Item 1 What happened to Franklin Roosevelt that enhanced his ability to relate to people and understand their problems

In 1965, Alpha Kappa Alpha, the first women's organization, had the opportunity to assist the government in preparing women and girls for responsible citizenship through the anti-poverty program called the Job Corps.

The Job Corps was established as part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty in 1964. Its goal was to help young people from low-income families acquire the skills and training they needed to succeed in the workforce.

The program provided education and training in a variety of vocational fields, including construction, automotive repair, and healthcare. Participants also received counseling and support services to help them overcome personal and social barriers to success.

Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority did partner with the Job Corps in the 1960s as part of its broader efforts to promote education and civic engagement among African American women and girls.

AKA members provided volunteer support and mentorship to Job Corps participants, and the organization also offered scholarships and other educational resources to help young people achieve their goals.

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Answer: the law ensured that only parts of an organization that rec'd federal funding would have to comply with civil rights laws

Explanation:

Answer to the question is Submissive. In 1950s television sitcoms, women were often portrayed as submissive, meaning they were obedient and compliant to their husbands. This was in stark contrast to their husbands who were portrayed as assertive and capable fathers.

The 1950s was a time when gender roles were rigidly defined, and women were expected to fulfill the role of a homemaker and take care of the family while their husbands went out to work. Television sitcoms of that era reflected these societal norms, and women were often depicted as submissive and passive characters who deferred to their husbands in all matters. This portrayal reinforced the idea that women were inferior to men and needed to be protected and guided by them. In contrast, the male characters in these shows were portrayed as strong and assertive, taking charge of their families and providing for them. These depictions of gender roles were influential in shaping popular culture and had a lasting impact on the way society viewed women and men.

In the 1950s, television sitcoms tended to reinforce traditional gender roles. Women were often shown as being subservient to their husbands, focusing on household duties, and providing support to the family. This portrayal aligned with societal expectations of women during that time.

These stereotypes were perpetuated in popular shows like "I Love Lucy," "Leave It to Beaver," and "The Honeymooners." Women were primarily portrayed in nurturing, supportive roles, while their husbands were shown as strong, confident providers. This representation was influenced by the cultural norms of the era and reflected the belief that a woman's primary responsibility was to care for her family, whereas men were responsible for making decisions and providing financial stability.

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In the days just prior to the Civil War, the nation tried to address the issue of slavery and disunion through a series of political compromises.

One of the most notable of these was the Compromise of 1850, which sought to resolve disputes between slave and free states over the status of newly acquired territories in the West. The compromise included a provision that allowed for the continuation of slavery in the territories, but also included the Fugitive Slave Act, which required citizens to assist in the capture and return of runaway slaves.
Another attempt at addressing the issue came in the form of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed for popular sovereignty in determining whether a state would be free or slave. This led to violent conflicts in Kansas, known as "Bleeding Kansas," as both pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces attempted to sway the outcome.
Despite these attempts at compromise, the issue of slavery and disunion ultimately led to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. The failure to solve the problem can be attributed to a deep disunion ideological divide between the North and South over the issue of slavery, as well as the failure of political leaders to effectively address and reconcile these differences. Additionally, the institution of slavery was deeply entrenched in the economic and social structures of the South, making any compromise on the issue difficult to achieve.

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Sherman's March to the Sea, which took place during the American Civil War, marked a turning point in the history of modern warfare primarily because it utilized the strategy of targeting civilian centers as military objectives (option a). This approach, known as "total war," aimed to undermine the enemy's morale, resources, and overall capacity to fight.

General William Tecumseh Sherman led his Union army through the Confederate states, deliberately destroying infrastructure, agriculture, and civilian property along the way. This scorched earth policy was intended to weaken the Confederacy's ability to support its military efforts and hasten the end of the war. By targeting civilian centers, Sherman disrupted supply chains, crippled transportation systems, and devastated the Southern economy.

Although this tactic was controversial, it proved to be effective in breaking the resolve of the Confederate forces and their civilian supporters. Sherman's March to the Sea demonstrated the potential of total war as a means to expedite victory and set a precedent for future conflicts in modern warfare. Hence the correct option is a.

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Before the Congo River has been completely explored, Europeans believed it to be connected to the Nile.

This belief was held due to the similarities they saw between the two rivers - both were large, powerful bodies of water that flowed through vast regions of Africa. However, as explorers began to map out the Congo River and its surrounding areas, it became clear that the river had no direct connection to the Nile or any other major waterway.
One of the earliest European explorers to venture into the Congo River basin was Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão in the late 15th century. He named the river "Zaire," which was later changed to the Congo River by other explorers.

Over the centuries, numerous expeditions were launched to explore the Congo River and its tributaries, including the famous expedition led by British explorer Henry Morton Stanley in the late 19th century.
Through these expeditions, Europeans gradually came to understand the true nature and extent of the Congo River, and they realized that it was a massive river system in its own right, with no direct connection to the Nile. Today, the Congo River is recognized as one of the most important rivers in Africa, playing a critical role in the region's ecology, economy, and culture.

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Answer: A: Limit voting to a small portion of African Americans

That being said, it is important to understand that graduating from high school or college is a significant milestone and accomplishment that can open doors to various opportunities.

Graduation indicates that you have completed a set of requirements, demonstrated a certain level of competency, and are prepared for the next step in your life.

While grades are an important aspect of your education, they are not the only factor that determines your readiness for graduation. Graduating demonstrates that you have fulfilled all the requirements for your degree or diploma, and are ready to move on to the next chapter of your life, whether that be further education or entering the workforce.

Your family may be interested in your graduation because they want to celebrate this accomplishment with you and support you in your future endeavors. They may also recognize the importance of having a degree or diploma in today's job market and want to ensure that you have the best opportunities available to you.

It is important to remember that cheating undermines the value of your education and can have serious consequences, both academically and professionally. It is always better to strive for success through hard work and determination, rather than resorting to cheating.

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The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s had deep historical roots in American culture. This skepticism can be traced back to the country's founding as a rebellion against British authority.

Additionally, the counterculture movement of the 1960s was heavily influenced by previous social and political movements, such as the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war protests. While music and drugs played a role in the counterculture movement, they were not the sole cause of the skepticism about authority.

This skepticism touched all institutions, including religion, as people questioned traditional power structures and sought to create new ways of living and thinking.

The correct answer is A.

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An organization with a specific purpose is commonly referred to as an institution.

Institutions are established entities with defined objectives and functions, often operating within a specific framework or set of rules. They can take various forms, including governmental bodies, non-profit organizations, educational institutions, or commercial enterprises.

Institutions serve as pillars of society and contribute to social, economic, or cultural development. They provide structure, guidance, and a platform for individuals or groups to pursue shared goals and fulfill specific needs.

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The Treaty of Maastricht and the Treaty of Lisbon were indications of deepening integration within the European Union (EU).

The Treaty of Maastricht, signed in 1992, was a significant milestone in the history of the EU as it created the European Union as we know it today. It established a single currency, the Euro, and paved the way for the creation of a common foreign and security policy, as well as closer cooperation on justice and home affairs. The Treaty also introduced the concept of European citizenship, which granted all citizens of EU member states the right to move and reside freely within the EU.

Similarly, the Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007, aimed to further deepen the integration of the EU. The Treaty strengthened the role of the European Parliament and increased the powers of the EU in areas such as foreign policy, justice, and home affairs. It also created a permanent President of the European Council, who chairs meetings of the EU's leaders and established the position of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.

The Treaty of Lisbon also included provisions to enhance democracy and transparency in the EU. For example, it introduced the concept of a citizens' initiative, which allows EU citizens to propose legislation to the European Commission. It also gave national parliaments a greater role in the EU decision-making process.

In both cases, the treaties signalled a move towards greater unity and cooperation among EU member states. They reflected a desire among EU leaders to address the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century in a more coordinated and effective manner.

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The period between 1800 and 1850 was marked by western expansion in the United States, which played a significant role in both maintaining continuity and fostering change in the growing sectional tensions between the North and South.

This essay will evaluate the extent to which western expansion contributed to both of these aspects. Western expansion was a significant factor in maintaining continuity in the sectional tensions between the North and South. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and subsequent acquisitions of land such as Florida and Texas allowed for the expansion of slavery in the South. This expansion of slavery created a sectional tension with the North, which saw slavery as a morally reprehensible institution. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 attempted to maintain the balance of power between free and slave states, but it ultimately failed to address the underlying issues of slavery in the United States. The Compromise of 1850 attempted to resolve the sectional tensions, but it only delayed the inevitable conflict.

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The 1990s in the United States were a period of significant cultural and economic change.

Here are three examples of events that led to a shift in cultural and economic principles during this time:

The rise of the internet: The widespread adoption of the internet during the 1990s revolutionized communication and commerce, leading to a shift in economic principles.

E-commerce became increasingly popular, and many traditional brick-and-mortar businesses were forced to adapt to the new digital landscape. The internet also had a significant impact on culture, changing the way people consume media and interact with each other.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): Signed in 1994, NAFTA led to increased economic integration between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The agreement led to the creation of new jobs and businesses, but also caused job losses in certain industries. The agreement also led to a shift in cultural principles, as American consumers were introduced to new products and cultural influences from Canada and Mexico.

The impeachment of President Bill Clinton: In 1998, President Bill Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives for perjury and obstruction of justice related to his affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky.

The scandal had a significant impact on American culture, as it exposed the private lives of politicians and challenged traditional notions of morality and ethics in politics.

These events, among others, contributed to a significant shift in cultural and economic principles in the United States during the 1990s. They continue to shape American society today.

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The given statement " One point feeding isolationist sentiment in the 1930s was the Nye Committee charge that war profiteers in banking and industry had pressured the United States to enter World War I" is true.

In the 1930s, Senator Gerald Nye served as the chairman of the Nye Committee in the US Senate. Its examination was centred on the reasons why the United States entered World War I and it looked into claims that the country had been drawn into the conflict by strong commercial and financial interests that hoped to gain financially from it.

The committee's findings were extensively reported, which contributed to the rise of isolationism in the 1930s in the United States.

Many Americans had previously expressed scepticism over their nation's decision to enter World War I, and the Nye Committee's accusations that war profiteers had played a large role in that decision only served to fuel that scepticism.

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The twentieth century, the majority of urban Chinese households owned a colored TV (95%), a refrigerator (80%), and a washing machine (70%).

By the end of the twentieth century, urban Chinese households experienced significant improvements in living standards. A high percentage of them owned colored TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. According to a study conducted by the World Bank, by 1995, approximately 95% of urban Chinese households owned a colored TV, around 80% had a refrigerator, and about 70% possessed a washing machine. These impressive ownership rates are attributed to rapid economic growth and development in China, leading to higher disposable incomes, urbanization, and increased consumer spending. The Chinese government also played a crucial role by implementing policies to promote the production and consumption of these appliances, which contributed to the country's economic boom. In summary, by the end of the twentieth century, the majority of urban Chinese households owned a colored TV (95%), a refrigerator (80%), and a washing machine (70%). These figures indicate the remarkable progress China made in improving the living standards of its urban population during that period.

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Answer:

Isolationism was linked to an earlier period in U.S. history during the 1920s and 1930s when the country adopted a policy of non-intervention and neutrality in foreign affairs, which was influenced by the devastation of World War I. On the other hand, internationalism was linked to an earlier period during the late 19th century when the U.S. began expanding its influence overseas through imperialism and interventionist policies.

Explanation:

The role the  U.S. Constitution play in creating local governmentsis It gives the states the authority to create any local governments they need.

The U.S. Constitution grants the states authority to construct and order local governments, providing they comply with the federal Constitution and adhering state laws.

The federal guidelines do not specify what kinds of local governments can be established, nor does it impose a demand for local administrations to possess constitutions founded on the federal document. Moreover, the federal government lacks the autonomy to design or come up with any types of local governments, as this capacity solely lies in the hands of the respective states.

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The features that propelled the framers toward the Constitutional Convention of 1787 except is abolitionism.

The 1787 Constitutional Convention was convened primarily to address representation-related issues, such as the division of authority between the federal and state governments.

The framers of the Constitution were also concerned with social mobility as they worked to create a government that would serve the general welfare and foster economic development.

However, many of the delegates to the Convention did not prioritise abolitionism or the effort to end slavery as a top priority.

In truth, the debate over slavery was bitter and ultimately unresolved; as a compromise, the architects permitted the existence of slavery in some areas of the nation while outlawing the transatlantic slave trade.

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In the Vietnam War, because they believed that it was an effective way to measure their success in the war.

Body counts referred to the number of enemy soldiers that were killed, wounded, or captured, while kill ratios measured the ratio of enemy soldiers killed to friendly casualties suffered. These metrics were used to evaluate the effectiveness of military tactics and strategies and to gauge the progress of the war.
However, the emphasis on body counts and kill ratios had several negative consequences. It led to a dehumanization of the enemy, as they were reduced to mere numbers. It also encouraged a focus on short-term gains rather than long-term strategic objectives, as military officials were more concerned with achieving high body counts and kill ratios than with winning the war. Additionally, these metrics were often inaccurate, as they were based on incomplete information and unreliable sources.
Despite these issues, the emphasis on body counts and kill ratios persisted throughout the Vietnam War and had a significant impact on how the conflict was perceived both at home and abroad. It highlighted the brutality and senselessness of the war, and contributed to growing public opposition to U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Ultimately, the reliance on these metrics proved to be a flawed strategy that failed to achieve the desired outcomes in the war.

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Alfred Thayer Mahan was a naval strategist and historian who advocated for the importance of sea power in international relations. John J. Pershing was the leader of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I.

John J. Pershing was responsible for commanding and coordinating the U.S. military efforts in Europe, which ultimately helped to turn the tide of the war in favor of the Allies.

Pershing was a skilled military leader and strategist, and his leadership was very helpful to the success of the American military during the World War I.

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Major characteristics of societies in Mesoamerica and South America included advanced agriculture, complex urban planning, and monumental architecture.

Notable civilizations such as the Maya, Aztecs, and Incas built large cities with temples, palaces, and plazas. In the Southwest, Native American cultures like the Anasazi and Hohokam were known for their skillful irrigation systems, adobe dwellings, and cliffside constructions. Meanwhile, in the Eastern Woodlands, Algonquian and Iroquoian societies had rich cultural traditions, matrilineal clan systems, and the construction of longhouses. These diverse societies exhibited a range of social, political, and economic systems that shaped their unique characteristics.

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watching television coverage of the Chicago Democratic National Convention might lead Americans to view the Vietnam War with increased awareness, heightened skepticism, empathy for protestors, and a greater sense of polarization.

After watching television coverage of the Chicago Democratic National Convention, Americans might view the Vietnam War in the following ways:
1. Increased awareness: The television coverage would provide insight into the different perspectives on the Vietnam War, helping Americans become more informed about the ongoing conflict and its impact on society.
2. Heightened skepticism: Americans may develop a more critical view of the government's handling of the Vietnam War, as the convention highlighted the division among political leaders and the public.
3. Empathy for protestors: The coverage of the convention showed the passionate protests against the Vietnam War, which could lead Americans to empathize with the protestors and understand their reasons for opposing the conflict.
4. Polarization: The convention exposed the deep divisions among Americans regarding the Vietnam War, with some supporting the government's actions and others vehemently opposing them. This could contribute to a further polarization of opinions on the war.

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The Commonwealth of Nations is a group of countries that were once part of the British Empire. It is not another name for the United Nations or all the nations of the world.

A specific group of nations that share historical ties and a commitment to democratic values, human rights, and economic development. Some of the countries in the Commonwealth of Nations were once ruled by France, but the majority have a history of British colonial rule.

In allusion to the British Empire's great size and global reach, the proverb "the sun never sets on the British Empire" was used.

The British Empire was the biggest empire in history at its height. The former Spanish empire and the Mongol empire were dwarfed by its size and global reach.

A piece of territory that was a part of the British empire technically always had the sun shining on it because the British possessed colonies in many different time zones.

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The search for power by individuals, the development of a navy, and the wealth of the empire all played important roles in shaping politics in ancient Greece during the time of Pisistratus and Cleisthenes.

During the time of Pisistratus and Cleisthenes in ancient Greece, the search for power by individuals played a significant role in shaping politics. Pisistratus was a tyrant who gained power through military force and ruled Athens with an iron fist. He implemented policies that favored the poor and disadvantaged, which helped him gain popular support. Similarly, Cleisthenes also sought to increase his power by implementing democratic reforms, such as creating a council of 500 citizens to oversee the government.

The development of a navy was also a significant factor in shaping politics during this time. Athens, under the leadership of Pisistratus and later Cleisthenes, recognized the importance of a strong navy and invested heavily in its development. This investment paid off during the Persian Wars, as Athens was able to defeat the invading Persian army in part due to its superior naval capabilities.

Finally, the wealth of the empire played a crucial role in shaping politics. Athens, with its vast resources and wealth, was able to support a powerful navy and maintain a strong military presence. This allowed Athens to expand its influence and power, which in turn helped shape its political landscape.

In summary, the search for power by individuals, the development of a navy, and the wealth of the empire all played important roles in shaping politics in ancient Greece during the time of Pisistratus and Cleisthenes. These factors helped Athens become a dominant power in the region and paved the way for future political developments in Greece.

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The nineteenth-century Norwegian dramatist who shocked the public with controversial subjects including insanity, incest, and venereal disease was Henrik Ibsen.

Ibsen was born on March 20, 1828, in Skien, Norway, and became one of the most significant and influential dramatists of his time. His plays were controversial because they dealt with taboo subjects that were considered immoral and inappropriate by the society of his time.

Ibsen's most famous plays include "A Doll's House," "Ghosts," "Hedda Gabler," and "An Enemy of the People." These plays shocked audiences with their frank portrayal of topics such as marital infidelity, venereal disease, and women's oppression.

Ibsen's portrayal of women in his plays was particularly controversial, as he depicted them as strong and independent individuals who challenged the traditional gender roles of their time. Despite the controversy surrounding his work, Ibsen became a major figure in the development of modern drama.

He is often credited with introducing realism to the theater and influencing later playwrights such as Anton Chekhov and Tennessee Williams. Ibsen's legacy is still felt today, and his plays continue to be performed and studied around the world.

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Enslaved individuals in the antebellum era used various strategies to resist, revolt, and sustain their own communities and cultures, including sabotage, work slowdowns, running away, revolts, and maintaining cultural practices.


1. Sabotage and Work Slowdowns: Enslaved individuals would sometimes intentionally damage property or equipment, or perform their tasks inefficiently to resist their oppressors. This passive form of resistance allowed them to express their discontent and hinder productivity without drawing too much attention.

2. Running Away: Escaping from their enslavers was a more direct form of resistance. Fugitive slaves would attempt to reach free states or territories where they could live without the constant threat of being returned to bondage. The Underground Railroad, a network of safe houses and routes, played a significant role in helping escaped slaves reach freedom.

3. Revolts: Throughout the antebellum era, there were several well-known slave revolts, such as the Nat Turner rebellion in 1831 and the Amistad revolt in 1839. These uprisings served to challenge the institution of slavery and demonstrate the determination of the enslaved to fight for their freedom.

4. Maintaining Cultural Practices: Enslaved individuals also sought to preserve their African heritage and culture by engaging in traditional practices such as storytelling, music, dance, and religious beliefs. This allowed them to maintain a sense of identity and community, even under the oppressive conditions of slavery.

In conclusion, the enslaved employed various strategies in the antebellum era to resist, revolt, and sustain their own independent communities and cultures, demonstrating their resilience and determination to fight for freedom and self-determination.

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The phrase coined in the 1960s that characterizes the way in which homes with a phone, radio, and television are interconnected is "the electronic cottage."

The term was first used by American author and futurist Marshall McLuhan in his 1962 book "The Gutenberg Galaxy" to describe the emerging trend of people working from home using electronic communication technologies.

McLuhan envisioned a future in which people would be able to live and work in decentralized, self-sufficient communities linked by electronic media.

The idea of the electronic cottage gained popularity in the 1960s and 1970s as more and more households acquired televisions, telephones, and other electronic devices, creating a new interconnectedness and blurring the boundaries between work and leisure.

Today, the phrase is still used to describe the integration of technology and home life.

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Answer the policy of containment

Explanation:

George F. Kennan, a career Foreign Service Officer, formulated the policy of containment the basic United States strategy for fighting the cold war (1947–1989) with the Soviet Union.

The rejection of the idea that the mounds of North America were built by Indians and that Great Zimbabwe was built by Africans was largely due to the prevailing Eurocentric worldview of the time.

Europeans believed that their own civilization was superior and that non-European cultures were primitive and incapable of such feats of engineering and architecture.

Additionally, the European explorers and colonizers who encountered these structures often had little knowledge or understanding of the indigenous cultures and societies that had built them.

This lack of understanding and the desire to assert European dominance over the Americas and Africa led to the rejection of the idea that the mounds of North America and Great Zimbabwe were built by their respective indigenous peoples.

However, over time, through the work of archaeologists and historians, it has become widely accepted that these structures were indeed built by the indigenous peoples of the Americas and Africa.

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President Johnson enacted policies that made it harder for freed slaves to own and cultivate land, while making it easier for whites to control the land.

He vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau Bill, which would have provided assistance to newly freed slaves in acquiring land and education, and he supported the Black Codes, which were state laws that restricted the rights and movements of African Americans. Additionally, he returned land confiscated from Confederate planters to their former owners, effectively maintaining the pre-Civil War power structure and denying land ownership to freed slaves. These actions reinforced white control over land and contributed to the systemic oppression of African Americans in the post-Civil War South.

Because it was easier for former Confederate states, President Andrew Johnson's plans for the South were different than those of President Abraham Lincoln.

Slavery and state's rights were frequent arguments in favour of the Confederate cause during the Civil War. Many people were inspired to struggle to end the practise of slavery.

There were 11 states in the Confederate States of America. 4 states that seceded after Fort Sumter fell, along with 7 founding members.

Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, and so on are the states.

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