list all the factors that affect the amount of entropy of a system and describe how each of them does so

The mass of NaCl that reacted with 12 lit of F2 at 280 K and 1.50 atm= 0.027 gm.

the mass of sodium chloride that can react with the same volume of fluorine gas at STP = 0.01 gm.

Given,

F2 + 2NaCl → Cl2 + 2NaF

PART-1:

So, from the given reaction we can say that 2 moles of NaCl is required for 1 mole of F2.

By using combined gas law,

[tex]\frac{P1V1}{n1T1} =\frac{P2V2}{n2T2}[/tex]

here , P1 =P2

and moles of NaCl is twice as pf F2

∴n2=2n1

and also T1 = T2

by simplifying the reaction we get..

[tex]\frac{V1}{n1} = \frac{V2}{2n1}[/tex]

V2= 2 × V1

∴V2 = 2 ×12

      = 24 Lit.

from ideal gas law ,

we can find the moles of NaCl,

PV= nRT

n=[tex]\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]

n= 1.5 × 24 ÷( 0.082 × 280)

∴ n= 1.57

mole = mass / molecular mass

so, molecular mass of NaCl = 58.5

∴ mass of NaCl used = 1.57/58.5

                                 = 0.027 gm

PART -2:

At, STP

T= 273 K

P = 1atm

V= 12 lit

n= ?

using ideal gas law we can determine the number of moles

PV= nRT

n = 1 ×12 ÷(0.082 × 273)

n= 0. 54

∴ mass of NaCl = 0.54 / 58.5

                         = 0.01 g

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Answer: for part 1: our equation is F2 + 2NaCI -> CI2 + 2NaF. We can solve this by using the gas law(s). The ideal gas law is PV = nRT. P = pressure V = volume n = amount of substance R = ideal gas constant and T = temperature. We know that 2 moles of NaCI is crucial for 1 mole of F2. P1=P2 and T1=T2. we multiply the 12 liters by 2. which is 24 liters. We know NaCI consists 58.44/58.5g per mole. if we divide that by n of (nRT) we find the mass. we mutiply 24 by 1.5. which is 36 the divide by 0.082 which was multiplied by 280. and u get 1.567 or 1.57. we divide that by the g of NaCI. u get 0.027.

for part 2: we STP stands for Standard Temperature and Pressure. we can also use the ideal gas law. PV = nRT. Using this knowledge we can determine the mass. T is 273k and p is 1 atm. v is 12. we multiply 0.082 and 273. 22.386. we divid that by 12. we get 0.54. then we divide the 0.54 by the g again. which is 0.01g.

Explanation:

Answer:

27.9 mL

Explanation:

To find the new volume, you need to use the Charles' Law equation:

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂

In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature.

V₁ = 105 mL                     V₂ = ? mL

T₁ = 392 °F                       T₂ = 104 °F

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂                                            <----- Charles' Law

105 mL / 392 °F = V₂ / 104 °F                     <----- Insert values

0.26785 = V₂ / 104 °F                                 <----- Simplify left side

27.9 = V₂                                                     <----- Multiply both sides by 104

If the same test, given at different points in time to the same test takers, yields different scores, then the method typically used to assess this source of error is alternate form.

An alternate form or parallel form test is a test which is conducted at different time on the same set of test takers in order to test the reliability of the results obtained.

In conclusion, alternate or parallel form tests is a test of reliability.

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In a displacement reaction, a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element from a compound. In a double displacement reaction, two atoms or a group of atoms switch places to form new compounds.

Explaination:

Displacement chemical reaction :

A displacement reaction is the one wherein the atom or a set of atoms is displaced by another atom in a molecule. For instance, when iron is added to a copper sulphate solution, it displaces the copper metal.

Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu. When zinc is added to a copper sulphate solution, it displaces the copper metal. ...

Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu.

etc.

Double Displacement Chemical Reaction :

Double displacement reactions take place mostly in aqueous solutions wherein the ions precipitate and exchange of ions takes place. For example, when a solution of barium chloride is mixed with sodium sulphate, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed rapidly. These reactions are ionic in nature.

Here are some examples of double displacement reaction: AgNO 3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO.

2NaCl + CaSO4 → Na2SO4+ CaCl.

H2SO4 + 2LiOH ⇌ Li2SO4 + 2H2O.

The chemical formula of aluminum chloride is AlCl₃ and the  chemical formula of aluminum oxide is Al₂O₃.

The chemical formula of aluminum chloride is written as;

Al³⁺  + Cl⁻   → AlCl₃

The chemical formula of aluminum oxide is written as;

Al³⁺  + O²⁻   → Al₂O₃

Thus, the chemical formula of aluminum chloride is AlCl₃ and the  chemical formula of aluminum oxide is Al₂O₃.

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The NaOH will be used What titrant  to titrate the 0. 02 m hcl phenol red solution.

Acid-base titrations may be the most typical titrations, although there are numerous more forms as well. Take a look at this illustration where sodium hydroxide is used to titrate a sample of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (NaOH). The titrant (NaOH), which is added gradually throughout the duration of the titration, has been added to the unknown solution.

Titrants are solutions with known concentrations that are added to solutions whose concentrations must be determined. The solution for whom the concentration needs to be determined is known as a titrant as well as analyte.

Therefore, the NaOH will be used as a titrant to titrate the 0. 02 m hcl phenol red solution.

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6 moles of e-  are transferred when the two half-reactions shown below are combined to generate the spontaneous reaction with the lowest possible integer coefficients

A spontaneous reaction is one that favors the creation of products under the reaction's current conditions. A bonfire that is raging and exothermic is an illustration of a spontaneous reaction (there is a decrease in the energy of the system as energy is released to the surroundings as heat)

A redox reaction's oxidation or reduction reaction component is known as a half-reaction (or half-cell reaction). By taking into account the shift in oxidation states of the many chemicals participating in the redox reaction, a half-reaction is obtained. At each electrode, there are two chemical reactions taking on in the cell. Half-reactions are what we refer to as. An oxidation reaction that releases electrons occurs at the anode.

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Answer:

only one atom of that element

Explanation:

Example:

   H2 O    has two hydrogenatoms and ONE Oxygen atom

The presence of no subscript for an element in a chemical formula means that there is a single atom of that element in the compound.

In a chemical formula, subscripts are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a compound. When an element has no subscript, it means that there is only one atom of that element in the compound.

For example, in the chemical formula H₂O, the subscript 2 indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms present. On the other hand, the absence of a subscript for oxygen means that there is only one oxygen atom in the compound.

Thus, when there is no subscript for an element in a chemical formula, it signifies that there is a single atom of that element in the compound.

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Answer:

Mass Percent of Pencils  =  7.20%

Explanation:

The mass percent can be calculated using the following equation. In this case, the "solute" is the pencil and the "solution" is the collection of pencils.

                               mass solute
Mass Percent  =  ------------------------  x 100%
                              mass solution

                                         9.540 g (pencil)
Mass Percent  =  --------------------------------------------  x 100%
                              132.456 g (pencil collection)

Mass Percent  =  7.20%

Answer:

1,69 x10²⁴

Explanation:

Answered it in the comments! ^^

The temperature of an 11.2 L sample of carbon monoxide, CO, at 744 torr is 276 K or 3°C.

Charles's law states that, "When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion".

According to the given information:

V ∝ T

V/T = K

Where,

V is the volume of the gas,

T is the temperature of the gas (measured in kelvins), and

K is a non-zero constant.

In two different states, an initial state 1 and a final state 2, the equation is,

[tex]\frac{V 1}{T 1}=\frac{V 2}{T 2}[/tex]

Given data:

V1 = 11.2L

V2 = 13.3L

T2 = 55°C = 328K

By substituting the given data,

[tex]\begin{aligned}&\frac{11.2}{T 1}=\frac{13.3 L}{328 K} \\&T 1=\frac{11.2 L / 328 K}{13.3 L}\end{aligned}[/tex]

∴T1 = 276K = 3°C

The temperature of an 11.2 L sample of carbon monoxide, CO, at 744 torr is 276 K or 3°C.

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The concentration of the solution left in the container will remain same.

The quantity of a chemical in a mixture is expressed by the substance's concentration. Concentration can be expressed in numerous ways. Chemists refer to the substance as a solute, and the substance that contains the solvent dissolves the solute is referred to as a solution.

Importance of concentration -

The calculation of concentration is done by various methods; some are given below,

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Answer:

Limiting Reagent: NaHCO₃

Amount of NaCl: 69.6 g NaCl

Mass of Excess Reagent: 56.6 g HCl

Explanation:

To find the mass of NaCl, you need to (1) convert mass reactant to moles reactant (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles reactant to moles NaCl (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (3) convert moles NaCl to mass NaCl (via molar mass).

Molar Mass (NaHCO₃):

22.990 g/mol + 1.008 g/mol + 12.011 g/mol + 3(15.998 g/mol)

Molar Mass (NaHCO₃): 84.003 g/mol

Molar Mass (HCl): 1.008 g/mol + 35.453 g/mol

Molar Mass (HCl): 36.461 g/mol

Molar Mass (NaCl): 22.990 g/mol + 35.453 g/mol

Molar Mass (NaCl): 58.443 g/mol

100 g NaHCO₃            1 mole                  1 mole NaCl             58.443 g
------------------------  x  ------------------  x  ---------------------------  x  ----------------  =
                                   84.003 g            1 mole NaHCO₃            1 mole

=  69.6 g NaCl

100 g HCl            1 mole               1 mole NaCl          58.443 g
----------------  x  ------------------  x  -----------------------  x  ----------------  =
                           36.461 g             1 mole HCl              1 mole

=  160 g NaCl

Since NaHCO₃ results in the smaller amount of product, it is the limiting reagent. In other words, it is used up before the HCl has the chance to completely react. Therefore, the actual amount of NaCl produced is 69.6 grams.

To find the mass of the excess reagent, you need to calculate the amount of HCl actually used in the reaction. Then, you need to subtract that value from the total amount of HCl.

69.6 g NaCl             1 mole                1 mole HCl             36.461 g
---------------------  x  ------------------  x  -----------------------  x  ----------------  =
                                58.443 g            1 mole NaCl             1 mole

=  43.4 g HCl

Amount Given - Amount Reacted = Mass Excess

100 g HCl - 43.4 g HCl = 56.6 g HCl

Answer: 0.309g

Explanation:

[tex]\frac{1}{2} N_{2} (g)+\frac{3}{2} H_{2} (g)[/tex]⇌[tex]NH_{3} (g)[/tex]

It curves up and levels out.

The statement describes the graph of concentration versus time for ammonia as the system approaches dynamic equilibrium: It curves up and levels out.

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As the system approches to dynamic equilibrium

It curves up and levels out.

What is Haber's Process?

Haber's process is used to produce Ammonia in industries.

In Haber's process , the Nitrogen reacts with Hydrogen and product formed is Ammonia.

N2+3H²→2NH3

The reactants which are used in this Process are :

1)Iron is used as catalyst

2) Air which supplies the nitrogen

3) Pressure is 200atm

4) Temperature used is 400-45°C .

Ammonia is used for :

*Agriculture uses as Fertilizer

* In Refrigeration

* Used in production of medicine

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The Empirical formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁. The Molecular Formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁.

Empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in given compound.

[tex]\text{Mass of C} = 0.2829\ g\ CO_2 \times \frac{12\ g\ C}{44\ g\ CO_2}[/tex]

                = 0.07720 g C

[tex]\text{Mass of H} = 0.1159\ g\ H_2O \times \frac{2\ g\ H}{18\ g\ H_2O}[/tex]

                = 0.01297 g H

Mass of O = Mass of methanol - mass of C - mass of O

                 = 0.1005 g - 0.07720 g - 0.01297 g

                 = 0.01033 g

Element    Mass/g         Moles              Ratio      Integers

C                0.07720       0.006428        9.956      10

H                0.01297        0.01287            19.93      20

O                0.01033        0.0006456       1              1              

The Empirical formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁.

Molecular formula = Empirical formula × n

[tex]n = \frac{\text{Molar Mass}}{\text{Empirical formula weight}}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{156}{156}[/tex]

  = 1

Molecular formula = n × Empirical formula

                               = 1 (C₁₀H₂₀O₁)

                               = C₁₀H₂₀O₁

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The Empirical formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁. The Molecular Formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁.

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Answer:

Answer:122 g/ mol

Answer:122 g/ molExplanation:

Answer:122 g/ molExplanation:first must find the molar mass of each element in the compound

Answer:122 g/ molExplanation:first must find the molar mass of each element in the compoundNa= 23×2 =46 g/mol

Answer:122 g/ molExplanation:first must find the molar mass of each element in the compoundNa= 23×2 =46 g/molSi= 28 g/mol

Answer:122 g/ molExplanation:first must find the molar mass of each element in the compoundNa= 23×2 =46 g/molSi= 28 g/molO= 16× 3 = 48 g/ mol

Answer:122 g/ molExplanation:first must find the molar mass of each element in the compoundNa= 23×2 =46 g/molSi= 28 g/molO= 16× 3 = 48 g/ molhence , summation of the molar masses

Answer:122 g/ molExplanation:first must find the molar mass of each element in the compoundNa= 23×2 =46 g/molSi= 28 g/molO= 16× 3 = 48 g/ molhence , summation of the molar masses46+28+48 = 122g/mol

The molecular weight of [tex]\rm Na_2SiO_3[/tex] (sodium silicate) is approximately 122.07 g/mol.

To calculate the molecular weight of [tex]\rm Na_2SiO_3[/tex] (sodium silicate), we need to add the atomic weights of each individual element in the compound.

The atomic weights are as follows:

- Sodium (Na) = 22.99 g/mol

- Silicon (Si) = 28.09 g/mol

- Oxygen (O) = 16.00 g/mol

Now, multiply the atomic weights by the number of atoms in the compound:

- Sodium (Na) = 2 atoms * 22.99 g/mol = 45.98 g/mol

- Silicon (Si) = 1 atom * 28.09 g/mol = 28.09 g/mol

- Oxygen (O) = 3 atoms * 16.00 g/mol = 48.00 g/mol

Finally, add up all the atomic weights:

[tex]\rm \[Molecular \, weight \, of \, Na2SiO3 = 45.98 g/mol + 28.09 g/mol + 48.00 g/mol \\= 122.07 g/mol\][/tex]

So, the molecular weight of [tex]\rm Na_2SiO_3[/tex] (sodium silicate) is approximately 122.07 g/mol.

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The relationship between the providers and the customer, where the providers keep the promises made to the customer, is also known as a service-level agreement.

A service-level agreement (SLA) outlines the degree of service that a client expects from a supplier, the metrics used to measure that performance, and any penalties that may be imposed if the agreed-upon service standards are not fulfilled.

A service level agreement (SLA) is a straightforward contract between a service provider and their client (internal or external), outlining the services to be provided, the level of responsiveness to be anticipated, and the performance metrics to be used.

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) has been adopted by the Information Technology Department to direct its project management. Our SLA's objectives are. to enhance management effectiveness

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A. The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at sea level is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest.

Partial pressure is the pressure exerted by a component of mixture of gases.

The depth (distance from top to bottom) of the atmosphere is greatest at sea level and decreases at higher altitudes.

With greater depth of the atmosphere, more air is pressing down from above.

Air pressure is greatest at sea level and falls with increasing altitude.

Thus, the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at sea level is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest.

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A coupled reaction is a pair of reactions occurring together in which the energy released by one reaction is used in bond formation in the second reaction. For example, glycolysis and pyruvate processing form a coupled reaction.

Chemical reactions that involve a common intermediate and the transfer of energy from one side to the other are referred to as coupled reactions. An illustration is the endergonic process of ATP synthesis, which is connected to proton gradient dissipation.

High-energy phosphate bonds are broken during the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule, which releases a lot of energy into the exergonic form. The coupled reaction is crucial in the transformation of this energy into an endergonic state. Coupled reactions are those that occur when two separate reactions are driven by the free energy released during the first reaction.  




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Answer:

Explanation:

The best way to change Celsius to Fahrenheit is to times it by 1.8 then plus 32

The correct balanced equation for the dissociation of calcium chloride is [tex]CaCl_2 (s) --- > Ca^{2+} (aq) + 2Cl^- (aq)[/tex]. Option D.

Dissociation in chemistry refers to the process whereby a compound reversibly breaks down to its constituent elements (usually in ion forms) within a solution.

The constituent elements in calcium chloride are calcium and chlorine. Calcium ion is written as [tex]Ca^2^+[/tex] while chlorine ion is written as [tex]Cl^-[/tex]. Calcium chloride itself is written as [tex]CaCl_2[/tex].

Thus, the equation of dissociation of calcium chloride in water can be summarized as:

[tex]CaCl_2 (s) --- > Ca^{2+} (aq) + 2Cl^- (aq)[/tex]

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The population that experienced the highest radioactivity from chernobyl in norway were "a small community of reindeer herders called the Saami".

Typically, the term "population" denotes the total quantity of people living in a particular area, be it a city or town, region, country, continent, or even the entire world.

The native reindeer herders of Scandinavia could be known as the Sámi. These breathtaking images capture a herd during its yearly journey through summer pastures as well as wintering areas.

Therefore, the population that experienced the highest radioactivity from chernobyl in norway were "a small community of reindeer herders called the Saami".

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The labels required by the Department of Transportation (DOT) must be placed on outside containers when chemicals are being shipped.

These labels may look similar to GHS pictograms and categorize hazardous chemicals into nine different categories.

OSHA recently revised the Hazard Communication Standard, and as part of that modification, new standards for labeling dangerous chemicals were established.

As a result, workers will have better information available on the safe handling and use of hazardous chemicals, thereby allowing them to avoid injuries and illnesses related to exposures to hazardous chemicals.

These modifications will aid in ensuring higher standards and uniformity in the categorization and labeling of all substances.

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Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Everything else about them is the same.(If you want more explanation tell me).

A student determines the mass of a 100 mL beaker filled with 50 mL of water to be 154.34 grams. After a tablet reacts with the water, the mass including the dissolved tablet is 157.26 grams. 438 grams tablet was left in the beaker after the reaction.

Stoichiometry helps us use the balanced chemical equation to measure quantitative relationships and it is to calculate the amounts of products and reactants that are given in a reaction.

The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.

Now we have to write the balanced chemical equation

NaHCO₃ + H₂O → NaOH + H₂CO₃

Mass = 157.26 - 154.32

         = 2.92

Volume = 100 + 50 ml

             = 150 ml

Mass of tablet = 2.92 × 150

                        = 438 grams  

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A student determines the mass of a 100 mL beaker filled with 50 mL of water to be 154.34 grams. After a tablet reacts with the water, the mass including the dissolved tablet is 157.26 grams. 438 grams tablet was left in the beaker after the reaction.

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The temperature of an 11.2 L sample of carbon monoxide, CO, at 744 torr is 276 K or 3°C.

What is Charles's law?

Charles's law states that, "When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion".

V ∝ T

[tex]\frac{V}{T}=K[/tex]

Where,

V is the volume of the gas,

T is the temperature of the gas (measured in kelvins), and

K is a non-zero constant.

In two different states, an initial state 1 and a final state 2, the equation is,

[tex]\frac{V1}{T1}=\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]

Given data:

V1 = 11.2L

V2 = 13.3L

T2 = 55°C = 328K

By substituting the given data,

[tex]\frac{11.2}{T1}=\frac{13.3L}{328K}[/tex]

[tex]T1=\frac{11.2L/328K}{13.3L}[/tex]

∴T1 = 276K = 3°C

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To obtain the desired solution:

450 mL of 85% alcohol solution is needed to obtain the desired solution.  

Calculation:

Let x be the amount of the 85% alcohol required

The volume of the resulting 70% alcohol solution will then be = x + 135 ml

135 mL of the 20% alcohol solution contains the amount of "pure" alcohol is =  0.20×135 mL.

The 85% alcohol solution contains x mL of "pure" alcohol = 0.85× x mL.

The total amount of the "pure" alcohol is the sum

=  0.20×135 + 0.85× x mL.

It should be equal to the amount of the "pure" alcohol in the mixture, which is = 0.70× (x+135) ml.

So, your "pure alcohol" equation is,  

=  0.85× x + 0.20×135 = 0.70× (x+135)

Simplify and solve it for x:

0.85x + 0.20×135 = 0.70x + 0.70×135,

0.85x - 0.70x = 0.70×135 - 0.20×135,

0.15x = 67.5

x = 67.5/0.15

= 450mL.

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