It is true that organelle in every cell contains the genetic information and the organelle is the nucleus.
Nucleus is the largest organelle in eukaryotic cell and it is considered to be the cell's control center. Cell organelles are the nuclei, which stores the genetic information; mitochondria, which produce ribosomes and chemical energy, which assembled the proteins. Ever cell in person's body having a same deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a hereditary material almost all the organisms and in humans. In addition to DNA, the nucleus contains a very thick liquid called as nucleoplasm which is similar in composition to the cytosol found in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus.
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Describe the physiological process that occurs from the time the pathogen infects the body to the time the chemical is made.
An inflammatory response begins when a pathogen stimulates an increase in blood flow to the infected area.
Blood vessels in that area expand, and white blood cells leak from the vessels to invade the infected tissue. These white blood cells, called phagocytes engulf and destroy bacteria.
Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function. Our bodies often respond with fever (heat inactivates many viruses), with the secretion of a chemical called interferon (which blocks viruses from reproducing), or by marshaling the immune system's antibodies and other cells to target the invader.
The body reacts to disease-causing bacteria by increasing local blood flow (inflammation) and sending in cells from the immune system to attack and destroy the bacteria.
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The subclavian artery is renamed the artery after it passes over the lateral border of the first rib.
The subclavian artery is renamed as axillary artery after it passes over the lateral border of the first rib.
What is axillary artery?The subclavian artery continues as the axillary artery at the lateral aspect of the first rib, serving as the primary artery of the upper extremity. The artery has three sections based on its proximity to the pectoralis minor muscle, each of which has six major branches.A sizable muscle vessel that passes through the axilla is called the axillary artery. It is in charge of delivering oxygen-rich blood to the upper limb as well as to a portion of the scapula's and upper lateral thorax's musculocutaneous system.As a result, two primary arteries rather than one supplied the upper limb's axillary region in particular with arterial blood on both sides. These two arteries may be lingering branches of the capillary plexus of the growing limb buds because they came from the first portion of the axillary artery.Learn more about axillary artery here:
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The movement of ions across the cell membrane is needed to accomplish repolarization. what cell structure is used to prepare for depolarization?
The movement of ions across the cell membrane is needed to accomplish repolarization while sodium-potassium pump is used to prepare for depolarization.
The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport system that transports potassium ions into cells and sodium ions out of cells. Using energy from ATP and carrier proteins in the cell membrane, the sodium-potassium pump transports both ions from lower to greater concentration regions. More specific details about the sodium-potassium pump's operation are shown in the Figure. The main ions in both the fluid inside cells and the fluid surrounding them are sodium and potassium, respectively. The resting potential is an electrical gradient that results from these concentration changes across the cell membrane.
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This demand curve has shifted. The original demand curve is labeled as D. The new demand curve is labeled as D1.
What change is taking place on this graph?
Think about an academic subject (biology) that inspires you. describe how you have furthered this interest inside and/or outside of the classroom.
Answer:
Biology is the study of Living organisms whereby they are clustered into distribution , origin , behavior , anatomy their physiology and morphology.
Biology as a subject has changed my views and conspiracies about the existence of organisms in their ecosystem .Its like from biology you get to know the meaning of life in details right from the origin to death of the organism .
As a human being I have realized much on how biology helps even beyond the class , since I have learnt the reason why each organism belongs to a certain habitat and specific niche of the ecosystem , I have learnt to respect and conserve such organisms as they deserve to exist in that habitat , and their is an interdependency whether direct or indirect .
Also with the knowledge I have acquired on anatomy and the physiology of organisms , I can do a first aid to an individual who has suffered outdoor pass outs or injuries to reduce the impact of the situation before he or she reaches the hospital .
I believe biology has impacted a very important part of my life and I look forward to take further studies in this field to broaden my knowledge even more .
As the DNA is unwound to allow replication, torsion builds up which would prevent further movement of the replication fork. What general class of enzyme allows DNA to assume a more relaxed state
Topoisomerase enzyme allows DNA to assume a more relaxed state.
DNA topoisomerases (or topoisomerases) are enzymes that catalyze changes in the topological state of DNA, interconverting relaxed and supercoiled forms, linked (catenated) and unlinked species, and knotted and unknotted DNA. This enzyme prevents the DNA double helix in front of the replication fork from winding up too tightly as the DNA unwinds
DNA topoisomerases unravel the twists in DNA that occur as a result of DNA transcription and replication. DNA topoisomerases I and II present in cells cleaves the DNA backbone on one or two strands, and it releases the torsional stress and then displacement of the broken DNA backbone.
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A certain eukaryotic organism has multiple, distinct genes with highly similar sequences that are expressed at different times in the organism's life cycle. these genes could have arisen by:________
These genes could have arisen by gene duplication.
What is gene duplication?Gene duplication is the process of copying a section of DNA that codes for a gene. A retro transposition event or a recombination mistake are both potential causes of gene duplication. As a result, the duplicate gene coding may experience a significant number of modifications throughout time. This might prevent the gene from functioning or, in other situations, give the creature a benefit.
Gene duplication is a phenomenon that can happen through a variety of ways:
Ectopic Recombination: Uneven crossing-over between misaligned homologous chromosomes during meiosis might result in duplications. A duplication at the exchange site and a reciprocal deletion are the results of this recombination.Replication Slippage: Short genomic sequences can be duplicated as a result of the replication error known as replication slippage. DNA polymerase starts copying the DNA during replication, but eventually the polymerase separates from the DNA, causing replication to stall. The replicating strand is incorrectly aligned when the polymerase reattaches to the DNA strand, which accidentally results in several copies of the same portion.Aneuploidy: When a single chromosome's nondisjunction causes an abnormally high number of chromosomes, this condition is known as aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is frequently damaging and frequently causes spontaneous miscarriages in mammals. Some aneuploid people can survive. For instance, human trisomy 21 causes Down syndrome but is not lethal.Learn more about gene duplication here:
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What is the most likely effect of a mutation that changes the repeat sequence found in terc from 3’-cccaau-5’ to 3’-ucaggacg-5’?.
If the repeat sequence of telomere changes from 3’-cccaau-5’ to 3’-ucaggacg-5’ due to any mutation in TERC gene then the telomerase enzyme will be unable to attach to the 3' overhung of the telomere sequence and cannot elongate new DNA strand [telomeric part]. As a result, the telomeres of chromosomes cannot be elongated and the entire chromosome or the cell will be lost after a few rounds of division.
Telomere: They are short repeating sequences found at the end of the chromosome whose function is to save the chromosomes from degradation. But after each round of replication, the length of the telomeres becomes shorter than the previous and after a certain number of cell divisions, the telomeres become so short that they trigger the cell to stop dividing or to self-destruct (undergo apoptosis).
So, to prevent the shortening of telomeres, the TERC gene codes a telomerase enzyme which is a type of reverse transcriptase made up of two components: an RNA part that is complementary to the repeated telomeric sequence and a protein part that can add the nucleotides to the 3' end of the telomere.
After every cell division, the telomerase enzyme gets attached to the 3' end of the shortened telomere end and synthesizes the complementary DNA to the RNA part of the enzyme until the length of the telomere is restored again.
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The hantavirus outbreaks in the eastern hemisphere (asia) are identified with pulmonary failure, and have been referred to as "hantavirus pulmonary syndrome" (hps).
a. True
b. False
The hantavirus outbreaks in the eastern hemisphere (Asia) are identified with pulmonary failure and have been referred to as "hantavirus pulmonary syndrome" (HPS).
The given statement is b) false.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an extraordinary infectious sickness that starts with flu-like signs and symptoms and progresses swiftly to a greater severe disorder. It can cause life-threatening lung and coronary heart issues. The disease is likewise known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.
Early signs are widespread and encompass fever, fatigue, and muscle ache. other signs and symptoms can also consist of headache, nausea (a sense of illness in the stomach), vomiting, diarrhea (loose stool/latring), and dizziness.
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Wat is the location where the synthesis of triacylglycerols from free fatty acids occurs. which molecule is least important in this synthesis?
During synthesis of triacylglycerols from free fatty acids Acetyl-CoA is least important in this synthesis.
Acetyl-CoA would not be important because thats what that product is based from the synthesis,
The biosynthesis of triacylglycerol occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and involves acyl-editing of fatty acyl chains within the nitrogenous phospholipids of the ER.
The enzyme glycerol kinase has no role to play in the synthesis of triacylglycerol.
Pancreatic enzymes called lipases then hydrolyze the dispersed fats to give monoglycerides and free fatty acids. These products are absorbed into the cells lining the small intestine, where they are resynthesized into triglycerides.
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Exposing plants to light, heat, and wind caused the rate of transpiration to increase when compared to normal lab conditions because __________
Answer:
because the heat hitting the plant increased the amount of water pulled in by the plant because it increased the rate of evaporation on the leaves.
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Exposing plants to light, heat, and wind caused the rate of transpiration to increase when compared to normal lab conditions because the plants need to open stomata for the gaseous exchange during photosynthesis. And at this time, the plant is highly exposed to high temperatures and heat, so the maximum amount of water loss occurs.
What is Transpiration?Transpiration may be defined as a process that generally involves the evaporative loss of water by plant cells. It occurs mainly through the stomata in the leaves.
Besides the loss of water vapor in transpiration, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf also occurs through such small pores known as stomata.
While in normal conditions plants receive all sources of processes and nutrients through artificial means, so they never undergo high exposure to climate alterations. Thus, the rate of transpiration remains almost the same in all possible instances.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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In this lab, you will explore the microscopic process of bulding proteins from RNA. Instead of working with variables, you will focus on the steps of that process.
The investigative question that will you answer by exploring the process of building proteins from RNA is translation.
What is translation ?The translation is a cellular process by which a specific type of RNA (mRNA) is converted into a protein sequence.
During translation, the messenger RNA (mRNA) is composed of triplets of nucleotides called codons that specify different amino acids.In conclusion, the investigative question that will you answer by exploring the process of building proteins from RNA is translation.Learn more about Translation here:
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When the ______4. _______ muscles relax and the _______5. ______ relaxes and moves back to its dome-like position
Answer:
4. External intercostal, 5. Diaphragm.
Explanation:
Context is needed for a more accurate answer, but based off of the parameters of the provided question, I tried my best to infer the muscles based on the shape (dome-like).
This answer might be correct, as the diaphragm it is said to be "a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually..."
Biological anthropologists view how humans come to be the way they are as the result of Group of answer choices their biological makeups, which primarily define who they are. their environment; genes have very little effect. both evolutionary history and their own individual life histories. what their genes make them; environment has very little effect.
Biological anthropologists view the evolution of humans as both evolutionary history and their own individual stories.
Anthropology
The study of humanity and humans through developing an understanding of the cultural and biological evolution of humans in the past and the present. There are different fields in anthropology and they are:
Biological anthropologyCultural anthropologyLinguistic anthropologyArchaeologyBiological anthropology
Biological anthropology involves the study of humans and non-human primates and their evolution through the study of fossil records and present-day primates. It also tries to understand how humans have adapted to varying environmental conditions and stresses. The application of biological anthropology includes:
Understanding of interactions between humans and their environment.Understanding body proportions and using them for bringing improvements in various fields.Learn about anthropology here:
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The purpose of the spindle fibers is to quizlet aid in sorting and aligning the chromosomes for their movement to opposite ends of the cell.
True. The purpose of the spindle fibers is to quizlet aid in sorting and aligning the chromosomes for their movement to opposite ends of the cell.
A protein structure called a spindle fibre divides a cell's genetic material. In both mitosis and meiosis, two types of nuclear division, the spindle is required to divide the chromosomes in a mother cell into two daughter cells in an equal number.
The mitotic spindle, a structure made up of microtubules and related proteins, aids in the movement of chromosomes. To align the chromosomes and draw the sister chromatids apart, spindles attach to and stretch from centrioles on each of the two poles (or sides) of the cell.
Therefore, The purpose of the spindle fibers is to quizlet aid in sorting and aligning the chromosomes for their movement to opposite ends of the cell.
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Red-green color blindness is an x-linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color vision have a son with colorblindness. Given this information, the genotypes of the parents are ________.
Damage to the prefrontal cortex is most likely to result in?
Answer:
Diminish planning abilities
14. The human digestive systems is not very different from frogs but mammals that eat a lot of cellulose (plant material) have specialized organs to aid in digestion. Describe the modifications that help 1) rabbits, 2) goats and 3) camels digest their food.
Rabbits goats and camels have specialized digestive systems that allow them to digest cellulose. these animals are called Ruminants.
Animals that rely on natural resources, such as leaves or wood, must digest cellulose in order to release the cell contents necessary for their nourishment. Cellulase is the name of the enzyme that breaks down cellulose, and it is not generated by the majority of animals.Ruminants are creatures that gnaw on their cud. Unchewed grass is ingested by the rumen and brought back to the mouth for chewing (regurgitation). Goats, sheep, cattle, antelopes, and buffaloes are a few examples. They have a four-chambered stomach that is complicated.Rumen is the main part of the stomach is where food is temporarily kept before being brought back to the mouth for chewing.Anaerobic bacteria that breakdown cellulose are found in the digestive systems of animals like cows.By using anti-peristalsis, the food is brought back to the mouth.After that, the ruminant settles down and quietly chews its cud. When the food is sufficiently chewed it is swallowed and passed into the reticulum.learn more about Ruminants here: https://brainly.com/question/1870093
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Given this information, which reversion mutation in the gene would restore the normal function of the protein?
The production by further mutation of a premutation gene from a mutant gene. This reverse mutation restores the ability of the gene to produce a functional protein.
By changing a gene’s instructions for making a protein, a variant can cause a protein to malfunction or to not be produced at all.
When a variant alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, it can disrupt normal development or cause a health condition.
A condition caused by variants in one or more genes is called a genetic disorder.
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Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of?
Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of the loss of body fat as insulation and lack of appropriate weight-loss strategy.
Anorexia nervosa patients (ANs) have significantly lower core temperatures (T-core) compared to healthy controls (HCs). This reduced temperature represents a reset T-core that needs to be maintained.
The development of anorexia nervosa (AN) is attributed to psycho-social causes. Anorexic individuals have night sweats because the low body weight interrupts the body's normal hormonal functions, which may halt ovulation. Excessive exercise and stress can cause similar problems.
It also effects the body if a person with anorexia becomes severely malnourished, every organ in the body can be damaged, including the brain, heart and kidneys. This damage may not be fully reversible, even when the anorexia is under control.
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The breakup of the supercontinent of Rodinia may have helped create conditions favorable for evolutionary advancement. How?
The breakup of the supercontinent of Rodinia created new mountains and land surface for new organisms to live on.
What are supercontinents?Supercontinents are large continents which are composed of other continental blocks of the earth.
One of the supercontinents was Supercontinent Rodinia.
The breakup of the supercontinent of Rodinia created new mountains providing a land surface for organisms crawling out of the sea to live on.
In conclusion, supercontinents are composed of fused continental blocks.
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There are several methods of gene editing, including ________, the most widely used method.
There are several methods of gene editing, including CRISPR-Cas9 the most widely used method.
One of the most popular methods of gene editing currently is the use of CRISPR/Cas9.Genome editing relies on the production of site-specific double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) and the subsequent endogenous repair through the error-prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or the error-free homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways.
CRISPR/Cas9 is a technique that allows for the highly specific and rapid modification of DNA in a genome, the complete set of genetic instructions in an organism. In comparison to other technologies CRISPR/Cas9 is reliable Due to the RNA-based nature of the system, CRISPR is the most flexible, scalable, and user-friendly of the gene-editing platforms.
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How does a dog fulfill the three points of the cell theory?
A dog fulfilled the three points of the cell theory through the healing of the cuts it encountered when playing.
What is a Cell?This is defined as the simplest or basic unit of life and the three points of cell theory include:
All organisms are made of one or more cellsThe cell is the basic unit of all organisms.All cells come from existing cells.The cut the dog had healed as a result of the formation of the cells from existing cells through mitosis thereby resulting in the healing.
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Which three factors limit descriptive and comparative investigations? A. The features of objects that you cannot see B. The amount of time or money required C. The way you must write hypotheses D. The number of variables you can have E. The number of observations you can make
Three factors which limit descriptive and comparative investigations are:
The way you must write hypothesesThe number of observations you can makeThe amount of time or money requiredWhat are scientific investigations?Scientific investigation simply refers to a plan or way of making scientific enquires, testing and confirming possible results
So therefore, the amount of time or money required is one of the limitations of scientific research
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Body cells that respond to insulin include?
Answer:
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
Explanation:
hope this helps, sorry if it is wrong
________________, which is abbreviated _____, is a test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus. Western blot, WB Immunoelectrophoresis, IEP Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA Complete blood count, CBC
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which is abbreviated ELISA, is a test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus.
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most common HIV tests use blood to detect HIV infection. In this techniques, a patient's blood sample is used to tested for antibodies. Oral fluid may also be used to perform an ELISA collected from the cheeks and gums.
An HIV antibody response can be detected as early as two weeks in a few people and in more than 99.9% of people by 12 weeks. An antibody test at 4 weeks will detect 95% of infections.
Currently licensed ELISA tests have greater than 98% sensitivity and specificity for HIV. Western blot analysis detects antibodies to specific HIV antigens and is best used as a confirmatory test. In spite of the high sensitivity and specificity of both tests, false-positive and false-negative results do occur.
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similarities in DNA, anatomical structures, and embryological development support common ancestry and evolution. true or false?
Answer:
true
Explanation:
An ____________ consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interac
Ecosystem
An ecosystem consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions
What is an Ecosystem ?An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life.
Biotic factors are living things within an ecosystem; such as plants, animals, and bacteriaWhile abiotic are non-living components; such as water, soil and atmosphereEcosystems are all responsible for keeping the planet as a whole in balance. Animals and other life forms can only thrive if their ecosystems are thriving as a whole.Learn more about Ecosystem here:
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What type of organisms do marine scientists believe may provide clues to marine viruses?
bacteria
protozoa
algae
microbes
The type of organisms that marine scientists believe may provide clues to marine viruses are bacteria (option A).
What are marine viruses?Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments.
Marine viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
However, marine viruses tend to bacteriophages that infect marine bacteria often than any other host.
Marine viruses are regarded as microbe killers. Once a virus enters a host cell, it identifies it the surface receptors of the host cell and inserts its genetic material and hijacks the machinery inside the cell in order to replicate.
Therefore, the type of organisms that marine scientists believe may provide clues to marine viruses are bacteria.
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Which current is produced inresponse to a hyperpolarizing stimulus in a giant axon of a squid?
The giant axon of a squid, shows that hyperpolarizing stimulus is followed by transient inward capacitive current and lasting outward capacitive current.
Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. It is the opposite of a depolarization. It inhibits action potentials by increasing the stimulus required to move the membrane potential to the action potential threshold.
Hyperpolarization can be caused, for instance, by opening channels that allow positive ions to move out of the cell (or negative ions to move in).
The hyperpolarization-activated current is an inward current activated by hyperpolarization from the resting potential and is an important modulator of action potential firing frequency in many excitable cells.
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