Modeling Periodic Trends 1:
Why are periodic trends useful?
What are some examples of periodic trends?
What is ionization energy?
What was the purpose of creating your three-dimensional model?
Answer these questions in the discussion and conclusion of your Lab Report:

How does your model represent ionization energy?
What happens to the ionization energy of elements as you move from left to right across a period? Explain the trend.
What happens to the ionization energy of elements as you move down a group? Explain the trend.
In reactions between metals and nonmetals, metals tend to form cations while nonmetals tend to form anions. How does your model show this trend?

The freezing point depression of a solution that contains 2 moles of NaCl in 200 g of water (Kf = 1.86 °C/m) is 18.6 °C.

It is a decrease in the freezing point of a solution, in comparison with the pure solvent.

The solution contains 2 moles of NaCl in 200 g of water.

b = moles NaCl / Kg water = 2 mol/0.200 kg = 10 m

Given the cryoscopic constant (Kf) is 1.86 °C/m for water, the freezing point depression (ΔT) is:

ΔT = Kf × b = 1.86 °C/m × 10 m = 18.6 °C

The freezing point depression of a solution that contains 2 moles of NaCl in 200 g of water (Kf = 1.86 °C/m) is 18.6 °C.

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Answer:

Explanation:

green

Considering the Hess's Law, the enthalpy change for the reaction is 68 kJ/mol.

Hess's Law indicates that the enthalpy change in a chemical reaction will be the same whether it occurs in a single stage or in several stages. That is, the sum of the ∆H of each stage of the reaction will give us a value equal to the ∆H of the reaction when it occurs in a single stage.

In this case you want to calculate the enthalpy change of:

N₂ + 2 O₂ → 2 NO₂

which occurs in two stages.

You know the following reactions, with their corresponding enthalpies:

Equation 1: N₂ + O₂ → 2 NO     ΔH = 180 kJ/mol

Equation 2: 2 NO + O₂ → 2 NO₂     ΔH = –112 kJ/mol

Because of the way formation reactions are defined, any chemical reaction can be written as a combination of formation reactions, some going forward and some going back.

In this case, first, to obtain the enthalpy of the desired chemical reaction you need one mole of N₂ on reactant side and it is present in first equation so let's write this as such.

In the same way, you need two moles of NO₂ on product side and it is present in second equation so let's write this as such.

Finally, in this way the two moles of NO cancel.

Then, it is not necessary to modify the given equations. So, adding or canceling the reactants and products as appropriate, and adding the enthalpies algebraically, you obtain:

N₂ + 2 O₂ → 2 NO₂     ΔH= 68 kJ/mol

Finally, the enthalpy change for the reaction is 68 kJ/mol.

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The correct order is 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 4d, 4f. The correct option is B.

The correct order of energy sublevel is 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p.

Thus, with the exclusion of 5s, 5p, 6s, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, and 7p, what we have left in order of increasing energy is 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 4d, 4f.

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The correct order from least to greatest energy for the energy sublevels is;  1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 4d, 4f (Option B).

The Aufbau principle offers a method in which the energy levels in an atoms are arranged from the least to the greatest. We know that electrons are filled into orbitals in order of increasing energy.

Thus, the correct order from least to greatest energy for the energy sublevels is;  1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 4d, 4f (Option B).

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The concentration of the solution is 60 degrees Brix.

Degrees Brix is the sugar content of an aqueous solution. One degree Brix is 1 gram of sucrose in 100 grams of solution and represents the strength of the solution a as percentage by mass.

Mass percent refers to the percentage of solute present in the solution.

The concentration of the substance can be expressed in mass percent.

we have to first calculate mass percent.

So, we can write,

Mass percent = mass of solute / mass of solution x 100.

Mass of solution = mass of solute + solvent.

Here, sucrose is the solute and the water is the solvent.

The mass of the solute is 1.5Kg and the mass of the solvent is 1Kg.

Mass of solution = 1.5 + 1 = 2.5 Kg.

Mass percent = 1.5/2.5x100

Mass percent is 60%.

Here, 1% = 1 degree brix.

So here, 60% = 60 degree brix.

Hence, the concentration of the solution is 60 degree brix.

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Answer:

CH3CH2OH

Explanation:

CH3CH2OH the ethanol is regarded as neutral since pH is very close to 7 and CH3CHO or acetaldehyde is an extremely weak basic max pH of 8.

Please get it cleared and stored into your cerebrum that a cation is formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence electron shell.

However too, on other hand an anion is formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its outermost electron shell.

A cation means a positive ion

An anion means a negative ion

Electronegativity is one of physical periodicity and property of elements that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself.

Generally, electronegativity of an atoms of elements in a particular trend is affected by both its atomic number and the distance that its valence electrons reside from the charged nuclei.

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Answer:

2.16 g H₂O

Explanation:

Since we are not given the limiting reagent, we need to convert both reactants into the product. The actual amount of product will be the smaller mass produced.

To find the answer, we need to (1) convert grams reactant to moles reactant (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles reactant to moles H₂O (via mole-to-mole ratio from balanced equation coefficients), and then (3) convert moles H₂O to grams H₂O (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.

The balanced equation:

1 H₂SO₄(aq) + 2 NaOH(s) -----> 1 Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2 H₂O(l)

Molar Mass (H₂SO₄): 2(1.008 g/mol) + 32.065 g/mol + 4(15.998 g/mol)

Molar Mass (H₂SO₄): 98.073 g/mol

Molar Mass (NaOH): 22.990 g/mol + 15.998 g/mol + 1.008 g/mol

Molar Mass (NaOH): 39.996 g/mol

Molar Mass (H₂O): 2(1.008 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol

Molar Mass (H₂O): 18.014 g/mol

5.88 g H₂SO₄           1 mole              2 moles H₂O            18.014 g
----------------------  x  -----------------  x  ------------------------  x  -----------------  =  
                                98.073 g            1 mole H₂SO₄           1 mole

=  2.16 g H₂O

6.3 g NaOH            1 mole              2 moles H₂O              18.014 g
--------------------  x  -----------------  x  --------------------------  x  ----------------  =
                              39.996 g           2 moles NaOH            1 mole

=  2.84 g H₂O

Since H₂SO₄ produces the smallest amount of product, it is the limiting reagent. In this case, H₂SO₄ is completely used up before NaOH has the chance to react totally. Therefore, the actual amount of H₂O produced is 2.16 g.

Molecular simulation is the part of the drug discovery life cycle that most likely uses quantum computing.

Drug discovery refers to the process to identify and validate medications in pharmaceutical research.

Drug discovery exploits computational approaches based on quantum modeling to accelerate this process.

In conclusion, molecular simulation is the part of drug discovery associated with quantum computing.

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Taking into account the definition of dilution, the concentration of the new solution is 1 mol/L.

When it is desired to prepare a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one, it is called dilution.

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.

In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume (and weight) of the solution increases.

A dilution is mathematically expressed as:

Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf

where

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of dilution:

6 mol/L× 200 mL= Cf× 1200 mL

Solving:

(6 mol/L× 200 mL)÷ 1200 mL= Cf

1 mol/L= Cf

In summary, the concentration of the new solution is 1 mol/L.

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Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 2.713 grams of aspirin are formed when 2.08 grams of salicyclic acid reacts.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

C₄H₆O₃ + C₇H₆O₃ (Salicyclic Acid) →C₉H₈O₄ (aspirin) + C₂H₄O₂

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

Then, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 138 grams of salicyclic acid form 180 grams of aspirin, 2.08 grams of salicyclic acid form how much mass of aspirin?

[tex]mass of aspirin=\frac{2.08 grams of salicyclic acidx 180 grams of aspirin}{138 grams of salicyclic acid}[/tex]

mass of aspirin= 2.713 grams

Then, 2.713 grams of aspirin are formed when 2.08 grams of salicyclic acid reacts.

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Answer:

Oxidation - K

Reduction - Cu

Explanation:

2K --> 2K^+

Cu^+2 --> Cu

Answer:

At Anode: oxidation occurs i.e loss of electrons

At cathode: reduction occurs i.e gain of electrons

OPTION 1 is the correct answer

Filling out the table of elements below following the outlined order:

An element can be defined as a substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances.

An element serves as a building blocks for compounds and mixtures.

In conclusion, each element and its property as requested in the table are given above.

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Answer:

Option (2)

Explanation:

The two compounds formed will be AgCl and NaNO₃.

We can see that this will result in a balanced equation, so the answer is Option (2).

Answer:

B) NaNO3 + AgCl (s)

Explanation:

edge 2023

Rutherford’s, Bohr’s, and the quantum models say that electrons behave as particles,  electron is negatively charged and electrons behave both particles and wave respectively.

Bohr model states that electrons behave as particles, Rutherford's model proposed that the negatively charged electrons surround the nucleus of an atom whereas quantum model explains that the electron has both particle and wave behavior.

So we can conclude that Rutherford’s, Bohr’s, and the quantum models say that electrons behave as particles,  electron is negatively charged and electrons behave both particles and wave respectively.

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The methane molecule in the stratosphere has a higher potential energy than the CH₃ molecule and the hydrogen atom formed from breaking one of the carbon‐hydrogen bonds in a CH₄ molecule.

The complete question is:

For each of the following situations, you are asked which of two objects or substances has the higher energy. Explain your answer with reference to the capacity of each to do work and say whether the energy that distinguishes them is kinetic energy or potential energy.

a. (1) A methane molecule, CH4, in the stratosphere or (2) a CH3 molecule and a hydrogen atom formed from breaking one of the carbon-hydrogen bonds in a CH4 molecule.

The methane molecule in the stratosphere is a stable molecule and possesses chemical potential energy.

The CH₃ molecule and the hydrogen atom formed from breaking one of the carbon‐hydrogen bonds in a CH₄ molecule are unstable molecules and possesses kinetic energy. However, some of their energy has been used in breaking the bond.

Thus, the methane molecule in the stratosphere has a higher potential energy than the CH₃ molecule and the hydrogen atom formed from breaking one of the carbon‐hydrogen bonds in a CH₄ molecule.

In conclusion, the energy in the methane molecule is higher.

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The pH of the solution is obtained to be 9.67.

A buffer is a solution that serves to militate against changes in acidity or alkalinity. The buffer is often made of a solution of a strong acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt.

Now we have the that;

Number of moles of base = 250 /1000 *  0.80 = 0.2 moles

Number of moles of salt = 150/1000 *  0.50 = 0.075 moles

Total volume of the solution = 250 + 150 = 400 mL or 0.4 L

Molarity of the base = 0.2 moles/0.4 L = 0.5 M

Molarity of the salt =  0.075 moles/ 0.4 L = 0.1875 M

pKb = - log( 1.8 x 10^-5) = 4.74

pOH = pKb + log [salt/base]

pOH =  4.74 + log (0.1875/ 0.5)

pOH = 4.33

pH = 14 - 4.33

pH = 9.67

The pH of the solution is obtained to be 9.67.

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Answer:

3.25 atm

Explanation:

convert   409 mm to atm, then add them all :

 409mm  / 760mm/atm   +   .74     + 1.96 = 3.24 atm

The total pressure of the mixture, in atm, is 3.25 atm

A container contains a mixture of hydrogen, helium, and chlorine gases. The partial pressures of the three gases are as follows: 0.74 atm for hydrogen, 1.96 atm for helium, and 409 mmHg for chlorine. 3.25 atm is the mixture's total pressure.

then multiply 409 mm by 1.0 atm, and then combine them all for total pressure :

409mm  / 760mm/atm   +   .74     + 1.96 = 3.24 atm

When more than one gas is present in a container, each gas exerts pressure, which is how atmospheric pressure is defined. Its partial pressure refers to the pressure of any gas inside the container.

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Answer:

If a rock displaces 1.65L of water, its volume must be 1.65L.
If you want to convert that to cm^3 it's 1000 cm^3 per liter...so 1650 cm^3

Explanation:

The percent yield of the reaction that produced 0.350 mol HCI is 83.17%

Actual yield = 0.35 × 36.5

Actual yield = 12.775 g

Percentage yield = (Actual / Theoretical) × 100

Percentage yield = (12.775 / 15.36) ×100

Percentage yield = 83.17%

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The molecule is water. Molecular formula of water is H₂O. Molecular weight of water is 18 g. The percentage composition of hydrogen and oxygen in water is 11.11 % and 88.89 %. Intermolecular force in water is dipole-induced dipole and London dispersion.

Name of the molecule is Water. Molecular formula of the compound is H₂O.

Molecular mass of H₂O = 2 × Atomic weight of H + Atomic weight of O

                                       = 2 × 1 + 16

                                       = 2 + 16

                                       = 18

The water molecule is Covalent because hydrogen atoms share electrons with the oxygen atom.

Percentage composition = [tex]\frac{\text{Mass of element}}{\text{Molar Mass}}[/tex]

Now,

Molar mass of Water = 18

Percentage composition of hydrogen = [tex]\frac{2}{18} \times 100[/tex]

                                                               = 11.11 %

Percentage composition of Oxygen = [tex]\frac{16}{18} \times 100[/tex]

                                                            = 88.89 %

In water molecule dipole-induced dipole and London dispersion forces are present because water has H-bonds.

The given molecule is water. Water is important for human body to keep a normal temperature. It carries nutrients. It protects our body organs and tissues. The function of water is to serves a s a lubricant. It helps to prevent constipation. It makes up Saliva.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The molecule is water. Molecular formula of water is H₂O. Molecular weight of water is 18 g. The percentage composition of hydrogen and oxygen in water is 11.11 % and 88.89 %. Intermolecular force in water is dipole-induced dipole and London dispersion.

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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.

Questions: Choose one molecule that is vital to the human body. Provide the following information: Name of the molecule

Now, provide the following information: Molecular formula

Now, provide the following information about your chosen molecule: Molecular mass

Now, provide the following information about your chosen molecule: The type of molecule (covalent or ionic)

Now, provide the following information about your chosen molecule: Percent composition of each element

Now, provide the following information about your chosen molecule: Intermolecular forces within the molecular

Now, provide the following information about your chosen molecule: Describe why the molecule is important and its function within the human body.

The proper name of the compound is now 1,1 - dihydroxy-3-phenyl propene.

Firstly we know that the parent chain is based on propane. Now we have three substituents on that parent chain. Two hydroxy moieties and one phenyl moiety.

The proper name of the compound is now 1,1 - dihydroxy-3-phenyl propene.

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Answer:

you will taste the flavour of the food

Answer: PINK

Explanation:

Answer:

0.396 J/g°C (to 3 sf)

Explanation:

50.0 = 10.6(24.9-13.0)(c)

c = 0.396 J/g°C (to 3 sf)

A change in the entropy of a system indicate that the disorder of the system has changed. Option A

A change in entropy indicates is a measure of the disorder, or randomness, in a system.

An increased value of entropy means more disorder, and a decreased value of entropy means less disorder.

These changes in entropy occur spontaneously

Thus, a change in the entropy of a system indicate that the disorder of the system has changed. Option A

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1.2 x 10² L of oxygen is formed if 77.37 L of water is produced.

The density of water at STP = 0.99 g/ ml but we will assume 1 g/ml

Determine the mass of water ([tex]H_{2}[/tex]o) = 77.37 L × [tex]\frac{1000 ml}{1l}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{1g}{ml}[/tex]

The mass of water = 77370 g

Convert mass into moles = 77370 [tex]H_{2}[/tex]o × [tex]\frac{1mol}{18.01528} H _{2}O[/tex]

= 4294.6876 mol of [tex]H_{2} O[/tex]

Use stoichiometry to find how many mols of oxygen [tex]o_{2}[/tex] were used:

= 4294.6876 mol of [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] × [tex]\frac{13 mol }{10 mol}[/tex]

= 5583.0939 mol [tex]o_{2}[/tex]

Convert mols to mass = 5583.0939 mol ×[tex]\frac{32 g}{mol }[/tex]

= 178659.0059 g [tex]o_{2}[/tex]

Convert mass into liters

The density of [tex]o_{2}[/tex] at STP = [tex]\frac{1.439}{ml}[/tex]

Density of [tex]o_{2}[/tex] = 1.2 × [tex]10^{2}[/tex]

Hence,1.2 x 10² L of oxygen is formed if 77.37 L of water is produced.

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1.2 x 10² L of oxygen is formed  if 77.37 L of water are produced at STP. The term is derived from the Greek word "oxy genes," which means "forms acid." a periodic table column that is vertical.

What is oxygen ?

The chemical element oxygen has an atomic number of 8. At normal temperatures and pressures, oxygen transforms into the chemical compound (O2) of two atoms, which is a colorless gas.

The density of H₂O at STP = 0.99 g ÷ ml, but we will assume 1 g/ml

The mass of  H₂O = 77370 g

Use stoichiometry to find  moles of oxygen given by

= 4294.6876 mol of X

= 5583.0939 mol

Convert moles into mass = 5583.0939 mol X

= 178659.0059 g

Then convert it into liter. 1.2 x 10² L of oxygen is formed  if 77.37 L of water.

Thus, 1.2 x 10² L of oxygen is formed  if 77.37 L of water are produced at STP.

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