Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy.
Malcolm X insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy. (option 3)
Malcolm X was a prominent figure in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. He was a strong advocate for the rights of African Americans and believed that they should have economic and political autonomy in order to achieve true equality. Unlike other civil rights leaders who supported integration efforts, Malcolm X believed that African Americans should establish their own institutions and communities separate from white society.
He was a vocal critic of nonviolent resistance and worked towards achieving change through more confrontational means. Malcolm X's teachings and ideas continue to influence movements for racial justice and empowerment today.
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Complete Question:
Malcolm X: Group of answer choices
supported integration efforts.worked with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy. felt that the Black Power movement went too far. was inspired by the efforts of Booker T. Washington.Before the establishment of the civil service system in 1883, what system of hiring was used to staff the federal bureaucracy?
How many years did Hitler fight in the trenches of WW1?
Hitler fought in the trenches of WW1 for four years.
How long did Hitler fight in WW1?Adolf Hitler was known to have enlisted in the German army in 1914 and fought in the trenches on the Western Front for the duration of the war until 1918.
During his time in the army, he was twice awarded the Iron Cross for bravery. His experiences during the war includes the defeat of Germany which had a profound impact on Hitler's worldview and political beliefs and led him to eventually rise to power and start World War II.
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In what way was the Chinese Communist takeover of China different from the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia
Correct option is (d). Chinese Communist takeover of China different from the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia that the Chinese Communists claimed a unified country and did not experience years of civil war after they came to power.
The Russian Civil War was declared over by Lenin's Red Army in 1923, which led to the establishment of the Soviet Union. The Russian Revolution created the conditions necessary for communism to spread around the world as a potent political ideology following years of political unrest and violence.
There was a significant cultural shift in October 1917. Instead of being exclusive to the bourgeois and aristocratic elites, art would be available to everyone. The proletarian state took over as the new patron of the arts with the collapse of the art market and the establishment of nationalised museums.
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Complete question: Choose the correct option. In what way was the Chinese Communist takeover of China different from the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia.
a. China was already more industrialized than Russia at the time of the communist success.
b. Russia was heavily industrialized whereas China was still mostly a rural-based society.
c. The Chinese Communist leadership was unable to move directly to the tasks of social reform and economic development.
d. The Chinese Communists claimed a unified country and did not experience years of civil war after they came to power.
e. The Russian seizure of power was accomplished without ridding the country of the ruling dynasty.
In what specific ways were foreign policy develop- ments during the Clinton presidency evidence of the end of the Cold War
Foreign policy developments during the Clinton presidency, such as the expansion of NATO and the establishment of diplomatic relations with Vietnam, were evidence of the end of the Cold War.
With the end of the Soviet Union, the threat of communism had diminished, leading to a shift in U.S. foreign policy priorities. The expansion of NATO and establishment of diplomatic relations with Vietnam reflected a move away from Cold War-era policies of containment and hostility towards communist states.
Additionally, the Clinton administration pursued policies of engagement with China and economic integration with Mexico and Canada through NAFTA, signaling a focus on economic cooperation and global interconnectedness rather than ideological competition.
These developments marked a significant departure from the tense and ideologically charged foreign policy of the Cold War era.
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The New York Harbor was initially explored by Henry Hudson in search of a direct route to the ancient town of Cahokia. True False
The given statement "The New York Harbor was initially explored by Henry Hudson in search of a direct route to the ancient town of Cahokia" is False because while Henry Hudson did explore the New York Harbor in 1609, he was not in search of the ancient town of Cahokia.
Hudson was actually searching for a northwest passage to Asia, as he believed it would be a faster trade route to the East Indies.
Hudson was sponsored by the Dutch East India Company, and his exploration of the region led to the establishment of Dutch colonies in the area.
The first recorded exploration of the New York Harbor was actually done by Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian explorer, in 1524. He was exploring the area on behalf of the French crown and was searching for a route to Asia as well. Verrazzano was the first European to enter the harbor, and his exploration led to the mapping of the surrounding areas.
Overall, while Henry Hudson's exploration of the New York Harbor was significant, he was not in search of the ancient town of Cahokia. That city is actually located in present-day Illinois and was not discovered until many years later.
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What form of government did almost all of the Italian communes revert to in the late Middle Ages after experimenting with podestas
In the late Middle Ages, almost all of the Italian communes reverted to a form of government known as signoria. This was after they had experimented with podestas, which were appointed officials who governed the city-states for a fixed term.
The signoria was a form of oligarchic government in which a small group of powerful families or individuals held the reins of power. They were usually elected by the people, but the election process was often rigged in favor of the ruling class. The signoria was characterized by a lack of checks and balances, which made it vulnerable to corruption and abuse of power. This form of government was eventually replaced by various forms of monarchy in the Renaissance period.
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Full Question ;
What form of government did almost all of the Italian communes revert to in the late Middle Ages after experimenting with podestas?
The movement of southern blacks to the North: Group of answer choices was called the Great Migration saw many African Americans return to Africa created the rise of the KKK meant industry could no longer hire whites was so large that southern agriculture was interrupted
The movement of southern blacks to the North was called the Great Migration.
The Great Migration was a significant demographic movement of African Americans in the 20th century. It was caused by various factors such as segregation, discrimination, lack of economic opportunities, and violence in the South, which led many African Americans to move to the North in search of better jobs and living conditions. The Great Migration started around 1910 and continued until the 1970s. It had a profound impact on American society, culture, and politics. It increased the African American population in the North and helped to lay the foundation for the civil rights movement.
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In the space below, explain an event of domestic or international terrorism that happened when Bill Clinton was president. Why did the event happen? PLSSS HElPP ASAP!!!!!
The Dawes Act of 1887 Multiple Choice was intended to preserve traditional Indian culture. denied U.S. citizenship to landowning Indian adults.
The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was designed to force Indians to become landowners and farmers, but its implementation had negative consequences.
The Dawes Severalty Act was an attempt to assimilate Native Americans into American culture by ending communal land ownership and forcing individual Native Americans to become landowners and farmers. The act also authorized the government to distribute reservation lands to individual Native Americans and sell any remaining lands to non-Native Americans.
However, the act did not preserve traditional Indian culture and, in fact, had the opposite effect. It resulted in the loss of millions of acres of Native American land and the destruction of Native American communities and culture. Additionally, the act denied U.S. citizenship to Native Americans who received land under the act, which further marginalized them. Despite the intentions of the act, it ultimately had a devastating impact on Native American communities and culture.
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The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
Denied U.S. citizenship to landowning Indian adults
Was intended to preserve traditional Indian culture
was designed to force Indians to become landowners and famers
This poem would seem to be supporting
A) free trade.
B) the anti-abolition movement.
C) prison reform.
D) Social Darwinism.
The White Man's Burden
by Rudyard Kipling, 1899
Take up the White Man's burden
Send forth the best ye breed
Go, bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait, in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild
Your new-caught sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child.
The poem "The White Man's Burden" by Rudyard Kipling, published in 1899, appears to be supporting the idea of Social Darwinism. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
The poem advocates for the colonizing countries to take on the responsibility of civilizing and educating the people in the colonized territories, who are portrayed as "sullen peoples, half devil and half child." The poem suggests that it is the moral duty of the "white man" to bring civilization to the "uncivilized" people of other nations.
Social Darwinism is a belief system that emerged in the 19th century, which applied the theory of natural selection to human society. According to this theory, certain races and societies were considered superior to others, and it was believed that the strong should see it as their duty to dominate the weak. The poem "The White Man's Burden" reflects this belief, as it suggests that it is the responsibility of the white race to civilize and educate the "inferior" races.
Therefore, the correct answer is D, Social Darwinism.
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Mesoamerica was the center of the development of the first complex societies found in North America. Their establishment was based on the domestication of plants, in particular maize and ____________________.
Mesoamerica was the birthplace of the first complex societies in North America, and the establishment of these societies was largely based on the domestication of plants, particularly maize and beans.
Maize, or corn, was the most important crop in Mesoamerica and was a staple food for the people. It provided a reliable source of nutrition, and its cultivation allowed for the development of settled agricultural societies.
Beans, on the other hand, were an important source of protein and nutrients that complemented the diet provided by maize. Together, maize and beans formed the foundation of Mesoamerican agriculture and allowed for the growth of complex societies.
The domestication of these plants led to the development of new agricultural techniques, such as terracing and irrigation, which allowed for more efficient cultivation of crops and supported larger populations.
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At the 4th Lateran Council the Church a. defined its rites, including the administration of the sacraments b. called for the 1st Crusade c. declared an end to the Investiture Controversey d. stated that the sacraments were not central to the faith
At the 4th Lateran Council, the Church defined its rites, including the administration of the sacraments. The correct answer is option a.
This council, which was convened by Pope Innocent III in 1215, was one of the most significant in the history of the medieval Church.
In addition to defining its rites, the council also addressed a number of other important issues facing the Church at the time, including the problem of heresy and the treatment of Jews and Muslims.
One of the most significant outcomes of the council was the establishment of new rules for the administration of the sacraments, which are central to the faith of the Catholic Church.
These rules helped to standardize the administration of the sacraments across different regions and dioceses, ensuring that all Catholics had access to the same essential practices and rituals of the Church.
In addition to its focus on the sacraments, the 4th Lateran Council also issued decrees on a range of other topics, including the conduct of clergy, the treatment of Jews and Muslims, and the practice of confession.
Overall, the council played an important role in shaping the theology and practices of the medieval Church, and its decisions continue to have an impact on Catholicism today. The correct answer is option a.
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evaluate the causes of and the extent to which european culture emphasized the emotional, irrational, and subjective, between 1869 and 1914
Answer:The period from 1869 to 1914 was a period of great change throughout Europe. One particular topic that played a role in changing European culture was that of subjectivity and irrational thoughts. In contrast to the objective topics of logic, facts, and reason, subjective ideas include human instinct, imagination, personal emotions, and the belief that absolute truth is a myth and instead, truth is relative to each individual and comes from within. Thesis- Although published works by intellectual minds of this age show how certain areas of science that typically followed laws of reason were somewhat embraced this focus on personal feelings, European culture in this time period most prominently emphasized subjectivity through the arts, particularly because of the popular visual arts movements of Impressionism and Expressionism but also through literary works of poets such as Arthur Rimbaud. Contextualization- (nationalism in the years leading up to this period caused some of the subjective views) The subjective views in 1869-1914 were partly due to early spurts of nationalism in the mid-19thcentury. Unlike the peaceful nationalism associated with Napoleon’s reign in France and the growing Romantic movement in the beginning of the 1800s, this new nationalism was a more intense, violent form of love for one’s country. Numerous rebellions stemmed from this around the mid 1800s, including wars in Austria, France, and the wars that led to both unifications of the German states and of the Italian states. The new version of nationalism brought to many people feelings of such deep emotion towards their country that their decision-making became irrational and clouded by overbearing nationalism. This intense nationalism continued through the 19thcentury and can be seen as artists and poets pour the hearts into their work depicting their strong opinions concerning their nations
Explanation:
The United States helped the war effort during World War II in all of the following ways- 1) They bought war bonds 2) They used Kamikazes 3) Women worked in factories making war supplies\
The United States helped the war effort during World War II in the following ways: They bought war bonds and Women worked in factories making war supplies. The correct answer is option 1 and 3.
They bought war bonds: War bonds were a way for citizens to lend money to the government to finance the war effort. By buying war bonds, citizens were essentially loaning the government money that would be paid back with interest after the war.
Women worked in factories making war supplies: With many men serving in the military, women were encouraged to take on jobs in factories and other industries to help produce the war supplies needed for the war effort. This was a significant change in the role of women in American society and helped to contribute to the war effort.
However, the statement that "They used Kamikazes" is incorrect. Kamikaze attacks were actually carried out by Japanese pilots, who deliberately crashed their planes into enemy targets in order to cause maximum damage. The United States did not use Kamikazes during World War II, but instead relied on more conventional military tactics and strategies.
Other ways in which the United States contributed to the war effort during World War II included increasing production of military equipment, providing military aid to allied countries, and deploying troops to fight on multiple fronts, both in Europe and in the Pacific.
The correct answer is option 1 and 3.
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True or false : Before the wave of revolutions, Latin America remained independent from foreign interference.
Answer: No, before the wave of revolutions Latin America was not free from foreign interference.
Explanation: wave of revolutions occurred in the 19th century before which Latin America was under European powers like France, Portugal, etc.
Although this wave of revolutions help Latin America achieve independence from colonial powers but other major powers like USA continued to have dominance there.
What was the nineteenth-century musical movement that featured distinctive cultural and political themes that were often based on regional folk songs
The nineteenth-century musical movement that featured distinctive cultural and political themes that were often based on regional folk songs is called nationalistic music.
This movement began in Europe during the Romantic era and aimed to celebrate and preserve the unique cultural identities of different nations through music. Nationalistic composers drew inspiration from the traditional folk music of their own countries, incorporating these melodies, rhythms, and harmonies into their compositions. They also sought to use music as a way to promote political and social ideals, such as freedom, nationalism, and patriotism. Some notable nationalistic composers from this time period include Bedrich Smetana in Czechoslovakia, Edvard Grieg in Norway, and Jean Sibelius in Finland. These composers created works that were deeply rooted in their respective cultural traditions, incorporating elements such as folk dances, folk tales, and national mythology. Nationalistic music not only helped to preserve cultural traditions, but it also played an important role in shaping national identities and promoting national unity.
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TEXT ANSWER ONLY PLS HURRY
In what direction are the people in the painting facing? Who does the woman represent, and how does this relate to manifest destiny?
Assuming this is referring to the Manifest Destiny painting (American Progress), the woman is facing West (the direction that the country is expanding, which is dark and undeveloped as of the time period). The woman is Columbia, and she represents the United States. This relates to manifest destiny as the lady moving West symbolizes the US expanding towards the West, furthering the idea that the nation had a divine right to settle the continent from coast to coast, thereby moving to the darker, unexplored territories.
how did the soviet union and eastern european communist regimes treat displaced persons returning home after the war.
The treatment of displaced persons returning home after the war was characterized by suspicion, hostility, and mistreatment. Many faced arrest, imprisonment, and forced labor, while others were subjected to ongoing surveillance and harassment.
After World War II, the Soviet Union and Eastern European communist regimes treated displaced persons returning home in a harsh and often cruel manner. The Soviet Union, under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, viewed many of these individuals as potential threats to the communist regime and therefore subjected them to intense scrutiny and suspicion.
Displaced persons who returned to the Soviet Union were often subjected to arrest, interrogation, and forced labor. Many were accused of collaborating with the enemy or working against the communist government, leading to imprisonment or even execution.
In Eastern Europe, displaced persons faced similar mistreatment. Those who had fled during the war were often accused of being traitors or spies, and their return was met with suspicion and hostility. Many were forced to register with the authorities and were subjected to ongoing surveillance.
The treatment of displaced persons returning home after the war was part of a broader pattern of repression and control by communist regimes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The goal was to maintain strict control over the population and eliminate any potential threats to the regime.
Overall, the treatment of displaced persons returning home after the war was characterized by suspicion, hostility, and mistreatment. Many faced arrest, imprisonment, and forced labor, while others were subjected to ongoing surveillance and harassment. It was a stark reminder of the harsh realities of life under communist rule in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
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How did General Ulysses S. Grant solve the problem of warships being unable to move up the Mississippi so that he could successfully attack Forts Henry and Donelson
General Ulysses S. Grant solved the problem of warships being unable to move up the Mississippi by utilizing a smaller fleet of gunboats that were able to navigate the shallow waters and obstacles in the river.
These gunboats were equipped with heavy artillery and were able to support Grant's ground forces in their successful attacks on Forts Henry and Donelson. Additionally, Grant coordinated with Admiral Andrew Foote, who led the gunboat fleet, to carefully navigate the river and identify areas where the gunboats could effectively engage Confederate forces. Together, Grant and Foote's strategic planning and use of specialized gunboats allowed for a successful Union offensive in the Western theater of the Civil War.
Vicksburg's excellent location on the Mississippi River made it a critical victory for both the Union and the Confederacy. Confederate forces surrendered there, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and leading to the division of the South.
It divided the Confederacy in half, forced the surrender of the last Confederate bastion on the Mississippi River, and handed complete control of the river to the Union.
The Battle of Vicksburg which took place during the American Civil War, was a significant Union victory that helped the Union general Ulysses S. Grant gain notoriety and split the Confederacy.
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The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Multiple Choice resulted in the deportation of half of the Chinese in the United States. was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
At what conference did President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill decide when to go ahead with the Allied invasion of mainland Europe
President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill made the decision to go ahead with the Allied invasion of mainland Europe at the Tehran Conference in November 1943.
Joseph Stalin's desire for the unification of Europe with a communist state is what made him such a menace to President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill.
The president and prime minister both recommended that Europe become a democratic continent to prevent such a tragedy. Since they are democratic countries, there would be fewer channels for the growth of communism.
In addition to aiming to establish the United Nations before the Second World War ended, President Roosevelt also wanted the Yalta Conference to build a reputation as a protector of the human rights of free people. However, Prime Minister Churchill wanted to finish the proclamation due to the Soviet Union's growing influence, which at the time was wreaking havoc on Europe's population and economy.
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The November 9, 1938 pogrom against the Jews that resulted in tremendous destruction of Jewish assets was ___________________________.
The Kristallnacht, often known as "The Night of Broken Glass," was a pogrom against Jews on November 9, 1938, which left a significant amount of Jewish property destroyed.
On November 9–10, 1938, the Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary elements of the Nazi Party carried out Kristallnacht, a pogrom against Jews in Nazi Germany that also included some help from the Hitler Youth and German citizens. Without interfering, the German authorities just watched.
The streets were covered in glass shards after windows of Jewish-owned shops, structures, and synagogues were destroyed, giving rise to the moniker Kristallnacht (literally, "The Night of Broken Glass").
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Which belief is a nationalist most likely to hold?
A.
All people in a sovereign state should be treated equally by the law.
B.
People with a common language and religion have the right to form a sovereign state.
C.
A sovereign state should expand its territories through war until the surrounding states balance its power.
D.
All natural resources within a sovereign state should belong to the state rather than to individuals.
E.
A sovereign state requires a powerful monarch who leads all its branches of government.
Answer: The correct statement is "People with a common language and religion have the right to form a sovereign state."
Explanation:
Under the Nixon administration, the United States:Group of answer choicessupported the government of Salvador Allende in Chile.boycotted South Africa to protest apartheid.supported democratic reforms in Iran.continued to undermine Third World governments.focused its foreign policy on Southeast Asia.
Under the Nixon administration, the United States focused its foreign policy on Southeast Asia. The correct answer is option e.
This policy was largely driven by the Vietnam War, which had escalated under the Johnson administration and continued under Nixon. The Nixon administration pursued a policy of "Vietnamization," which aimed to transfer responsibility for the war to the South Vietnamese government and reduce American involvement.
The administration also pursued a policy of detente with the Soviet Union and China, seeking to improve relations with these countries and reduce tensions.
The other answer choices are not accurate descriptions of U.S. foreign policy under the Nixon administration. The U.S. did not support the government of Salvador Allende in Chile; in fact, the Nixon administration supported a coup that overthrew Allende in 1973.
While the U.S. did eventually boycott South Africa to protest apartheid, this did not occur under the Nixon administration. The U.S. did not support democratic reforms in Iran under Nixon; in fact, the Nixon administration supported the Shah of Iran, who was a dictator.
Finally, while the U.S. did engage in covert actions to undermine Third World governments, this was not the sole focus of U.S. foreign policy under Nixon.
The correct answer is option e.
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Complete question
Under the Nixon administration, the United States:
Group of answer choices
a. supported the government of Salvador Allende in Chile.
b. boycotted South Africa to protest apartheid.
c. supported democratic reforms in Iran.
d. continued to undermine Third World governments.
e. focused its foreign policy on Southeast Asia
how did the cold war between the united states and soviet union affect disparate reigons such as middle east and sputheast asoa
The Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union had a significant impact on various regions, including the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
In the Middle East, the US and Soviet Union vied for influence and control over the region's oil resources and strategic location. The US supported authoritarian regimes, while the Soviet Union supported left-wing revolutionary movements.
The rivalry between the two superpowers fueled regional conflicts, such as the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Iran-Iraq war.
In Southeast Asia, the US and Soviet Union supported opposing sides in the Vietnam War. The US backed South Vietnam, while the Soviet Union and China supported North Vietnam. The war had a devastating impact on the region, leading to the deaths of millions of people and causing significant social and economic disruption.
The Cold War also had an impact on other countries in Southeast Asia, including Cambodia and Laos, where the US and Soviet Union supported opposing sides in civil conflicts. In these countries, the US supported right-wing governments, while the Soviet Union supported communist insurgencies.
Overall, the Cold War had a significant impact on the political, economic, and social development of these regions. It led to increased militarization and political instability, and had long-lasting effects on the region's political and economic systems.
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Why did economic turmoil in Europe and Asia cause conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union in the period immediately following the Second World War
When plantation homes of slave owners built houses that looked like temples dedicated to democracy, the symbolism of the architectural style changed. The text calls this process:
The process described in the text is called "romanticizing" or "romanticization".
Romanticization refers to the transformation of something into an idealized or ideal form, often by adding cultural or symbolic meaning to it.
In the context of the plantation homes of slave owners, romanticization involved the use of architectural styles and symbols associated with democracy and classical antiquity, such as Greek and Roman columns, to create the impression of a grand and noble estate.
By using these symbols, the plantation homes were transformed from mere residences into grand palaces that were meant to evoke a sense of power, prestige, and cultural superiority.
However, this romanticization also served to mask the reality of the plantation system, which was based on the exploitation and oppression of enslaved people.
By creating an idealized vision of the plantation home, slave owners were able to perpetuate the myth of the "benevolent" or "paternalistic" slave owner who was simply taking care of their enslaved workers, rather than recognizing the true brutality and inhumanity of the system.
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Who was the most influential advocate for African-American civil rights during the Roosevelt administration
Basically, the principal advocate for african-american civil rights during the Roosevelt presidency was Mary McLeod Bethune.
Bethune was a renowned educator, civil rights leader, and government advisor who dedicated her life to improving the lives of African-Americans.
She was born in South Carolina in 1875 and raised in poverty, but she was determined to get an education. She went on to attend Scotia Seminary (now Barber-Scotia College) in North Carolina and Moody Bible Institute in Chicago.
Bethune was a key advisor to President Roosevelt and was appointed as the Director of the Division of Negro Affairs in the National Youth Administration (NYA) in 1936.
In this position, she worked to ensure that african-americans received equal treatment and opportunities within the NYA. She also served as an advisor to the president on issues related to African-Americans, and was a vocal advocate for civil rights.
Bethune was instrumental in organizing the "Black Cabinet," a group of african-american advisors to president Roosevelt.
This group worked to ensure that the needs and concerns of african-americans were taken into account in government policies and programs.
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ANSWER THIS AND ILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST
Who led the rebellion of enslaved people in Haiti in 1791?
Responses
Simón Bolívar
José de San Martín
Francisco de Miranda
Toussaint-Louverture
Answer:
D, Toussaint-Louverture
Explanation:
Which style of architecture was created when the French abbot Suger remodeled his church with the goal of having the church reach heavenward and the interior be filled with light
The architectural style that was created when the French abbot Suger remodeled his church with the goal of having the church reach heavenward and the interior be filled with light is called Gothic architecture.
In the 12th century, the French abbot Suger oversaw a major renovation of the Basilica of Saint-Denis, near Paris. He sought to create a space that would inspire a sense of awe and wonder in the faithful and reflect the glory of God. He achieved this by introducing a number of innovations that became hallmarks of Gothic architecture, including pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.
The pointed arch allowed for greater height and a more vertical emphasis, while the ribbed vaults distributed weight more effectively and created a sense of rhythm and movement in the ceiling. The flying buttresses provided additional support for the walls and allowed for larger windows that flooded the interior with light.
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