Lydia is busy with work and school. Her boss increased her hours at work from 15 to 40 hours a week due to the pandemic. She has no time to complete her essay, so she buys an essay online and submits it. What is this an example of

The model that assumes that there is an indirect association between traits and crime is the differential susceptibility model.

The differential susceptibility model proposes that certain individuals are more susceptible to the effects of environmental risk factors due to their genetic makeup and early life experiences. This model assumes that there is an indirect association between traits and crime, in which individuals with certain predisposing factors are more likely to be influenced by environmental risk factors and therefore more likely to engage in criminal behavior.

In conclusion, the differential susceptibility model suggests that there is a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in the development of criminal behavior. This model highlights the importance of understanding individual differences in susceptibility to environmental risk factors when attempting to prevent or reduce crime.

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Unlike similar studies examining the self-reference effect in the United States, a study in China found that information about one's study in China is remembered as well as information about the self.

This study suggests that in Chinese culture, where education is highly valued, academic achievements and experiences are closely tied to one's sense of self. Therefore, information about one's study in China becomes a part of the individual's self-concept and is processed as self-relevant information. This finding has important implications for understanding cultural differences in memory and cognition, as well as for educational practices in China.

It highlights the importance of acknowledging and valuing academic achievements and experiences in shaping one's sense of self in Chinese culture. Future research can explore the boundary conditions and underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon to further advance our understanding of the self-reference effect and cultural influences on cognition.

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Alex is an example of a healthy and active aging adult. As people age, they may experience physical, cognitive, and social changes that impact their quality of life.

Maintaining an active and involved lifestyle, on the other hand, can aid in the promotion of physical and mental health, social relationships, and personal fulfilment.

Alex's involvement in community meetings, religious activities, exercise, and travel demonstrates his appreciation for social connection, physical fitness, and personal growth.

Such activities can also provide opportunities for new ideas and viewpoints to be shared, learned, and explored.

Alex may improve his resilience, adaptability, and sense of purpose by staying active and involved, all of which are crucial aspects in ageing well.

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The period of very rapid growth in height and weight that occurs during the transformation from childhood to adolescence is called the adolescent growth spurt.

This is a time when adolescents experience a significant increase in height, weight, and muscle mass. The growth spurt typically begins around the age of 11 or 12 for girls and 13 or 14 for boys and lasts for several years. During this time, the body undergoes significant changes, including the development of secondary sexual characteristics and changes in bone density. The growth spurt can be accompanied by a number of physical and emotional changes, and it is important for adolescents to receive support and guidance during this time.

Overall, the adolescent growth spurt is a complex process that involves a range of physiological and psychological changes, and it is important to provide a detailed and long answer to fully understand its significance.
One aspect of the transformation from childhood to adolescence involves a period of very rapid growth in height and weight called the "growth spurt."

The growth spurt typically occurs during puberty, which is a time of significant hormonal and physical changes in the body. This rapid increase in height and weight is an important part of the transition from childhood to adolescence.

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A person with low self-esteem would be more likely to respond to failure by experiencing feelings of self-doubt, shame, and worthlessness.

They may feel as though their failure is a reflection of their personal inadequacy and may struggle with negative self-talk and rumination about their shortcomings. This can result in a pattern of avoidance or withdrawal, as the fear of further failure and rejection may be too overwhelming to face.

In contrast, a person with high self-esteem is more likely to view failure as a learning opportunity and may approach challenges with a growth mindset. They are able to maintain a positive sense of self, even in the face of setbacks, and are more resilient when faced with adversity.

This allows them to take risks and pursue their goals with confidence, even if they encounter obstacles along the way.

It is important to note that self-esteem is not a fixed trait and can fluctuate depending on the situation and individual experiences. However, developing a healthy sense of self-worth and cultivating a growth mindset can help individuals to navigate failures and setbacks with greater resilience and confidence.

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The correct answer to the question is C. Tolerance. Tolerance is a common phenomenon that occurs with prolonged use of drugs or medications. It refers to the need for higher doses of a drug to achieve the same effects as before.

Tolerance can occur due to various reasons such as changes in the body's metabolism, receptor down-regulation, and changes in the brain's chemistry. Tolerance is not only a physical phenomenon but also has psychological implications. The desire to experience the same level of high can lead to psychological dependence, which is a state where a person feels a strong emotional attachment to the drug and relies on it to function normally. This can lead to a vicious cycle of drug abuse, where the person may take higher doses of the drug to overcome the tolerance and experience the desired effects.In conclusion, tolerance is a common occurrence with drug use that can lead to psychological dependence. It is essential to recognize the signs of tolerance and dependence and seek professional help to manage the addiction. Treatment options include therapy, medications, and support groups to help individuals overcome their addiction and achieve long-term recovery.

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Nontherapeutic research is a type of research that does not directly benefit the participants, but instead seeks to advance scientific knowledge or test a hypothesis.

According to Fremgen, obtaining informed consent is particularly important in nontherapeutic research because it involves risks to participants without offering direct benefits to them.

Nontherapeutic research refers to studies that do not involve the use of medical interventions or treatments for the purpose of curing, improving, or preventing a disease or medical condition. Instead, nontherapeutic research is conducted to investigate the natural history, causes, or mechanisms of a disease, or to test the safety and effectiveness of new diagnostic tools or screening methods.

Examples of nontherapeutic research include studies that examine the lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of cancer, or investigations into the genetic underpinnings of inherited diseases. Nontherapeutic research can also involve the use of placebos, or inert substances, to test the effectiveness of new drugs or treatments.

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These are four important things a Shang warrior would have seen, heard, touched, and felt (emotions) as a member of the Shang army.

1- Seen: A Shang warrior would have seen fellow soldiers preparing for battle, including sharpening weapons, donning armor, and strategizing with their commanding officers. They would have also seen the enemy army, which could have been a frightening sight.

2- Heard: A Shang warrior would have heard the sounds of battle, including the clanging of weapons, the screams of the wounded, and the orders of their commanding officers. They would have also heard the sound of horses galloping and the battle cries of their fellow soldiers.

3- Touched: A Shang warrior would have touched their weapons and armor, which were essential tools for their survival on the battlefield. They may have also touched the wounds of their fellow soldiers, administering first aid or providing comfort in their final moments.

4- Felt (Emotions): As a member of the Shang army, a warrior would have experienced a range of emotions, including fear, anxiety, and excitement before the battle. During the battle, they may have felt intense fear, adrenaline, and a sense of purpose as they fought to protect their kingdom.

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The two-parent family structure is known as a nuclear family.

The nuclear family is a traditional family structure that includes a married couple and their children as the core members of the group. It is often referred to as a "nuclear" family because it is the smallest and most basic unit of a larger extended family network. In this family structure, the parents are responsible for providing for and raising their children, and the children are expected to obey and respect their parents. While the nuclear family is still a prevalent family structure in many cultures, other family structures such as single-parent families and blended families are becoming increasingly common.

A nuclear family consists of two parents (usually a father and a mother) and their children, forming the core of the family group. This family structure is commonly seen in many societies and is often considered the traditional family unit.

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Deindividuation such as chanting and shouting, often diverts our attention, potentially increasing deindividuation.

Deindividuation is a sense of anonymity that frequently leads to "impulsive, deviant acts". Deindividuation is a condition when people engage in what appear to be reckless, depraved, and occasionally violent activities while they believe no one can truly identify them. Some deindividualized situations may make people less accountable because it is more difficult to monitor or discipline people who are hidden inside a group.

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Hans Eysenck, a prominent psychologist, called into question the effectiveness of psychological treatment through his critical analysis of psychotherapy research. In his 1952 paper, Eysenck examined the outcomes of various studies on psychotherapy, comparing them with control groups and spontaneous remission rates.

He concluded that psychotherapy did not demonstrate significant improvements in patients' mental health compared to those who did not receive treatment. Eysenck's findings challenged the widely-held belief in the efficacy of psychological treatments, leading to an increased focus on evidence-based practices within the field. His work emphasized the importance of scientifically sound methodologies and objective measures in evaluating therapy outcomes.
In response to Eysenck's critique, researchers improved their study designs, leading to the development of more rigorous and controlled trials. As a result, the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches has become better understood, and many have been proven to be beneficial for specific mental health conditions. Despite the initial controversy, Eysenck's findings ultimately contributed to the advancement of psychotherapy research and practice. His work sparked a movement towards evidence-based treatments, ensuring that therapists employ interventions backed by scientific research. This shift has ultimately improved the overall quality of mental health care, resulting in better outcomes for patients.

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As a neutral party in the conflict, it can be challenging to navigate a tense work environment.

In this situation, it's essential to focus on your own work and maintain professionalism. However, if the disturbance in your work is affecting your productivity or mental health, it may be necessary to speak to a supervisor or HR representative to address the issue.

Regarding the unsuccessful attempt at reconciliation, it may be worth acknowledging the effort and expressing gratitude for the attempt to improve the situation. It may also be helpful to suggest alternative methods for resolving the conflict or encourage the parties involved to seek outside mediation.

Overall, it's essential to maintain a positive attitude and not take sides in the conflict. By remaining neutral, you can continue to focus on your work and contribute positively to the department's overall climate.

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Research has demonstrated that introverts typically respond more strongly to intense stimuli as compared with extroverts.

This is due to differences in the way that introverts and extroverts process sensory information. Introverts tend to have higher levels of arousal in the brain, which means they are more easily overstimulated by external stimuli. Extraverts, on the other hand, have lower levels of arousal in the brain, which means they require more stimulation to reach an optimal level of alertness.

This difference in arousal levels may account for why introverts tend to avoid stimulating environments and prefer quieter, more peaceful settings.

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Using rewards to bribe people to engage in an activity they already enjoy is most likely to inhibit intrinsic motivation. So, the correct answer is  intrinsic motivation.

Intrinsic motivation refers to the natural drive to engage in an activity because it is personally rewarding or enjoyable. When external rewards are introduced, such as bribes, it can shift the focus from the enjoyment of the activity itself to the rewards. As a result, the individual may become less interested in the activity and may stop engaging in it once the rewards are removed.

This can lead to a decrease in latent learning, which refers to learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement or reward. When intrinsic motivation is inhibited, individuals may be less likely to engage in the activity without the promise of a reward, which can limit opportunities for spontaneous recovery and limit their ability to learn through trial and error.

Continuous reinforcement refers to providing a reward every time a desired behavior is exhibited, while respondent behavior refers to behavior that is elicited by a specific stimulus. Neither of these concepts directly relates to the use of rewards to bribe people to engage in an activity they already enjoy. So, the correct answer is intrinsic motivation.

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There have been numerous studies that have found correlations between mood disorders such as depression and a variety of structural abnormalities in the brain.

One of the most consistent findings is that reduced volume in the hippocampus is related to depression. The hippocampus is a part of the brain that plays a key role in regulating emotions and memory, and its reduced volume has been associated with a number of emotional and cognitive symptoms commonly seen in depression.

Other brain regions that have been implicated in mood disorders include the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex, among others. Overall, these findings suggest that structural abnormalities in the brain may contribute to the development and persistence of mood disorders, and may offer insights into potential new treatments and interventions.

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The efforts by political campaigns to tailor messages to individuals in small homogeneous groups based on their group interests to support a candidate or policy issue is called microtargeting.

Microtargeting is a strategy used by political campaigns to deliver highly targeted messages to voters based on their demographics, interests, and behaviors. It involves analyzing large amounts of data, such as voting records, consumer behavior, and social media activity, to identify groups of people with similar interests and preferences. By delivering highly personalized messages to these groups, political campaigns hope to increase engagement and support for their candidate or policy issue. Microtargeting has become an increasingly important tool in political campaigns, as it allows campaigns to reach voters with highly specific messages and improve the effectiveness of their communication strategies.

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A longitudinal study is when we assess people across time to see how their lives change, whereas a cross-sectional study is when we assess different people at different ages at the same time of testing.

A longitudinal study is where a group of people is followed over time  with data collected at multiple points to observe how their lives change which can help identify trends and patterns of development.

A cross-sectional study is where data is collected from different groups of people at the same point in time which can provide information about age-related differences but cannot provide information about individual changes over time.

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The process of collecting and analyzing original data and applying the results to current research needs is called primary market research.

Primary market research is a completely unique take a look at performed through your self to find out the want and desires of clients who match the outline of your goal marketplace. The procedure includes drawing near your centered supply and asking questions on your product or service.Primary marketplace studies is completed through amassing records your self, frequently thru surveys or interviews together along with your goal marketplace. Secondary studies makes use of present records that you could discover on line or in studies reviews and books.

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Josephine's case is an example of Anterograde Amnesia. This type of amnesia is characterized by the inability to form new memories after a brain injury or trauma.

In Josephine's case, her traumatic brain injury at the age of five has affected her ability to retain new information, which has had a significant impact on her academic and social life. Anterograde Amnesia is different from Retrograde Amnesia, which is the inability to recall memories that were formed before the brain injury or trauma.

While Josephine may still remember events and information from before her injury, she struggles to retain new information, which affects her day-to-day life. In some cases, individuals with Anterograde Amnesia may still be able to learn new skills, such as playing an instrument or a sport, but they will not remember the details of how they learned it.

Treatment options for Anterograde Amnesia are limited, but some therapies may help individuals with memory retention and improve their quality of life.

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The given statement is False because While it is true that fear appeals can be effective in motivating an audience to take action, ethically exaggerating a threat for effect is not recommended.

As a responsible speaker, it is important to maintain honesty, integrity, and accuracy when presenting information. Exaggerating a threat can lead to misinformation, unnecessary panic, and loss of credibility.

When using fear appeals, a speaker should focus on the following elements:

Establish the severity of the threat: Clearly demonstrate the seriousness of the issue and the potential consequences if not addressed properly.

Highlight vulnerability: Show the audience how they are at risk and susceptible to the threat, making it relevant to their well-being.

Propose a solution: Offer a practical and achievable solution that the audience can take action on to reduce or eliminate the threat.

Efficacy: Convey the effectiveness of the proposed solution, showing how it can realistically address the problem and improve the situation.

By maintaining factual accuracy and providing a clear, well-researched, and ethically presented fear appeal, a speaker can effectively motivate their audience to take action without resorting to unethical exaggeration.

This approach not only upholds the speaker's credibility but also ensures the audience receives accurate information, allowing them to make informed decisions.

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Their oversight best illustrates one of the dynamics involved in the bystander effect.

The bystander effect is a social phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to intervene in an emergency situation when other people are present. In this scenario, the large number of pedestrians who saw Mrs. Smith lying on the ground may have assumed that someone else would help her, leading to a diffusion of responsibility and a lack of action. This phenomenon has been studied extensively in psychology, and research has shown that people are more likely to intervene in an emergency situation when they are alone or when they feel a personal responsibility to act. Understanding the bystander effect can help individuals and organizations develop strategies to encourage more proactive behavior in emergency situations.

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The final stage in the hierarchy of effects is adoption, which is the point where the consumer decides to purchase or use the product or service.

Before reaching this stage, the consumer goes through several other stages, including awareness, interest, evaluation, and trial. Awareness refers to the consumer's initial exposure to the product or service, while interest involves the consumer becoming intrigued by the offering. Evaluation is when the consumer considers the pros and cons of the product, and trial is when the consumer tries the product or service before committing to it. Adoption is the final stage where the consumer fully embraces and integrates the product or service into their lives.

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In the case of Sebastian being questioned by the police about a breaking and entering case, the presence of his parent or legal guardian would most likely result in him waiving his juvenile constitutional rights.

This is because parents or legal guardians have the legal authority to make decisions on behalf of their minor child. If Sebastian's parent or legal guardian is present during questioning, they may encourage him to cooperate with the police and answer their questions truthfully, which could lead to Sebastian waiving his rights.However, it is important to note that even with the presence of a parent or legal guardian, Sebastian still has the right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning. If he chooses to exercise these rights, his parent or legal guardian cannot override them. It is also important for Sebastian to understand his rights and the potential consequences of waiving them before making any decisions during police questioning.Overall, the presence of a parent or legal guardian during police questioning can be helpful in encouraging a minor to cooperate with the police, but it is ultimately up to the individual to make their own decisions regarding their constitutional rights.

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The divisions of psychology listed by the APA (American Psychological Association) today gives a clear indication of the wide range of topics and areas of study within the field of psychology.

There are 54 divisions that focus on different aspects of psychology, including but not limited to clinical psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, educational psychology, social psychology, and neuropsychology.

Each division is dedicated to advancing research, promoting education, and providing resources to professionals within their specific area of expertise.
The existence of these divisions highlights the interdisciplinary nature of psychology and the importance of specialization within the field.

By having different divisions, professionals are able to collaborate and share their knowledge and expertise with each other, which ultimately benefits the field as a whole.
Furthermore, the divisions also provide opportunities for individuals to become involved in areas that align with their personal interests and passions.

For example, someone who is interested in sports psychology can become a member of Division 47: Exercise and Sport Psychology, and network with other professionals in the field.
In summary, the divisions of psychology listed by the APA today give a clear indication of the breadth and depth of the field of psychology, as well as the importance of specialization and collaboration within the field.

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In most states in the US, a first conviction of driving while under the influence of intoxicating liquor with no death or injury involved will result in a combination of fines, probation, mandatory alcohol education programs, and license suspension.

The severity of the fines and the length of the license suspension may vary depending on the state in which the offense occurred and the level of intoxication at the time of the arrest. However, it is important to note that even a first-time conviction for driving under the influence can have long-lasting consequences on one's personal and professional life. It can impact job prospects, car insurance rates, and even the ability to rent a home. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs and to always make safe and responsible choices when it comes to drinking and driving.

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The phenomenon known as the "ingroup bias." When people are divided into groups based on an arbitrary outcome, such as a coin toss, they tend to develop a sense of loyalty and favoritism towards their own group.

This can lead to unfair distribution of rewards, as individuals may be more likely to choose members of their own group over others. Understanding the ingroup bias can help us recognize and mitigate the effects of arbitrary groupings on decision-making and ensure fair treatment for all individuals involved.Arbitrary outcomes can be frustrating and unfair, as they often do not take into account the skills, abilities, or qualifications of those involved.

It is important to strive for fair and objective decision-making processes, to ensure that outcomes are based on merit and not on chance.

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Michael Bloomberg's successful tenure as mayor of New York for three consecutive terms would satisfy the innate human need for self-actualization according to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Self-actualization is the highest level of need in the pyramid and refers to achieving one's full potential, personal growth, and fulfillment. Bloomberg's achievements in his mayoral role, such as improving public safety, promoting public health, and implementing sustainable policies, would contribute to the satisfaction of this need. Additionally, his success as a businessman and philanthropist also align with the self-actualization need as he was able to use his resources to make a positive impact on society.

Overall, Bloomberg's accomplishments during his time as mayor would have contributed to fulfilling the self-actualization need in both himself and those he served.

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The answer to  question is conflict. Conflict is the process in which one party perceives that his or her interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party.

An explanation of conflict is that it is a natural part of human interaction and can occur in various settings, including personal relationships, work environments, and international relations. Conflict can arise due to differences in values, beliefs, goals, and needs.

A detailed explanation of conflict includes the various stages that it can go through, including the initial disagreement, escalation, peak, de-escalation, and resolution. Conflict resolution can be achieved through various methods, such as mediation, negotiation, dialogue, and arbitration. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method depends on the specific situation and the parties involved.

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She's in the study for 3 months but doesn't know that her milk allergy is causing her body to block nutrients, so it doesn't help her. Maritza's allergy is an example of a(n): confound.

Confounding is the word used to describe how a third variable that has an independent relationship with both the independent and dependent variables distorts the relationship between them. The causal relationship between two variables is a term used to describe how the independent variable affects the dependent variable.

When the effects of the exposure being researched on a certain result are coupled with the effects of another factor (or collection of factors), confounding, also known as "mixing of effects," happens, which distorts the underlying connection.

Person confusion occurs when two or more sets of units (such as employees from different occupations) are compared while varying in one or more additional (observed or unobserved) properties. Confounding is the word used to describe how a third variable that has an independent relationship with both the independent and dependent variables distorts the relationship between them.

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A speaker can also encourage involvement by using humor, breaking down complex ideas, and using real-world examples.

If a topic is too complex for the entire audience to participate in, the speaker can encourage audience involvement by:

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