Answer:
Physical Properties of Alkanes : -
1. Structures of Alkanes
All the carbon atoms present in an alkane are s p 3. Hybridized that is, every carbon atom forms four sigma bonds with carbon or hydrogen atoms. General configuration of alkane is C n H 2 n + 2. They exhibit tetrahedral geometry with a bond angle of 109.47° between them. The methane molecule has a symmetrical tetrahedral structure.2. Solubility of Alkanes
Due to very little difference of electronegativity between carbon and hydrogen and covalent nature of C-C bond or C-H bond, alkanes are generally non-polar molecules. As we generally observe, polar molecules are soluble in polar solvents whereas non-polar molecules are soluble in non-polar solvents. Hence, alkanes are hydrophobic in nature that is, alkanes are insoluble in water. However, they are soluble in organic solvents as the energy required to overcome the existing Van Der Waals forces and generate new Van Der Waals forces is quite comparable.3. Boiling Point of Alkanes
As the intermolecular Van Der Waals forces increase with the increase of the molecular size or the surface area of the molecule we observe. The boiling point of alkanes increases with increasing molecular weight. The straight-chain alkanes are observed to have a higher boiling point in comparison to their structural isomers.4. Melting Point of Alkanes
The melting point of alkanes follows the same trend as their boiling point that is, it increases with an increase in molecular weight. This is attributed to the fact that higher alkanes are solids and it’s difficult to overcome intermolecular forces of attraction between them.It is generally observed that even-numbered alkanes have higher trend in melting point in comparison to odd-numbered alkanes as the even-numbered alkanes pack well in the solid phase, forming a well-organized structure which is difficult to break.Chemical Properties of Alkanes
Alkanes are the least reactive type of organic compound. Alkanes are not absolutely unreactive. Two important reactions that they undergo are combustion, which is the reaction with oxygen and halogenation, which is the reaction with halogens.
1. Combustion
A combustion reaction is a chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen that proceeds with the evolution of heat and light. Alkanes readily undergo combustion reactions when ignited. \When sufficient oxygen is present to support total combustion then carbon dioxide and water are the products.CH2 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + energy
2C6H14 + 19O2 → 12CO2 + 14H2O + energy
The exothermic nature of alkane combustion reactions explains the extensive use of alkanes as fuels. Natural gas, used in home heating is predominantly methane.2. Halogenation
Halogenation of an alkane produces a hydrocarbon derivative in which one or more halogen atoms have been substituted for hydrogen atoms. An example of an alkane halogenation reaction is
CH3 - CH3 + Br2 → CH3 - CH2 - Br + HBr
Alkane halogenation is an example of a substitution reaction a type of reaction that often occurs in organic chemistry. A general equation for the substitution of a single halogen atom for one of the hydrogen atoms of an alkane is
R - H + X2 → R - X + H - X
Explanation:
Brainliest fast before 5:35 no link no bot
Answer:
1.) 7
2.) 5
3.) stable
4.) 5A
5.) 5
6.) The properties would be more stable to property of phosphorous because same group and valenve electronics and they also have same chemical
Explanation:
The rest i dont know
Describing Chemical Reactions
Project: Modeling the Conservation of Mass
Answer:
Step 1: Prepare for the project.
a) Read the entire Student Guide before you begin this project.
b) If anything is unclear, be sure to ask your teacher for assistance before you begin.
c) Gather the materials you will need to complete this project.
Step 2: Review the chemical reaction.
a) The chemical reaction that you will model is shown below. Calcium oxide (CaO) is a white
solid with a crystalline structure. It is made by heating limestone, coral, sea shells, or chalk,
which are composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). During the heating process,
carbon dioxide (CO2) is released and calcium oxide (CaO) is produced. Commercially,
calcium oxide is called lime. One of the oldest uses of lime is to make mortar, a substance
used in construction to secure bricks, stones, and blocks together.
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
Step 3: Build a model of the reactant.
a) Use gumdrops and toothpicks to build a model of CaCO3.
b) Select one color of gumdrop for calcium, a second color for carbon, and a third color for
oxygen. Be sure to include a key of your chosen color scheme with your model.
c) Use the periodic table to help you determine the number of bonds each atom will form.
Step 4: Build models of the products.
a) Use gumdrops and toothpicks to build a model of CaO and a model of CO2.
b) Be sure to use the same colors of gumdrops for calcium, carbon, and oxygen as you did in
Step 3. Include a key of your chosen color scheme with your models.
c) Use the periodic table to help you determine the number of bonds each atom will form.
Step 5: Type one to two paragraphs that describe your models and explain the conservation of
mass in the chemical reaction.
a) Create a new blank document. Type your name at the top.
b) Type one to two paragraphs that describe your models and relate them to the law of
conservation of mass. Your document should:
i. identify the names of the reactants and products in the reaction.
ii. identify the number of molecules that make up the reactants and products.
iii. identify the type and number of atoms in each molecule of the reactants and products.
iv. explain what happens during the chemical reaction.
v. explain how mass is conserved during the chemical reaction.
Step 6: Evaluate your project using this checklist.
If you can check each criterion below, you are ready to submit your project.
Did you create an accurate model of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)? Your model should include
the correct number of gumdrops for each element in calcium carbonate, consistent use of
colors for elements in calcium carbonate, and the correct number and placement of toothpicks
(bonds).
Did you create an accurate model of calcium oxide (CaO)? Your model should include the
correct number of gumdrops for each element in calcium oxide, consistent use of colors for
elements in calcium oxide, and the correct number and placement of toothpicks (bonds).
Did you create an accurate model of carbon dioxide (CO2)? Your model should include the
correct number of gumdrops for each element in carbon dioxide, consistent use of colors for
elements in carbon dioxide, and the correct number and placement of toothpicks (bonds).
Did you type one to two paragraphs that describe your models and relate them to the law of
conservation of mass? Your document should include the names of the reactants and
products in the reaction, the number of molecules that make up the reactants and products,
and the type and number of atoms in each molecule of the reactants and products. It should
also explain what happens during the chemical reaction and how mass is conserved during the reaction
Step 7: Revise and submit your project.
a) If you were unable to check off all of the requirements on the checklist, go back and make
b) When you have completed your project, submit your models to your teacher for grading.
c) Submit your document through the virtual classroom. Be sure that your name is on it.
Step 8: Clean up your workspace.
a) Clean up your workspace. Return any extra materials to your teacher and throw away any trash.
Explanation:
Write the balanced molecular chemical equation for the reaction in aqueous solution for ammonium sulfate and iron(II) chloride. If no reaction occurs, simply write only NR. ☐⁴⁻ ☐³⁻ ☐²⁻ ☐⁻ ☐⁺ ☐²⁺ ☐³⁺ ☐⁴⁺ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ☐₁ ☐₂ ☐₃ ☐₄ ☐₅ ☐₆ ☐₇ ☐₈ ☐₉ ☐₀ + ( ) → ⇌ (s) (l) (g) (aq) Ir N Fe O Am Cl NR S H Ch Reset
The balanced molecular chemical equation for the reaction is (NH4)2SO4(aq) + FeCl2(aq) -------> FeSO4(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq).
The rule for writing a balanced chemical reaction equation is that the number of atom of each element on the right hand side must be the same as the number of atoms of the same element on the left hand side of the reaction equation. This is achieved by performing an atom count.
The balanced molecular chemical equation for the reaction in aqueous solution for ammonium sulfate and iron(II) chloride is;
(NH4)2SO4(aq) + FeCl2(aq) -------> FeSO4(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq)
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What is the mass in grams of one mole of sulfur? (round to 3 sig figs)
Answer:
This tells you that one mole of sulfur atoms, S , has a mass of 32 g
A buffer was prepared by mixing 1.00 mole of ammonia and 1.00 mole of ammonium chloride to form an aqueous solution with a total volume of 1.00 liter. To 500 mL of this solution was added 30.0 mL of 1.00 M NaOH. What is the pH of this solution?
Answer:
Idek sorry
Explanation:
So sorry i think its 1.00
Calcium has an electronegativity value of 1.0.
Oxygen has an electronegativity value of 3.5.
What type of bond will form between the two atoms?
Answer:
ionic bond
Explanation:
Calcium gives its two valence electrons to oxygen and forms an ionic bond with oxygen. An ionic bond formed when one atom transfers one or more electrons from itself to its neighboring atom, and an ionic bond formed between the two atoms of the compound.
Pleeeeasee someone who’s good at chemistry?! 10 grade
ASAP
I’ll give points, just help please
Answer:
what's the question?
Explanation:
I'll help
Which choice is an element? Question 2 options: air (N2 mixed with O2 , and CO2 ) sodium chloride (NaCl) oxygen (O2 ) water (H2O )
Answer:
oxygen (O2 )
Explanation:
Silver can be plated out of a solution containing Ag+ according to the half-reaction
Ag+(aq)+e−→Ag(s)
How much time (in minutes) does it take to plate 19 g of silver using a current of 3.4 A ?
Answer:
Approximately [tex]83[/tex] minutes.
Explanation:
Look up the relative atomic mass of [tex]\rm Ag[/tex]: [tex]M({\rm Ag}) = 107.868\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}[/tex].[tex]\begin{aligned}Q &= e\, (n(e)) \\ &\approx 1.602 \times 10^{-19}\; \rm C \times 1.06 \times 10^{23} \\ &\approx 1.6987 \times 10^{4}\; \rm C \end{aligned}[/tex]/.
Avogadro's number: [tex]N_A \approx 6.02 \times 10^{23}\; \rm mol^{-1}[/tex].
Elementary charge: [tex]e \approx 1.602 \times 10^{-19}\; \rm C[/tex].
Calculate the quantity of [tex]\rm Ag[/tex] atoms to reduce:
[tex]\begin{aligned}& n({\rm Ag}) \\ &= \frac{m({\rm Ag})}{M({\rm Ag})} \\ &= \frac{19\; \rm g}{107.868\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} \\ & \approx 0.176\; \rm mol\end{aligned}[/tex].
By the equation, it takes one electron to reduce every [tex]\rm Ag[/tex] atom. Thus, the number of electrons required to reduce [tex]0.176\; \rm mol[/tex] of [tex]\rm Ag\![/tex] atoms would be:
[tex]n(e) = n({\rm Ag}) \approx 0.176\; \rm mol[/tex].
[tex]\begin{aligned}N(e) &= n(e) \cdot N_{A}. \\ &\approx 0.176\; \rm mol \times 6.02 \times 10^{23}\; \rm mol^{-1} \\ & \approx 1.06 \times 10^{23}\end{aligned}[/tex].
Calculate the amount of charge (in coulombs) in that many electrons:
[tex]\begin{aligned}Q &= e\, (n(e)) \\ &\approx 1.602 \times 10^{-19}\; \rm C \times 1.06 \times 10^{23} \\ &\approx 16987.1 \; \rm C \end{aligned}[/tex].
A current of [tex]1\; \rm A[/tex] carries a charge of [tex]1\; \rm C[/tex] every second. Thus, the amount of time required for this current to carry that much electron would be:"
[tex]\begin{aligned}t &= \frac{Q}{I} \\ &\approx \frac{16987.1\; \rm C}{3.4\; \rm A} \\ &\approx 83.3\; \rm s \\ &\approx 5.00\times 10^{3}\; \rm s \\ &\approx 83\; \text{minutes} \end{aligned}[/tex].
Complete and balance the following redox reaction in basic solution
Cr2O7^2-(aq) + Hg(l) ----> Hg^2+(aq) + Cr^3+(aq)
Answer:
balanced in ACID not BASE
Cr2O7^2-(aq) +3Hg(l) +14 H^1+ ----> 3Hg^2+ + 2Cr^3+(aq) + 7H2O
Answer
Cr2O7^2-(aq) +3Hg(l) +14 H^1+ ----> 3Hg^2+ + 2Cr^3+(aq) + 7H2O
Explanation:
Cr2O7^2-(aq) + Hg(l) ----> Hg^2+(aqH) + Cr^3+(aq)
add H^1+ (acid) to capture the O and make 7 water molecules
Cr2O7^2-(aq) + Hg(l) + H^1+ ----> Hg^2+(aqH) + Cr^3+(aq) + 7H2O
Cr goes from +6 to +3 by gaining 3 e
Hg goes from 0 to +2 by losing 2 e
we need 3 Hg for every 2 Cr
so
Cr2O7^2-(aq) +3Hg(l) +14 H^1+ ----> 3Hg^2+ + 2Cr^3+(aq) + 7H2O
2 Cr on the right and left
Net 12 positive charges on the right and the left
3 Hg on the right and left
14 H on the right and left
the equation is balanced
we cannot balance the equation in a basic solution with OH^1-
we have plenty of O in the dichromate ion. we need to convert it to water which take free H^1+ from the acid
There are two valence electrons in a He atom. What is the average ionization energy of the two valence electrons in He
Answer:
A: Calcium is a group 2 element with two valence electrons. Therefore, it is very reactive and gives up electrons in chemical reactions. It is likely to react with an element with six valence electrons that “wants” to gain two electrons. This would be an element in group 6, such as oxygen.
What question would a student need to ask to form a compound with Group 16 nonmetals
A.
Will group 16 elements lose electrons to bond with group 2 in an XY format?
B.
Will group 16 elements gain electrons to bond with group 1 in an XY2 format?
C.
Will group 16 elements gain electrons to bond with group 2 in an XY format?
D.
Will group 16 elements lose electrons to bond with group 1 in an X2Y format?
Since nonmetals gain electrons, the correct question to ask about group 16 elements is; "Will group 16 elements gain electrons to bond with group 2 in an XY format?"
Group 16 elements are divalent and they form divalent negative ions. The periodic table is arranged in groups and periods. The elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. All elements in group 2 have six valence electrons.
If a wants to form a compound with the non metals of group 16, the correct question to ask is;"Will group 16 elements gain electrons to bond with group 2 in an XY format?"
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The Law of Conservation of Energy states that Energy can neither be ____________ nor _____________ but only change from one __________ to another.
Answer:
Explanation:
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but only changed from one form of energy to another.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but changes from one state to another.
What is law of conservation of energy?The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed it can only be converted from one form of energy to another.According to this, the total energy of the system remains constant.
This statement is also a statement of first law of thermodynamics which is based on energy.Conservation of energy is distinct from conservation of mass as mass and energy are directly proportional which is given the equation, E=mc².
Because of law of conservation of energy the perpetual motion of machine cannot exist. This means that no system without an external source of energy can supply unlimited amount of energy to its surroundings.
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So My friend has started her you know what and she scared to call her mom what should I do I'm sorry if this question is personal anything but I'm kind of confused cuz she's scared to call her mom her mom is gone so she needs some advice the best person who got the best answer will receive a brainly and 50 more points
Answer: so I was really scared to tell my mom and I was always thinking about how should I tell here but she should tell her mom an just said I think I started my thing her mom wont get mad she got it to and every girl goes thru that so your not alone
Explanation; she does not have to tell her mom but her mom could helpo her and give her tips
Answer:
Tell her to calm down and tell her mum because her mom knows better and would be able to put her through better than anyone could have ever.
The structure of Disodium edta
Answer:
EDTA disodium salt | C10H14N2Na2O8
Explanation:
Why do we need to be more careful of how we use our water
Answer:
because water is actually a limited natural resource
Explanation:
although most of the earth is made up of water , dasalination plants are super expensive and hard to use. Thus slowly due to severely low rainfall over the years the earth is slowly depleting on levels of fresh water thats why we need to be careful how we use water :D !
1.An object that produces electrical energy through redox reactions is called ____________.
oxidation
reduction
galvanic/voltaic cell
2.Which species undergoes oxidation?
Pb
Cu
[tex] \huge \bf༆ Answer ༄[/tex]
Question : - 1
An object that produces electrical energy through redox reactions is called Galvanic cell
Question : - 2
Pb undergoes Oxidation
[tex]꧁ \: \large \frak{Eternal \: Being } \: ꧂[/tex]
3.833 kJ of heat is required to convert a 36.8 g sample of ethyl
alcohol from the solid to liquid phase. What is the heat of
fusion of ethyl alcohol in J/g?
The heat of fusion of the given sample of the ethyl alcohol is 104.16 J/g.
The given parameters:
heat required to convert 36.8 g sample of ethyl alcohol, Q = 3.3833 kJmass of the ethyl alcohol, m = 36.8 gThe heat of fusion of the given sample of the ethyl alcohol converted from solid to liquid phase is calculated as follows;
[tex]H_f = \frac{Q}{m} \\\\H_f = \frac{3.833 \times 10^3\ J}{36.8 \ g} \\\\H_f = 104.16 \ J/g[/tex]
Thus, the heat of fusion of the given sample of the ethyl alcohol is 104.16 J/g.
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Determine how many grams of Al(OH)3 will be required to neutralize 216 mL of 0.367 M HCl according to the reaction:
3HCl + Al(OH)3 > AlCl3 + 3H20
mol = conc × v
= 0.367 × 0.216
= 0.0792 mol HCl
3 mol HCl = 1 mol Al(OH)3
0.0792 mol HCl = x
x = 0.0792/3 × 1
= 0.0264 mol Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 = 27 + 3(16 +1) = 78 g/mol
mass = mol x molar mass
= 0.0264 × 78
= 2.0592 g
I don't know if it's correct
What will happen to the temperature of an object if the kinetic energy of the particles increases?
The temperature of an object will increase if the kinetic energy of the particle increases.
Kinetic energy is an energy that is said to be in motion. According to the kinetic molecular theory of ideal gas, the particles of the gas are usually moving in constant random motion and they exert no force on each other.
Also, the temperature varies directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the gas particles. As a result, when the kinetic energy of the particles increases, the temperature will also increase.
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In a constant-pressure calorimeter, 55.0 mL of 0.340 M Ba(OH), was added to 55.0 mL of 0.680 M HCI. The reaction caused the temperature of the solution to rise from 22.21 °C to 26.84 °C. If the solution has the same density and specific heat as water (1.00 g/mL and 4.184J/g • °C.) respectively), what is A4 for this reaction (per mole H,O produced)? Assume that the total volume is the sum of the individual volumes.
Answer:
Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + 2 H2O
The reactants are present in equimolar amounts, so there is no excess or limiting reactants.
(0.0500 L) x (0.600 mol/L HCl) x (2 mol H2O / 2 mol HCl) = 0.0300 mol H2O
(4.184 J/g·°C) x (50.0 g + 50.0 g) x (25.82 - 21.73)°C = 1711.256 J
(1711.256 J) / (0.0300 mol H2O) = 57042 J/mol = 57.0 kJ/mol H2O
Explanation:
Fill in the left side of this equilibrium constant equation for the reaction of benzoic acid with water
Answer:
C6H5CO2H (aq) + H2O (l) _C6H5CO2- + H3OWhich of the following is true about a compound where there is a difference in
electronegativity of the two elements if the formula of the compound is greater than
1.7?
The compound is a binary covalent compound.
The compound is a covalent compound.
The compound is an ionic compound.
The compound is a polyatomic compound.
Answer:
D BLESSS Y
Explanation:
A mixture of solids containing a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an amine, are dissolved in DCM. What is the best way to begin an extraction to separate the amine from the mixture
There are different ways of extraction. The best way to begin an extraction to separate the amine from the mixture is to extract with dilute NaOH.
An acid-base extraction is often used in the extraction of carboxylic acids from the organic layer and thereafter into the aqueous layer.NaOH is known to be the most common compound that is used to convert a carboxylic acid into its more water-soluble ionic carboxylate form.
But if the mixture has a compound that you want, and that can react with NaOH, another milder base such as sodium bicarbonate is preferably used.
See full question below
A mixture of solids containing a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an amine, are dissolved in DCM. What is the best way to begin an extraction in order to separate the carboxylic acid from the mixture?
A) Extract with dilute NaOH
B) Extract with dilute HCl
C) Extract with dichloromethane
D) Extract with water
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Soldium and sulphur compound form formula
Answer:
Na2S
Explanation:
hope this helps
HELP ME OUT PLEASE!!!!
Which statement correctly describes one of the changes?
A) Picture I shows a chemical change, because a new substance is formed.
B) Picture Il shows a chemical change, because a new substance is formed.
C) Picture I shows a chemical change, because the same substance changes form,
D) Picture Il shows a chemical change, because the same substance changes form.
Answer:
Answer D. Picture II shows a chemical change, because the same substance changes form
Explanation:
This is the temperature that water molecules slow down enough to stick to each other and form a solid crystal
Answer:
D Im 90% Sure
Explanation:
If its not right i owe you one I did this one before
Br2(l) + 2Nal(aq) — 12(s) + 2NaBr(aq)
Which elements are oxidized and reduced in the reaction?
(1 point)
O Sodium (Na) is oxidized, and bromine (Br) is reduced.
O Bromine (Br) is oxidized, and iodine (1) is reduced.
O Bromine (Br) is oxidized, and sodium (Na) is reduced.
Olodine (I) is oxidized, and bromine (Br) is reduced.
Iodine (I) is oxidized, and bromine (Br) is reduced. The correct option is the last option - lodine (I) is oxidized, and bromine (Br) is reduced.
To determine which elements are oxidized and reduced,
First, we will define the terms Oxidation and Reduction
Oxidation is simply defined as the loss of electrons. It can also be defined as increase in oxidation number.
Reduction is defined as the gain of electrons. It can also be defined as decrease in oxidation number.
The given chemical equation is
Br₂(l) + 2NaI(aq) → I₂(s) + 2NaBr(aq)
Oxidation number of Bromine decreased from 0 to -1.
Therefore, Bromine is reduced.
Oxidation number of Iodine increased from -1 to 0.
Therefore, Iodine is oxidized.
Oxidation number of sodium did not change.
Therefore, Sodium is neither oxidized nor reduced.
Hence, Iodine (I) is oxidized, and bromine (Br) is reduced. The correct option is the last option - lodine (I) is oxidized, and bromine (Br) is reduced.
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Where did the atoms come from in the first place?
Answer:
All the carbon atoms in the human body were created in the stars. Elementary particles, such as protons, were formed during the "big bang"; that amazing moment about 14 billion years ago in which the universe got it's start.
For the oxidation–reduction reaction equation
2Sc+3Br2⟶2ScBr3
indicate how many electrons are transferred in the formation of one formula unit of product.
In the formation of 1 formula unit of ScBr₃, 3 electrons are transferred.
Let's consider the following balanced redox reaction.
2 Sc + 3 Br₂ ⟶ 2 ScBr₃
We can identify both half-reactions.
Oxidation: 2 Sc ⟶ 2 Sc⁺³ + 6 e⁻
Reduction: 6 e⁻ + 3 Br₂ ⟶ 6 Br⁻
As we can see, 6 electrons are involved in the formation of 2 formula units of ScBr₃. Thus, 3 electrons are involved in the formation of 1 formula unit of ScBr₃.
In the formation of 1 formula unit of ScBr₃, 3 electrons are transferred.
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What is the net charge of C
Explanation:
Sorry, I don't know, but I can tell you that when an atom, or a body, has the same amount of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons), it is said to be electrically neutral. ... The net charge corresponds to the algebraic sum of all the charges that a body possesses.
Answer: Neutral carbon-12 (or any carbon atom) has 6 electrons with a total negative charge of 6e- orbiting a nucleus with a total positive charge of 6e+, so that the total net charge is zero. The nucleus is made up of 6 protons, each with a positive charge of e+, and 6 neutrons, each with zero charge.
Explanation: