carbon dioxide CO2 is produced when 3.5 moles of octane C8H18 is burned ?
Answer:
1232 g of carbon dioxide are formed
Explanation:
As octane is being burned it would be combustion reaction.
writing the balanced equation:
C8H18 + 25/2 O2 → 9 H2O + 8 CO2
now stepping up mole ratio from the balanced equation:
moles of octane : moles of carbon dioxide
1 : 8
3.5 : X
X = 3.5 x 8 = 28
therefore when 3.5 moles of octane are burned in air 28 moles of carbon dioxide are evolved.
now in order to calculate the mass of CO2 formed
molar mass of CO2 = 12 + (16 x 2) = 44g
now calculating the mass of 28 moles:
moles : mass
1 : 44 g
28 : X
X = 28 x 44 = 1232 g
1232 g of CO2 are formed
There are ___ x 1024 molecules and ___ x 1024 atoms in 2 moles of NH3.
** To convert molecules to atoms, you have to multiply the number of molecules (your 1st answer) by the number of atoms in a single NH3 molecule.**
Round your answer to the tenths place.
There are 1.20×10²⁴ molecules and 3.60×10²⁴ atoms in 2 moles of NH[tex]_3[/tex]. The smallest unit of matter that may be split without producing electrically charged particles is the atom.
What is atom?The smallest unit of matter that may be split without producing electrically charged particles is the atom. It is also the smallest piece of substance with chemical element-like characteristics. As a result, the atom serves as the fundamental unit of chemistry.
Space makes up the majority of an atom. The remainder is made up of a cloud of electrons with negative charges around a positive-charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons.
1 mole of NH[tex]_3[/tex], contains 1 nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogen atom
2 mole of NH[tex]_3[/tex], contains 2 nitrogen atom and 6 hydrogen atom
2 mole of NH[tex]_3[/tex], contains 2×6.022×10²³=1.20×10²⁴ nitrogen atom and 6×6.022×10²³=3.60×10²⁴ hydrogen atom
Therefore, there are 1.20×10²⁴ molecules and 3.60×10²⁴ atoms in 2 moles of NH[tex]_3[/tex].
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According to the law of conservation of mass, matter can be ________
Answer: According to the law of conservation of mass, matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.
Explanation: The law of conservation of mass is one of the fundamental principles of physics, which states that the total mass of a closed system remains constant over time. In other words, matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another, such as through chemical reactions or nuclear reactions. This principle is based on the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who first proposed it in the 18th century.
How can I balance this?
The given chemical reaction can be balanced as written below:
[tex]\rm 4 Fe + 3O_{2} \rightarrow 2 Fe_{2}O_{3}[/tex].
What is a balanced chemical equation ?The balanced equation of a chemical reaction represents the perfect stoichiometry of all the reactants and products. Thus, the total mass in the reactant side must be equal to the total mass in the product side.
The number of each element in the reactant side must be equal with their number in the product side. In the given reaction, there are 2 Fe and 3 O in the product side.
To balance the number of oxygen, multiply by 3 in the reactant side and by 2 in the product side. Then we get 6 oxygens in both side. Now there are 4 Fe in the product side. Then put 4 to the Fe in the reactant side as written in the reaction above.
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how many moles of h are in one mole of the compound (nh4)3po4
A sample of ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4 contains 18 moles of hydrogen atoms.
What is (nh4)3po4?Ammonium phosphate is NH4PO4, in one particle of this, they are 4 hydrogen atoms. 1 mole = 6.022x10^23 atoms/molecules (Avogadro's constant). So, 2 moles of hydrogen in 1 mole of H2O. One mole of Water is collected from 1 mole of Oxygen and two moles of Hydrogen.
By this definition, one mole of hydrogen is 2.016 grams, one mole of methane is 16.043 grams, and one mole of water is 18.015 grams. n one mole of hydrogen atoms, there exist roughly 6.02⋅1023 hydrogen atoms. Use the mass of the hydrogen gas to compute the gas moles directly; divide the hydrogen weight by its molar mass of 2 g/mole. For instance, 250 grams (g) of hydrogen gas corresponds
So we can conclude that There are 2 moles of hydrogen in 1 mole of water.
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What ends of the sugars are removed when sugar molecules join to form either disaccharides or polysaccharides????
Answer:
an -OH end from one molecule and an H end from another
Explanation:
hope this helps
If the following elements are arranged by increasing atomic radius (from smallest to largest); F, B, Be, O, the correct order would be...
If the following elements are arranged by increasing atomic radius (from smallest to largest); F, B, Be, O, the correct order would be...F<O<B<Be.
What is Atomic radius ?A chemical element's atomic radius serves as a gauge for the size of its atoms.A chemical element's atomic radius, which is typically the average or typical distance between the nucleus's core and the outermost isolated electron. There are numerous non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius since the border is not a clearly defined physical entity.It also serves as a gauge for the size of an atom. Atomic radius of :F=42pmO=60pmB=85pmBe=112pmTo know more about atomic radius visit
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Draw all stereoisomers of 1,2-dichlorocyclohexane. Use bold andhashed wedges to indicate the stereochemistry.
Stereoisomers are isomers formed by the spacial arrangement of atoms. There are mainly two types of stereoisomers, they are enantiomers, which are the mirror images and diastereomers.
The cis and trans isomerism is a type of configurational isomerism. Cis means on the same side and trans means on the different side. In this case it indicates different planes. In theory we can rotate the atoms between cis and trans configuration, but in real world such a change would not happen, because this process require energy.
In the case of 1,2- Dichlorocyclohexane, there are three stereoisomers. There is one cis and two trans isomers. The three isomers are
(1-S,2-R) Dichlorocyclohexane(1-R,2-R) Dichlorocyclohexane(1-S, 2-S) DichlorocyclohexaneR-S and S-R isomers are interchangeable because they form superimposable mirror images.
So there are three stereoisomers in the case of 1,2 Dichlorocyclohexane.
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What kind of bond is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
s: How many moles of fluorine atoms are in 5.50 moles of Freon (CCl₂F2)?
The number of moles of fluorine atoms are in 5.50 moles of Freon is 11 moles.
What are the moles of a substance?The mole is the amount of a substance that contains exactly as many molecules, atoms, radicals, ions, or electrons as there are in 12 grams of 12C.
The moles of atoms of an element present in a compound is obtained from the formula of the compound.
The moles of fluorine atoms present in 5.50 moles of Freon (CCl₂F₂) is obtained as follows:
From the formula of Freon, there are 2 moles of fluorine atoms in 1 mole of Freon.
In 5.50 moles of Freon, there will be 5.5 * 2 moles of fluorine = 11 moles of fluorine atoms.
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A student has measured the volume of a sample of hydrogen gas and has found that
she has a total of 15.84 moles of the gas. What is the mass of this sample of
hydrogen gas? Please round your answer to two digits after the decimal point, and
remember to include correct, complete units (including substance formula).
The correct answer is 2.03×1/10² mol
500 cm³ = 0.5 L,760 mm of Hg=1 atm.
Now apply the ideal gas law, n= PV/RT
n= 1×0.5/ 0.0821×300
⟹n=2.03×10 ^−2 mol
What is the ideal gas law?
It is also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state for a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Avogadro's Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law.To know more about ideal gas law, click the link given below:
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A solid whose atoms,ions,or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.
Crystal solid is a solid whose atoms, ions or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.
Atoms, ions, and molecules are grouped in a highly ordered microscopic arrangement in repeated and consistent three-dimensional formations to create a crystal lattice, which can stretch in any direction.
A crystal structure is a type of solid state of matter that varies from liquid and gaseous states of matter in which the organization of atoms or molecules is random or haphazard. It is an organized arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a regular repeating pattern.
Triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal, and cubic crystal formations are also available. Groupings of lattices and lines identify a family of crystals.
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What is the mole fraction of water in methanol when 18 grams of h2o is added to 32 grams of methanol, ch3oh?
atomic weight of H2O=18
atomic weight of methanol=32
mole =gram weight/atomic weight
mole of H2O = 18/18=1
mole of CH3OH =32/32=1
mole fraction of H2O = mole of H2O/mole of H2O+mole of CH3OH
mole fraction of H2O=1/1+1=1/2=0.5
What is Mole?Mole, also spelled mol, in chemistry, a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small entities such as atoms, molecules, or other specified particles.The mole designates an extremely large number of units, 6.02214076 × 1023. The General Conference on Weights and Measures defined the mole as this number for the International System of Units (SI) effective from May 20, 2019. The mole was previously defined as the number of atoms determined experimentally to be found in 12 grams of carbon-12.The number of units in a mole also bears the name Avogadro’s number, or Avogadro’s constant, in honour of the Italian physicist Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856). Avogadro proposed that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions contain the same number of molecules, a hypothesis that proved useful in determining atomic and molecular weights and which led to the concept of the mole.To learn more about Avogadro’s refer to:
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Explain how the size of the human population is affected by age structure, survivorship rate fertility, and migration. Make a prediction about the size of the human population. Justify your answer.
The size of the human population is affected by several factors, including age structure, survivorship rate, fertility, and migration.
Age structure refers to the distribution of individuals in a population by age. A population with a large proportion of young individuals is likely to have higher fertility rates and a higher potential for population growth. A population with a large proportion of older individuals is likely to have lower fertility rates and a lower potential for population growth.Survivorship rate refers to the likelihood of an individual surviving to a certain age. A population with a high survivorship rate is likely to have a larger population overall, as more individuals are living to reproductive age.What is the human population about?Fertility rate refers to the number of children born to women of childbearing age. A population with a high fertility rate is likely to have a higher potential for population growth.
Migration refers to the movement of individuals into or out of a population. A population with high levels of immigration is likely to have a higher potential for population growth, while a population with high levels of emigration is likely to have a lower potential for population growth.
Therefore, It is difficult to predict the size of the human population with certainty, as it depends on many complex factors and can be affected by unexpected events. However, based on current trends and projections, it is likely that the human population will continue to grow in the coming decades, although at a slower rate than in the past.
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What is the name given to compounds formed when elements or compounds react with oxygen?
Answer:
oxides
Explanation:
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How many grams of ammonia (NH3) can be produced from the reaction of 28 grams of nitrogen gas with an excess of hydrogen gas?
3H2 (g) + N2 (g) ----> 2 NH3 (g)
A. 5.05 gram NH3
B. 34.0 gram NH3
C. 17.0 gram NH3
D. 51.0 gram NH3
The grams of ammonia (NH₃) can be produced from the reaction of 28 grams of nitrogen gas with an excess of hydrogen gas is 34 g.
The reaction is given as :
3H₂ + N₂ ----> 2NH₃
The mass of the Nitrogen gas = 28 g
Moles of the N₂ = mass / molar mass
= 28 / 28 g/mol
= 1 mol
The 1 mole of the N₂ produces the 2 moles of the NH₃
Therefore , the moles of the NH₃ = 1 × 2
= 2 mol
The mass of the ammonia, NH₃ = moles × molar mass
= 2 × 17
= 34 g
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Germanium ( Ge ) is a solid where the atoms are bonded to each other much like those of carbon in a diamond
Germanium will be having highest melting point being exist in solid
What is Germanium?Germanium itself is classified as a metalloid. It's hard at room temperature and looks metallic with a shiny silvery grey finish, but it's a semiconductor, without some of the key properties of a metalgermanium (Ge), a chemical element between silicon and tin in Group 14 (IVa) of the periodic table, a silvery-gray metalloid, intermediate in properties between the metals and the nonmetalsThe beneficial effects of germanium administration described in the literature, concern its use to prevent or treat cancer, HIV infection, autoimmune diseases, arthritis, and senile osteoporosisGermanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white and similar in appearance to silicon.To learn more about Germanium refers to:
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an object has a fixed volume and shape before it changes state. After the change, it still has a fixed volume but can now change in shape. Which change of state has occurred?
A. gas to liquid
b. gas to plasma
c. solid to liquid
d. liquid to gas
The object with fixed volume and shape is a solid. When it converts to liquid, it miss the shape but still have a definite volume. Thus, the given phase transition is solid to liquid.
What is phase transition ?The transition of one state of matter to the other is called phase transition. For example the transition from liquid to solid or solid to gas etc. are phase transitions. Phase transitions are physical changes.
In solid state, the particles are closely packed with strong intermolecular forces. Thus, they have a definite shape and size. In liquid phase, the molecules have some space to move and they lack a perfect shape and assume the shape of the container.
The molecules in gas phase, are far apart and they don't have a shape and volume. Therefore, the given transition is from solid to liquid. Hence, option c is correct.
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Calculate the average velocity in m/y of a tectonic plate that ha travelled 9000 km to the outh in 60 million year
The average velocity of a tectonic plate that has travelled 9000 km to the south in 60 million years is 0.15 m/y.
Average velocity can be obtained by dividing the total which is displacement travelled by the total time taken to cover the displacement. Average velocity can be positive or negative it depends upon the sign of the displacement. SI unit of average velocity can be expressed in meters per second (m/s).
Total displacement = 9000 km
9000 × 1000 = 9000000 m
Total time = 60 million years
60000000 years
Ave. Velocity = Total displacement / total time
Ave. Velocity = 9000000 / 60000000
Ave. Velocity = 0.15 m/y
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Scientists have changed the model of the atom as they have gathered new evidence. One of the atomic models is shown below.
A purple ball in the center surrounded by overlapping concentric black ovals, each with a small green ball on each of the 6 ovals.
What experimental evidence led to the development of this atomic model from the one before it?
Every time a magnet was placed close to cathode rays, the same kind of bend occurred.
Describe cathode rays.
cathode ray, a stream of electrons exiting the cathode of a discharge tube that contains a gas at reduced pressure, or electrons released by a filament in some electron tubes.
What makes it a cathode?
Positively charged ions called cations give rise to cathodes, while anions give rise to anodes (negatively charged ions). The cathode is indeed the negative charges electrode in an electrically powered device.
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d mannose chair conformation:
The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is in the cis position to the group in the chair form for the -anomer of D-mannose.
An extremely stable conformation without torsional strain is thought to exist in the chair form of cyclohexane, D-mannose.
Each C-C bond in the six-membered ring that makes up the chair structure is spaced out differently. Mannose is a C2 epimer of glucose and belongs to the aldohexose family of carbohydrates.
D and L-mannose will be mirror images of one another because they are enantiomers. D-mannose will consequently have a structure that is identical to L-mannose.
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can the cells of a plant change with different types of plants
Answer: Yes, the cells of a plant can vary depending on the type of plant.
Explanation: All plants are made up of cells, which are the basic building blocks of life. These cells are organized into tissues and organs, which work together to allow the plant to perform functions such as photosynthesis and reproduction. However, different types of plants have evolved to have specific adaptations in their cells to suit their environment, for example, cactus have thick walls to survive in dry conditions and moss have small cells to absorb water quickly. As a result, the structure and function of plant cells can differ between different species of plants.
How many molecuses are in 2.3 mole of carbon dioxide?
What process is this balanced equation? I + I -> I 2
The process is this balanced equation is I₂ + I⁻ = I⁻₃. Molecules of elemental iodine are consist of two atoms of iodine.
What is iodine ?Iodine is highly stable halogen. The chemical element iodine have an atomic number 53. The symbol of iodine is "I". It is present in halogen group.
An iodine atom formed by gaining an electron due to its high electron affinity. When it accepts an electron it will become iodide ion (I⁻).
Thus, The process is this balanced equation is I₂ + I⁻ = I⁻₃. Molecules of elemental iodine are consist of two atoms of iodine.
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A gas at STP has a volume of 37.8 L. If the temperature is raised to 295 K and the pressure is changed to 50.0 kPa, what is the new volume of the gas?
When a gas at a given temperature and pressure is changed, the new volume of the gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law.
What is the new volume of the gas?The ideal gas law states that PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.Given the temperature and pressure of the gas, we can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for V: V = nRT / P. In this equation, n and R are constants. Since the new temperature and pressure are given, we can calculate the new volume of the gas:V = nRT / PV = (n)(0.08206 L•atm/mol•K)(295 K) / (50.0 kPa)V = 45.49 L Therefore, the new volume of the gas at 295 K and 50.0 kPa is 45.49 L, which is an increase of 7.7 L from the original volume of 37.8 L at STP. This is due to the fact that when the temperature and pressure of a gas are increased, the volume of the gas increases as well.To learn more about the ideal gas law refer to:
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