MITM (man-in-the-middle) attacks include which of the following?
A. Address spoofing
B. IMSI catchers
C. Evil Twins
D. All of the above

The 28-bit synchronous binary counter is designed to count using the 100MHz clock signal. From the 28-bit counter, a specific bit that toggles at approximately 0.5Hz is selected as the clock for the 4-bit counter.

The outputs of the 4-bit counter are connected to four LEDs. By configuring the Blackboard with the appropriate connections and settings, the LEDs should toggle at the correct rate, synchronized with the selected bit from the 28-bit counter.

In simpler terms, the 28-bit counter counts up at a very high speed using a fast clock signal. We choose one bit from this counter that switches on and off slowly (0.5 times per second). This slower bit becomes the clock for a smaller 4-bit counter. The 4-bit counter counts at a slower rate and its outputs are connected to four LEDs, which will turn on and off accordingly. By configuring the hardware correctly, we can ensure that the LEDs blink at the desired rate, controlled by the slow bit from the larger counter.

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Higher encryption levels of a virtual private network (VPN) connection have a greater impact on the memory and processor of endpoint devices.

VPN encryption plays a crucial role in ensuring data security and privacy. It involves the process of encoding information transmitted through a VPN connection, making it inaccessible to unauthorized parties. However, the level of encryption used can have an impact on the performance of the devices involved.

When a VPN connection is established, the endpoint devices (such as computers, smartphones, or tablets) need to encrypt and decrypt data packets as they are transmitted. This encryption and decryption process requires computational resources, including memory and processing power. The higher the encryption level, the more complex and resource-intensive the encryption process becomes.

Stronger encryption algorithms, such as AES-256 (Advanced Encryption Standard with a 256-bit key), provide a higher level of security but require more computational power. As a result, endpoint devices with limited resources may experience a noticeable impact on their performance when using a VPN with high encryption levels.

However, it's important to note that the impact on performance can vary depending on the specific hardware capabilities of the endpoint devices and the efficiency of the VPN software implementation. Modern devices with robust processors and ample memory may be able to handle higher encryption levels without significant performance degradation.

In summary, while higher encryption levels enhance data security, they can potentially strain the memory and processor of endpoint devices. It's essential to strike a balance between security needs and device performance when choosing the appropriate VPN encryption level.

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In the Course class, implement the findHighestStudent() method that returns the Student object with the highest GPA in the course. Iterate through the ArrayList of students, comparing their GPA values and keeping track of the student with the highest GPA. Return the student with the highest GPA.

To find the student with the highest GPA, we iterate through the ArrayList of students in the Course class. We initialize a variable to keep track of the highest GPA and another variable to store the student object with the highest GPA. We start by assuming that the first student has the highest GPA. Then, for each subsequent student, we compare their GPA with the current highest GPA. If their GPA is higher, we update the highest GPA and store the student object. After iterating through all the students, we return the student object with the highest GPA. This approach ensures that we find the student with the highest GPA in the course.

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To assign the value referenced by the pointer p2cost to a new variable called price, you can use the following line of code: `float price = *p2cost;`

In C and C++ programming languages, a pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. Dereferencing a pointer involves accessing the value that is stored at the memory address it points to. In the given code, the pointer p2cost is dereferenced using the asterisk (*) operator to retrieve the value it points to. This value is assigned to the new variable price, which is of the same type as the variable that p2cost points to. Therefore, the line of code float price = *p2cost; assigns the value referenced by p2cost to the new variable price.

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Using a person's email address as their primary key is not a good rule to follow when developing a database model.

A primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a database table. It is used to ensure the integrity and uniqueness of data within the table. When choosing a primary key, it is important to select a stable and unchanging attribute that uniquely identifies each record. While email addresses can be unique, they are not stable as they can change over time. If a person changes their email address.

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Test-and-Set instruction is a useful tool for implementing concurrency control in multi-threaded systems, as it ensures that only one process can execute a critical section of code at a time.

The Test-and-Set instruction is a synchronization primitive that ensures that only one process can access a shared resource at a time. It consists of two parts: the test operation that checks the current state of a memory location, and the set operation that modifies the state of the same location in an atomic manner.

To solve the Mutual Exclusion problem, each process that needs to access the shared resource uses the Test-and-Set instruction to acquire a lock on a shared variable. The lock is released when the process is done with the critical section of the code.

In the case of the ticket reservation, the Test-and-Set instruction can be used to prevent two agents from trying to reserve the same seat simultaneously. Each agent checks the value of NumOfSeats using the Test operation. If the value is greater than 0, it means that there are still available seats, so the agent uses the Set operation to decrement the value of NumOfSeats and reserve a seat for the customer. If the value is already 0, the agent knows that all seats have been reserved and can inform the customer that there are no more tickets available.

Overall, the Test-and-Set instruction is a useful tool for implementing concurrency control in multi-threaded systems, as it ensures that only one process can execute a critical section of code at a time.

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A substitution variable can be identified by the ampersand (&) symbol that precedes the variable name.

Explanation:

A substitution variable can be identified by the ampersand symbol (&) that precedes the variable name. In Oracle SQL, substitution variables are used to prompt users for input values at runtime, rather than hardcoding values into a query. This makes queries more dynamic and flexible, as users can input different values each time the query is run.

To use a substitution variable in an Oracle SQL query, the variable must be declared using the ampersand symbol followed by the variable name, such as &variable_name. When the query is run, the user will be prompted to enter a value for the variable. The entered value will replace the substitution variable in the query.

It is important to note that substitution variables are only used in SQL*Plus or SQL Developer environments and cannot be used in other programming languages or applications. Additionally, the data type of the substitution variable is determined by the context in which it is used, so care must be taken to ensure that the entered value matches the expected data type.

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This loop multiplies the userValue by 2 as long as userValue is not 10 and is less than 25. To create a while loop that multiplies userValue by 2 while all of the following conditions are true: userValue is not 10 and userValue is less than 25.


Once the userValue becomes 10 or greater than or equal to 25, the while loop will exit and the program will continue executing the next line of code. Here's a while loop that meets the given conditions:
python
userValue = int(input("Enter a number: "))

while userValue != 10 and userValue < 25:
   userValue = userValue * 2
   print(userValue)

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The command is used to enable a router subinterface with 802.1Q and associate it with a specific VLAN is C) encapsulation dot1q vlan-id.

This Cisco IOS command is used to enable a router subinterface with 802.1Q and associate it with a specific VLAN. VLANs are used to segment a network into smaller, more manageable parts. This command is typically used when configuring a router to connect to a switch using a trunk port, allowing multiple VLANs to pass through a single physical interface.

Once the subinterface is enabled with the "encapsulation dot1q vlan-id" command, additional configuration is required to specify the VLAN ID and other parameters. This can be done using other Cisco IOS commands such as "ip address" to assign an IP address to the subinterface, and "interface vlan vlan-id" to create a virtual interface for the VLAN. The answer is  C) encapsulation dot1q vlan-id.

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A control panel is a webpage you access with your website’s user name and password, and includes all the tools you need to access and manage your website.

So, the correct answer is D.

A control panel is a powerful tool that helps website owners access and manage their website easily. With a username and password, a user can access their control panel from any device with internet access.

The control panel provides various features such as file management, email management, website statistics, and database management. The file management feature enables users to upload, download, and edit their website files. The email management feature helps users to create email accounts, forward emails, and set email filters.

Website statistics feature helps to track website visitors, pages visited, and other important metrics. The database management feature is used to manage website databases and their associated users.

Overall, a control panel is a one-stop-shop for website owners to manage their online presence.

Hence, the answer of the question is D

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Among the given polynomials, f2(x) = 1 + x + x²   + x³   and f3(x) = x²   + x³   correspond to elements of the cyclic binary code C, while f1(x) = 1 + x + x³    does not.

To determine which polynomials correspond to elements of the cyclic binary code C of length 4 with generating polynomial g(x) = x²   + 1, we need to check if each polynomial is divisible by g(x) without a remainder.

First, let's calculate g(x) = x²   + 1:

g(x) = x²  + 1 = 0

Now, let's check each polynomial:

  Divide f1(x) by g(x):

  f1(x) / g(x) = (1 + x + x³   ) / (x²   + 1) = x + 1

  Since x + 1 does not have degree 4 (the length of the code), f1(x) does not correspond to an element of C.

  Divide f2(x) by g(x):

  f2(x) / g(x) = (1 + x + x²  + x³   ) / (x²   + 1) = 1 + x²  

  Since 1 + x²   has degree 2, f2(x) corresponds to an element of C.

  Divide f3(x) by g(x):

  f3(x) / g(x) = (x²  + x³   ) / (x²   + 1) = x

  Since x has degree 1, f3(x) corresponds to an element of C.

In summary, f2(x) = 1 + x + x²   + x³    and f3(x) = x²   + x³    correspond to elements of the cyclic binary code C, while f1(x) = 1 + x + x^3 does not.

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False. If the catch block with an ellipsis (`...`) is needed, it should be the last catch block in a sequence of try/catch blocks, not the first.

In a try/catch block sequence, catch blocks are evaluated in order from top to bottom. When an exception is thrown within the try block, the catch blocks are checked one by one to see if any of them can handle the specific type of exception thrown. If a catch block matches the exception type, it executes the corresponding code.

The catch block with an ellipsis (`...`) is known as a "catch-all" or "general catch" block. It is used to catch any exception that hasn't been handled by the preceding catch blocks. Placing this catch-all block at the end ensures that specific catch blocks for more specific exception types are evaluated first, allowing for more precise exception handling.

Here's an example demonstrating the correct order of catch blocks:

```java

try {

   // Code that may throw exceptions

} catch (SpecificExceptionType1 ex1) {

   // Exception handling for SpecificExceptionType1

} catch (SpecificExceptionType2 ex2) {

   // Exception handling for SpecificExceptionType2

} catch (GeneralException ex) {

   // Exception handling for any other exceptions

}

```

In the example above, the catch block for `GeneralException` (represented by `ex`) with the ellipsis (`...`) is placed last, ensuring that any unhandled exceptions that are not of type `SpecificExceptionType1` or `SpecificExceptionType2` can be caught and handled by this catch block.

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"BBC" is not a US-supported trans-border mass media. The BBC, or British Broadcasting Corporation, is a public service broadcaster based in the United Kingdom and is not directly supported by the United States government.

While the BBC has a significant international presence and reaches audiences worldwide, it operates independently from the US government and receives its funding primarily from license fees paid by UK households and commercial activities. US-supported trans-border mass media typically refers to media outlets that receive funding or support from the US government, such as Voice of America or Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, which aim to provide news and information to audiences in other countries.

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The smallest exponent that can be stored in the iddd-643 standard is 8.

In the given scenario, the iddd-643 standard is used for storing numbers in a 16-bit string. The first bit is used for the sign, the next five bits for the exponent plus the bias, and the remaining ten bits for the mantissa. The bias is 15, and no bits are reserved for any special purposes. To determine the smallest exponent that can be stored, we need to understand the range of the exponent and how the bias is applied.

The exponent is represented using 5 bits, so it can have a total of 2^5 = 32 different values. However, since one bit is reserved for the sign, the actual number of distinct values that can be represented for the exponent is reduced to 2^4 = 16.

The bias is added to the actual exponent value to determine the stored exponent. In this case, the bias is 15. Bias is used to enable the representation of both positive and negative exponents. By applying a bias, the range of the stored exponent can be shifted.

Since the smallest exponent value must be stored, we want the stored exponent to be as small as possible. To achieve this, we need to subtract the bias from the minimum possible value of the actual exponent.

The minimum possible value for the actual exponent can be calculated using the formula: -(2^(n-1) - 1), where n is the number of bits available for the exponent. In this case, n is 5.

Using the formula, we can calculate the minimum possible value for the actual exponent as -(2^(5-1) - 1) = -(8 - 1) = -7.

To obtain the stored exponent, we add the bias to the actual exponent: -7 + 15 = 8.

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The field specifying when the next x.509 certificate revocation list is expected to be issued is present to ensure that all users and systems relying on the certificate are aware of when they need to update and obtain a new list.

A certificate revocation list is a record of digital certificates that have been revoked by the certificate authority before their scheduled expiration date. This list contains information about the revoked certificates, such as the serial number, revocation date, and reason for revocation. As the certificates expire or are revoked, it becomes necessary to issue a new revocation list. The presence of the field specifying the next issuance of the list ensures that users and systems are aware of the schedule and can update their systems accordingly.

In conclusion, the field specifying when the next x.509 certificate revocation list is expected to be issued is an important feature to ensure that all parties relying on the certificates are aware of the schedule and can update their systems in a timely manner.

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Kathy should create her own private certificate authority (CA) to establish a PKI in her local network.

In order to establish a PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) in her local network without purchasing a digital certificate from a public certificate authority (CA), Kathy can set up her own private CA. A PKI is a system that enables secure communication and authentication through the use of digital certificates.

By creating her own private CA, Kathy can issue and manage digital certificates within her local network. She would generate her own root certificate, which would serve as the trust anchor for the certificates issued by her private CA. Kathy would then distribute the root certificate to the devices and users in her network, allowing them to trust and validate the digital certificates issued by her private CA.

By establishing her own PKI with a private CA, Kathy can ensure the security and authenticity of communications within her local network without relying on a public certificate authority. This gives her greater control over the certificate issuance process and allows for customized certificate management based on the specific needs of her network.

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The code above accesses the service routine jump table at address x4100.The starting address of the service routine called by the code is x410C. If the symbol table shows Loop is address x320F, the return address from the service routine is x320F. The machine code for the instruction the service routine uses to return to the code above is xC1C0.

The code above uses the memory address x4100 to access the service routine jump table. The starting address of the service routine called by the code is x410C. When the service routine is executed, the return address stored in the symbol table for "Loop" is x320F. To return to the code above, the service routine uses the machine code instruction xC1C0.

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The pole OA is fixed at its base and supports loads through cables AB, AC, and ED. The tension in two of these cables is known, which helps in understanding the overall stability and equilibrium of the structure.

The distribution of forces in these cables enables the pole to withstand the applied loads without collapsing or buckling. In addition to the known tensions, it is crucial to consider the angles between the cables and the pole, as well as the load distribution among all cables.

Analyzing the system using equilibrium equations (sum of forces and moments) helps determine the tension in the third cable, ensuring the stability and safety of the pole OA.

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When a class does not use the extends keyword to inherit from another class, Java automatically extends it from the Object class.

The Object class is the root class of all classes in Java, and it provides a set of default methods that all classes inherit. These default methods include methods like toString(), equals(), and hashCode(). By default, when a class is created without an explicit superclass, Java assumes that the class extends Object. This means that any instance of the class can be treated as an Object, and can therefore be passed as a parameter to methods that accept an Object parameter. This is known as implicit inheritance and is a core feature of Java's object-oriented programming model.

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A network application server is a repository for shared computer programs accessed by client computers. It hosts software applications that can be accessed and utilized by multiple users simultaneously.

The primary function of an application server is to facilitate communication and data exchange between client computers and the applications hosted on the server.

One of the main advantages of using an application server is the centralization of resources, which allows for more efficient management and maintenance of the software applications. This centralization ensures that updates or modifications to the applications are made in one location, thus avoiding the need for individual updates on each client computer. Additionally, application servers can provide improved security measures and access control, as well as load balancing to distribute the workload among multiple servers, ensuring optimal performance.

In this client-server model, the client computers rely on the application server to access the shared programs and resources. This setup can help reduce costs and increase productivity, as users are able to collaborate more effectively using shared applications. Overall, a network application server plays a crucial role in the efficient and secure management of shared software applications in a multi-user environment.

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Beamforming is a technique used in wireless networks that involves changing the signal transmission and reception pattern of antennas. This is done by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the signals, resulting in a focused, directional transmission toward a specific device. This improves signal strength, coverage, and overall network performance.

Beamforming is a wireless networking technique that optimizes signal transmission and reception. By manipulating the phase and amplitude of signals, beamforming enables antennas to focus and direct their transmissions toward specific devices. This results in improved signal strength, enhanced coverage, and overall network performance. Instead of broadcasting signals in all directions, beamforming creates a concentrated and targeted transmission, maximizing the efficiency and reliability of wireless communication.

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The statement is true. In the flag-controlled pattern, a variable known as a flag is used to control the execution of the loop. The flag is initialized with a value before the loop starts and is then checked at the end of each iteration. If the flag is true, the loop continues to execute, and if it's false, the loop terminates.

Before the loop starts, data is loaded into the flag-controlled pattern, which determines whether the loop should continue executing or not. At the end of each iteration, the data is read again to check the value of the flag. This is done to ensure that the loop executes the required number of times and terminates when the condition is met.
Therefore, it's essential to read data before the loop and at the end of the loop when using the flag-controlled pattern to ensure that the loop executes correctly.

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The property of secure information that is compromised by snooping is confidentiality.

In the context of information security, confidentiality refers to the protection of sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure. It ensures that only authorized individuals or entities can access and view the information. When snooping occurs, unauthorized individuals or attackers gain access to confidential information without permission or knowledge, thereby compromising its confidentiality.

Snooping involves unauthorized surveillance or monitoring of communication channels, such as network traffic, emails, or conversations, with the intention of intercepting and accessing sensitive information. By doing so, the confidentiality of the information is violated, potentially leading to unauthorized disclosure, misuse, or exploitation of the sensitive data.

Therefore, snooping undermines the confidentiality of secure information, exposing it to unauthorized individuals who can exploit or misuse it for various purposes.

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If a security is fairly priced, its expected return divided by its beta will equal the slope of the security market line.

This is because the security market line represents the relationship between risk and return for a well-diversified portfolio, which includes the market portfolio and risk-free assets.

The slope of the security market line is determined by the market risk premium, which is the additional return that investors require for taking on additional risk beyond the risk-free rate. Beta is a measure of a security's systematic risk, or its sensitivity to changes in the market.

Therefore, the expected return of a security that is fairly priced should be proportional to its beta, or systematic risk. This relationship is represented by the security market line, which shows that investors require a higher expected return for investing in securities with higher betas, assuming all other factors are equal.

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The most common removable storage media used in modern digital cameras is the Secure Digital (SD) card.

SD cards are small, portable memory cards that are widely compatible with various digital devices, including digital cameras. They offer a convenient and reliable way to store and transfer digital photos and videos. Compact flash (CF) units were commonly used in older digital cameras, but SD cards have become more prevalent in recent years due to their smaller size, higher storage capacity, and faster data transfer rates. CD ROMs and USB flash drives are not typically used as primary storage media in digital cameras.

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1.) To solve this problem, we can use a while loop that continues to read integers from the console input and prints out the even values until a non-positive integer is entered. Here is the code:

int num;
while(cin >> num && num > 0) {
   if(num % 2 == 0) {
       cout << num << " ";
   }
}

This loop will continue to read input as long as the entered integer is positive, and will only print out the even values.

2.) For this problem, we can use a similar while loop to read in positive integers from console input. We will also need to declare a variable to store the sum of all even integers. Here is the code:

int num, evenSum = 0;
while(cin >> num && num > 0) {
   if(num % 2 == 0) {
       evenSum += num;
   }
}
cout << "Sum of even integers: " << evenSum << endl;

This loop will continue to read input as long as the entered integer is positive, and will add up the sum of all even integers. After the loop terminates, it will print out the total sum.

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To find the names, street address, and cities of residence for all employees who work for 'First Bank Corporation' and earn more than $10,000.

To find the names of all employees in the database who live in the same cities as the companies for which they work, we need to use a JOIN operation between the Employee, Works, and Company tables and add a WHERE clause to filter the results based on the given conditions. The SQL query for this would be:


To find the names of all employees in the database who live in the same cities and on the same streets as do their managers, we need to use a JOIN operation between the Employee, Manages, and Works tables and add a WHERE clause to filter the results based on the given conditions.

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When creating a password, it's important to consider the number of possible combinations to ensure the security of the account. In this case, we want to determine the number of possible passwords using only lowercase letters and numerals 0 through 9.

There are 26 lowercase letters in the English alphabet and 10 numerals from 0 through 9. To determine the number of possible passwords, we need to calculate the total number of combinations.

To do this, we use the formula for permutations with repetition, which is:

n^r

where n is the number of choices for each character and r is the length of the password.

In this case, n = 26 + 10 = 36 (since there are 26 letters and 10 numerals) and let's say we want to create a password with a length of 8 characters.

Using the formula, we can calculate the total number of possible passwords as:

36^8 = 2,821,109,907,456

Therefore, there are over 2.8 trillion possible passwords that can be created using only lowercase letters and numerals 0 through 9.

When creating a password, it's important to consider the number of possible combinations to ensure its security. Using only lowercase letters and numerals 0 through 9, there are over 2.8 trillion possible passwords that can be created with a length of 8 characters.

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The data values being added to a table with the INSERT command must be listed in the VALUES clause.

The VALUES clause is a crucial part of the INSERT statement, as it specifies the actual data that will be inserted into the table. Each value corresponds to a specific column in the table and is listed in the order of the columns. The VALUES clause is typically enclosed in parentheses and the values are separated by commas.

For example:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3);

In this example, the VALUES clause contains the data values (value1, value2, value3) that will be inserted into the respective columns (column1, column2, column3) of the table.

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The desire for greater national security in the United States emerged immediately after the Second World War because of the fear of the spread of communism.

The Soviet Union emerged as a superpower, and its ideology of communism threatened the capitalist values of the US. The fear of the Soviet Union's expansionist policies led to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the implementation of policies such as the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to contain the spread of communism. The Cold War era saw an increase in military spending, espionage, and diplomatic efforts to counter the Soviet threat. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 heightened tensions between the two superpowers, and the arms race continued until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The fear of communism shaped US foreign policy for several decades, and its legacy is still evident in contemporary global politics.

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