Moving mirror M2 of a Michelson interferometer a distance of 90 μm causes 470 bright-dark-bright fringe shifts.What is the wavelength of the light?

Answer:

The factors of production are resources that are the building blocks of the economy; they are what people use to produce goods and services. Economists divide the factors of production into four categories: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship

Answer:

1999.46 mm

45.59 s

Explanation:

given that

cylindrical water tank with diameter, D = 3 m

Height of the tank above the ground, h = 2 m

Depth of the water in the tank, d = 2 m

Diameter of hole, d = 0.420 cm

We start by calculating the volume of water in the tank, which is given as

Volume = πr²h

V = (πD²)/4 * h

V = (3.142 * 3²)/4 * 2

V = 28.278/4 * 2

V = 7.07 * 2

V = 14.14 m³

If 1.0 gal of water is equal to 0.0038m³, then

1 gal is 0.0038 = A * h

the area of the tank is 7.07 m²

therefore, 0.0038 = 7.07 * h

h₁ =0.00054 m = 0.54 mm is the height of water that flow out

the change in height of water in the tank = h - h₁ = 2 - 0.00054 = 1.99946 m

b)

Like we stated earlier, 1.0 gal of water is 0.0038m³

to solve this we use the formula

Q = Cd * A * √2gH

where Cd is a discharge coefficient, and is given by 0.9 for water

A is the area of the small hole

A = (πD²)/4

A = (π * 0.0042²)/4

A = 5.54*10^-5 / 4

A = 1.39*10^-5 m²

H= height of the hole from the tank water level = 2m - 0.0042 = 1.9958 m

g = 9.8 m/s²

Q = 0.9 * 1.39*10^-5 m² * √2 * 9.8 * 1.9958

Q = 1.251*10^-5 * 6.25

Q = 7.82*10^-5 m³/s

Q = V/t

t = V/Q = 0.0038m³ / 7.82*10^-5 m³/s

t = 45.59 s

The complete question is;

A positive point charge Q is fixed on a very large horizontal frictionless tabletop. A second positive point charge q is released from rest near the stationary charge and is free to move. Which statement best describes the motion of q after it is released?

A) Its speed will be greatest just after it is released.

B) Its acceleration is zero just after it is released.

C) As it moves farther and farther from Q, its speed will keep increasing

D) As it moves farther and farther from Q, its acceleration will keep increasing.

Answer:

Option C - As it moves farther and farther from Q, its speed will keep increasing.

Explanation:

We are told that when a second positive point charge(q) is released from rest near the stationary charge and it's free to move. Thus, the stationary charge will now exert a repulsive force upon thus second positive point charge and it will go on decreasing because the mobile charge will move away from the stationary charge. Thus, it will have a decreasing but positive acceleration . So we can conclude that it's velocity will keep increasing but it will be at a declining rate.

Thus, the correct answer is;

Option C - As it moves farther and farther from Q, its speed will keep increasing.

Answer:

9,000 kg/ms^2

Explanation:

The computation of the pressure fall across the valve is shown below:

It is to be computed by using the following formula

[tex]\Delta P = \frac{1}{2}\times K\times P\times v^2[/tex]

where,

[tex]\Delta P[/tex] = Fall in pressure

k = Coefficent loss

P = Loss of density

V = velocity of water

But before reach to the final solution first we have to determine the loss of density which is

[tex]P = \frac{r}{g}\\\\ = \frac{9,800 N/m^{3}}{9.81 m/s^{2}}\\\\ = 999kg/m^{3}\\\\ = 1000kg/m^{3}[/tex]

Now put all other values to the given formula

So,

[tex]= 2 \times \frac{1}{2} \times 1000 \times 3^2 \\\\ = 9,000 kg/ms^2[/tex]

Explanation:

Pressure = force / area

P = (7400 kg × 10 m/s²) / (8.00 m × 6.80 m)

P = 1360 Pa

Answer:

16 is D, 17 is A, 18 is C, 19 is B    ( would approve of brainliest)

Explanation:

16 is D, 17 is A, 18 is C, 19 is B

In the First option, distance is constant so D shows the correct graph,

In the second option, distance is increasing with time so, the velocity graph A is correct,

In the third option distance is constantly increasing with time, so C is the correct option.

In the last option distance is decreasing with time, so option B is the correct.

A distance-time graph is defined as how far an object has traveled in a given amount of time which is a simple line graph that shows the plot of distance versus time on a graph. Distance is plotted on the Y-axis while time is plotted on the X-axis.

The graphs which is shown in the question is distance-time graphs for various types of body motion.

Thus, the correct options for 16, 17, 18 and 19 are D, A, C and B respectively.

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Answer:

The distance travel during race is 13 m.

Explanation:

Given that,

Initial speed = 0

Final speed = 13 m/s

Unit time = 1 sec

We need to calculate the distance travel during race

Using formula of distance

[tex]d=vt[/tex]

Where, d = distance

v = velocity

t = time

Put the value into the formula

[tex]d=13\times1[/tex]

[tex]d=13\ m[/tex]

Hence, The distance travel during race is 13 m.

Answer:

The wavelength is  [tex]\lambda = 10.01 *10^{-15} \ m[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

  The  speed is  [tex]v = 0.132 c[/tex]

Where c is the speed of light with value  [tex]c = 3.0 *10^{8} \ m/s[/tex]

Generally the wavelength is mathematically represented as

    [tex]\lambda = \frac{h}{m* v }[/tex]

where m is the mass of the proton with the value  [tex]m = 1.6726 ^{-27} \ kg[/tex]

           h is the Planck's constant with value  [tex]h = 6.626 *10^{-34} \ J\cdot s[/tex]

=>    [tex]\lambda = \frac{6.626 *10^{-34}}{1.6726 *10^{-34}* 0.132*3.0*10^8 }[/tex]

=>   [tex]\lambda = 10.01 *10^{-15} \ m[/tex]

Answer:

K = 1.525 10⁻⁹ x⁴ + 4.1 10⁶ x

Explanation:

To find the variation of kinetic energy, let's use the work energy theorem

            W = ΔK

           ∫ F .dx = K -K₀

If the body starts from rest K₀ = 0

           ∫ F dx cos θ = K

Since the force and displacement are in the same direction, the angle is zero, so the cosine is 1

we substitute  and integrate

          α ∫ x³ dx + β ∫ dx = K

          α x⁴ / 4 + β x / 1 = K

we evaluate from the lower limit F = 0 to the upper limit F

         α (x⁴ / 4 -0) + β (x -0) = K

        K = αX⁴ / 4 + β x

        K = 1.525 10⁻⁹ x⁴ + 4.1 10⁶ x

in order to finish the calculation we must know the displacement

Answer:

1.1 x 10^10J

Explanation:

∫x2,x1F(x)dx = ∫7.5 x 10^4 m ,0 (αx3+β)dx.

(αx4/4+βx) 7.5 x 10^4 m, 0

((6.1×10−9N/m3)( 7.5×104m)^4)/4 - (4.1×106N)( 7.5×104m) -0)

= 4.825 x 10^10 - 30.75 x 10^10

= 25.925 x 10^10J

= 2.5925 x 10^11J

The kinetic energy KE2 is,

KE2 = KE1 + ∫x2,x1F(x)dx

       = 2.7×1011J - .5925 x 10^11J

        = 0.1065 x 10^11J

        = 1.1 x 10^10J

Answer:

The average energy delivered to a surface is 19.116 W/m².

Explanation:

Given;

maximum electric field, E₀ = 120 v/m

The average energy delivered by the wave to a surface is given by

[tex]I_{avg} = \frac{c\epsilon_ o E_o^2}{2}[/tex]

where;

c is the speed of light, = 3 x 10⁸ m/s

ε₀ is the permittivity of free space = 8.85 x 10⁻¹² c²/Nm²

[tex]I_{avg} = \frac{c\epsilon_ o E_o^2}{2} \\\\I_{avg} = \frac{(3*10^8)(8.85*10^{-12})( 120)^2}{2}\\\\ I_{avg} =19.116 \ W/m^2[/tex]

Therefore, the average energy delivered to a surface is 19.116 W/m².

Answer:

40 miles / hour south

Explanation:

120 miles/3 hours = 40 miles / hour

Answer:

v = 40 miles / hour

Explanation:

using velocity formula v = d / t

where d = distance and t = time

      120 miles

v = --------------

       3 hours

v = 40 miles / hour

Answer:

 P = 2923.89 W

Explanation:

Power is

     P = F v

so This exercise will solve them in parts using the conservation of momentum and then using the conservation of energy

To use the conservation of the momentum we must define a system, formed by the bodies, so that the forces during the collision have internal forces and the moment is conserved

initial instant, before the crash

        p₀ = m v

final instant. Right after the crash

       [tex]p_{f}[/tex] = (M + m) v₂

       p₀ =p_{f}

       m v = (M + m) v₂

       v₂ = m / (m + M) v

this is the speed with which two come out, now we can apply the conservation of energy to the system formed by the two bodies together

Starting point. Lower

        Em = K = ½ (M + m) v²

Final point. Highest point

        Em = U = (M + m) g h

        Eo₀ = [tex]Em_{f}[/tex]

         ½ (M + m) v2 = (M + m) g h

          h = 1/2 v2 / g

          h = ½ [m / (m + M) v] 2 / g

          h = 1/2 (m / m + M) 2 / g we must calculate the force, let's use Newton's second law, let's set a coordinate system with a parallel axis flat and the other axis (y) perpendicular to the plane

X Axis

         Fe - Wₓ = 0

         F = Wₓ

Y Axis

         N - [tex]W_{y}[/tex] = 0

let's use trigonometry for the components of the weight

         sin 6 = Wₓ / W

         cos 6 = [tex]W_{y}[/tex] / W

         Wx = W sin 6

         W_{y}= W cos 6

          F = mg cos 6

          F = 75 9.8 cos 6

          F = 730.97 N

let's calculate the power

        P = F v

        P = 730.97 4.0

        P = 2923.89 W

Answer:

0.276

0.9

0.756

Explanation:

Given that

Wavelength of the light, λ = 588 nm

Distance from the slit to the screen, L = 2.7 m

Width of the slit, a = 0.0351 mm

a point on the screen, y = 1.3 cm = 0.013 m

Sinθ = y/L

Sinθ = 0.013/2.7

sinθ = 0.0081

θ = sin^-1 0.00481

θ = 0.276°

α = (π.a.sinθ)/λ

α = (3.142 * 3.51*10^-5 * sin 0.276) / 588*10^-9

α = 5.3*10^-7 / 588*10^-9

α = 0.9 rad

I/i(m) = ((sinα)/α)²

I/I(m) = ((sin 0.9) / 0.9)²

I/I(m) = (0.783/0.9)²

I/I(m) = 0.87²

I/I(m) = 0.756

Note, our calculator has to be set in Rad instead of degree for part C, to get the answer

Answer:

Explanation:

Given data

power P= 2 kW

time t= 15 min to hours = 15/60= 1/4 h

cost of power consumption per kWh= 10 cent = $0.1

We are expected to compute the cost of operating the heater for 30 days

but let us computer the energy consumption for one day

Energy of heater  for one day= 2* 1/4 = 0.5 kWh

the cost of operating the heater for 30 days= 0.5*0.1*30= $1.50

Hence it will cost  $1.50 for 30 days operation

Answer:

      θ’ = θ₀ / 2

we see that the resolution angle is reduced by half

Explanation:

The resolving power of a radar is given by diffraction, for which we will use the Rayleigh criterion for the resolution of two point sources, they are considered resolved if the maximum of diffraction of one coincides with the first minimum of the other.

The first minimum occurs for m = 1, so the diffraction equation of a slit remains

        a sin θ = λ

in general, the diffraction patterns occur at very small angles, so

        sin θ = θ

          θ = λ / a

in the case of radar we have a circular aperture and the equation must be solved in polar coordinates, which introduces a numerical constant.

        θ = 1.22 λ /a

In this exercise we are told that the opening changes

         a’ = 2 a

we substitute

          θ ‘= 1.22  λ / 2a

          θ' = (1.22 λ / a) 1/2

          θ’ = θ₀ / 2

we see that the resolution angle is reduced by half

Answer:

3.7 eV

5.92*10^-19 J

Explanation:

Given that.

Potential difference of the metal, V = 3.7 V

Wavelength of the light, n = 235 nm

maximum kinetic energy given to the electrons is giving them the formula

K(max) = e.V(s), where

KE(max) is the maximum kinetic energy needed

V = potential difference of the metal

KE(max) = e * 3.7

KE(max) = 3.7eV

converting our answer to Joules, we have

3.7eV = 3.7eV * 1.6*10^-19 J/eV

3.7eV = 5.92*10^-19 J

Therefore, the maximum kinetic energy in both eV and Joules is 3.7eV and 5.92*10^-19 Joules respectively

Answer:

Explanation:

d dnnd

Answer:

Δx = 2.5 x 10⁻³ m = 2.5 mm

Explanation:

The distance between two consecutive fringes, also known as fringe spacing, in Young's Double Slit Experiment, is given as follows:

Δx = λL/d

where,

Δx = distance between consecutive fringes = ?

λ = wavelength of light = 500 nm = 5 x 10⁻⁷ m

L = Distance between slits and screen = 5 m

d = slit separation = 1 mm = 1 x 10⁻³ m

Therefore,

Δx = (5 x 10⁻⁷ m)(5 m)/(1 x 10⁻³ m)

Δx = 2.5 x 10⁻³ m = 2.5 mm

The separation between adjacent bright fringes on a screen 5 m from the slits is: 2.5 mm

We are given;

Wavelength of light; λ = 500 nm = 500 × 10⁻⁹ m

Distance of slit separation; d = 1mm = 0.001 m

Distance between slit and the screen; D = 5 m

Now, formula for fringe width is;

β = λD/d

Plugging in the relevant values gives;

β = (500 × 10⁻⁹ × 5)/0.001

β = 2.5 × 10⁻³ m

Converting to mm gives;

β = 2.5 mm

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Answer:

a = 264.14 m/s²

Explanation:

From the question;

Initial velocity; u will be 0 m/s since the ball will start from rest.

Final velocity; v = 43 m/s

distance covered by the motion; s = 3.5m

To get the acceleration, we will make use of Newton's third equation of motion which is;

v² = u² + 2as

Making a the subject, we have;

a = (v² - u²)/2s

Plugging in the relevant values to give;

a = (43² - 0)/(2 × 3.5)

a = 264.14 m/s²

The average acceleration of the ball during the throwing motion is 265.14m/s².

In order to get the acceleration, the Newton's third law of motion will be used. This will be:

v² = u² + 2as

We'll make a to be the subject of the formula and this will be:

a = (v² - u²) / 2s

We'll plug in the value into the equation and this will be:

a = (43² - 0) / (2 × 3.5)

a = 1849 / 7

= 264.14 m/s²

Therefore, the acceleration is 265.14m/s.

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Answer:

A) E_min = 36.21 × 10^(-20) J

B) 549 nm

Explanation:

A) The formula for energy of a photon is given as;

E = hc / λ

Where;

h is Planck's constant = 6.626 x 10^(-34) J.s

c is the speed of light = 3 × 10^(8) m/s

λ is wavelength

Wavelength is given as; 540 nm = 540 × 10^(-9) m

Thus;

E = (6.626 × 10^(-34) × 3 × 10^(8))/(540 × 10^(-9))

E = 36.81 × 10^(-20) J

We are given kinetic energy as;2.60 x 10^(-20) J

Now formula for E_min is;

E_min = E - K.E

E_min = (36.81 × 10^(-20)) - (2.60 x 10^(-20))

E_min = 36.21 × 10^(-20) J

B) the longest wavelength, in nanometers, that will eject electrons from cesium would have an energy that would be equal to E_min.

Thus,

36.21 × 10^(-20) = (6.626 × 10^(-34) × 3 × 10^(8))/λ

Making λ the subject gives;

λ = (6.626 × 10^(-34) × 3 × 10^(8))/36.21 × 10^(-20) = 549 x 10(-9) = 549 nm

The minimum energy of the electron is [tex]E_{min} = 34.2 \times 10^{(-20)} \;\rm J.[/tex]

The longest wavelength of the electron is 549 nm.

Given that, in the photoelectric effect, electrons are ejected from a metal surface when light strikes it. A certain minimum energy, Emin, is required to eject an electron. Also given wavelength of the light is 540 nm. The kinetic energy ejected by the electron is 260 x 10-20 J.

When the wavelength is 400 nm, the kinetic energy is 1.54 x 10-19 J.

The energy of the electron can be calculated as,

[tex]E = hc/\lambda[/tex]

Where, [tex]E[/tex] is the energy of the electron, [tex]h=6.626\times10^{(-34)} \;\rm Js[/tex] is plank's constant, [tex]c[/tex] is the speed of light that is [tex]3 \times 10^8 \;\rm m/s[/tex] and [tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength.

So the energy of the electron is,

[tex]E = \dfrac{6.626\times 10^{(-34)} \times 3\times 10^8}{540\times 10^{(-9)}}[/tex]

[tex]E = 3.68 \times 10^{(-19)} \;\rm J[/tex]

The energy of the electron is  [tex]E = 3.68 \times 10^{(-19)} \;\rm J[/tex].

The Emin can be calculated as given below.

[tex]E_{min} = E - KE[/tex]

Where [tex]KE[/tex] is the kinetic energy of the electron that is given as [tex]260 \times 10^{(-20)} \;\rm J.[/tex]

So [tex]E_{min} = 3.68\times 10^{(-19)} - 2.60\times 10^{(-20)}[/tex]

[tex]E_{min} = 36.8\times 10^{(-20)} - 2.60\times 10^{(-20)}[/tex]

[tex]E_{min} = 34.2 \times 10^{(-20)} \;\rm J.[/tex]

The minimum energy of the electron is [tex]E_{min} = 34.2 \times 10^{(-20)} \;\rm J.[/tex]

For the longest wavelength, the electron will have its minimum energy that is Emin.

Hence, the longest wavelength can be calculated as given below.

[tex]\lambda = \dfrac {h\times c} {E_{min}}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=\dfrac{6.626\times 10^{(-34)} \times 3\times 10^8} {34.2 \times 10^{(-20)}}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda = 549 \times 10^{(-9)} \;\rm m\\\lambda = 549 \;\rm nm[/tex]

The longest wavelength of the electron is 549 nm.

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Answer:

b. Projectiles A & B have the same likelihood of breaking the glass since they have the same initial momentum

.

c. Projectile A has the greater likelihood of breaking the glass since its momentum change is larger.

Explanation:

for option b, the two projectiles have the same initial mass and velocity, hence they posses the same amount of momentum that if sufficient enough could break the glass.

for option c, projectile A changes direction, maintaining the same speed v. Its momentum changes from from mv to -mv, since its speed changed direction.

the difference in momentum becomes

Δp = -mv - mv = -2mv

this is twice the initial momentum.

projectile B changes momentum from mv to 0

Δp = 0 - mv = -mv.

this is half of the final momentum of projectile A.

Also we know that force is proportional to to the rate of change of momentum, which is greater in projectile A, therefore projectile A impacts more force on the glass. Projectile A therefore has the greater likelihood of breaking the glass since its momentum change is larger.

Answer:

Explanation:

a )

magnetic field inside the solenoid B = μ₀ n I where n is no of turns per unit length , I is current and  μ₀ = 4 π x 10⁻⁷ .

Putting the values in the equation

B =  4 π x 10⁻⁷ x (430 / .115 )  x 36.5 x 10⁻³

= 1.7  x 10⁻⁴ T  .

b ) magnetic flux through each turn

= B x A where A is cross sectional area of solenoid .

=  1.7  x 10⁻⁴  x π x 9.25²  x 10⁻⁶

= 456.73 x 10⁻¹⁰ Tm² .

c ) Inductance of solenoid

L = flux associated with all turns / current

= 456.73 x 10⁻¹⁰ x 430 / (36.5 x 10⁻³)

= 5381 x 10⁻⁷

= 538 x 10⁻⁶ H

= 538 μH .

d )

magnetic field inside the solenoid depends upon current

magnetic flux through each turn depends upon current

inductance of the solenoid does not depend upon current because current is divided from total flux with solenoid.

Answer:5

Explanation:

Decimal :2

Significant notation :2.4632× 10^2

Explanation:

Work = change in energy

W = ½ mv²

W = ½ (0.20 kg) (20 m/s)²

W = 40 J

Answer:

[tex] \boxed{\sf Viscosity \ of \ glycerine \ (\eta) = 14.382 \ poise} [/tex]

Given:

Radius of ball bearing (r) = 1.5 mm = 0.15 cm

Density of iron (ρ) = 7.85 g/cm³

Density of glycerine (σ) = 1.25 g/cm³

Terminal velocity (v) = 2.25 cm/s

Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 980.6 cm/s²

To Find:

Viscosity of glycerine ([tex] \sf \eta [/tex])

Explanation:

[tex] \boxed{ \bold{v = \frac{2}{9} \frac{( {r}^{2} ( \rho - \sigma)g)}{ \eta} }}[/tex]

[tex] \sf \implies \eta = \frac{2}{9} \frac{( {r}^{2}( \rho - \sigma)g )}{v} [/tex]

Substituting values of r, ρ, σ, v & g in the equation:

[tex] \sf \implies \eta = \frac{2}{9} \frac{( {(0.15)}^{2} \times (7.85 - 1.25) \times 980.6)}{2.25} [/tex]

[tex]\sf \implies \eta = \frac{2}{9} \frac{(0.0225 \times 6.6 \times 980.6)}{2.25} [/tex]

[tex]\sf \implies \eta = \frac{2}{9} \times \frac{145.6191}{2.25} [/tex]

[tex]\sf \implies \eta = \frac{2}{9} \times 64.7196[/tex]

[tex]\sf \implies \eta = 2 \times 7.191[/tex]

[tex]\sf \implies \eta = 14.382 \: poise[/tex]

Answer:

The charge that flow through the calculator is 0.384 C

Explanation:

Given;

current drawn by the calculator, I = 0.0008 A

time of current flow, t = 8 min = 8min x 60s = 480 s

The charge that flow through the calculator is given;

q = It

where;

q is the charge that flow through the calculator

I is the current drawn

t is the time

q = 0.0008 x 480

q = 0.384 Coulombs

Therefore, the charge that flow through the calculator is 0.384 C

Answer:

a) true

Explanation:

One of the important factors behind the formation of clouds is the stability of the atmosphere. Air gets condensed with the increase in the height, while it becomes warm with a decrease in its height. A stable air is the type of air that can sink. The air which has low temperature has more density than the air it is surrounded by. When clouds are formed with stable air, the clouds formed are thin and horizontal.

Answer:

4.5 meters is your Answer goood luck please give 5 star

Explanation:

Answer:

0.96 g/mL

Explanation:

The volume of 800 g of water is:

(800 g) / (1 g/mL) = 800 mL

The volume of 160 g of alcohol is:

(160 g) / (0.8 g/mL) = 200 mL

Density = mass / volume

ρ = (800 g + 160 g) / (800 mL + 200 mL)

ρ = 0.96 g/mL

Answer:

Explanation:

A ) radius of tank r = 1.2 m

depth of water in the tank = 2 m

1 gal of water =  1 / 264.17 m³

= 3.785 x 10⁻³ m³

Let h be the change in height of water in the tank .

volume of water flowing out

= π r² x h = 3.785 x 10⁻³

3.14 x 1.2² x h = 3.785 x 10⁻³

h = 83.71 x 10⁻⁵ m

= .84 mm .

B )

change in height is negligible .

velocity of efflux of water from the hole at the bottom

v = √ 2 gh

h is height of water level which is 2 m

v = √ (2 x 9.8 x 2 )

= 6.26 m / s

radius of hole = .3 x 10⁻² m

area of cross section

= π r²

= 3.14 x ( .3 x 10⁻² )²

= 28.26 x 10⁻⁶ m²

volume of water flowing through the hole per unit area

= area of cross section x velocity of efflux

= 28.26  x 10⁻⁶ x 6.26

If t be the time required ,

28.26  x 10⁻⁶ x 6.26 x t   = 3.785 x 10⁻³

t = 21.4 s

Answer:

The difference in pressure between the external air pressure, and the internal air pressure of the middle ear.

Explanation:

First of all, we should note that pressure decreases with height and increases with depth. The air within the middle ear (between the ear drum and the Eustachian tube) adjusts itself to respond to the atmospheric pressure, or when we yawn.  At a high altitude like on the hill, the air pressure in the middle ear, is fairly low (this is to balance the low air pressure at this height). While riding down the hill quickly, there is little time for the air pressure in the ear to readjust itself to the increasing external air pressure, causing the external air to push into the ear drum. Along the way, the air within the middle ear is adjusted by the opening of the Eustachian tube, allowing more air into the space in the middle ear to balance the external air pressure. This readjustment causes the ear to pop.