Nadeau et al., (Royal Soc. B. 2007) Reconstructed dN/dS ratios for genes involved in sexually dimorphic plumage in pigeons and their relatives.

i. Let’s imagine that Nadeau et al., tested 5 genes, and got the followingdN/dS ratios:

gene1: 0.01
gene2: 0.05
gene 3: 0.90
gene 4: 1.01
gene 5: 2.34

Which gene has a dN/dS ratio that provides the strongest evidence of negative (‘purifying’) selection?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct option is gene 1 with the dN/dS ratio of 0.01

Explanation:

In order for negative selection to occur, the dN/dS ratio has to be between 0 and 1. There three genes that lie within this range, and hence, we can choose the smallest one to provide the strongest evidence among those to represented as the one being negatively selected. Where the dN/dS ratio is equal to 1, it means neutral and where the dN/dS ratio is greater than 1, it means positive selection.

Hope that answers the question, have a great day!

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Related Questions

CRAZY REWARD FOR ANSWER AND 5 STARS FOR EVERY ANSWER



The apple tree receives 1000kJ of light from the Sun, but only uses 500kJ. Of this, only 250kJ are stored in the tree to be transferred through the food chain.

a)Calculate the efficiency of the tree (2)

b)State the ways in which the remaining energy has been transferred out the of the food chain (3)

Answers

a) [tex]\frac{250}{1000}[/tex] × [tex]100[/tex] [tex]= 25[/tex]%

b) Respiration, decomposition

The carbon cycle is closely related to which of the following?

nitrogen cycle
movement of oxygen
rock cycle
water cycle

Answers

The water cycle
P h o t o s y n t h e s i s

Answer:

Actually, the correct answer is B. movement of oxygen.

Explanation:

When you smile, you have dimples is this a gen or a jene

Answers

Answer:

It's a gen.

Explanation:

Which resource is a non-renewable resources? A.fresh water B.Maple trees C.Solar Energy B.Precious metal

Answers

Answer:

Precious Metal, bc nature will not renew it and there's just a limited amount on any given planet.

Technically true for the sum of all water on the planet too, but fresh water gets renewed by cyclical processes in nature.

and solar energy (and trees for that matter) are also just renewed from our earthly perspective of space and time. stars do nuclear fusion, and this is a one-way process, single use basically.

so nothing is truly renewable, but we can't use up some things and get new supply for any given time, at least in time spans we can grasp.

(own work. would really, reallly appreciate the brainliest)

The ______________ system consists of the hypothalamus, pituitary, amygdala and hippocampus. They are located in the brain just under the cerebrum.
A) endocrine
B) limbic
C) nervous
D) skeletal

Answers

Answer:

The answer is B or limbic.

Explanation:

"The amygdala is the emotion center of the brain, while the hippocampus plays an essential role in the formation of new memories about past experiences."

Answer: LIMBIC  

Explanation: I JUST DID IT.

Calculate ​pH a decrease of one unit on the pH scale means a solution is ten times more acidic. a decrease of two units means the solution is 100 times more acidic. how much more acidic is acid precipitation( pH = 4.0) than pure water (PH= 7.0 )

Answers

Answer:

Each unit of decrease has an exponential increase. So if you are looking at an item that has a Ph of 4 and water has a Ph of 7 —-that means it is 10 to the 3rd power more acidic or 1000 times more acidic than water.

Explanation:

A decrease of one unit on the pH scale means a solution is ten times more acidic; a decrease of two units means the solution is 100 times more acidic; so pH 4 means the solution is thousands of times more acidic than normal water.

What is the effect of pH on the cell?

The pH scale shows the pH from 1 to 14, where pH 7 is taken as neutral, below which the solution is more acidic, and above which the solution is more basic. The pH has an important role in the organism as it regulates the blood and maintains enzymatic function.

Hence, a decrease of one unit on the pH scale means a solution is ten times more acidic; a decrease of two units means the solution is 100 times more acidic; so pH 4 means the solution is thousands of times more acidic than normal water.

Learn more about the pH here.

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I need help please and thank you

Answers

Answer:

i think its C.population density

Explanation:

biomass shows how much biomass (the amount of living or organic matter present in an organism) is present in the organisms

Answer:

A biomass pyramid shows the population density at each trophic level

which statement best explains the difference the difference in growth among the plants

Answers

Answer:

Where are the statements

Incineration is a way to control pollution. which is an example of an incinerator

Answers

Answer: For example, hospitals and research facilities generally use incinerators to dispose of biological tissues, blood-contaminated materials, and other medical wastes such as disposable hypodermic needles and tubing.

Explanation:

Answer:

afterbuner

Explanation:

Which of these are included in the immune response? Select 3 correct answers. T-cells lymphocytes B-cells stem cells oil

Answers

T-cells cause they take part in the immune response

Answer:

A, B, C

Explanation:

Question 2 (1 point)
The main goal of conservation biology is to

Answers

Answer:

(1) to investigate and describe the diversity of the living world; (2) to understand the effects of human activities on species, communities, and ecosystems ; and (3) to develop practical interdisciplinary approaches to protecting and restoring biological diversity.

Explanation:

To protect species from extinction, preserve their habitats and protect bio diversity.

Will change in ocean salinity cause a change in climate overall? Why or why not?

Answers

Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

Ocean play very important role in climate change. Change in the salinity of ocean definitely going to affect climate because changes in salinity have effect on water density.

Change in density allows changes in the movement of seawater and shift in climate pattern. if salinity will increase, water will become heavier and sink deep in ocean, which joins the currents that circulate all over the world. These currents affects the transport of heat and affect the rainfall pattern, example of such currents is gulf stream.

So, stable salt densities or salinity in the oceans keep the earth’s climate in balance.

What is the process responsible for gamete formation?

Answers

Answer: Formation of Gametes

Both the male and female gametes are formed during a process of cellular reproduction called meiosis. During meiosis, the DNA is only replicated or copied one time. However, the cells are divided into four separate cells.

Explanation:

Please help me I’m so confused

Answers

Answer:

I think wave A might have a lower pitch

Explanation:

Maybe since it has a lower frequency it has a lower pitch.

Answer:

Wave A has a lower pitch.

2. Name the vessels that arise from the aortic arch

Answers

Answer:

Three vessels come out of the aortic arch: the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.

Explanation:

Hope this helps! <3

Which of the following are examples of an inherited trait for plants? (Check ALL correct answer.)

a) The type of fruit it makes
b) How tall it grows
c) If it receives enough rain
d) The color of its flowers

Answers

I am pretty sure the answers would be A and D but I’m not sure on B because a lot of factors feed into B but I would go with A and D.

Answer:

A,b,d

Explanation: These are traits

The image shows the femur bone of the leg and part of skull . Identify the various bone markings in the image

Answers

Answer: A fossa is a shadow depression in the bones of the skull. A firearm is a hole in a bone. In the image of the skull, the hole at the base is the opening through which the spinal cord passes. A tubercle is a small nodualr projection, which is visible in the image of the femur bone of the leg.

Explanation: Edmentum

Normal cells die in a nutrient medium containing thymidine and methotrexate, whereas mutant cells defective in thymidylate synthase survive and grow. The mutant cells grow because the medium contains the___________ they are unable to make normal cells, however, continue to synthesize their own and thereby convert their limited supply of to________ . The methotrexate inhibits , so cannot be regenerated. Without a supply of___________ for the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, the cells die.

Answers

Answer:

*Thymidine

*THF to DHF

*THF

Explanation:

Normal cells die in a nutrient medium containing thymidine and methotrexate, whereas mutant cells defective in thymidylate synthase survive and grow. The mutant cells grow because the medium contains the_____Thymidine______ they are unable to make normal cells, however, continue to synthesize their own and thereby convert their limited supply of to__THF to DHF______ . The methotrexate inhibits , so cannot be regenerated. Without a supply of______THF_____ for the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, the cells die.

NOTE:

THF means Tetrahydrofolate

DHF means Dihydrofolate

Thymidine which is also reffered to as deoxythymidine, is described as a deoxynucleoside that is composed of the pyrimidine base thymine that is attached to the sugar deoxyribose. Thymidine is a nucleoside made up of pentose sugar, pyrimidine base tymine and deoxyribose, it is one of the the four nucleoside found in exclusively DNA as well as T-loop of tRNA.

Tetrahydrofolate also known as tetrahydrofolic acid can be described as part of folic acid that function as a coenzyme which aid metabolic reactions that includes nucleic acid and amino acids. It is also reffered to as one-carbon metabolism, and it's oone-carbon mechanism is associated to the histidine, serine of amino acid.

state what scientists might do to successfully combat bacteria that are resistant to vancomycin​

Answers

Answer:

Probably make a new medicine.

Find a new chemical to combat the bacteria or they can genetically engineer new antibiotics



Yersinia pestis, the organism that causes the bubonic plague, led to the deaths of approximately 75 million people is the 1300's. This was known as the Black Death. Which type of organism caused the bubonic plague?

Answers

Answer:

Yersinia pests

Explanation:

it is  a bacterium. its vectors is infected flea from an animal.  The plague  can also results from contact with contaminated fluid from dead infected animal   from bubonic plague.

when the flea bites, the bacterium enters the blood stream and through the lymphatic systems it finds it way into the lymph nodes of the armpit and pubic region.

it localized in the nodes leading to swelling, enlarged nodes-buboe, with  painful sensation.

chills, high fever, seizures, are some of the symptoms.

proper hygiene is the best preventive methods.

fhelp me plzzzzzzzzzzz

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The answer would be oxides

Choose the true statements about amyloid fibrils. 3 options are correct:a) An amyloid fibril typically forms from aggregates of misfolded peptides resulting from frameshift mutations. b) An amyloid fibril is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues. c) Soluble proteins that misfold and form amyloid fibrils become insoluble. d) Because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly, the accumulation of misfolded proteins (or fragments) tends to occur slowly, thus explaining the slow onset of disease. e) Proteins that convert to an amyloid fibril structure tend to have low solubility in their native form.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answers are: b) "An amyloid fibril is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues", c) "Soluble proteins that misfold and form amyloid fibrils become insoluble", and d) "Because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly, the accumulation of misfolded proteins (or fragments) tends to occur slowly, thus explaining the slow onset of disease".

Explanation:

Amyloid fibrils are protein aggregates that can cause pathological conditions, for instance, they are found in brain tissue in people with Alzheimer disease. This disease, and other relates diseases, have a slow onset because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly and the protein aggregates are made up misfolded proteins. This newly synthesized proteins are soluble, but once the proteins are misfolded, they form amyloid fibrils that are insoluble. The amyloid fibrils are stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues, which are formed within the complex of insoluble misfolded proteins.

7. Compare and contrast the roles and structures of DNA
and RNA​

Answers

Answer: dna and rna have four nitrogenous three of which they share Cytosine, Adenine, and Guanine the differs between the rna has Uracil and the dna has thymine but dna is doubled  stranded and rna is single stranded

Thymine

Explanation:

the following are the size of shoes 7,3,8,4,6,7
find the
1 mean
2 mode​

Answers

Answer:

Mean is 28.3

Mode is 7

Explanation:

Mode is 7
Not sure about mean

Which factors of earth postion would contribute to long term climate change?

Answers

Answer:

Strength of the sun. ...

Changes in the Earth's orbit. ...

Changes in the orientation of the Earth's axis of rotation. ...

Quantity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. ...

Carbon dioxide content of the oceans.

Explanation:

here is your answer i think this might be to advaiesds   for answer

please just say thanks

It allows radiation to seep through the ozone and lowers temperatures.
It causes temperatures to rise.
It reflects solar energy back into space and lowers temperatures.
It causes rainstorms.
It reflects solar energy back into space and lowers temperatures.

What is the runoff pollution, and what causes it?

Answers

Answer:

Polluted agricultural runoff is a major source of water pollution globally. Agricultural runoff is primarily caused by melted snow or rainfall. It is, in essence, water that does not stay in the soil but instead flows on the surface and carries a variety of polluting elements.

Explanation:

The lovely people at google

How did Scientist find the human gene that makes insulin

Answers

Answer:

Recombinant DNA is a technology scientists developed that made it possible to insert a human gene into the genetic material of a common bacterium. This “recombinant” micro-organism could now produce the protein encoded by the human gene. Scientists build the human insulin gene in the laboratory.

Explanation:

Which phrases accurately describe this rock? Check all that apply.

1.formed underground
2.randomly arranged grains
3.formed through sedimentation
4.formed by extreme heat and pressure
5.layers that tend to split apart along bands

Answers

Explanation:

4. formed by extreme heat and pressure

1. formed underground

Answer: Formed underground

Formed by extreme heat and pressure

Explanation:

What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

Answers

Answer:

The most basic function of the cell cycle is to duplicate accurately the vast amount of DNA in the chromosomes and then segregate the copies precisely into two genetically identical daughter cells. These processes define the two major phases of the cell cycle.

Explanation:

Decomposers act in which level of the trophies pyramid?

Answers

They are the “last trophic level” in some hierarchies because they feed on everything (National Geographic). However, according to the strict trophic level definition they would be primary consumers

Answer:

Decomposeds act on the last trophie level.

Explanation:

A separate trophic level, the decomposers or transformers, consists of organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and waste materials into nutrients usable by the producers.

Other Questions
Find the zeros of the function. Enter the solutions from least to greatest. f(x) = (x - 4)^2 - 25lesser x=greater x= What percent of the people are between 20 and 37 years old The Lopez-Portillo Company has $11.3 million in assets, 90 percent financed by debt, and 10 percent financed by common stock. The interest rate on the debt is 10 percent and the par value of the stock is $10 per share. President Lopez-Portillo is considering two financing plans for an expansion to $21.5 million in assets. Under Plan A, the debt-to-total-assets ratio will be maintained, but new debt will cost a whopping 10 percent! Under Plan B, only new common stock at $10 per share will be issued. The tax rate is 30 percent. a. If EBIT is 11 percent on total assets, compute earnings per share (EPS) before the expansion and under the two alternativesEarnings Per ShareCurrent $ Plan A $ Plan B $ b. What is the degree of financial leverage under each of the three plans? (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)Degree OfFinancial LeverageCurrent Plan A Plan B c. If stock could be sold at $20 per share due to increased expectations for the firms sales and earnings, what impact would this have on earnings per share for the two expansion alternatives? Compute earnings per share for each. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)Earnings Per SharePlan A $ Plan B $ Caroline walked 5 kilometers due east, and then she turned around and walked 5 kilometers due west. How many kilometers is Caroline from her starting point? Which is an example of a beneficial mutation? ANSWERRRR HELPPP !!! choices : one that changes the color of a rabbit, allowing it to hide from predators.one that results in lighter flower petal colors without changing the plants ability to reproduce one that causes a persons body to produce thick mucus that clogs the lungs one that makes it easier for a corn plant to contract a disease 3x+17 A patient was supposed to take 560 mg of medicine, but took only 420 mg. What percent of the medicine did the patient take? PLEASE HELP ME with an explanation. Thanks in advance Why would there be a problem within the team if there is an coworker displaying attitude and temper problems? choose the signal word that point to cause I n the the passage bestA Response Options Calculator (ROCI can be used when responding to an oil spill to help predict how the oil will change over time and determine which methods can bused to clean it. What is the benefit of this type of tool?It allows the oil company to determine the amount of their losses.It measures the weather conditions to let responders know if they can start cleaning.It helps save time and money by finding the most effective clean up methods.It assesses how many people will be needed to completely clean up the entire spill.Question 13 Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) Can someone please translate this to English please ASAP Select the correct answer. The equation of a line is y=-3x-2. What are the slope and the y-intercept of the line? A. slope = -3 and y-Intercept = 2 slope = 3 and y-Intercept = -2 slope = 3 and y-intercept = 2 D. slope = -3 and y-intercept = -2 Which has emerged as the worlds main political unit?the presidentthe statethe courtsthe legislature Which market structure describes many firms selling the exact same product -- like a commodity?Group of answer choicesmonopolistic competitionmonopolyoligopolyperfect competition In 3 and 4, Classify each triangle by its sides and then by its angles Why do you think adding water (dilution) changes how acidic or basic the liquid is? Explain your thinking. I really need help figuring out how to make the inequality Two common forms of narrative poetry are the _____. Select all that apply. A) haiku B) limerick C) ballad D) epic Which of the following best describes the equation below?y = 3x^2 + 5A. linearB. nonlinearC. neither linear nor nonlinearD. both linear and nonlinear