lichens are symbiotic associated of a fungus with an ala
What do lichens and fungus share?Lichens are frequently understood to be symbiotic associations between a fungus and a partner that contains chlorophyll, such as green algae, cyanobacteria, or both. The partner, which supplies photosynthetically fixed carbon as the system's energy source, has a suitable environment provided by the fungus.
Lichens are a type of symbiotic connection between fungus and algae. The algae undergoes photosynthesis and gives the fungi sustenance in the form of sugars, while the fungi give the algae water and minerals.
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What criterion does the biological species concept use to identify species?
a) Reproductive isolation
b) Forming an independent twig on a phylogenetic tree
c) Morphological distinctiveness
d) Geographic isolation
The appropriate choice is option a. The remedy is reproductive seclusion. When two biological populations are unable to interbreed because of reproductive incompatibility, reproductive isolation—a sort of biological isolation—occurs.
Physical impediments, disparities in courtship customs, or incompatibilities in gamete composition are only a few of the causes of this. Hybridization is avoided by reproductive isolation, which protects the integrity of the species and can result in speciation. Diverse techniques are used in reproductive isolation to stop cross-breeding between two species. These techniques include ecological isolation, isolation prior to mating, and isolation following mating. Pre-mating isolation refers to differences in courtship and marrying behavior that prohibit two species from mating. Post-mating isolation includes the creation of sterile hybrids or other impediments to fertile reproduction.
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the thalamus is sometimes called the gateway to the cortex because its primary function is to
it is responsible for sending sensory information to the cortex, the thalamus is sometimes referred to as the "gateway to the cortex."
What function does the thalamus serve best?Your body's information relay system is located in your thalamus. Before being transmitted to the cerebral cortex of your brain for interpretation, all information from your body's senses (apart from smell) must first be processed through your thalamus. Additionally, the thalamus affects consciousness, learning, memory, alertness, and sleep.
Does the thalamus act as the entrance to the neocortex?Development and introduction: The thalamus serves as the neocortex's entrance point. Thalamocortical fibers carry the majority of the data that travels to the neocortex. Through corticothalamic fibers, the neocortex in turn gives the thalamus a significant amount of feedback.
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Before traveling to the rest of the body, all absorbed nutrients or toxins must pass through the ______. A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Gall Bladder D. Colon.
A. Liver. All ingested substances, whether nutrients or poisons, must travel through the liver before reaching any rest of the body.
Does the stomach serve as the initial site of nutrition absorption?Numerous nutrients begin to be absorbed in the stomach.The largest gland in the body is the liver.The duodenum receives both bile and pancreatic juice as secretions.The duodenum, the small intestine's longest portion, is where it all starts.
When nutrients are ingested, where do they go first?Nutrients are transported to the liver by the blood stream after being absorbed by the intestine.All of the vitamins, nutrients, medications, and other substances that we consume and absorb every day must be processed by the liver.
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The energy to power the Calvin cycle comes from:
a. cellular respiration.
b. oxygen.
c. the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Correct answer is option C
The energy to power the Calvin cycle comes from the light reactions of photosynthesis.
The light reactions are the initial process of photosynthesis and use light energy from the sun to generate energy-rich molecules like ATP and NADPH. These molecules are then used in the Calvin cycle to convert CO2 into organic compounds like glucose.
The Calvin cycle, also known as the dark reactions or the light-independent reactions, is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms.
It is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into sugar molecules that can be used for energy. These energy-rich molecules are then used in the Calvin cycle to drive the synthesis of sugar molecules.
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the temperature of the blood is ______ body temperature when measured orally or rectally.
The temperature of the blood is higher than 1c of body temperature when measured orally or rectally.
It is generally agreed that the normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37°C). According to some research, the "normal" range for body temperature is between 97°F (36.1°C) and 99°F (37.2°C). The majority of the time, a fever brought on by an infection or disease is indicated by a body temperature exceeding 100.4°F (38°C).
Thermoregulation keeps the body at the ideal body temperature. body Temperature regulation involves the blood. It transfers heat from the body's core to the exterior and vice versa.
The recommended range for blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg. When the blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher, it is deemed to be high. Below 90/60 mmHg is regarded as low blood pressure.
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what are the major categories of freshwater ecosystems
Rivers and streams, ponds and lakes and freshwater wetlands are the three basic divisions of freshwater ecosystems.In mountains or hills, subsurface water sources are frequently the source of rivers, streams, creeks, & brooks.
Which two types of freshwater are there?The lentic environment and the lotic ecosystem are the two main subtypes of freshwater ecosystems.Ponds, marshes, ditches, lakes, and swamps make up lentic ecosystems, which have still water.
What three types of ecosystems are there?Based on their overall environments, ecosystems can be divided into three basic categories: freshwater, marine, & terrestrial.Individual ’s level types based on the habitat or creatures present can be found within these three categories.
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Select all inheritance patterns in which 50% of the functional protein is sufficient to produce a wild-type phenotype:1) Simple Mendelian dominant alleles2) An X-linked dominant allele in a heterozygous female3) Haploinsufficient genes4) Incomplete dominance
The inheritance patterns of haploinsufficient genes and X-linked dominant alleles are those in which 50% of the functional protein is sufficient to produce a phenotype that resembles that of a wild-type person.
Genes with haploinsufficient function With just one functional allele, these genes enable the development of a wild-type phenotype. This is true because only one functioning allele is needed to produce an abundance of functional proteins that can perform all of the predicted cellular functions for the protein.
In this inheritance pattern, the wild-type phenotype of the heterozygous female is caused by the presence of a dominant allele on the X chromosome. Given that females have two X chromosomes, it is sufficient for one functioning allele on one of them to produce enough functional protein to produce a wild-type phenotype.
Unlike Simple Mendelian dominant alleles and incomplete dominance, which both functional copies of the allele must exist for a phenotype to resemble the wild type, these inheritance patterns are not Simple Mendelian dominant alleles or incomplete dominance.
The dominant phenotype will be present in an individual with a single dominant allele in a straightforward Mendelian dominant allele. When there is partial dominance, neither allele is completely dominant, the phenotypes of the two alleles are merged.
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which scientist first observed microorganisms with his homemade microscope?
The first person to see microbes was a scientist named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, who worked with Robert Hooke.
What was the unintended finding of Anton van Leeuwenhoek?The single-celled organisms, which Van Leeuwenhoek found and named "animalcules," are known as "protozoa." Additionally, he built the framework for microbiology and improved the microscope. He was the first microbiologist to examine spermatozoa, bacteria, muscle fibers, and capillary blood flow, according to numerous sources.
What are the names of the three major pioneers of microbiology?In addition to Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur is regarded as one of the three main pioneers of bacteriology and is known as the "father of microbiology."
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biologists often use the term energy source as a synonym for electron donor. (T/F)
The transfer of electrons is a crucial part of energy creation in many biological systems, biologists frequently use the phrase "energy source" as a synonym for electron donor is true.
Energy is often produced in biological systems through a sequence of chemical events known as cellular respiration. As a result of the exchange of electrons between the molecules, energy that powers cellular functions is produced. Both the molecule that contributes electrons and the molecule that accepts them are referred to as the electron donor and the electron acceptor, respectively.
Biologists frequently refer to the electron donor as a "energy source" since electron transfer is the main way that energy is produced in these systems. For instance, in photosynthesis, the electron donor (often water) serves as the energy source and provides its electrons to the photosynthetic electron transport chain, which in turn produces energy for the synthesis of ATP and the reduction of carbon dioxide to make organic molecules.
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HELP PLEASE NOW
a) Birds can be blue, white, or white with blue-tipped feathers.
b) Flowers can be white, pink, or red.
c) A Sneech can be tall, medium, or short.
d) A Bleexo can be spotted, black, or white.
Which of the letters above represent codominant traits and which show incomplete dominance?
Birds can be blue, white, or white with blue-tipped feathers represents codominance. Flowers can be white, pink, or red as well as A Sneech can be tall, medium, or short represents incomplete dominance.
What are incomplete dominance and codominance?
Two other types of genetic inheritance are codominance and incomplete dominance. It basically means that no allele can prevent or stifle the production of the other allele through codominance. Incomplete dominance, on the other hand, occurs when a dominant gene does not entirely block the effects of a recessive allele.
In terms of genetics, codominance is a sort of inheritance in which two distinct expressions (alleles) of the same gene result in distinct features in a person. When neither trait is truly dominant over the other, incomplete dominance results. This implies that both features may manifest in the same areas, combining two distinct phenotypes.
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Specialized lymphatic capillaries that project into the small intestines are called:
a. Chyle.
b. Lacteals.
c. Lymphatic Trunks.
d. Collecting Vessels.
Option B. Lacteals. Specialized lymphatic capillaries that project into the small intestines are called lacteals.
Lacteals are an important component of the lymphatic system, which helps to maintain fluid balance and immune function in the body. Lacteals are responsible for the absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine. When fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed by the intestinal epithelial cells, they are reassembled into small intestines and packaged into lipoprotein droplets called chylomicrons. These chylomicrons then enter the lacteals and are transported through the lymphatic system to the bloodstream, where they can be delivered to cells throughout the body. Because lacteals are part of the lymphatic system, they also play a role in immune function by transporting immune cells and antigens from the small intestines to other parts of the body, where they can initiate an immune response if necessary.
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what is/are composed of minerals and salts and can affect any part of the urinary tract?
Hard deposits consisting of minerals and salts that develop inside your kidneys are known as kidney stones (also known as renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis).
Where do your kidneys hurt?You get soreness in the area around your kidneys: near to the center of your back, on either sides of your spine, just below your ribs. Your kidneys are inside the urinary tract.
How can you determine whether your kidneys are unhealthy?If you find yourself having to urinate more often, especially at night, it can be a sign of renal disease. In cases where the kidneys filters are damaged, the urge to urinate could become more urgent.
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What are the reactants or raw materials of photosynthesis?oxygen and watercarbon dioxide and watercarbon dioxide and sugarsoxygen and sugars
The reactants or raw materials of photosynthesis are : carbon dioxide and water.
What are the raw materials of photosynthesis?The reactants or raw materials of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water. During photosynthesis, plants and other photosynthetic organisms use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This can be summarized by the chemical equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (from sunlight) → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
Water and carbon dioxide enter the cells of the leaf and oxygen, which is a by-product of photosynthesis and water vapor exit the leaf. In most of the land plants, water enters the roots and is transported up to the leaves through specialized cells that are known as xylem.
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What tire life span separates the upper 30% of the life spans from the lower 70% of the life spans?.
The tire life span that separates the upper 30% of the life spans from the lower 70% is approximately 55,240 miles.
To find the tire life span that separates the upper 30% of the life spans from the lower 70%, we need to use the concept of percentiles. Percentiles are used to divide a dataset into equal portions based on the percentage of values below them.
Assuming we have a dataset of tire life spans, we need to find the value at the 70th percentile, which separates the lower 70% of the tire life spans from the upper 30%.
Let's say the tire life spans are normally distributed with a mean of 50,000 miles and a standard deviation of 10,000 miles. Using a standard normal distribution table or calculator, we can find that the z-score corresponding to the 70th percentile is approximately 0.524.
To find the tire life span that corresponds to this z-score, we can use the formula:
tire life span = mean + (z-score) x standard deviation
Substituting the values, we get:
tire life span = 50,000 + (0.524)(10,000) = 55,240 miles
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Drag each tile to the correct location on the chart.
Determine whether the characteristics describe DNA replication in prokaryotes only, eukaryotes only, or both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
DNA is synthesized
Replication occurs
DNA polymerase
There is one origin
in
5' to 3' direction.
in the cytoplasm.
synthesizes the new
of replication.
DNA strand.
Replication occurs
There are multiple
in the nucleus.
origins of replication.
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Both
The phenomena that are found in prokaryotes are, one origin of replication, occurs in the cytoplasm, while in eukaryotes there are multiple origins ,and occurs in the nucleus but in both phenomenons are seen such as DNA is synthesized, Replication , DNA polymerase, replication occurs in the 5' to 3'.
What is DNA replication?DNA replication is a process in which the parent double strand DNA of the cell separates and makes the single-stranded DNA, based upon which the new DNA is synthesized, and for this many enzymes are required, like DNA polymerase, the new strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.
Hence, phenomena that are found in prokaryotes are, one origin of replication, which occurs in the cytoplasm; in eukaryotes, there are multiple origins, which occur in the nucleus; but in both cases, phenomena are seen, such as DNA is synthesized, Replication , DNA polymerase, replication occurs in the 5' to 3'.
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The question is incomplete, complete question is below
Drag each tile to the correct location on the chart.
Determine whether the characteristics describe DNA replication
in prokaryotes only,
eukaryotes only,
or both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
DNA is synthesized
Replication occurs in the cytoplasm.
DNA polymerase
There is one origin
in 5' to 3' direction.
synthesizes the new of replication.
DNA strand.
Replication occurs in the nucleus.
There are multiple origins of replication.
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involveO The export of macromolecules.O invagination of the plasma membrane.O the intake of large particles.O the intake of specific fluids by the cell.O the presence of receptor proteins.
Answer:
invagination of the plasma membrane is the answer.
Explanation:
Explain variation and why it is important within a population or species.
Variation refers to the differences or variations that exist within a population or species.
This variation can be in physical traits, such as height, skin color, or eye color, or in behavioral traits, such as mating behavior or feeding behavior.
Variation is important within a population or species because it allows for adaptation to changing environments. Natural selection acts on this variation, allowing individuals with advantageous traits to survive and reproduce. Over time, this can lead to the development of new species or the adaptation of existing species to new environments.
Additionally, variation within a population provides genetic diversity, which is important for the long-term survival of a species. Genetic diversity ensures that a population is not vulnerable to diseases, predators, or other environmental pressures that could affect the entire population. Without variation, a population would be more susceptible to extinction.
Therefore, understanding and studying variation within a population or species is important for understanding the evolutionary processes that have shaped life on Earth and for conserving biodiversity.
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what are primary air pollutants?
Answer:
Explanation:
Primary air pollutants are pollutants that are emitted directly into the atmosphere from a specific source, such as a car or factory. Examples of primary air pollutants include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds. These pollutants can have negative impacts on human health, the environment, and climate.
what is the definition of anaerobic in biology ?
Anaerobic in biology is defined as a type of respiration that does not require oxygen. It is a form of metabolism that occurs in some bacteria and other organisms and produces energy without the use of oxygen.
It can also be refer to any metabolic process that occurs without the use of oxygen. This can include cellular respiration in certain types of cells, such as muscle cells, or in certain types of bacteria. Anaerobic processes typically produce less energy than aerobic processes, which do use oxygen. However, they are important for the survival of certain types of organisms, such as those that live in oxygen-poor environments. Anaerobic processes are also important for the production of certain types of products, such as alcohol and yogurt.
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What is a neutron?????
Answer:
It is a particle with the same mass of a proton except it has a charge and is present in all atomic nuclei, although it is absent from hydrogen
Consider the following situations, and determine when a simple stain could be used instead of a Gram stain.
a.) An unknown species of bacteria is being characterized and identified.
b.) A wound specimen is being examined.
c.) A microbiologist is trying to determine whether a specimen contains bacteria or fungi.
d.) A specimen is suspected to contain multiple species of bacteria
The correct option is ;D A specimen is suspected to contain multiple species of bacteria .
In contrast to the simple stain, which utilizes only one dye, the Gram stain is a differential stain. Bacteria will turn purple/blue or pink during the operation due to the employment of two dyes, making this a differential stain.
Gram stain is not employed on acid-fast bacteria because their cell surface is very waxy and hydrophobic, making Gram staining difficult to penetrate. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an example of an acid-fast bacteria. Simple staining can be used on all sorts of bacterial cells to provide contrast to the otherwise colorless cell, allowing cell shape, size, and cell grouping to be determined. This procedure is straightforward because just one dye is required, and it stains the real cell.
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3. The bodies of verteb 4. Vertebrates can be s. Other vertebrates the eagles, 6. Vertebrates in different ways: walking, jumping, crawling, climbing, running and flying 7. Vertebrates can be classified into five groups: fish, r C. Read and complete the text. Invertebrates lay eggs, so they are arthropods. and terrestrial They can be classified into groups: sponges, jellyfish, corals, worms, mollusks, echinoderms and and corals are have gelatinous bodies with stingers. Corals are marine invertebrates called ground. They can be aquatic or are aquatic and porous. We can use them in the Jellyfish animals. This means that they live in the sea. Jellyfish which have small, venomous An example of a mollusk is a s like mussels, but others like octopus, do not. Echinoderms are aquatic and have and the that produce limestone residue. have soft, long bodies which they drag on the Some mollusks have and myriapods have more than Examples are the 80% of all arthropods. They can be classified according to the number of have. Insects have legs; arachnids have birds crustaceans have legs. on earth are
Vertebrates are organisms with an interior backbone whereas invertebrates are animals without a backbone.
What are vertebrates and invertebrates?Organisms with an interior backbone, also known as a vertebra, are referred to as vertebrates. They have a robust bone skeleton that anchors muscle and maintains the body's tissue. Vertebrates include all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, animals, including humans, and birds.
Invertebrates are defined as animals without a backbone.
Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Arthropoda are among the most well-known animal groups.
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Which of the following is correctly matched with its tissue system?A. cortex/dermal tissue systemB. cuticle/vascular tissue systemC. phloem/dermal tissue systemD.stele/vascular tissue system
system of stele and vessels. Procambrium-derived tissues can be found in the middle of the stem or root. The ground tissues and vascular tissues are included in this.
Which one is a system of tissues?The epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue are the three major tissue systems used to classify tissues in plant anatomy. Cells that make up the epidermis are those that line the outside of immature plant bodies and leaves. Vascular tissue: The xylem and phloem make up the majority of vascular tissue.
What constitutes the dermal tissue system's primary tissue?All plant organs have an epidermal layer made of primary dermal tissues (e.g., stems, roots, leaves, flowers). They aid in preventing excessive water loss and insect and microbial infestation. vascular system are of two kinds: water-transporting xylem and food-transporting phloem.
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Ecosystems include food webs that show interactions between organisms you may already be familiar with, such as predator and prey relationships. But ecosystems have many more relationships beyond predator-prey. What do you think these could be? can you think of some examples?.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms that interact with each other and with its physical environment. Within a community, there are many different types of interactions between species.
Some of the most common ecological interactions between species include mutualism, commensalism, competition and parasitism.Mutualism is a type of interaction between species in which both species are benefited from the interaction.An example of mutualism is the interaction between digestive human bacteria (microflora) and humans.Commensalism is a type of interaction between species in which one of the species is benefited from the interaction and the other is unaffected.An example of commensalism is the remora fish that rides attached to sharks.Competition is a type of interaction between species in which both species are affected by such interaction.An example of competition is the interaction between lions and hyenas that compete for territory and food.Parasitism is a type of interaction between species in which one of the species is benefited from the interaction and the other is negatively affected.An example of parasitism is the interaction between mosquitoes (i.e., the parasite) and humans (i.e., the host)In conclusion, within an ecosystem, there are many different types of interactions between species such as, among others, mutualism, commensalism, competition and parasitism.Learn more in: Ecosystems
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What Is wound drainage types ?
Answer:
Serous, Serosanguineous, sanguineous, purulent
Explanation:
Drainage can be (1) serous (clear and thin; may be present in a healthy, healing wound),
(2) serosanguineous (containing blood; may also be present in a healthy, healing wound),
(3) sanguineous (primarily blood),
(4) purulent (thick, white, and pus-like; may be indicative of infection and should be cultured)
What happens to the growth of fungi when exposed to high temperatures?
In general, fungi are adapted to grow within a specific temperature range, and exposure to temperatures outside of this range can slow or even stop their growth.
What is fungi?The growth of fungi can be affected by exposure to high temperatures, depending on the specific species and conditions involved. In general, fungi are adapted to grow within a specific temperature range, and exposure to temperatures outside of this range can slow or even stop their growth. Some fungi can tolerate high temperatures, and some even require high temperatures for optimal growth. However, most fungi have an upper temperature limit beyond which growth is inhibited or completely halted. At high temperatures, the enzymes and other proteins that fungi use to carry out their metabolic processes can denature or become damaged, disrupting their ability to grow and reproduce.
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What is the engineering problem you are trying to solve during this project?
The engineering problem we are trying to solve during this project is to develop an efficient and reliable system to monitor the environment and alert users in the event of any changes in the environment.
What is environment ?Environment is the natural world and all the living and nonliving things that exist in it. It includes plants, animals, air, water, soil, sunlight, rocks, and natural resources. The environment provides us with the basic necessities of life such as food, shelter, and clothing. Humans have a responsibility to protect the environment and work together to ensure that it remains healthy and sustainable. This responsibility includes reducing, reusing, and recycling materials, conserving energy and water, and educating others about environmental issues.
This includes changes in air quality, temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc. that may be indicative of a hazardous event. By monitoring the environment, we can help prevent or mitigate the effects of any hazardous events that may occur.
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Pilihan gandaQ. Dark moths began to outnumber white moths in cities after the Industrial Revolution. What is the most likely reason for this change?Pilihan jawabanLight-colored moths mutated into dark colored moths.Light-colored moths began to die due to overpopulation.Light-colored moths were less favored for survival in the new environment.Light-colored moths began to turn black because of factory pollution.
Option 3 is Correct. After the Industrial held a Revolution, dark moths started to outnumber white moths in urban areas. The most likely explanation for this change is that light-colored moths were less likely to survive in the new habitat.
Dark-colored moths survived because predators were unable to see them in the smoke. As a result, there were more moths with dark colors due to natural selection. This demonstrates that in a mixed population, those who are more adaptable survive and multiply.
Eggs from light moths became light moths, whereas eggs from dark moths became dark adults. A mutation in one moth's DNA resulted in the dark color, and the mutant gene was passed on to all of the moth's progeny.
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Correct Question:
Dark moths began to outnumber white moths in cities after the Industrial Revolution. What is the most likely reason for this change?
1. Light-colored moths mutated into dark colored moths.
2. Light-colored moths began to die due to overpopulation.
3. Light-colored moths were less favored for survival in the new environment.
4. Light-colored moths began to turn black because of factory pollution.
Suppose you're analyzing a newly discovered unicellular organism to determine whether it should be classified as a prokaryote or eukaryote. How should you approach it?
Determine whether the organism uses cytoskeletal proteins to provide structure within its cell.
What is the deficiency of protein?And over time, a lack of protein can make you lose muscle mass, which in turn cuts your strength, makes it harder to keep your balance, and slows your metabolism. It can also lead to anemia, when your cells don't get enough oxygen, which makes you tired.
What are the functions of protein?Protein has many roles in your body. It helps repair and build your body's tissues, allows metabolic reactions to take place and coordinates bodily functions. In addition to providing your body with a structural framework, proteins also maintain proper pH and fluid balance.
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Which layer of skin is composed of stratified squamous epithelium?
The layer of skin that composed of stratified squamous epithelium is epidermal layer.
Squamous epithelium that has been stratified and keratinized makes up the epidermis. Depending on where in the body it is located, it is composed of four or five layers of epithelial cells. There are no blood vessels inside of it (i.e., it is avascular).
"Thin skin" is defined as skin with four layers of cells. These layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum, and they are arranged from deep to surface. Skin that is thin in the majority can be described as such.
Only the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet have "thick skin." Between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum, it has a fifth layer termed the stratum lucidum.
Your question is incomplete but this is the general answer
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