look at the picture ​

The Earth is about 4.5 billion years old, so the atmosphere has been its current composition for about 55% of the Earth's history.

Atmosphere is made of the layers of gases surrounding a planet. Earth's atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and one percent other gases.

Therefore, Atmosphere does not contain the oxygen we need to live but it also protects us from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation and It also creates the pressure without which liquid water couldn't exist on our planet's surface. And it warms our planet and keeps temperatures habitable for our living Earth,

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The distances are measured in nucleotides, so that the map provides direct description of chromosomal DNA molecule. Physical maps specify the distance between landmarks along the chromosome.

A physical map, as related to genomics, is graphical representation of physical locations of landmarks or markers (such as genes, variants and other DNA sequences of interest) within a chromosome.

A centimorgan (also genetic map unit (mu) [94]) is a unit of measure used to approximate genetic distance along the chromosomes.

Physical map is a technique that is used in molecular biology to find order and physical distance between DNA base pairs by DNA markers.

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A. Products of the coupled reaction have lower free energy than products of the uncoupled reaction is correct statement concerning the energetic coupling of reactions.

Energetic coupling is a mechanism that involves the transfer of energy from an exergonic reaction to an endergonic reaction, allowing the latter to proceed. The exergonic reaction (in this case the phosphorylation of substrate B) releases energy, which is used to drive the endergonic reaction (in this case the AB synthesis from A + BP). As a result, the products of the coupled reaction have lower free energy than the products of the uncoupled reaction. This is because the energy released from the exergonic reaction is used to drive the endergonic reaction, thus decreasing the overall energy required for the coupled reaction to occur.

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Cells are made up of a variety of components, including a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane.

a. Group A had most likely been placed in distilled water. This can be inferred from the diagram, which shows that group A has a larger size than group B. Distilled water is a pure form of water, while other solutions typically contain other substances that may cause the cells to swell. Therefore, group A was more likely to have been placed in distilled water than group B.

b. Soaking the fish in salt water before freezing them would prevent the damage to the cells because the salt water solution would contain electrolytes and osmotically active particles, which would cause the cells to become more turgid and less prone to bursting when cooled. This is due to the increased osmotic pressure, which would cause more water to enter the cells and force them to swell.

What do you mean by distilled water?

Distilled water is water that has been purified through a process of distillation, which involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container. Distilled water is free of minerals and other contaminants, making it suitable for use in medical and laboratory settings and for drinking.

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Answer:

Explanation:$75 for 8 friends plus $5 x 4 guests of each guest is 8 or younger =$105

During the transcription of a given portion of a dna molecule mRNA is synthesized on only one of the chains.

When both strands are transcribed, they make different copies of mRNA that can code for different proteins, and since a single molecule of DNA cannot make different proteins, only one strand of DNA is used during transcription. only. Instructions stored in DNA are read and processed by the cell in two steps: transcription and translation.

Each of these phases is a distinct biological process that involves several molecules. During transcription, a portion of the cell's DNA serves as a template for the formation of RNA molecules.

mRNA is produced during transcription. In the transcription process, single-stranded DNA is deciphered by RNA polymerase to synthesize mRNA. Physically, mRNA is a chain of nucleotides known as ribonucleic acid and is single-stranded.

Messenger RNA is translated simultaneously by multiple ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. As the ribosome moves away from the initiation site, another ribosome can bind to the mRNA and initiate synthesis of a new polypeptide chain.

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According to the given option ,The DNA message depends on the order of the Nitrogen bases.

All living things are built and maintained according to the genetic code found in DNA, a complicated, long-chained molecule. DNA, which is present in almost all cells, contains the instructions required to make proteins, certain molecules that are crucial to the growth and operation of the body.

It is essential to the survival of life on the planet. Genetic information is stored in DNA. Genes are long sequences of DNA that act as a kind of guidebook instructing your body on how to build the proteins and carry out the various functions it needs. People with the same genes frequently have little variations.

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Answer:

Cells.

Obtain and Use Energy.

Reproduction.

Respond to the Environment.

Adapt/Evolve.

Answer:

Cellular organization,

the ability to reproduce,

growth & development,

energy use,

homeostasis,

response to their environment,

and the ability to adapt.

Explanation:

:D

Considering the logic of phylogenetic systematics, the following statements is/are true :

Phylogenetic systematics is the formal name for the branch within biology that reconstructs evolutionary history and studies patterns of relationships between organisms. Unfortunately, history is not visible. It only happens once and only leaves clues as to what happened.

The central goals of phylogeny are:

(a) reconstructing the phylogenies of groups of organisms; and (b) proposing information systems in the form of taxonomies that accurately reflect knowledge of the evolutionary history of particular groups.

Phylogeny is important for improving our understanding of how genes, genomes, species (and more generally molecular sequences) evolve.

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Complete question :

Considering the logic of phylogenetic systematics, which of the following statements is/are true?

(a) As depicted above the tree, the term "Anthropoids" is a valid taxonomical group

(b) "Monkeys" are not a valid taxonomical group

(c) "Monkeys" would be a valid taxonomical group if it also included tarsiers

(d) a and b are correct

(e) a and c are correct

By examining the age of the sediment layers where the stone tools are found, researchers can make an educated guess as to their age. Another method for determining the date the tools were manufactured is radiometric dating.

In radioactive dating, radioactive isotopes are used to establish the age of rocks and minerals. This method is useful for dating volcanic and metamorphic rocks since sedimentary materials cannot be dated using the stratigraphic correlation approach. There are more than 300 isotopes that exist naturally.

To determine when the ax was created, scientists can employ radiometric dating. By measuring the relative ages of certain radioactive elements contained in the sample, radiometric dating is a technique for dating geological and archaeological artifacts.

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Chilling can have a major effect on germination and growth of pea seedlings.

What exactly do you mean by germination?

Germination is the process by which a seed or spore develops into a new plant or organism. It involves the sprouting of a seedling from a seed, which often requires specific conditions such as moisture, temperature, and light.

- The independent variable in this experiment is the temperature at which the pea seeds are incubated.

- The dependent variable in this experiment is the seedling height.

- The control treatments in this experiment are the 25 degree Celsius and 10 degree Celsius temperatures.

- The experimental treatments in this experiment are the 5 degree Celsius temperature.

- The conclusion that may be drawn from this experiment is that the lower temperatures (5 degree Celsius and 10 degree Celsius) had an inhibitory effect on the growth of pea seedlings when compared to the higher temperature (25 degree Celsius).

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DNA consists of two strands with complementary pairs of nucleotides therefore each strand of DNA with its complement will be matched as the following below:

CATGGAT - GTACCTA

This is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid and it is known as the genetic material of most organisms which ensures that traits are passed from the parent to the offspring.

The nitrogenous bases are complementary such that Adenine binds Thymine and Cytosine binds with Guanine which is therefore the reason why GTACCTA was chosen as the correct choice.

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Answer:the heart delivers important nutrients throughout your body ,regulates blood and if failing to do what it is made to do can be replaced, despite being key to survival.

Explanation:

:) i know i got a little extra twards the end but i hope that helps

A healthy heart pushes out more blood with each beat, enabling it to function more efficiently. This decreases stress on the heart and surrounding arteries, potentially reducing blood pressure. If you have high blood pressure, cardiovascular exercise may help lower it.

The tissue types that form the wall of each organ in questions 7-10 and the list of the tissues in order from lumen to outer surface is given below:

The wall of the esophagus is composed of the following tissue types in order from lumen to outer surface: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and adventitia.

The wall of the small intestine (within the peritoneal cavity) is composed of the following tissue types in order from lumen to outer surface: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, serosa.

The wall of the trachea is composed of the following tissue types in order from lumen to outer surface: mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage rings, smooth muscle, adventitia.

The wall of the ureter is composed of the following tissue types in order from lumen to outer surface: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, adventitia.

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The light inside your house (lamp) does not compare to the intensity of direct sunlight outdoors. This is because there would great differences in their colors as well as wavelength.

The significance of sunlight is determined by the fact that it has the ability to boost the body's vitamin D supply; most cases of vitamin D deficiency are due to a lack of outdoor sun exposure. It is useful for plants as well in order to facilitate the process of photosynthesis.

The outdoor sunlight has high intensity as compared to the light inside the house. Due to this, outdoor light is more effective for the body to perform metabolic functions in animals and plants.

The color of the outside in the sunlight tube was orange and the indoor under a lamp tube was red. This is due to the differences in their wavelengths.

Therefore, the light inside your house (lamp) does not compare to the intensity of direct sunlight outdoors. This is because there would great differences in their colors as well as wavelength.

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Citrate can be used as an energy source by yeast B.It is an intermediate of the Kreb's cycle.

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells to generate energy in the form of ATP. It is the second stage of cellular respiration, following glycolysis. The cycle starts with the conversion of acetyl-CoA to citric acid and continues through a series of reactions that ultimately produces CO2 and ATP. The cycle also generates intermediate compounds that are used in other metabolic pathways.

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Option D. Isoleucine - alanine- proline- serine- stop, is the amino acid chain that will be produced from the mRNA.

The mRNA sequence AUACUUCCUAGUUGA is translated into a three-nucleotide codon, known as a triplet, which codes for a specific amino acid. The sequence AUACUUCCUAGUUGA is read from 5' to 3', starting with the first nucleotide and ending with the last nucleotide.

The codons are then translated into the corresponding amino acids. The codon sequence AUACUUCCUAGUUGA corresponds to the amino acid sequence isoleucine - alanine - proline - serine - stop. Isoleucine is coded for by the codon AUA.

Alanine is coded for by the codon UAC, proline is coded for by the codon UCC, and serine is coded for by the codon UAG. The codon UGA signals a stop codon, which marks the end of the polypeptide chain. Therefore, the sequence of amino acids that would be produced from the mRNA sequence AUACUUCCUAGUUGA is isoleucine - alanine- proline-serine-stop.

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If the enzymes BamHI and HindIII were employed to digest pARA-R, the plasmid would be divided in half.

Both the restriction enzymes BamHI and HindIII are present. Restrictions enzymes cut DNA at a specific base pair. The two portions are red fluorescent protein and pBAD (807 bp), and Ara-C, the ori sequence, and Amp-R (4,495 bp) in the other piece. There should be six pieces of enzymes A and B and eight pieces of enzyme C. In DNA, the BamHI recognition site, GGATCC, may be found five times. When lambda DNA is digested with HindIII, eight fragments that can be utilised as molecular weight standards for agarose gel electrophoresis are formed.

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The plasmid would be split in half if the enzymes BamHI and HindIII were used to digest pARA-R.

An isolated bacterial protein known as a restriction enzyme cleaves DNA at sequence-specific locations to create DNA fragments with a known sequence at each end. For several laboratory techniques, such as genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technologies, restriction enzymes are essential.

BamHI and HindIII, two restriction enzymes, are both present. DNA is sliced by restriction enzymes at a particular base pair. Red fluorescent protein and pBAD (807 bp) make up one of the two pieces, whereas Ara-C, the ori sequence, and Amp-R (4,495 bp) make up the other. There should be eight pieces of enzyme C and six each of enzymes A and B. The GGATCC BamHI recognition site can appear five times in DNA. Eight fragments that can be used as agarose gel electrophoresis molecular weight standards are produced when lambda DNA is digested with HindIII.

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During G 1 phase and G 2 phase the cell grows and synthesizes proteins required during its division, while in the duplication S phase, the cell generates a duplicated genetic material in order to divide it. Finally, the M or mitotic phase is required to divide the cell.

The interphase and the mitotic phase of the cell cycle are two sequential processes where the cell grows and synthesize all required material in order to progress with the cell division life cycle.

The interphase of the cell cycle may be divided into different stages including G1, S duplication phase, and G2 phase.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the interphase and the mitotic phase of the cell cycle are required to carry out the complete cell life cycle.

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The three effects that these events will have on the island’s squirrel population include the red and black squirrels will have to compete for nutrition, the food availability for red squirrels may decrease, and the food availability for gray squirrels will not be affected.

Competition for food availability in natural populations can mean the difference between life and death. The struggle to survive can lead to the evolution of new and improved survival strategies, such as aggression and cooperation.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that competition for food leads to natural selection.

Complete question:

Red squirrels and gray squirrels have been the native species on an island for many years. A few years ago, black squirrels entered this island. The black squirrel is an invasive species. Invasive species aren’t native to the ecosystem. They move into an ecosystem because of natural changes or human intervention. Red squirrels and black squirrels have identical food requirements, but gray squirrels have a different diet. What THREE effects will these events have on the island’s squirrel population?-The food availability of red squirrels may increase.

-The red and black squirrels will have to compete for nutrition.

-The food availability for gray squirrels will not be affected.

-The food availability for red squirrels may decrease.

-The food availability for gray squirrels will be affected.

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Only chemical B will accumulate if enzyme 2 is inactive.

The initial reaction's output serves as the substrate for the subsequent one in a metabolic route. The quantity of enzymatic reactions is constant throughout all biochemical pathways.

As catalysts, they expedite biological reactions, causing them to occur more quickly than they otherwise would. These processes just wouldn't take place or would go too slowly to support life without enzymes. For instance, digestion would not be possible without the presence of enzymes.

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question:-

Consider the biochemical pathway: A - E1 -> B - E2 -> C

If Enzyme 2 is inactive, which of the following compounds will accumulate?

A) A only

B) B only

C) C only

D) A and B

E) B and C

Adenosine triphosphat and this is from a 12 year old

Explanation:

Answer: ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate

Explanation: Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the primary carrier of energy in cells. The water-mediated reaction known as hydrolysis releases energy from the chemical bonds in ATP to fuel cellular processes. Every living organism consists of cells that rely on ATP for their energy needs. ATP is made by converting the food we eat into energy. It's an essential building block for all life forms.

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Answer:

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Explanation:

Magma is the molten natural material from which all the igneous rocks are formed. Volcanism is the phenomenon of magma onto the surface of the Earth.

Magma is the molten or the semi-molten natural material from which all the igneous rocks are formed. Magma is found beneath the surface of the Earth planet, and evidence of magmatism has also been discovered on the other terrestrial planets and some of the natural satellites.

Volcanism is the phenomenon of the eruption of molten rocks or magma onto the surface of the Earth or the solid-surface planet or moon, where the lava, pyro-clastics, and the volcanic gases erupt through a break in the surface which is called a vent.

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Answer:

A. The Mediterranean Sea will increase in depth.

As the African plate continues to push toward the Eurasian plate, the Mediterranean Sea is likely to increase in depth. This is because the African plate is pushing against the Eurasian plate, which is causing the Mediterranean Sea to become more deep over time. This process is known as "subduction" where the African plate is sinking beneath the Eurasian plate. As a result, the Mediterranean basin is becoming more and more deeper, and the other options B, C, D and E are not possible.

Acoelomate flatworms have far more units than their protist forebears, and their cells exhibit more specialization. They are more closely connected to cnidarians than to annelids.

An animal without a yolk sac, or formal bodily cavity, is said to be an acoelomate. Only multicellular organisms with real tissues can develop true body cavities. There are creatures including coral and jellyfish in this class, the eumetazoa, which have just two fundamental tissues.

Illustrations of an acoelomate. Acoelomates are animals that are solid outside of their digestive tracts. The order Platyhelminthes flatworms alone contains thousands of species. Examples of acoelomates with bilateral symmetry include planarians, flukes, and tapeworms.

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Answer:

Dear Sister,

I understand your desire to marry the person you love, and I know that it is tempting to elope. However, I urge you to consider waiting for your parents' blessing before taking such a big step. Here are five reasons why you should wait:

1. Your parents love you and want what is best for you. They may have reservations about your partner, and eloping could cause a rift between you and them.

2. Marrying without your parents' blessing could have legal implications, especially if they decide to contest the marriage.

3. Your parents may be able to help you financially with the wedding, and if you elope, you may miss out on this assistance.

4. Eloping could cause a lot of stress for both you and your partner. It is better to have your parents' support and blessing before taking such a big step.

5. Marriage is a lifelong commitment, and you should make sure that all of your loved ones are in agreement with your decision.

I hope that you will consider these points before making your final decision. I am here for you, no matter what you decide.

Love,

[Your Name]

Explanation:

Answer:

2) One way is that Igneous rock could erode and become sediment and deposited and slowly change into sedimentary rock, then get pushed down deep into the crust and changed by heat and pressure into metamorphic rock.

6) All the igneous rocks which are the basis of the rock cycle are formed by plate tectonics. When the igneous rocks get eroded, they turn into sedimentary rocks. The layers of sedimentary rocks are generally recycled by plate tectonics.

7) The heat from radioactive processes within the planet's interior causes the plates to move, sometimes toward and sometimes away from each other. This movement is called plate motion, or a tectonic shift.

Sphingosine is not a lipoprotein that transports nonpolar lipids through the bloodstream. Option A is the correct option.

Special particles known as lipoproteins are comprised of protein and fat droplets enclosed in a single layer of phospholipid molecules. They reach cells all across the body through the bloodstream.

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) or “good” cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) or bad cholesterol, chylomicron, and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) are examples of lipoproteins.

Sphingosine is a type of sphingolipid. It is a unit that attaches to the fatty acid via amide linkage It is an 18-carbon unsaturated alkyl-chained amino alcohol that serves as the foundation for additional sphingolipids.

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