naphthalene is a primary component of mothballs; they readily sublime at room temperature. the heat of sublimation for naphthalene, c10h8, is 72.9 kj/mol. how much energy is needed to sublime 15.0 grams of naphthalene? (molar mass

Hydroxide is not a suitable base for deprotonating an alkyne because it is a weak base.

Due to the acetylide ion's lower stability (stronger base) compared to the hydroxide ion. In other words, acetylene cannot be deprotonated using hydroxide.

Deprotonation is the process of eliminating the compound's most acidic proton using a base that you must select. We refer to it as a base because, according to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, the proton donor in an acid-base reaction is the given chemical if it is deprotonated, which makes it a base.

The terminal alkynes can be deprotonated by suitable strong bases, such as NaH or NaNH2, due to the relative high acidity.

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The nitrogen atom in the diagram has three lone pairs of electrons. The nitrogen atom in the structure has three lone pairs, or non-bonding electrons. Lone pairs are electron pairs.

in a molecule that do not form bonds with other atoms. Nitrogen, for example, contains five valence electrons and may create up to three covalent bonds. The nitrogen atom in the diagram has three lone pairs of electrons. The nitrogen atom in the structure has three lone pairs, or non-bonding electrons. Lone pairs are electron pairs. When nitrogen makes three bonds, the leftover electrons become non-bonding pairs, resulting in three lone pairs. The amount of lone pairs on an atom is critical for influencing its molecular geometry and reactivity.

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Barium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ba(OH)2

What are compounds ?

A  compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. They differ from mixtures consisting of  two or more substances physically mixed without chemical bonding. Compounds have their own physical and chemical properties that differ from those of individual elements. For example, the compound water (H2O) has different properties (boiling point, density, solubility, etc.) than its components hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).

Compounds are formed by chemical reactions in which atoms of different elements combine to form new substances. The formation of a compound can be represented by a chemical formula that indicates the type and number of atoms in the compound.

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The concept is to provide diagnostic images using the optimal amount of radiation. If the index is too low, it may indicate poor image quality. If the dose index is too high, it may mean using more radiation than is needed for imaging.

There are three kinds of index numbers, namely:

a. Price index figures, namely comparative figures to measure price changes from one period to another.

b. Number index (quantity), which is a comparison number to measure changes in the amount from one period to another.

c. Value index number, which is a comparison number to measure changes in value from one period to another. Value is calculated by multiplying the price by the amount (quantity).

Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was:

Explain. What is the Index Value for an exposure of low?

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Fermentation is the process by which glucose converts to lactic acid. It occurs under anaerobic condition. Lactate dehydrogenase is the enzyme responsible for it.

Cellular respiration known as anaerobic respiration takes place when oxygen is not present. Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation are the two kinds of anaerobic respiration. Some bacteria convert pyruvic acid into lactic acid. Animal muscle cells exhibit this metabolic mechanism as well. During physical activity, muscle cells' oxygen supply for respiration may not be sufficient. Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid under anaerobic circumstances. When lactate dehydrogenase is present, this takes place. Additionally, an antioxidant like NADH+H+ is reoxidized to NAD+.

A significant portion of the energy is not released throughout the fermentation process. Less than 7% of the glucose's energy is released in this situation. Additionally, not all of it is included in ATP's high energy bonds.

Fermentation process:

In the breakdown of the glucose or 6-carbon molecule, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglyceric acid are produced.

NAD+ undergoes this transformation into NADH+H+.

When combined with 3-phosphoglyceric acid, phosphoenol pyruvic acid eventually yields pyruvic acid.

In this procedure, net 2 ATP molecules are produced (glycolysis).

NADH+H+, a reducing agent that reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid and then reoxidizes to NAD+, aids in this process.

Two pyruvate/pyruvic acid molecules are converted into two lactate/lactic acid molecules through this procedure. The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase is present throughout this process.

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Ammonia has a larger henry's law constant because ammonia has a very strong hydrogen bon-ding with water rather than simple in-ter-molecular forces. It can be measured as 1.62 x 10-5 atm/mole.      

Henry's law constant: Higher the value of henry's law constant, the lower will be the solubility of the gas. It can be explained by using the equation of the Henry's Law standard state of the binary mixture is where the activity of the solute is related with the mole fraction.

Ammonia is a colorless gas having a sharp suffocating o-dor. It dissolves easily in water to form a ammonium hydroxide solution which can cause irr-itation and burns. Ammonia gas will be easily compressed and it forms a clear, colorless liquid under pressure.  

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Explanation:

a 1M solution of a nonionizing substance such as glucose is a 1 Osmolar solution; a 1M solution of NaCl = 2 Osm; and a 1M solution of Na2SO4 =3 Osm. So in our example, the osmolarity of the 0.9% NaCl solution is 0.15M * 2 = 0.3 Osm.0.9% NaCl solution has a molarity of 154 mmol/L whether the solution volume is 1 dL, 1 L, 1 μL, or an Olympic-size swimming pool! Osmolarity is the ratio of osmole content to total solution volume.

The molarity and osmolarity of a 0.9 NaCL solution is 154 μM and 308 μM respectively.

The quantity of solute molecules per litre of solution is known as osmotic concentration, also referred to as osmolarity, and it serves as a measure of solute concentration. In the same way that a solution's molarity is represented by the letter "M," a solution's osmolarity is typically expressed as Osm/L.

Molarity of 0.9% NaCL solution =

0.9% = 9 grams of NaCL in 100 ml of H₂O

Molarity = weight in grams/GMW × v in ml/1000

=  [tex]$\frac{9}{58.44} \times \frac{100}{1000}[/tex]

= 0.00154 M

= 0.00154 × 10⁶

= 154 μM

osmolarity of 0.9% NaCL solution =

Multiply molarity by no. of osmoles

In NaCL the osmoles are Na⁺ and CL⁻ = 2

osmolarity = 154 × 2

= 308 μM

Thus, The molarity and osmolarity of a 0.9 NaCL solution is 154 μM and 308 μM respectively.

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Complete question:

1. what is the molarity and osmolarity of a 0.9% NaCl solution that we will be using to dilute the blood. (NaCL molecular weight= 58.44 g/mol)

The property of the solution is described by the pH is the Acid - Base property.

The pH of the solution is the measure of hydrogen ion concentration in the solution. The pH of the solution describes the acid nature and the basic nature of the solution. The pH scale ranges from the 0 to 14 .

If the pH of the solution is blow the value 7 , it means that the solution is acidic in nature. If the pH of the solution is above 7 than the solution is basic in nature. Th pH value 7 is for neutral solution.

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The 2,3-dimethylbutane structure is as follows: There are no chiral centers in the specified structure. Additionally, the supplied molecule has a plane of symmetry that often eliminates stereoisomerism. As a result, there are no stereoisomers.

In contrast to atomic connection, stereoisomers differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. The mirror-image stereoisomers, a non-superimposable pair of two molecules that are mirror images of one another, are one of their most intriguing types of isomers.

What are stereoisomers exactly?

Stereoisomers are isomers with the same composition (i.e., similar parts), but different orientations in space, according to a general description.

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Answer:

sample containing only BaCl2

and NaCl

is dissolved in 50 mL

of distilled water. Titrating with 0.07916 M

AgNO3

requires 19.46 mL

to reach the end point. What is the weight percent of BaCl2

in the sample? (Molar mass of BaCl2=208.232 gmol−1

and Molar mass of NaCl=58.4425 gmol−1

)

The way I did it was ;

0.1036g of sample contained 266.6745 Molar mass of BaCl2

and NaCl

i.e. 0.1036g of sample= 266.6745 of substance

x g = 208.232 of BaCl2

only

x g=(0.1036*208.232)/266.6745

=0.08089 g

Where 0.08089 g is the mass of BaCl2

present in the sample.

Weight % = (0.08089/0.1036)*100%

= 78%

I don't know if I'm correct.

what is the correct solution to the assignment please?

In other words, the total number of a particular atom is the product of its subscript (s) and the coefficient of the chemical formula of the compound.

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A buffer solution at pH 10 has the ratio of [HA] / [A⁻] of 10.The pKa of the acid is 11.

The pH is as follows :

pH = pka + log [A⁻] / [ HA]

Where

The pH = 10

[A⁻] / [ HA] = 1 / 10

By solving the values , we get :

pH = pka + log [A⁻] / [ HA]

10 = pka + log(1/ 10)

10 = pka + log (0.1 )

10 = pka + (-1 )

10 = pka - 1

pka = 11

The pka value is 11 for the pH of value 10.

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When hydrogen atoms are present in a fuel, they are oxidised to water.

The combustion reactions are commonly exothermic redox reactions between an oxidant and a fuel. When hydrogen is oxidized during combustion it forms water.

A chemical reaction in which a fuel undergoes oxidation by reacting with an oxidizing agent which results in the release of energy generally in the form of heat is called the combustion. The product formed as a result of the combustion is usually an oxidized fuel.

It is not unfamiliar that the combustion reactions are accompanied by the flames. It is very important to note that not all combustion reactions result in fires. The complete combustion reactions can sometimes referred to as clean combustion reactions.

The combustion reaction of hydrogen is given as:

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

When hydrogen is oxidized, it results in the formation of water. When hydrogen atoms are present in a fuel, they are oxidized to water.

Thus water is formed when hydrogen is oxidized.

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The total volume of CO2(g) and H2O(g) produced by the combustion of 1.00L of C2H6(g) at 600 degree Celsius and 0.888 atm is approximately 2.86 L measured at STP.

The combustion of C2H6(g) is a chemical reaction in which the hydrocarbon (C2H6) reacts with oxygen to produce CO2(g) and H2O(g) as the main products. The balanced equation for this reaction is:

C2H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) -> 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g)

According to the ideal gas law (PV = nRT), the volume of a gas is proportional to its temperature and pressure. Therefore, to find the total volume of CO2(g) and H2O(g) produced at 600 degree Celsius and 0.888 atm, we need to convert these conditions to the standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is defined as 0 degree Celsius and 1 atm.

First, we calculate the number of moles of C2H6(g) consumed in the reaction by using the Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT

Where:

P = 0.888 atm

V = 1.00 L

R = 8.31 J/mol*K

T = (600 + 273) K

n = (PV)/(RT) = (0.888 * 1.00)/(8.31 * (600 + 273)) = 0.0257 moles

Next, we use the mole ratios from the balanced chemical equation to find the number of moles of CO2(g) and H2O(g) produced:

n(CO2) = 2 * 0.0257 = 0.0514 moles

n(H2O) = 3 * 0.0257 = 0.0771 moles

Finally, we use the Ideal Gas Law to find the volume of CO2(g) and H2O(g) at STP:

V = nRT/P

Where:

P = 1 atm

T = 273 K

V(CO2) = n(CO2) * R * T/P = 0.0514 * 8.31 * 273/1 = 12.06 L

V(H2O) = n(H2O) * R * T/P = 0.0771 * 8.31 * 273/1 = 17.80 L

The total volume of CO2(g) and H2O(g) is the sum of their individual volumes, which is approximately 2.86 L.

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[tex]$$\mathrm{MgSO}_{4(\mathrm{~s})} \stackrel{\Delta \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{s}_1}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{MgSO}_4 \cdot 7 \mathrm{MH}_2^{+2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{SO}_{4(\mathrm{aq})}^{2-}$$$\\\therefore \quad \Delta \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{s}_1}=\Delta\\\mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{Hyd}}+\Delta\mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{s}_2}$$\\\therefore \quad-20.3=\Delta \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{Hyd}}+4.8$$\\\therefore \quad \Delta \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{Hyd}}=-25.1 \mathrm{kcal} / \mathrm{mole}$[/tex]

The change in enthalpy that occurs when one mole of a gaseous ion dissolves in enough water to generate an infinitely diluted solution under a typical environment of 1 bar pressure is known as the hydration enthalpy (HHyd) (infinite dilution means a further addition of solute will not cause any heat change).

Enthalpy of hydration can be defined as the quantity of energy released upon dilution of one mole of gaseous ions in simple terms. With water acting as the solvent, it can be compared to the enthalpy of solvation. Also known as hydration energy, enthalpy of hydration has a constant negative value.

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Cu(NH3)4synthesis  2+ Compared to H2O, NH3 has more lone electron pairs. H2O is a weaker Lewis base than NH3. More quickly than H2O, NH3 may give a single pair of electrons.

The outside of the nucleus is surrounded by electrons, which are negatively charged particles. Scientists may have trouble observing them since they rotate so quickly.

The electron is the tiniest atom-forming particle or a carrier of the a negative charge. Protons and electrons are both present in equal numbers in a neutral atom. For example, the hydrogen atom only has one proton and one electron. The uranium atom was unique due to its 92 protons & 92 electrons.

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When benzene is reacted with hot sulfuric acid or a mixture of so3 in h2so4, which group replaces a ring h?

The resulting product is the substitution of one of the hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring with a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H).

This reaction is known as sulfonation, and it results in the formation of a sulfonic acid derivative of benzene.

What is Sulfonation?

Sulfonation is a chemical process in which a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) is introduced into a molecule. It is typically performed as a reaction between a sulfonic acid anhydride and a substrate molecule. The result of sulfonation is a sulfonated product, which has increased water solubility and improved acidity compared to the original substrate. Sulfonation is commonly used in the synthesis of surfactants, detergents, and other industrial and commercial products.

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The larger is a uranium nucleus as compared to an iron nucleus is the radius of the uranium is  7.4  × 10⁻¹⁵ m and the iron is 4.59 × 10⁻¹⁵ m .

The average radius of the nucleus with A nucleons is R = R0 A1^/3,

where ,

R0 = 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ m.

A = number of protons + number of nucleons

The Radius = R = R0 A1^/3

The radius of Iron = 56

The Radius = R = 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ m (56)¹/³

The Radius = 4.59 × 10⁻¹⁵ m

The Radius of the Uranium = 235

The Radius = R = 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ m (235)¹/³

The radius = 7.4  × 10⁻¹⁵ m

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The following cation chlorobenzene having a 5 resonating structures.

Resonance structure: These are the group of the two or more Lewis structures which collectively represent a single polyatomic species ' electronic bonding including fractional bonds as well as fractional charges.

Chlorobenzene is an aromatic organic compound having chemical formula C6H5Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and it is widely used as an intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals.

In chlorobenzene, the lone pair present in the chlorine atom shows the resonance with the benzene ring which gives result in an increase in the electron density on the benzene ring which is followed by an increase in its reactivity towards the electrophiles.

--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"How many resonance structures are possible in chlorobenzene?A.4. B.2 C.5 D.3"--

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Additionally, an isentropic process is one that isn't necessarily adiabatic or reversible.

A process that doesn't contain any temperature distribution is known as an asynchronous machine. This does not imply that the temperature is constant; rather, it indicates that no heat is being introduced into or removed from the system.

When a body is changing its thermodynamic state, an adiabatic process is taking place without any heat being supplied to it. Therefore, the body is adiabatically isolated. An inertial process is a mechanical change in which the body's temperature remains constant.

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The pH of the solution that the concentration of [H₃O⁺]  1.39 × 10⁻² M is the 1.85 .

The concentration of [H₃O⁺] = 1.39 × 10⁻² M

The pH expression is as follows :

pH = - log  [H₃O⁺]

where, the concentration of [H₃O⁺] = 1.39 × 10⁻² M

By solving the values , we get :

pH = - log  [H₃O⁺]

pH = - log ( 1.39 × 10⁻²  )

pH = - log ( 1.39 ) + - log 10⁻²

pH = - 0.143 + 2

pH = 1.85

Thus, the pH of the solution is 1.85 with the concentration of [H₃O⁺] is  1.39 × 10⁻² M.

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20-35% of the total calories that are obtained from out food products are from the fats.

The food that we eat is rich in a number of essential nutrients which are required by our body and these include protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals etc. Our body breaks down the complex food in simpler substances in order to produce energy which is necessary to perform the day to day activities in our life.

The major sources of calories in the food are the carbohydrates followed by the fats and proteins. About 45 to 65 percent of the total calories comes from the carbohydrates, 20 to 35 percent comes from the fat, and about 10 to 35 percent of the calories come from protein.

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The vapor pressure (in torr) at 293 k in a solution prepared by dissolving 16.20 g of the non-volatile non-electrolyte urea {CO(NH₂)₂} in 156 g of water.

The relative lowering of vapor pressure is one of colligative property. That means the vapor pressure of the solution should be lower than the vapor pressure of solvent i.e. water. The formula to calculate the vapor pressure of the solution is (P° - P)/P° = x, where P° = vapor pressure of solvent i.e. water = 17.54 torr.

Mol of solute = mass / molar mass = 16.20 g /60g/mol = 0.27 mol

Mol of solvent = mass / molar mass = 156g/18g/mol = 8.66 mol

Total moles = 0.27 mol + 8.66 mol = 8.93 mol

Hence, x = (0.27mol) /(8.93 mol) = 0.0302.

Now put these data into the above equation to find the vapor pressure of solution(P).

=> P = P° ( 1 - x )

=> P = 17.54 ( 1 - 0.0302 )

=> P = 17.54 × 0.9698

=> P = 17.01

Hence, the required vapour pressure of water is 17.01 torr at 293 k.

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By the help of , standard deviation  in first part option c is correct, in second part ,  [tex]P(1.3125 < \bar{y} < 2.5625)=0.0895[/tex],  in third part  [tex]\bar{y}=3.9266[/tex]

The standard deviation, a statistic that describes how evenly distributed a dataset is in regard to its mean, is determined by taking the square root of the variance. The standard deviation can be calculated as the square root of variance by computing the deviation of each data point from the mean. The bigger the deviation within the data collection, the further the data points deviate from the mean; hence, the higher the standard deviation, the more dispersed the data.

we have [tex]\mu=3.795[/tex]and [tex]\sigma=0.6.[/tex]

1.) Approximate of y-bar will be normal distribution with mean [tex]\mu_{\bar{y}}=\mu=3.795[/tex].) and standard deviation equal to[tex]\sigma_{\bar{y}}=\sigma/\sqrt{n}=\frac{0.6}{\sqrt{60}}=0.0775[/tex]So option c is correct with fill in blanks equal to 3.795 g/mi and 0.08 g/mi respectively.

2.) Let us find z-score for 3.9 so

[tex]z=\frac{\bar{y}-\mu_{\bar{y}}}{\sigma_{\bar{y}}}=\frac{3.9-3.795}{0.08}=1.3125[/tex]

and z-score for 4 will be

[tex]z=\frac{\bar{y}-\mu_{\bar{y}}}{\sigma_{\bar{y}}}=\frac{4-3.795}{0.08}=2.5625[/tex]

So [tex]P(1.3125 < \bar{y} < 2.5625)=0.0895[/tex]

3.) From z-table, area right to z-score 1.645 is 0.05.So

[tex]1.645=\frac{\bar{y}-3.795}{0.08} \\\\:\bar{y}=3.9266[/tex]

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The average of the three trials is 0.791 g/ml, which is close to the actual density of ethanol (0.789 g/ml).

Ethanol is an organic chemical compound, also known as ethyl alcohol, that is found in alcoholic beverages and has many uses in industry. It is produced by the fermentation of sugar and starches, such as corn and wheat, and is often used as an additive in gasoline. Ethanol has a variety of practical applications, including being used as a solvent, a fuel, an antiseptic and a preservative. It is also used in the manufacture of perfumes, paints, solvents, plastics and pharmaceuticals.

Trial 1: Mass = 42.3 g, Volume = 53.5 ml

Density: 42.3 g / 53.5 ml = 0.791 g/ml

Trial 2: Mass = 42.1 g, Volume = 53.4 ml

Density: 42.1 g / 53.4 ml = 0.790 g/ml

Trial 3: Mass = 42.2 g, Volume = 53.3 ml

Density: 42.2 g / 53.3 ml = 0.792 g/ml

The average of the three trials is 0.791 g/ml, which is close to the actual density of ethanol (0.789 g/ml).

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A lubricant must keep its properties in the presence of additives and other items. Lubricating oil colours are more of a test for a grade or brand of oil's consistency than they are for its attributes. Thus, option B is correct.

There are four different kinds of liquid lubricants. Mineral oil a. It is a material made from petroleum. These oils are stable at high temperatures because they have a high paraffine and naphthanic content.

Examples include steam cylinder oil, wire rope oil, refrigeration grade oil, gear oil, machine or engine oil, and circulating oil.

Therefore, they should be used at lower cutting speeds than other types of cutting fluids. They make cutting surfaces smoother.

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The average velocity of the gas on 18° C is [tex]\sqrt{\frac{8 \ R \ 18}{\pi \ M} }[/tex].

The average velocity of the gas on 45° C is  [tex]\sqrt{\frac{8 \ R \ 45}{\pi \ M} }[/tex]

The average velocity of gas = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{8 \ RT}{\pi \ M} }[/tex]

R= gas constant

M= molecular mass of gas

T= temperature

Average Kinetic energy increases with the temperature. The velocity of the molecules also increases.  Different molecules are moving with different speeds so we take the average of the motion of particles.

Average Kinetic energy = [tex]\frac{3}{2} K \ T[/tex]

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Explanation:

When the 1-chlorobutane is treated with sodium hydroxide, two products are formed are the correct option is C. 1 - butene F. 1 - butanol.

When 1-chlorobutane is treated with sodium hydroxide, The reaction is as follows :

1) The substitution reaction take place :

Cl - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₃   +  NaOH  ---->  OH - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₃

   1-chlorobutane             sodium hydroxide             1 - butanol              

2) The elimination reaction take place :

Cl - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₃   +  NaOH  ---->  CH = CH - CH₂ - CH₃

1-chlorobutane             sodium hydroxide     1-butene

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Molecular substances are substances composed of molecules, which are formed by the combination of atoms through covalent bonds.

The classification of the substances as molecular or ionic is as follows:

Molecular: Glucose, Water, Chlorine, Methane, Ammonia, Copper sulfide

Ionic: Calcium oxide, Silver nitrate, Potassium chloride, Barium sulfate, Sodium hydroxide.

In a molecular substance, atoms share electrons to form stable molecular structures. Unlike ionic compounds, where ions are held together by electrostatic forces, molecular substances have atoms held together within a molecule by covalent bonding.

These substances tend to have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds. This is because the intermolecular forces between molecules, such as van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding, are weaker than the strong electrostatic forces between ions. Consequently, molecular substances often exist as gases, liquids, or solids with relatively low melting points.

Molecular substances consist of covalently bonded atoms, whereas ionic substances contain ions held together by electrostatic forces.

Therefore, the classification of the substances as molecular or ionic is as follows:

Molecular: Glucose, Water, Chlorine, Methane, Ammonia, Copper sulfide

Ionic: Calcium oxide, Silver nitrate, Potassium chloride, Barium sulfate, Sodium hydroxide.

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