The amounts shown as liabilities on the balance sheet of Cooper, Inc., at December 31, based on the given information, are:
a. $120,000
b. 0
c. $2,200
d. $60,000
e. 0
To determine the amount shown as a liability on the balance sheet of Cooper, Inc., at December 31 for each of the given situations, we can go through the transactions one by one:
a. Cooper has accounts payable of $120,000 for merchandise included in the year-end inventory.
Amount shown as a liability: $120,000
b. Cooper agreed to purchase a $30,000 drill press in the following January.
The purchase agreement is made in the following year, so there is no liability recorded at December 31.
Amount shown as a liability: 0
c. During November and December of the current year, Cooper sold products to a firm and guaranteed them against product failure for 90 days. Estimated costs of honoring this provision next year are $2,200.
The estimated costs of honoring the provision next year are recorded as a liability.
Amount shown as a liability: $2,200
d. On December 15, Cooper declared a $60,000 cash dividend payable on January 15 of the following year to shareholders of record on December 31.
The dividend declaration creates a liability for the company at December 31.
Amount shown as a liability: $60,000
e. Cooper provides a profit-sharing bonus for its executives equal to five percent of the reported before-tax income for the current year. The estimated before-tax income for the current year is $800,000.
The profit-sharing bonus is contingent on the reported before-tax income and is not recorded as a liability until it is earned and declared.
Amount shown as a liability: 0
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How does the federal fund rate affect consumers?
The federal funds rate is a target interest rate set by the Federal Reserve that influences the cost of borrowing for consumers.
When the federal funds rate rises, it means the cost of borrowing has increased and becomes more expensive for consumers.
This could mean that consumers will be charged higher interest rates when they take out loans, meaning greater financial burden in repayment. Conversely, when the federal funds rate is lowered, it can help consumers by making credit more accessible, allowing consumers to borrow at lower interest rates and save money.
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Do quaternary consumers eat secondary consumers?
The difference between quaternary and tertiary consumers is the kind of customers that each eats. Secondary consumers eats quaternary consumers, tertiary consumers are eaten by secondary consumers.
Who are quaternary consumers feeding?In many cases, the top predators in their habitats are quaternary consumers, who hunt on and then eat tertiary consumers. Primarily consuming tertiary and secondary consumers, these animals primarily hunt on or consume species that are higher up in the food chain than they are. In an ecology without other predators, quaternary consumers serve as the apex predator. They have the power to control population density at lower trophic levels since they are at the top of the food chain. Both the primary and secondary consumers as well as the tertiary consumers may be wholly carnivorous or even omnivorous, and they may all consume one another.
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Comprehensive income would not include
A discontinued operations.
B. extraordinary gains and losses.
C. dividends declared.
D. unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities.
Option C is correct. Comprehensive income would not include dividends declared.
What Is Comprehensive Income?Comprehensive income refers to the variation in a company's net assets from non-owner sources during a specific time frame. Comprehensive income includes both net income and unrealized income, including gains or losses on derivatives and financial instruments used as hedges as well as unrealized profits or losses on profits or losses on foreign exchange transactions. It provides a thorough picture of a company's profits that the income statement is unable to adequately communicate.
What does the comprehensive income include?Unrealized gains or losses on financial instruments used as hedges or derivatives as well as gains or losses from currency exchange transactions are included in comprehensive income together with net income. It offers a comprehensive understanding of a company's income that the income statement does not entirely reflect.
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What is the difficulty level of the exercise or work demand?
Difficulty refers to the level of skill and technique called for in a class. Intensity refers to the difficulty of a particular exercise while time refers to the length of time the exercise is performed.
What is difficult level of work?Usually, managing the work itself is the easiest.
No matter how complicated the financial model or how challenging the coding, unless you've taken on something that's completely beyond your capacity, you usually manage to solve it.
Managing the team members we work with is the next level of challenge.
This entails controlling expectations from superiors, coworkers, clients, and the like. It's always difficult because it necessitates understanding that each person has a unique style.
Managing yourself is the most challenging of them all. It is basically over if we can't get things done or control our behaviour.
This is the hardest because it directly affects the starting levels. Mid-level can be very challenging if we lack the necessary self-awareness or tolerance to deal with people.
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An important part of creating a market-product grid is to
Answer:
An important part of creating a market-product grid is to identify key customer segments. This involves researching who the target customers are, what their needs and wants are, and how the product or service can meet those needs. It also involves analyzing the market and understanding the competition. Finally, the grid should provide a clear picture of how the product or service can best serve each customer segment.
Explanation:
What are the three key principles in personal money management?
Three key principles in personal money management are finance prioritization, assessing the costs and benefits, and restraining your spending.
It's also important to realise that the same ideas that help you succeed in business and your job also apply to how you manage your personal finances. In many cases, these principles can help people build wealth over time.
Money Has a Time ValueA dollar received today is worth more than one obtained in the future, on the other hand. Money has a time value, which is arguably the most basic financial tenet. A dollar earned now is worth more than a dollar earned next year.
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Costco - The Six Rights of People
Respect the law. Look after our participants. Take good care of our staff. Considering our suppliers.
What exactly are a business's suppliers?A company or individual that provides items to another company or service is referred to as a supplier. Suppliers are regarded as the initial link in the supply chain because they solely engage in business-to-business interactions and deliver goods to manufacturers in sizable quantities.
A vendor vs a supplier is what?Suppliers, who only interact with other businesses on a B2B basis, are frequently referred to as the initial link in a supply chain.
A vendor, on the other hand, is a firm or individual that buys goods from a business and then sells them to another party.
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Paul surrenders a life policy and receives a lump sum of $30,000. Premiums totaled $25,000 on the policy. How is the surrender treated for tax purposes?
A) $30,000 is received free of income tax.
B) $30,000 is taxed as ordinary income.
C) $25,000 is received tax free and $5,000 is taxed at ordinary income rates.
D) $5,000 is received tax free and $25,000 is taxed at ordinary income rates.
The surrender is considered for tax reasons so that (C) $25,000 is received tax-free and $5,000 is taxed at regular income rates.
The term "cost recovery method of revenue recognition" refers to a practice in accounting where a company does not record profit on a sale until the money received outweighs the cost of the good or service delivered.
The Cost Recovery Rule, which essentially states that you are only taxed on things that have never been taxed, is applicable here. Since taxes on insurance premiums have already been paid, the $5,000 gain would also be subject to taxes. not the contributions made to the plan.
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What is the relationship between the federal funds rate and the prime interest rate?
The relationship between the Federal Funds Rate and the prime interest rate is that, the federal funds rate is the interest rate which the commercial banks charge each other for the overnight lending.
The effective Federal Funds Rate is the average interest rate which the banks tend to pay for overnight borrowing in the federal funds market. Thus, the Federal Reserve tends to use certain tools in order to adjust this rate.
However, the discount rate is considered to be the interest rate which is charged by the Federal Reserve to the member banks when they tend to borrow money from the Fed's discount window.
Hence, the prime rate is considered to be the interest rate which the banks charge their best customers.
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What is a benefit of a negative monetary incentive?
The aim of negative incentives is the same as the aim of any other work motivator: to urge workers to perform their tasks as effectively and as well as they can, but with the chance of a negative outcome.
Explain negative monetary incentive.Unwanted incentives are a trick employed by managers to motivate their staff to perform well in order to avoid repercussions. Instead of offering a reward for reaching a goal, a manager may suggest a penalty if the goal is not achieved, such as withholding a bonus, forfeiting a potential vacation day, writing the employee up, or, in extreme cases, demoting the worker. The aim of negative incentives is the same as the aim of any other work motivator: to urge workers to perform their tasks as effectively and as well as they can, but with the chance of a negative outcome rather than a positive outcome.
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A useful clue about an organization's culture is Multiple Choice
O found by seeing who is hired and who is fired,
O the industrial environment
O the macroenvironment
O environmental scanning
O information printed in the media
A useful clue about organization's culture is environmental scanning.
What is environmental scanning?The practice of learning more about the happenings and how they relate to the internal and external surroundings of the company is known as environmental scanning. Environmental scanning is mostly used to assess corporate organizations' future prospects. The Environmental Scanning Committee assists management in making decisions based on an in-depth analysis of previous events to forecast future events, which makes it a valuable resource for management. The committee also helps management connect with other staff members who have the requisite skills to provide trustworthy data for decision-making, assess action plans and set up the resources for those plans, and build action plans to cope with these upcoming occurrences.
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What are the 2 main reasons governments use trade barriers?
For a variety of reasons, including the following, governments may decide to apply tariffs: to: 1. safeguard domestic industries 2. Reduce the trade surplus.
1. To shield home jobs from "cheap" labour abroad: Industrialized nations pay higher wages since their workers produce more than those in underdeveloped nations.
2. To reduce a trade deficit: Trade barriers increase the cost of imports and thus reduce the demand for imports. Trade partners, however, have the option of doing the same in retaliation and raising export prices. Therefore, if domestically manufactured items aren't competitive or of high quality, governments won't necessarily fix the issue, according to this justification.
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Which type of interest will allow principal to grow quicker?
A) Compound
B) Simple
C) It grows the same.
This question is from economic and personal finance
Compound interest bases the interest paid each period on both the principal debt and any accrued but unpaid interest. Interest grows over time.
What kind of interest expands more quickly?It is obvious that money grows faster when it earns compound interest compared to when it earns basic interest. If you invest $2,000 at an interest rate of 8.5% compounding twice a year for five years, to return to the example above, your final total will be $3,032.43.
Simple interest or compound interest accumulates more quickly?Compound interest accelerates the growth of your money since it calculates interest on both the initial principal and the interest that has accrued over time. Compounding can have a snowball effect, where the initial investments grow along with the revenue generated by those assets.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of payment system?
The advantages of digital payment systems include speed, safety, ease of collection, and lower costs for the company. Your company's account payable department can save money by integrating electronic payment.
The drawback of direct payments
The strain of having to employ your own care and help may be too much for you.For instance, you can be forced to engage personnel while observing complex tax and employment requirements.The absence of identification, the ability to repudiate charges, and credit card theft are some of the major drawbacks of electronic payments. There is no way to confirm or authenticate that the person providing the information online is who they claim to be. Neither a signature nor a photo ID with a face are required.
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A private securities transaction exists when a representative:
OA makes a trade from his personal account.
OB.is selling away.
OC has a joint account with a family member,
OD is engaged with an outside business.
A private securities transaction exists when a representative is selling away. The the transactions must be authorized by the parties involved, executed properly and reported to the appropriate authorities.
What do you mean by securities transaction?
Securities transactions involve buying and selling securities such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds and derivatives. The transactions involve the transfer of ownership from one party to another and are typically executed through a brokerage firm or a bank. Transactions may be executed over the counter or electronically through a variety of trading platforms. The transactions are subject to market forces, regulations and laws, as well as other factors that may influence the price of the security. Securities transactions can be done for various reasons, such as for investments, hedging and speculation. Regardless of the reason, the transactions must be authorized by the parties involved, executed properly and reported to the appropriate authorities in order to ensure compliance with the applicable regulations.
So, The correct option is B.
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How long do hard inquiries stay on your credit report?
Hard inquiries, which can stay on your credit report for two years but usually only have a one-year impact on your credit scores, serve as a history of when you have sought for new credit.
When a hard query stops, does your credit score rise? Hard inquiries, which can stay on your credit report for two years but usually only have a one-year impact on your credit scores, serve as a history of when you have sought for new credit.Hard inquiries could mean various things to different lenders depending on your particular credit history.Hard inquiries typically don't affect your credit scores at all, and they stop having an impact when a year has passed after the date of the inquiry.Therefore, your scores might not increase much—or change at all—when a hard inquiry is deleted from your credit reports. Typically, six or more harsh inquiries are regarded as being excessive.This figure translates to an eight-fold greater likelihood of filing for bankruptcy than the norm, according to the research.To learn more about credit report refer
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Venture capitalists often seek a return of 10 times their investment in 7 years. Approximately what is this compound annual rate of return? to make z times return in y years, where r is the compound rate of return: z = (1 + r)y.
Venture capitalists often seek a return of 10 times their investment in 7 years. The compound rate of the return annually will be 39%.
Define investment?Investment necessitates the loss of a current resource, such as time, money, or effort. In the world of finance, investing is done in order to profit from the asset being put to use.Investment interest is the possession or ownership of a share of stock in a company, a partnership interest or unit, a bond, a debenture, a note, or another equity or debt instrument.Investments refer to a portion of revenue that is set aside each year for capital formation rather than being used for consumption.Investment is simply the exchange of cash for a profit-generating asset. The same earnings is kept and used to buy further assets.To learn more about investment refer to:
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even one instance of unsafe driving will lower your fico score? . true false Amazon Test
True, even one incidence of reckless driving will reduce your FICO score.
By examining driving characteristics such as acceleration, braking, turning, speeding, and cellphone distraction, the FICO Safe Driving Score predicts the risk of future driving incidents based on telematics-based driving data given by Mentor. The FICO Safe Driving Score, which is designed to be at the heart of the Mentor smartphone application, delivers a driver's risk score after each legitimate journey and over time. The higher the score, the more likely a motorist is to exhibit safe driving practices and avoid future collisions. The most critical component in keeping a good credit score is payment history. It accounts for 35% of your FICO score, and FICO considers your payment history to be the most accurate indicator of whether you will pay future debt on time.
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How did globalization help US economy?
Although there are many effects of globalization, we focused on three main effects. They are the labor force, the emergence of multi-national corporations, and the merging of new businesses with the U.S. economy.
What is Economics? The two subfields of economics are microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is interested in the choices that people and families make when allocating their resources. The entire market structure of a nation is examined in macroeconomics. The topics that are relevant to the entire country are highlighted, such as the unemployment rate, inflation, price levels, national income, and gross domestic product (GDP).Economics is the study of scarcity and its effects on resource use, the creation of commodities and services, the expansion of production and welfare over time, as well as a wide range of other complicated concerns of paramount importance to society.Economics is the study of how individuals divide up finite resources between individual and group uses for production, distribution, and consumption. Economics has two subfields: macroeconomics and microeconomics. Efficiency in exchange and production is the main focus of economics.To learn more about economics refer to:
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What was Roosevelt's first program?
Roosevelt's first New Deal program attempted to address the most urgent and immediate needs of the US by creating jobs and a system to give relief to Americans in need.
What were Roosevelt's programs called?To combat the economic impacts of the Great Depression, FDR established a number of comprehensive relief programs and reforms known as the New Deal. The New Deal promoted government expenditure as a significant economic engine promoting consumer demand.
By providing jobs and establishing a system to distribute aid to Americans in need, Roosevelt's first New Deal package aimed to meet the most pressing and immediate needs of the US.
Many historians make a distinction between the First New Deal (1933–1934) and a Second New Deal (1935–1936), with the latter being more progressive and contentious. Through the Emergency Banking Act and the 1933 Banking Act, the First New Deal (1933–1934) addressed the dire banking situation.
Roosevelt thought that the three New Deal initiatives—Relief, Reform, and Recovery—could work together to stabilize the country's economy. These initiatives were referred to as the three "Rs" of the New Deal. Reform initiatives were concentrated on ways to make sure that the American public would never experience another downturn like the one that hit in the 1930s.
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ordinary repairs and maintenance costs should be ______.
Ordinary repairs and maintenance costs should be expensed as incurred.
How do you document routine maintenance?The book value of the relevant fixed asset is unaffected by routine repairs because they are simply recognized as expenses in the current accounting period. Costs that are incurred within the period when the expense is shown on a company's income statement are called expenses.
Which expense needs to be capitalized?All costs incurred to prepare an asset for usage are capitalized as a component of the asset. They cover expenditures like those for installation, labor if it needs to be built, transportation, etc. Initial balance sheet entries for capitalized costs are made at their historical cost.
How are common repairs identified when they occur?Ordinary repairs should be recorded as revenue expenses when they are incurred. Total sales are divided by ending total assets to determine the asset turnover. If goodwill is not acquired through the acquisition of another business, it is not recorded in accounting.
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Ordinary repairs and maintenance costs should be budgeted for and accounted for in any household or business expenses
Ordinary repairs and maintenance costs should be?
Ordinary repairs and maintenance costs should be budgeted for and accounted for in any household or business expenses. Regular upkeep and upkeep of equipment and facilities are necessary to keep things running smoothly, prevent major repairs or replacements, and ensure the safety of individuals. Therefore, it is important to allocate funds for these expenses and prioritize their completion.
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What type of interest group is the National education Association?
It represents public school teachers and other support staff,college and university faculty and staff,retired educators,and college students preparing to become teachers.
Our mission is to advocate for education professionals and unite our members and the nation in fulfilling the promise of public education to prepare every student to succeed in a diverse and interdependent world. The National Education Association (NEA) is one of the largest interest groups in the country that is both union representative and white collar. With members in every state in 14,000 communities, the NEA represents teachers,educational support professionals,retired teachers,educators. We bring the experience,drive and dedication of 3 million educators and allies to promote fairness and excellence in public education.Our 3 million members bring their experiences working at all levels of education to shape our organization and impact.NEA helps build collective action for competitive wages,health benefits,and retirement security so we can attract and retain the best educators for our students.
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What is one of the main differences between a 401k?
The way in which a 401(k) differ from an individual retirement account (IRA) is: 401(k) is created through an individual’s employer
A 401(k) and an IRA are both types of retirement savings accounts, but they have some key differences:
Eligibility: 401(k)s are typically offered by employers as a retirement savings plan for employees, whereas IRAs can be opened by anyone who meets certain income and age criteria.Contribution limits: The contribution limits for 401(k)s are generally higher than for IRAs. As of 2021, the contribution limit for 401(k)s is $19,500, with an additional catch-up contribution of $6,500 for those over age 50. The contribution limit for traditional and Roth IRA's is $6,000, with an additional catch-up contribution of $1,000 for those over age 50.Employer contributions: Employers may make contributions to an employee's 401(k) account, either in the form of matching contributions or profit-sharing contributions. Employers are not allowed to make contributions to IRA's.Withdrawals: Withdrawals from 401(k)s are generally subject to penalties if made before age 59 1/2, whereas traditional IRA's are subject to penalties if made before age 59 1/2 and Roth IRA's have no age restrictions for withdrawals.Taxation: Contributions to traditional 401(k)s and traditional IRA's are tax-deductible and grow tax-free, but withdrawals are taxed at the individual's current income tax rate. Contributions to Roth 401(k) and Roth IRA's are taxed when contributed but grow tax-free and withdrawals are tax-free.Rollover options: 401(k)s can typically be rolled over into another employer's 401(k) plan or into an IRA, while IRA's can be rolled over into another IRA or into a qualified employer plan, like a 401(k)Know more about 401k and IRA - https://brainly.com/question/3671553
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what is the difference between the three governmental protection companies?
FDIC
CFPB
SEC
full explanation please
Based on functionalities and jurisdictions, the difference between the governmental protection companies listed here is that FDIC ensures the safety of financial institutions, CFPB ensures financial markets work for all parties involved, and SEC ensures the protection of investors in corporate sectors.
What is the difference between the FDIC, CFPB, and SEC?Generally, the term FDIC is an acronym for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and was established to maintain stability and public confidence in financial institution practices.
On the other hand, CFPB is an acronym for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and was established to ensure that consumer financial markets work for consumers, responsible providers, and the economy in general.
Also, the SEC which stands for Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the national government regulatory agency responsible for monitoring the corporate sector, the capital market participants, the securities and investment instruments market, and the protection of the investing public.
Therefore, it is concluded that while all these aforelisted government agencies are created to solve impending issues in financial sectors, their roles, and functionalities are different.
FDIC protects financial institutions
CFPB protects financial markets
While SEC protects investors.
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A corporation is created by obtaining a charter from a state government. A charter application usually most be signer by the prospective stockholders called incorporators or promoters and then filed with the proper state official. when the application process is complete and fees paid, the charter is issued and the corporation is formed. Investors then purchase the corporation;s stock, meets as stockholders, and elect a board of directors. Directors oversee a corporation's affairs.
The founders manage the business of the company. Incorporation.
The required details about Incorporation is mentioned in below paragraph.
Incorporation can mean the formation of one of many legal structures, such as a Limited Liability Company (LLC), a C Corporation (C Corporation), or an S Corporation.The formation of a corporation is a legal process to form a company or group of companies. A corporation is an established legal entity that separates a company's assets and income from its owners and investors.Companies can be incorporated in almost any country in the world and are generally identified as such through the use of terms.
Incorporation is the process of legal declaration of a legal entity separate from its owners.
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Does higher risk mean higher return?
Risky investments may offer higher return opportunities than others, but they put your money at greater risk. It means that it can generate returns. But if things go wrong, you could lose all your invested money.
The higher the risk, the higher the probability of a high return, and the lower the risk, the higher the probability of a low return. The risk-return trade-off that an investor faces when making an investment decision is known as the risk-return trade-off. Stocks don't behave the same when it comes to volatility. Numerous studies have shown that high volatility stocks do not yield higher returns than low volatility stocks. This is perhaps one of the greatest anomalies in modern finance.
The higher the risk, the higher the potential for profit or loss. According to the risk-reward trade-off principle, low uncertainty (risk) is associated with low returns, and high uncertainty is associated with high returns.
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Espresso Express operates a number of espresso coffee stands in busy suburban malls. The fixed weekly expense of a coffee stand is $1,200 and the variable cost per cup of coffee served is $0.22. Required: 1. Fill in the following table with your estimates of the company's total cost and average cost per cup of coffee at the indicated levels of activity. 2. Does the average cost per cup of coffee served increase, decrease, or remain the same as the number of cups of coffee served in a week increases? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Fill in the following table with your estimates of the company's total cost and average cost per cup of coffee at the indicated levels of activity. (Round the "Average cost per cup of coffee served" to 3 decimal places.) Cups of Coffee Served in a Week 2,000 2,100 2,200 Fixed cost Variable cost Total cost Average cost per cup of coffee served Required 1 Required 2
Weeklyespresso Servings of Coffee 2,000 2,100 2,200 in recurring expenses $1,200 $1,200 $1,200 monetary considerations 440 462 484 Total cost: $1,640 $1,662 $1,684 Cost per cup served on average: $0.820, $0.791, and $0.765.
Italians make espresso by using 9–10 bars (900–1,000 kPa; 130–150 psi) of pressure to a very small volume of nearly boiling water (90–190 °C or 190–190 °F) that is blasted through finely ground coffee beans. Espresso can be made using a variety of coffee bean varieties and roasting intensities. Espresso is the most widely used coffee preparation technique in southern Europe, particularly in Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal. Other countries where it is well-liked include Switzerland, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Australia, and New Zealand. Compared to other forms of coffee, espresso frequently has a thicker viscosity akin to warm honey.
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can someone help me with stockholders equity, balance sheet, closing and pist closing entries?
The total of a company's obligations minus its assets can be used to compute shareholders' equity, as can the total of share capital and retained earnings minus treasury shares.
What two strategies could be used to boost a company's investors' equity?Common Shares is credited and rises as owners invest in stock.
Retained Earnings are credited and grow as a result of the business making a profit.
As to why accountants shut accounts,In order to prepare for the next accounting period, accountants do closing entries to reset the temporary balances for revenue, expenses, and draws.
Why are closing entries crucial for businesses to prepare?The general ledger, the method for keeping track of a company's financial information, uses the closing entry to reset the temporary account balances to zero. To document accounting activities for a certain time period, temporary accounts are employed.
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Cash inflows are also known as disbursements.True or false
False, Cash inflows aren't the same as outflows of funds.
Why do you use the term "cash inflow"?A cash inflow happens when money comes into a business. The source could be from sales, investments, or financing. A cash inflow is different from a cash outflow since it involves cash coming into a business. For a company to be able to increase value for shareholders, positive cash flow generation is a requirement.
Cash flow is the sum of the amounts of cash and cash equivalents coming into and going out of a business. As a result, cash inflows and outflows are represented by the money that is received and spent.
Revenue is the earnings an enterprise generates in as a consequence of selling its products and services. The phrase "cash flow" refers to the difference between an organization's cash inflow and outflow.
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What is a series of related jobs?
A career is a collection of connected employment based on a foundation of expertise, interest, education, and training.
What are a career, a profession, and a job?A career is what you do for a living and encompasses your education, training, professional memberships, volunteer work, and your complete history of paid work. A job is what you go to work for. An occupation is a category of labor that comprises duties, prerequisite education and training, standard pay, working conditions, and other elements.
A job is all the tasks completed by a certain worker to carry out his or her duties, while occupation refers to the type of work done in a job. A group of jobs that execute enough similar tasks collectively constitute an occupation.
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