Carbon atoms 1 and 4 have an anti conformation.
Butane can exist in four different "extreme" conformations: 1) Complete eclipse, where the methyl groups completely block each other; 2) Gauche, in which the methyl groups are spaced apart but close to one another; 3) Eclipsed, in which the methyl groups cover hydrogen atoms; and 4) Anti, in which the methyl groups are spaced apart but as far apart as possible.
The two methyl groups are as far apart from one another as they can be, with a dihedral angle of 180 degrees, in the most stable conformation. Anti describes this specific staggered structure. The alternative staggered conformation is referred to as gauche and has an Me-Me dihedral angle of 60 degrees.
Due to steric strain, which is the repulsive interaction brought on by the two bulky methyl groups being pressed too close together, the gauche conformation has a greater energy valley than the anti conformation. There is no doubt that the anti conformation has less steric strain.
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in the 100ml graduated cylinder, which sediment will settl eout of suspension first and sink to the bottom and why?
The particle with the highest density will settle out first and sink to the bottom.
The settling of particles in a suspension depends on their density and size. In general, particles with a higher density will settle out of suspension faster and sink to the bottom of the container. This is because the force of gravity acting on the particles is proportional to their mass, and their mass is proportional to their density. Hence, particles with a higher density will experience a greater force of gravity and will settle out of suspension faster.
So, in conclusion, in a 100 ml graduated cylinder, the particle with the highest density will settle out of suspension first and sink to the bottom due to the force of gravity acting on the particles, which is proportional to their mass and density.
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why do you think scientists use a bell curve to describe temperature or rate of change of particles?
Explanation:
Scientists use a bell curve (also known as a normal distribution) to describe temperature or the rate of change of particles because it provides a visual representation of the distribution of data around the average or mean value. The bell curve shape is symmetrical around the mean, with the majority of the data points clustering around the mean and fewer data points further away from the mean.
In the case of temperature, the mean temperature represents the average temperature of a sample, and the shape of the bell curve indicates how much the temperature deviates from the average. The use of a bell curve helps to show any patterns or trends in the data and can be used to make predictions about future temperature changes based on past observations.
Similarly, in the case of particle motion, the mean velocity represents the average speed of the particles, and the bell curve shows how the speed of the particles is distributed around the mean. The use of a bell curve helps to understand the behavior of particles and the distribution of energy among particles in a system.
Which box to pick for this answer
In the aqueous solution, the electrolyte CuSO_4 dissociates into Cu^2+ and SO^2- ions as well as H+ and OH ions.
What are inert electrodes for electrolysis?A few examples of inert electrodes include graphite and platinum. Metals like copper, silver, and gold are examples of reactive electrodes. The electrolysis of diluted sulfuric acid using graphite electrodes as the cathode and anode is an illustration of electrolysis utilizing inert electrodes. As a result, aqueous CuSO4 is electrolyzed with inert electrodes to create Cu at the cathode and O2 at the anode.
An inert electrode is one that doesn't contribute chemically to the electrode reaction; it solely acts as an electron source or sink. As inert electrodes, precious metals, mercury, and carbon are frequently utilized.
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what are the predominant forms of phosphate ions in a neutral ph phosphate buffer?
The predominant forms of phosphate ions present in a neutral pH phosphate buffer is orthophosphate as H₂PO₄⁻ or HPO₄⁻².
Phosphate plays a pivotal role in the energetics of metabolic processes, biological structures, as well as regulation and therefore one of the most crucial inorganic ions in biochemistry. Inorganic phosphate which is also often abbreviated Pi, and also known as orthophosphate, in the aqueous solution exists as H₂PO₄⁻ or HPO₄⁻², and is a very effective buffer at at neutral pH.
Although, the predominant forms of phosphorus which exist between pH 4 and 10 are the two intermediates, namely, dihydrogen phosphate (which is monobasic) and monohydrogen phosphate (which is dibasic).
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A solution of toluene (C₇H₈) in 301 g of cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂) has a boiling point of 90. 30 °C. What quantity in moles of toluene are in the solution? (For cyclohexane Kb = 2. 92 °C/m, normal boiling point, Tb = 80. 90 °C)
0.96 moles of toluene (C7H8) are present in 301 g of cyclohexane (C6H12), which has a boiling point of 90.30 °C.
What are the physical properties of toluene?Boiling point of cyclohexane = 90.30 °C
Mass of cyclohexane = 301 g
Kb of cyclohexane = 2.92 °C/m
Tb of cyclohexane = 80.90 °C
The mole fractions of benzene and toluene are X1 and X2, respectively. We are aware that X1 + X2 = 1 is a solution. Toluene's mole fraction will be 0.5 since X1 = 0.1. Consequently, 0.5 moles of benzene and 0.5 moles of toluene will be present in each mole of the solution.
∆ Tb is the variation in cyclohexane's boiling point.
90.30 °C - 80.90 °C = 9.40 °C
Molality times mass of cyclohexane equals toluene moles per kilogram (in kg)
= 3.22 x 301/1000 = 0.96mol
Therefore, Number of moles of toluene = 0.96 moles.
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where is the chemical energy that is produced in the light dependent reaction, used first in the plant?
The stroma is the place where light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis occur in plants.
Photosynthesis is said to be the method by which plants make their food by using the sun, air, and carbon dioxide.
The light-independent reaction in photosynthesis is referred to as the Calvin cycle and takes place in the stroma which is between the thylakoid membrane and the chloroplast membrane and does not require light, so it is called the light-independent reaction in photosynthesis. During this phase, energy from NADPH and ATP molecules is used to modulate carbohydrate molecules such as glucose from carbon dioxide.
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calculate the molarity (m) of 1.625 moles of agno3 in 3.25 liters solution.
The molarity (m) of 1.625 moles of AgNO3 in 3.25 liters of solution is 0.5 molar (M).
What is molarity?
Molarity (m) is a unit of concentration that represents the amount of solute present in a solution per unit volume of the solution. It is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute present in the solution to the volume of the solution in liters.
To calculate the molarity of 1.625 moles of AgNO3 in 3.25 liters of solution:
m = moles of solute / liters of solution = 1.625 moles / 3.25 liters = 0.5 M
So, the molarity of the solution is 0.5 M, which means there are 0.5 moles of AgNO3 per liter of solution.
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Which of the following is a testable hypothesis?
A. Is there a proportional relationship between the number of pimples a person gets and the amount of chocolate he/she eats?
B. High levels of salt in soil will probably affect plant growth by either making the plants grow better or causing the plants to die.
C. The growth rate of an E. coli bacterial colony will increase as temperature increases from 10°C to 50°C.
D. Hurricanes look larger in images taken by an orbiting satellite than in video footage taken by weather reporters standing on Earth's surface.
Answer:
C. The growth rate of an E. coli bacterial colony will increase as temperature increases from 10°C to 50°C.
how do we know when a chemical equation is balanced?
A chemical equation is considered balanced when the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.
How is a chemical equation balanced?
A chemical equation is considered balanced when the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation. This means that the same number of atoms of each element must be present on both the reactant side and the product side of the equation.
To balance a chemical equation, you can adjust the coefficients (the numbers in front of the chemical formulas) to make sure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides. You can use simple arithmetic to determine the correct coefficients. For example, if a reactant contains 2 atoms of hydrogen and a product contains 4 atoms of hydrogen, you would need to add a coefficient of 2 in front of the reactant to balance the equation.
Once you have balanced the equation, it should have the same number of atoms of each element on both sides and the same charge on both sides. You can check this by counting the number of atoms of each element and the total charge on each side of the equation.
It is important to note that the balancing of chemical equations is based on the principle of conservation of matter, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Therefore, the total number of atoms of each element must be conserved in a balanced chemical equation.
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What is Phosphoric Acid?
Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless, non-flammable inorganic acid with the chemical formula H3PO4. It is commonly used as a food additive, industrial cleaner, and rust remover, as well as in the production of fertilizers, detergents, and other chemical products.
What is inorganic acid?
An inorganic acid is a type of acid that does not contain carbon atoms. Examples include sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and carbonic acid (H2CO3).
These acids have a wide range of applications, including use as industrial chemicals, laboratory reagents, and food additives. Inorganic acids are often highly corrosive and can cause harm to living tissue, so they must be handled with care.
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what is the bond order of the n-o bonds in the nitrosyl fluoride molecule?
The bond order of the N-O bonds in nitrosyl fluoride (NOF) is 1.5.
Bond order refers to the number of chemical bonds present between two atoms in a molecule. It is calculated based on the number of electrons involved in bonding and can range from zero to a maximum of 3 for a covalent bond.
In nitrosyl fluoride (NOF), the nitrogen (N) atom and the oxygen (O) atom are joined by a single covalent bond, which involves the sharing of two electrons. However, the bond is not a simple single bond, but rather a resonance hybrid of two contributing structures, both of which have a bond order of 1.5. This results in a bond order of 1.5 for the N-O bond in nitrosyl fluoride.
The concept of bond order is important because it provides insight into the stability of a molecule and helps to predict the bond lengths and strengths of the bonds in the molecule.
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how many carbon atoms are in 5 moles of ethane, c2h6?
Carbon atoms in 5 moles of ethane (C₂H₆) = 6 carbons.
Carbon is the six-atomic chemical element with the symbol C. As a nonmetallic, tetravalent member of group 14 on the periodic table, it has four electrons available to create covalent chemical bonds.
Two (2) moles of carbon atoms make up 1 mole of C₂H₆.
Hence, the carbon atoms are there in 3 moles of C₂H₆:
= 2 × 3 = 6
Six moles of hydrogen atoms make up 1 mole of C₂H₆
Carbon atoms are there in 3 moles of C₂H₆
= 3 × 6 = 18
Ethane makes up 6.023 x 10²³ molecules in 1 mole of C₂H₆
Molecular weight in 3 moles of C₂H₆
= 3 × 6.023 × 10²³
= 18.069 × 10²³
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A food worker is putting chemicals into clean spray bottles what must the food worker include.
To prevent mixing up, the food worker must carefully mark the spray bottle with what is inside to assure that accident hapen.
Since chemicals are dangerous, it is best top store them in their own special location and to stay away from sanitizing chemicals when preparing food to prevent contamination.
Chemicals labels must be included on all substances that are poisonous, oxidizing, corrosive, reactive, carcinogenic, or flammable, as well as any liquids or gases that are under pressure, such as liquid nitrogen tanks and compressed air cylinders.
Chemicals should also never be kept close to food or surfaces that come into contact with it. To prevent cross-contamination, the chemical storage space for food workers needs to be isolated from the food storage area. Chemical spills into food are relatively simple to happen if they are stored close to locations where food is prepared.
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Which species has 18 electrons?
a) 39K
b) 32S-2
c) 35Cl
d) 27Al+3
e) 64Cu+2
The 18 electron 32S-2 species. The sodium ion on the right has a total charge of -1 and consists of 17 proton and 18 electrons.
What materials make up electrons?While electrons do not have quarks, protons and neutrons do. We believe that quarks and particles are basic particles that are not composed of lesser subatomic particles.
What do electrons mean in plain English?An electron is a negative charges atom that may either be unbound or bonded to another atom (not bound). One of the three main types of particles inside of an atom is an electrons that is bonded to it; the other two are quarks and neutrons.
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an atom has 16 neutrons and a mass number of 30. what is the atomic number, z, of this atom?
An atom has the 16 neutrons and the mass number of 30. The atomic number, Z of this atom is 14 as the number of the proton is 14.
The number of the neutrons = 16 neutrons
The mass number of the atom = 30
The expression for the mass number is as follows :
The mass number = neutrons + protons
The number of the protons = Mass number - neutrons
The number of the protons = 30 - 16
The mass number of the protons = 14 protons
The atomic number of an atom = the number of the protons
The atomic number of an atom = 14
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Match each weak acid with the pH value at which it would buffer. pH 3 pH 5 pH 9 Answer Bank hydrazoic acid (pK, of 4.6) acetic acid (pk, of 4 76 boric acid (pK, of 9.24) ammonium (pK, of 9.25) chloroacetic acid (pK, of 2.87) formic acid (pk, of 3.8)
The pH of a buffer is equal to the pK of the weak acid. Therefore, the pH of the buffer for each weak acid is equal to its pK.
What is the acid ?An acid is a substance that has a sour taste and can dissolve certain materials, such as metals. Acids contain hydrogen and can be identified by their pH level, which measures how acidic or basic a substance is. Acids have a pH level lower than 7, while bases are higher than 7. When mixed with a base, acids can create neutral solutions with a pH of 7. Examples of acids include acetic acid (found in vinegar), sulfuric acid (found in batteries), and citric acid (found in citrus fruits).
Hydrazoic acid: pH 3 (pK, of 4.6)
Acetic acid: pH 5 (pK, of 4.76)
Boric acid: pH 9 (pK, of 9.24)
Ammonium: pH 9 (pK, of 9.25)
Chloroacetic acid: pH 3 (pK, of 2.87)
Formic acid: pH 3 (pK, of 3.8)
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Which quantum numbers must be the same for the orbitals that they designate to be degenerate in a many-electron system?(a) n, ℓ, and mℓ(b) n only(c) n, ℓ, mℓ and ms(d) ms only(e) n and ℓ only.
The quantum numbers must be the same for the orbitals that they designate to be the degenerate in a many-electron system is the correct option is (e) n and l only.
The degenerates orbital are the orbitals of the same sub shell and having the same energy. The quantum numbers are the set of the numbers which describes the energy , position of the electrons. The n is the principle quantum number. The principle quantum number designate the electron shell of atom. The l is the azimuthal quantum number , which tells the shape of the orbital.
Thus the quantum number having the same orbitals are n and l only.
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when a scientist uses many specific observations to construct a general scientific principle, the scientist is using reasoning.true or false
The statement is true, because when a scientist uses many specific observations to construct a general scientific principle, the scientist is using reasoning.
This is an example of inductive reasoning, which is a form of logical thinking that uses specific observations to create general principles.
The importance of scientists lies in their ability to develop testable explanations and predictions about the universe based on scientific evidence.
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write down the subshell from which an electron would have to be removed to make Acation and the subshell to which an electron would have to be added to make anion. The first row has been completed for You_ atom subshell from which electron subshell to which electron removed t0 form + cation added to form anion
Here is an illustration of the subshells that would need to have an electron taken from them in order to form a + cation and the subshells that would need to have an electron added to them in order to form a -1 anion.
The charge of an electron, which is commonly thought to be negative, is equal to and the opposite of the charge of a proton, which is typically thought to be positive. Because there are more electrons than protons in an ion's total charge, the net charge is not zero. An anion is a negatively charged ion that has more electrons than protons compared to a positively charged ion called a cation. Because they have opposing electric charges, cations and anions are drawn to one another by electrostatic force, which makes it easy to create ionic compounds. Atomic ions are distinct from molecular ions, which are composed of two or more atoms and are also known as multi-atom ions.
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does hydrogen fluoride have hydrogen bonding
Hydrogen fluoride have intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
HF being a liquid forms relatively strong hydrogen bonds, hence it have relatively high boiling point. Solid HF contains a number of zig-zag chains of HF molecules. The HF molecules, containing a short covalent H–F bond of 95 pm length, are linked to neighboring molecules by intermolecular H–F distances of 155 pm.
Being the lightest of the hydrogen halides, it has a surprisingly high boiling point, higher even than that of hydrogen iodide. The reason behind this is the strong electronegativity of the fluorine atom, which causes hydrogen and fluorine atoms to form hydrogen bonds in the liquid phase.
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What is Henderson and Hasselbalch equation explain it for pH pKa?
pH = pKa - log ([Acid]/[Salt]), or the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The final log term changes from negative to positive when the argument is inverted, as in pH = pKa + logs ([Salt]/[Acid]).
How does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation describe pH?
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which reads pH = pKa + log([A]/[HA]), can be used to figure out a buffer's pH. Its equilibrium concentrations of conjugate acid-base pair utilized to make the buffer solution are denoted by [HA] and [A] in this equation.
Why is pH pKa important?
Discover more about our editing procedure. 30 January 2020 update. The pH serves as a gauge for the amount of hydrogen ions present inside an aqueous solution. Although pH and pKa (ammonium acetate constant) are linked, pKa is more precise since it allows you to forecast how a molecule will react to at a particular pH.
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pH = pKa - log ([Acid]/[Salt]), or the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The final log term changes from negative to positive when the argument is inverted, as in pH = pKa + logs ([Salt]/[Acid]).
How does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation describe pH?
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which reads pH = pKa + log([A]/[HA]), can be used to figure out a buffer's pH. Its equilibrium concentrations of conjugate acid-base pair utilized to make the buffer solution are denoted by [HA] and [A] in this equation.
Why is pH pKa important?
Discover more about our editing procedure. 30 January 2020 update. The pH serves as a gauge for the amount of hydrogen ions present inside an aqueous solution. Although pH and pKa (ammonium acetate constant) are linked, pKa is more precise since it allows you to forecast how a molecule will react to at a particular pH.
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HELPPPPPP!!!
Which of the following is a correct empirical formula if the ratio is 1:1?
FeS2
CO
N2O
CF2Cl2
Answer:
Explanation:
could you help me please
how many molecules of o2 are produced when 40.1 g of kclo3 decomposes as shown in the reaction? 2kclo3⟶2kcl 3o2
The 4.189g of molecules of o2 are produced when 40.1 g of kclo3 decomposes as shown in the reaction.
What is molecule?
The number of atoms that make up a molecule might vary. Pillows, sheets, and mattress toppers are now part of Molecule's growing line of sleep essentials. To give sleepers a cool, supportive surface, the Molecule AirTEC Mattress Topper blends three layers of open-cell memory foam, AirTEC foam, and polyfoam.
What is reaction ?
A chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more chemicals, known as reactants, into one or more new compounds, known as products. The change in concentration of any of the reactants or products per unit of time can be used to determine the rate or speed of a reaction. It is determined by the equation rate=time + concentration.
Therefore, 4.189g of molecules of o2 are produced when 40.1 g of kclo3 decomposes as shown in the reaction.
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explain simple chemical reactions and bonds
When atoms' chemical bonds are established or ruptured, chemical processes take place. The ability to form molecules and crystals is made possible by a chemical bond, which is a strong attraction between atoms or ions.
The materials that initiate a chemical reaction are known as reactants, while the materials created as a result of the reaction are known as products. Though a chemical reaction is not necessarily a "one-way street," an arrow is drawn between the reactants and products to show the direction of the reaction.
Chemical bonding is the enticing force that binds diverse components (atoms, ions, etc.) together and stabilises them through a net loss of energy. Therefore, it is clear that chemical compounds depend on the strength of the chemical bonds that connect its individual parts; the more stable the final molecule, the stronger the chemical connections between its parts.
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at 23.8 °c, the vapor pressure of isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) is 40. torr. at 39.5 °c, the vapor pressure is 100. torr. what is the enthalpy of vaporization for isopropyl alcohol in kj/mol?
At 23.8 °C, the vapor pressure of isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) is 40. torr. at 39.5 °C,. The enthalpy of vaporization for isopropyl alcohol in kJ/mol is 76.15 kJ/mol.
The vapor pressure , P1 = 40 torr
The vapor pressure , P2= 100 torr
The temperature T1 = 23.8 °C
The temperature , T2 = 39.5 °C
The expression is given as :
ln P2 /P1 = - ΔH / R ( 1/ T2 - 1/ T1)
ln 100/40 = -ΔH / 8.314 ( 1/312.5 - 1/ 296.8)
ln2.5 = -ΔH/ 8.314 (-0.0001)
0.916 × 8.314 = ΔH 0.0001
ΔH = 76156.2 J/mol
ΔH = 76.15 kJ/mol
Thus, the heat of vaporization is 76.15 kJ/mol.
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How do acid and base react with each other reaction?
When an acid as well as a base react together in order produce salt as well as water as products, it is known as a neutralization reaction.
Acids and bases react with each other, they produce salt as well as water as products. This kind of reaction is known as a neutralization reaction. It is known as a neutralization reaction because in it, an acid gets neutralized by a base.
For example, when sulfuric acid reacts with base like sodium hydroxide, it results in the formation of sodium sulfate, salt, and water. The reaction is given as:
H₂SO₄ + NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O
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Lipids are insoluble in water because lipid molecules are _________
A. Hydrophilic
B. Hydrophobic
C. Neutral
D. Zwitter ions
Final answer: Lipid molecules are hydrophobic, which makes them insoluble in water.
What makes lipids unable to dissolve?A vast and varied family of biological molecules known as lipids are distinguished by their hydrophobicity, or inability to dissolve in water.The numerous nonpolar covalent linkages are what give lipids their hydrophobic properties.
Why are lipids not soluble in water?Since hydrocarbons make up the majority of lipids, which create nonpolar covalent connections, lipids are hydrophobic, or water-fearing, and insoluble in water.
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Use the previous atom models to construct a model of the methane molecule by forming covalent bonds, where the methane molecule consists of four hydrogen atoms chemically bonded to one carbon atom. Explain it with a drawing.
Methane is a hydrocarbon that is composed of four hydrogen and one carbon atom as shown.
What is a model?A molecular model refers to a physical, mathematical, or computer-generated representation of a molecule, which can be used to predict its properties and behavior.
Methane can be modeled as per the compound that have been shown in the image that have been attached to the answer that we have in the question here.
It can be shown that a model can help us to be able to conceptualize the molecule.
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how many molecules/atoms are contained in 55.0 g of h2so4?
3.37 × 10²³ molecules are contained in 55.0 g of H₂SO₄ (sulphuric acid).
The given mass of H₂SO₄ = 55.0 g.
Molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 2 × 1 + 32 + 4 × 16 = 98 g/mol
The ratio between a compound's specified mass and its molar mass is used to calculate the number of moles in the compound.
So, number of moles = Given mass/molar maa
or, number of moles = 55/98 = 0.56 moles
One mole of H₂SO₄ will contain the Avogadro's number of molecules.
So, one mole of H₂SO₄ has 6.023 × 10²³ molecules
Hence, 0.56 moles of H₂SO₄ contains = 0.56 × 6.023 × 10²³
= 3.37 × 10²³ molecules.
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Euglena is a microscopic organism that lives in freshwater ponds. It has chloroplasts, moves by a flagellum, and has an eyespot that allows them to sense light. Euglena would MOST LIKELY respond to sunlight by swimming —
A. to the bottom of the pond.
B. toward the surface of the pond.
C. near the roots of a lily pad.
D. beneath an underwater log.
Euglena is a microscopic organism that lives in freshwater ponds. It has chloroplasts, moves by a flagellum, and has an eyespot that allows them to sense light. Euglena would respond to sunlight by swimming towards the surface of the pond which is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Euglena?This is referred to as a genus of unicellular, freshwater organisms that are very common in ponds and small bodies of water.
They have an eyespot that allows them to sense light and respond to it by swimming towards the surface of the pond which is where it is located for photosynthetic activity thereby making it the correct choice.
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