The supreme court ruled in the insula cases that the American Constitution and laws did not apply to US colonies on the issue of whether American laws applied to the foreign territory won in the Spanish-American War.
The United States Constitution established the country's national government, established its core laws, and provided its citizens with a number of essential rights. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and Baltimore agreed on September 17, 1787, that the Bill of Rights solely applied to the federal government and not to any state governments. The Supreme Court continued to hold in United States v. Cruikshank (1876) that the First and Second Amendments did not extend to state governments even after the Fourteenth Amendment had been ratified.
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what type of court has original jurisdiction over a case involving an american suing a citizen of another contry
Federal courts are the courts of primary jurisdiction in cases where Americans are suing citizens of other countries.
Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. This means that federal courts can hear only cases authorized by the U.S.
Constitution or federal law.
The federal district courts are the point of contact for all litigation arising under federal law, the Constitution, or international treaties. This form of jurisdiction is called an "original jurisdiction".
The jurisdiction of the state courts may overlap with the jurisdiction of the federal courts, which means that in some cases both courts will hear the case.
Jurisdiction of the courts includes cases of the United States government, constitutional law, federal law, and interstate disputes.
Therefore, jurisdiction of origin also exists when an American is suing a citizen of another country.
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Why did it take so long for all of the states to approve the Articles of Confederation?
The majority of people readily agreed that the constitution needed to be changed for the sake of the country.
People feared that the power expended would quickly go to waste if they submitted to a large and powerful government.
The government created the Bill of Rights because people wanted their rights protected and felt the federalists threatened it.
Anti-Federalists mainly occupied rural areas like the West (then) and South. Anti-Fed becomes Democratic-Republican.
The Articles of Confederation and the Eternal Alliance were agreements between the 13 states of the United States and served as the first framework of government.
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if Liz Marley acquired a rare stamp as a bequest when her father passed away does it have the same basis
The stamp would have the same basis if Liz acquired it as a bequest from her father when he passed.
What is a bequest?Objects left in a will are known as bequests. In the past, bequest and deviser were terms used to describe real and personal property that was left by will. These days, both terms are utilized. The verb form of the action of bequeathing is called "to bequeath."
Gifts are not always bequests, but bequests are gifts. Making a gift through a will to a close family member is known as a bequest. In a Will, you may write something as straightforward as "I leave my red Corvette to my son." But a gift may also be given without regard to a will.
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When is using your headlights required by Virginia law?
Virginia law states that one should use headlights when driving at night, during poor weather conditions and when using windshield wipers.
Motorists must drive at night with their headlights on. Virginia has not specified an exact time to use the searchlight. Instead, the law requires drivers to use their headlights from sunset to sunrise.
Drivers must use their headlights in bad weather.
By law, whenever rain, smoke, fog, snow, sleet, poor lighting conditions, or other adverse weather conditions reduce visibility and prevent him from clearly seeing people or vehicles on the road at a distance of 500 feet , must use headlights.
Finally, drivers should use their headlights whenever windshield wipers are used as a result of fog, rain, sleet, or snow. However, headlights are not required for intermittent wiper use in drizzle, sleet or snow.
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The #13 is spray painted on the side of a liquor store. What night this mean to police?
Answer:
The number 13 correlates to the 13th letter of the alphabet M. Short for Eme or the Mexican Mafia.
Tagging is normally a way for gangs to mark their territory.
Describe the importance of social responsibility in the context of being on a jury and the problems that results from putting individual needs ahead of obligations to society
In judiciary, the concept of social responsibility is important in assessing the accused. Where they are clear, jurors will perceive less freedom for their sentencing decisions.
What is social responsibility and its importance to the society?Individuals are held accountable for fulfilling their civic duties under social responsibility and their actions must benefit society as a whole. The theory of social responsibility is based on an ethical system in which decisions and actions must be ethically validated before they are carried out.
If the action or decision has a negative impact on society or the environment, it is considered socially irresponsible. The theory of social responsibility and ethics is applicable to both individuals and groups. It should be incorporated into daily actions and decisions, especially those that affect other people and/or the environment.
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One of the duties of a 9-1-1 dispatcher is to pass information to first responders and dispatch them to the scene of the emergency. Is the previous statement true or false
True, One of the duties of a 9-1-1 dispatcher is to pass information to first responders and dispatch them to the scene of the emergency.
911 dispatchers are often the unsung heroes of emergency response teams.
Collecting critical information from callers and dispatching appropriate first responders to the scene, these professionals must be able to manage chaotic, heartbreaking, stressful, disorganized and hectic situations.
A 911 dispatcher's job description may vary slightly depending on the position. Affects the duties associated with the position, such as Dispatcher I, Dispatcher II, and Dispatcher III (Supervisor).
911 dispatchers are required to answer emergency and non-emergency calls for assistance and information. Must provide police, fire, emergency and related services dispatch and communications support services.
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What happen after the bill i introduced by the Senate ecretary general aembly clerk
The bill is then sent to a conference committee made up of members from each house. The house secretary certifies the final version. Once the bill is drafted in the Senate, the Senate Chief approves the final version.
When a bill is submitted, it is assigned to a technical committee to discuss its contents. If the bill passes the committee, it will be sent to the Senate for a hearing.
If it gets the necessary votes and is approved by the Senate, it will be sent to the House of Representatives and the same process will be followed.
After being passed by both houses, it is sent to the Secretariat for the President's approval and signature, turning it into law.
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before a lawsuit begins, the court must have proof that the defendant was notified of the lawsuit.
a. true
b. false
The court must have evidence that the defendant was given notice of the action before it can proceed. (True)
Explain the court.An individual or group of people with the authority to hear and decide disputes involving civil, criminal, ecclesiastical, or military conflicts is known as a court, also referred to as a court of law. Originally only denoting "an enclosed area," the word "court" is today used to describe any room, hallway, building, or other place where legal proceedings are held.
This is about the operation of the judiciary of the government. It looks at some of the key relationships between this branch and the legislative and executive branches as well as the functions, makeup, and management of the judicial system and its most significant personnel, the judges.
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Why did the Supreme Court hear Furman v. Georgia?
It accepts appeals against decisions made by the High Courts and other tribunals, courts, and courts.
The death sentence is unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment when it is applied arbitrarily and capriciously and results in discriminatory outcomes, according to the Supreme Court's ruling in Furman v. Georgia. It accepts appeals against decisions made by the High Courts and other tribunals, courts, and courts. It resolves conflicts between various authorities, between national governments, and between the center and any national authority. In its consultative capacity, it also hears topics that the President refers to it. The SC may also pursue lawsuits against motorcycles (on its own). In addition to the national governments, the SC's ruling is binding on all Indian courts as well as those at the Union.
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How do these responsibilities affect their obtainment of the best performance from their subordinates?
The responsibilities affect their obtainment of the best performance from their subordinates as it will help to boost the morale of an individual.
What is Performance?The performance of an individual in a workplace is evaluated by the way of working. It helps to analyze how effectively an individual is working by utilizing all the available resources and achieving the given objective timely.
The responsibility of the supervisor is to monitor and guide the employees at the workplace and provide them with constructive feedback which helps them to improve their skills and achieve the best results.
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Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton documented which of the following patterns in U.S. inner cities?
a. hypersegregation
b. the absence of racial segregation
c. de jure segregation
d. declining segregation
Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton documented the hypersegregation which is patterns in U.S. inner cities. The Option A.
What pattern did they document in U.S. inner cities?In work called "American Apartheid," both of them documented the pattern of hypersegregation in U.S. inner cities in which they defined hypersegregation as level of segregation that goes beyond what can be explained by demographic factors such as income, education, and preferences.
It is characterized by high levels of racial and ethnic segregation ad social and economic isolation which can lead to a range of negative outcomes for marginalized communities which includes limited access to jobs, education, healthcare and political representation.
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According to your text, the biggest change in litigation in the last decade has been
According to your text, the most significant change in litigation over the last decade has been the explosion of electronic discovery.
The birth of a new industry dedicated to assisting law firms in sorting through massive amounts of data.E-discovery is a type of digital investigation in which evidence is sought in email, business communications, and other data that may be used in litigation or criminal proceedings. During litigation, the traditional discovery process is standard, but e-discovery is limited to digital evidence. The process of obtaining and exchanging evidence in a legal case or investigation is known as electronic discovery, also known as e-discovery or ediscovery. When involved parties are required to provide relevant records and evidence related to a case, e-discovery is used in the early stages of litigation.
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Bran is CEO of an American company. Bran's company opens an office in Germany. Bran visits the German office and is uncomfortable with some of the work habits of the new German employees. If Bran applies moral relativism, he will
Where Bran is the CEO of an American corporation and his firm establishes a presence in Germany if Bran visits the German workplace and is uneasy with some of the new German colleagues' work practices and If Bran employs moral relativism, he will most likely tolerate and appreciate the varied work practices of the German workers.
What is Moral Relativism?Moral relativism holds that there are no universally true moral facts, but that moral truths are relative to the individual or culture. It is significant because it enables us to comprehend and appreciate various cultural and social moral values. It also promotes critical thinking and self-evaluation of one's moral values.
So note that Brian will take the above action because he recognizes that morality is subject to cultural and societal standards and that what is acceptable or proper in one culture may not be in another.
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What mood do the opening stage direction and setting description create in A Streetcar Named Desire?
In 1947, the French Quarter in downtown New Orleans introduced the play on a realistic opening stage facing an impoverished urban area, accented by notes of jazz music played on a "blue piano," turning the audience into blue.
Creates a full mood. lead to fear.
Set in the French territory of New Orleans, where the opening stage of "A Streetcar Named Desire" takes place.
It uses tragic theatrical techniques represented by the lonely blue piano to create a dramatic and dramatic depiction of melancholy, loneliness, and violence. depicted realistically.
It takes place on his first floor in a two-room apartment, and the cycle of violence is told.
A blue piano appears in the direction of the introductory stage of the first scene, expressing themes of longing and spiritual loneliness for the people of New Orleans.
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A harh drought killed ome of the farm family’ corn and everal head of it cattle. Where on the production poibilitie curve could you poition a point to reflect thee circumtance?
A harsh drought killed some of the farm family’s corn and several head of it cattle. So, on the inside of the production possibilities curve you could poition a point in order to reflect these circumtances.
The production possibilities curve (PPC) is considered to be a graph which tends to show all of the different combinations of the output that can be produced when given the current resources and technology.
However, in order to reflect such circumtances, you could poition a point on the inside of the production poibilities curve. Thus, the slope of the production possibility curve is considered to be the marginal opportunity cost.Hence, the production possibility curve is concave to the origin.
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What were the difficulties with the Articles of Confederation?
All problems with federal law are related to insufficient central government power and too much power to the states.
The difficulties were as follows-
- The state did not act immediately.
- The central government was designed to be very weak.
- In the Legislative Assembly had only one House, and in each state he had only one vote.
- Congress needed nine of her 13 states to pass the bill.
- It was virtually impossible to change the documentation.
- Congress did not have the power to enforce that law.
- Congress had no taxing authority.
- Congress had no power to regulate trade.
- There is no national court system “judiciary”.
- Unanimous consent is required to amend the Articles of Incorporation.
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Lorna and Hal have obtained a growing equity mortgage for their new home. What does that mean
Option d: Lorna and Hal have obtained a growing equity mortgage for their new home which means their loan payments will gradually increase.
A Growing Equity Mortgage (GEM) is a type of fixed rate mortgage where monthly payments increase over time according to a set schedule rather than remaining fixed for the life of the loan .
The interest rate on the loan will not change and there will be no negative amortization.
Instead, the first payment is a fully amortized payment, and as the payment increases over time, additional amounts beyond the fully amortized payment are applied directly to the remaining mortgage amount, Loan life will be shorter and overall interest savings will decrease and increase.
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Complete question:
Lorna and Hal have obtained a growing equity mortgage for their new home. What does that mean?
The loan will be distributed to them gradually.
The interest rate will increase gradually over time.
The loan term will extend gradually over time.
Their loan payments will gradually increase.
What was an important effect of Blackstone?
Option b: Important effect of Blackstone is that Common law became more accessible.
William Blackstone was an 18th-century English jurist, judge, and statesman.
He summarized England common law in an accessible, logical and understandable way. This was done by him writing a commentary on England law.
In 1765 Sir William Blackstone wrote a commentary on English law, published by the Calderón Press, Oxford.
The Commentary is considered a major work in the development of English law and played a role in the development of the American legal system.
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Complete Question:
What was an important effect of Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England? People in England no longer had to pay taxes. Common law became more accessible. Judges were able to rule as they pleased. The rights of the accused were done away with.
“Boundary fence question” A Neighbours shed wall is on the boundary line and a fence is built, as close to the shed as possible the palings are on our side. Is the fence line after 15 years taken as the new boundary line In adverse possession law (I live in Victoria, Australia.)?
No jurisdiction would give adverse possession to someone after only three years of inhabiting a sliver of property.
What exactly is an Adverse Possession?Adverse possession, also known colloquially as "squatter's rights," is a legal principle in Anglo-American common law that allows a person who does not have legal title to a piece of property—usually land (real property)—to acquire legal ownership through continuous possession or occupation of the property without the permission (license) of the property's legal owner. Possession by a person is not detrimental if they are in possession as the lawful owner's renter or licensee.
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Before the 1970s, what EMS service was provided to the nation?
O one medical person to ride along in an ambulance
an ambulance driver who knew first aid
O only ambulance service with a stretcher
O a team of at least two EMTS-most of who have the training 2-weeks requirement
Prior to the 1970s, EMS were the main providers of ambulance services, and the quality of their training and the services they offered varied greatly across the country.
What were the ambulance services provided by EMS?The ambulance service typically consisted of a driver who was familiar with basic first aid, however occasionally a single medical professional would accompany the ambulance. The majority of ambulances simply had a stretcher on board, and the service was often centered on taking patients from the scene of an accident or illness to a hospital.Although not perfect, this method frequently resulted in patients receiving subpar or even detrimental care while being transported, and frequently the patient's health would worsen before arriving at the hospital.To know more about ambulance services, refer:
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How does religion affect a person’s fear of crime?
Answer:
Religion can affect a person's fear of crime in various ways, depending on their individual beliefs and values, as well as the teachings and practices of their faith.
For some people, religion may provide a sense of comfort and security that can help to alleviate their fear of crime. For example, someone who has a strong belief in a higher power or in the protection of their faith may feel more confident and reassured that they are being watched over and kept safe.
On the other hand, religion may also increase a person's fear of crime if it teaches that certain actions or behaviors are sinful or immoral, or if it promotes fear and mistrust of outsiders or those who are perceived as different. For example, someone who is taught to fear or avoid certain types of people or places may be more likely to feel anxious or threatened in situations where they encounter those things.
Overall, religion can have both positive and negative effects on a person's fear of crime, depending on the specific beliefs and practices of their faith, as well as their personal experiences and perspective.
Answer:
If everyone in the world was religious crime would be very rare.
It would affect their fear because in most religious book's crime is unacceptable.
Explanation:
do gangs add any value to a neighborhood or community why or why not
Gangs boost crime rates in neighborhoods and provide a poor model for local children. Despite the fact that they fail to complete their education, face employment challenges, engage in drug and alcohol abuse, or wind up in jail, they project an image of strength and respect.
Briefing:-Because of the devastation they can cause to others, communities are afraid of them.
What function do gangs in communities serve?Along with giving weapons and a sense of safety in numbers, or the knowledge that they have individuals who will fight alongside them if necessary, gangs can give its members a sense of protection (Decker & Van Winkle, 1996). Youth safety requirements may be met with the use of such provisions.
What are the top 4 causes for gang membership?Unstable or damaged home.
financial instability
low expectations and levels of education.
members of a family gang.
either one or both parents' neglect.
violence committed against children at home or in the neighborhood.
drug and/or alcohol addiction by one or both parents.
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The Court Packing Plan was an attempt by President Roosevelt to expand the number of justices to the supreme court. The expansion of justices however would only take place if the justices had the same views as Roosevelt thus assisting him with passing his own agenda. The New Deal were a series of program by Roosevelt to bring about economic growth after the stock market crash. Much of these provisions however were decided in the supreme court which provide motivation to Roosevelt to Pack the Court. Much of the New Deal faced challenges and many of the justice department officials opposed the legislature. Roosevelt issued a proposal stating that any judge over 70 should retire with full pay thus leading the way to a majority vote. Both sides congress opposed the court packing plan that Roosevelt presented.
The Court Packing Plan was an attempt by the President Roosevelt in order to expand the number of justices to the Supreme Court.
There was a bill which came to be known as Roosevelt's "Court-Packing Plan", which is a phrase coined by the Edward Rumely. In November 1936, President Roosevelt was said to have won a sweeping re-election victory. So, he proposed to reorganize the federal judiciary.
However, this act was done by adding a new justice each time a justice reached age 70 and failed to retire. Thus, during his 12 years in office, Roosevelt appointed 8 new members of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Hence, Roosevelt decided in order to curb the power of the Supreme Court.
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Which law passed by parliament led to a famous event where colonists dressed up as native americans and committed acts of vandalism and destruction?a. Stamp Actb. Sugar Actc. Townshend Actsd. Tea Act
The Tea Act was passed by parliament that led to a famous event where colonists dressed up as Native Americans and committed acts of vandalism and destruction.
Tea act is one of the intolerable acts that preceded the American Revolution. In the history of the British American colonies, Lord North's legislative maneuver was used by the British ministry to legalize the sale of English tea in the country.
All Townshend Acts charges were removed in 1770, averting a prior crisis. The only duty left was only tea, which since that peridd has been mostly imported into the Colonies by Dutch smugglers.
The Tea Act changed excise laws so that the financially precarious British East India Company could pay the Townshend duty and still shortchange its rivals in order to help it sell the 17,000,000 pounds of tea it had stored in England.
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The Plain Writing Act
SEC. 2. PURPOSE.
The purpose of this Act is to improve the effectiveness and accountability of Federal agencies to the public by promoting clear Government communication that the public can understand and use.
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
AGENCY.—The term “agency” means an Executive agency, as defined under section 105 of title 5, United States Code.
COVERED DOCUMENT.—The term “covered document”
means any document that
is necessary for obtaining any Federal Government benefit or service or filing taxes;
provides information about any Federal Government benefit or service; or
explains to the public how to comply with a requirement the Federal Government administers or enforces;
includes (whether in paper or electronic form) a letter, publication, form, notice, or instruction; and
does not include a regulation.
PLAIN WRITING.—The term “plain writing” means writing that is clear, concise and well-organized, and that follows other best practices appropriate to the subject or field and intended audience.
SEC. 4. RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL AGENCIES.
PREPARATION FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAIN WRITING REQUIREMENTS.—
IN GENERAL.—Not later than 9 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the head of each agency shall—
designate one or more senior officials within the agency to oversee the agency implementation of this Act;
communicate the requirements of this Act to the employees of the agency;
train employees of the agency in plain writing;
establish a process for overseeing the ongoing compliance of the agency with the requirements of this Act;
create and maintain a plain-writing section of the agency’s website as required under paragraph (2) that is accessible from the home page of the agency’s website; and
designate 1 or more agency points of contact to receive and respond to public input on implementation and reports required under section 5.
WEBSITE.—The plain-writing section described under paragraph (1)(E) shall—
inform the public of agency compliance with the requirements of this Act; and
provide a mechanism for the agency to receive and respond to public input on implementation and reports required under section 5.
REQUIREMENT TO USE PLAIN WRITING IN NEW DOCUMENTS.—Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, each agency shall use plain writing in every covered document of the agency that the agency issues or substantially revises.
GUIDANCE.—
IN GENERAL.—Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall develop and issue guidance on implementing the requirements of this section. The Director may designate a lead agency and may use interagency working groups to assist in developing and issuing the guidance.
INTERIM GUIDANCE.—Before the issuance of guidance under paragraph (1), agencies may follow the guidance of the writing guidelines developed by the Plain Language Action and Information Network or guidance provided by the head of the agency that is consistent with those guidelines.
Question
For website pages on tax shelters, the Plain Writing Act requires that which of the following be considered?
What are some of the basic responsibilities of law enforcement supervisors? How do these responsibilities affect their obtainment of the best performance from their subordinates? How important is it to lead by example as a supervisor?
The subordinate power has been increased and they've been made into a superior law enforcement person. they are the ones who defined the law and help them to execute it.
What is a law?The exact meaning of the law is up for debate, but it is generally understood to be a collection of rules that are made and enforced by social or governmental bodies to control behavior.
Some of the basic responsibility of law ensuring supervisor is to make sure and analyze if there is any situation and to diffuse it. This helped them to create a peaceful environment in society. If there is a police officer then he would do it would do everything that is according to the law to defend the person and to make sure that the crime rate has been brought to a minimum.
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What is a local law called?
Answer:
Local laws are called ordinances
What is it called when a state does not follow a federal law?
Answer:
It's called nullification
What is an important factor for high-intensity jobs such as firefighters that can be controlled by the individual
through choices?
O quick memory for procedures
O humor and mental health
O healthy lifestyle
O always handling high stress situations
It is important for firefighters to have a healthy life style since their jobs are highly intense.
How did fire fighters become essential part of the country?A town could be completely destroyed by fire. Runaway fire came dangerously close to destroying Jamestown, Virginia. Chimneys developed into fire risks. Therefore, it was crucial to create effective firefighting techniques in colonial America.
Firefighters were either funded by the insurance companies or were volunteers by the middle of the 19th century.
To help with spatial awareness, tool handling, seeing in low light, and operating the engine, firefighters need good vision.
Regular duties for firefighters include extinguishing flames with hoses, pumps, and other equipment, discover the occupants of burning buildings and save them.
Since the jobs of fire fighters is very intense, they would have to maintain their health individually.
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