Deletion, addition, and sex-linked are causes of mutation, introducing one or more nucleotides to the gene, an insertion modifies the DNA sequence.
What are the different types of mutations?The protein produced from the gene might not work effectively, by eliminating at least one nucleotide from a gene, a deletion modifies the DNA sequence.
One of the sex chromosomes, which are the X and Y chromosomes, is how sex-related disorders are inherited.
When one parent's faulty gene can cause an illness while the other parent's identical gene is normal, this is known as dominant inheritance.
Therefore, B, C, and D are correct.
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All of the following are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT:
a: it involves synthesizing new biomolecules.
b: it primarily involves endergonic reactions.
c: it releases large amounts of energy.
d: an example of anabolism is linking amino acids together to form proteins.
e: an example is the formation of two ammonia molecules from one nitrogen molecule and three hydrogen molecules.
All of the following are characteristics of anabolism except it releases large amounts of energy that is option C.
What is anabolism?Anabolism is a group of metabolic mechanisms that build larger molecules from smaller ones. These reactions, also known as endergonic processes, need energy. Anabolism is the metabolic process that builds up, whereas catabolism is the metabolic process that breaks down. Anabolism is frequently confused with biosynthesis. Anabolism is the process through which the body uses catabolic energy to create complex compounds. These complicated molecules are then used to construct cellular structures, which are built from tiny and simple precursors.
Here,
All of the following are anabolic qualities, with the exception of option C, which releases huge amounts of energy.
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imagine discovering three different bacterial species on a meteorite. each species contains genetic material that is not dna, but the genetic material of each species contains four bases. each species has a different number of amino acids. use the total number of amino acids per species to determine the minimum codon length for each species. species a has 2 amino acids. minimum codon length:
Each species has a different number of amino acids. use the total number of amino acids per species and minimum codon length species a having 2 amino acids is 606
After rRNA, tRNA, and snRNA transcription and processing, the RNAs are prepared for usage in the cell where they are assembled into ribosomes or snRNPs and employed in splicing and protein synthesis. However, the cell cannot yet use the mature mRNA. The encoded protein needs to be translated from it. The genetic code contains the principles for converting nucleic acid "language" into protein language. When 1 or 2 nucleotides were deleted or added to a frameshift mutation, function was lost, but when 3 nucleotides were deleted or added, significant function was retained, according to experiments examining the consequences of frameshift mutations. This proved that the coding unit is made up of three nucleotides.
A codon is a nucleotide triplet that codes for an amino acid. One amino acid is coded for by every trio of nucleotides. The code is degenerate because there are only 20 amino acids and 64 combinations of four nucleotides taken three at a time (more than one codon per amino acid, in most cases).
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in your lab, you have added Gram Stain to an unknown bacterium. The stain shows up as a dark
purple, unlike the regular bacteria you are researching (which is pink). What does this information tell
you about the structure of each bacteria?
This information tells you that the unknown bacterium has a Gram-positive cell wall, while the regular bacteria being researched have a Gram-negative cell wall.
What does Gram staining tell about the bacterium?The color of the unknown bacterium after Gram staining indicates that it has a different cell wall structure than the regular bacteria being researched. Gram staining is a laboratory technique used to differentiate between different types of bacteria based on their cell wall composition. Bacteria that appear purple after Gram staining have a thicker peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, known as a Gram-positive cell wall. Bacteria that appear pink have a thinner peptidoglycan layer, known as a Gram-negative cell wall.
This information can be useful in determining the type of bacteria and in selecting appropriate treatments, as different antibiotics and other treatments are effective against different types of bacteria based on their cell wall structure.
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which description is best for transitional epithelium? view available hint(s)for part a which description is best for transitional epithelium? cells that are more cuboidal in a relaxed state but more squamous when stretched. cells that transition from round to flat based on the age of the cell. tissue that contains elastic fibers, permitting the tissue to stretch when necessary. cells that are more squamous in a relaxed state but more rounded when stretched. cells that can randomly exist in two different states.
The best portrayal for momentary epithelium is "cells that are more cuboidal in a casual state yet more squamous when extended."
The temporary epithelium is a kind of tissue that is portrayed by its capacity to change its shape because of extension or distension. This tissue is made out of cells that are more cuboidal in a casual state but become more squamous when extended.
The temporary epithelium contains versatile filaments, which permit it to extend and oblige changes in volume.
The capacity of momentary epithelium to progress from an adjusted to a level shape and back again makes it appropriate for its job in the urinary parcel, where it should endure the tension of the pee stream.
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explain how the offspring could produce different-colored fruits
than the parents.
Answer:weather and or soil
Explanation:
releases hormones when stimulated by acth from the anterior pituitarytrue or false
The adrenal cortex releases hormones when stimulated by ACTH from the anterior pituitary.
What is the ACTH hormone chemical messenger?The Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH hormone chemical messenger is mainly involved in the ways in which the human body responds to diverse types of stress situations and thus produces a concomitant response in regard to such events.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the ACTH hormone is a critical chemical messenger released by stimulation of the adrenal cortex which acts as a pathway to respond to diverse types of stressful situations.
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what is the role of cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
The involvement of mitochondria and sphingolipids in healthy and disease A special phospholipid called cardiolipin (CL) is almost entirely concentrated at the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), in which it is synthesized in the body.
The membranes built to synthesis ATP using the electrochemical gradient produced by the electron transportation chain are nearly solely related with cardiolipin. The inner membranes of mitochondria and the plasma membrane of bacteria are instances of such membranes. Cardiolipin is a significant phospholipid that is almost entirely present in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and is essential for maintaining mitochondrial function, hence it is possible that anomalies in CL can affect the bioenergetics and mitochondrial function.
The head group area is really little in comparison to the enormous tail region made up of four acyl chains since the head group forms such a compact bicycle architecture.
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Which of the following is the FIRST STEP of Koch's Postulates?a. isolating microorganisms from animals with the same set of symptomsb. identifying suspected microorganism in the lab c. injecting the suspected microorganism into a healthy animal d. reproducing the symptoms in a microorganism into a diseased animalhealth animal e. injecting the suspected
A. Isolating microorganisms from animals with the same set of symptoms is the first step of Koch's postulates.
Koch's postulates are a series of steps used to determine the causative agent of a disease. The first step involves isolating the microorganism from an animal with the same set of symptoms. This involves collecting a sample of the microorganism from the infected animal and growing it in the laboratory in pure culture. The isolated microorganisms can then be further tested to determine if they are the causative agent of the disease. The subsequent steps in Koch's postulates include identifying the microorganism in the lab, injecting it into a healthy animal to reproduce the symptoms, and confirming that the same microorganism can be re-isolated from the diseased animal.
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How is the synthesis and release of anterior pituitary hormones stimulated?
The anterior pituitary's corticotrophs are stimulated by the hypothalamus's production of CRH to release corticotrophin or ACTH into the bloodstream. When activated by hormones released by other endocrine organs, some endocrine glands release hormones.
In turn, the anterior pituitary releases hormones that control other endocrine glands' ability to produce hormones. Growth hormone (GH, somatotropin) is synthesised and released by somatotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland in response to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH, somatoliberin), a hypothalamic peptide hormone. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a hormone generated and emitted by the hypothalamus, is what triggers puberty. Gonadotropins, hormones that control the function of the gonads, are secreted by the anterior pituitary when it is stimulated by GnRH.
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20. Pilihan ganda30 detik1 ptQ. Sunlight and chlorophyll play major roles in photosynthesis. What happens when sunlight strikes a plant’s leaves?Pilihan jawabanchlorophyll captures oxygen.chlorophyll captures light energychlorophyll releases light energychlorophyll releases carbon dioxide
Sunlight and chlorophyll play major roles in photosynthesis, when sunlight strikes a plant’s leaves the energy absorbed is used to convert it into Glucose.
Through the process of photosynthesis, light-energy is used to transform carbon dioxide and water molecules into glucose.
In addition to contributing to photosynthesis, which enables plants to manufacture their own food, chlorophyll is a pigment that gives plants their unique green color.
Plants and other living things employ a process called photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical energy that can then be released through cellular respiration to power the organism's activities. The process of creating sugars and starches from carbon dioxide and water also known as photosynthesis stores some of this chemical energy in these molecules.
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natural selection is the unequal survival that results from the presence or absence of
Natural selection is the unequal survival that results from the presence or absence of particular traits.
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individual species. It is a process through which species adapt to their environment in order to survive.
The term "natural selection" itself was popularized by Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist. The term contrasts the essence of naturalism in the process, in which there is no intentional selection made (vs artificial selection).
The concept of natural selection was published by Darwin and Alfred Wallace in 1858, and since then has been one of the cornerstones of modern biology.
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Humans are complex organisms that can be examined at various levels of complexity. The simplest chemical level is analogous to letters that join together to form a word. Extend the analogy by correctly matching each indicated organizational level with its analogous example.
Which of the following is the FIRST step that scientists follow in creating a genetically modified
organism (GMO)?
Insert that gene into the DNA of the plant scientists want to change.
Grow the new plant and perform tests for safety and the desired trait.
Copy the specific gene for the desired trait.
Identify the desired trait and find an animal or plant with that trait.
The correct option is: Identify the desired trait and find an animal or plant with that trait.
What are GMO?GMO stands for genetically modified organism, which is an organism whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating or natural recombination. This is typically done through genetic engineering, which involves the transfer of specific genes from one organism into another to give the latter new or improved traits, such as increased resistance to pests or herbicides, improved nutritional content, or higher yields. The result is a new organism that contains a combination of genetic information from different species.
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what is a benefit of following the recommended daily allowances for proteins?
Which of these landforms is most likely to be founded at a convergent boundary?
A. Rift Valley
B. Fault line
C. Mid-ocean ridge
D. Mountain
The landform is most likely to be founded at a convergent boundary is: Mountain. Option D is the correct answer.
What is landforms?This refers to a feature on Earth's surface that is part of the terrain.
The four major types of landforms
Mountainshillsplateaux, plainsMinor landforms include
buttescanyonsvalleys basins.Note: Tectonic plate movement under the Earth can create landforms by pushing up mountains and hills.
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This diagram shows a cross section of skin with three horizontal layers. There are several long black hairs protruding from the topmost layer of the skin, with the root hairs embedded within the deepest layer of the skin. The epidermis is the topmost layer of the skin, which is the thinnest layer and is composed of multiple cell sheets tightly packed on top of each other. The middle layer of skin is labeled the dermis which is the thickest layer. The dermis occupies approximately one half of the skin cross section and contains blood vessels and nerves. The deepest layer is labeled the hypodermis and is about twice the thickness of the outermost layer. It contains several round, yellowish cells as well as an artery, a vein, and a nerve running horizontally through the entire layer. Branches from the blood vessels and nerves travel up to the dermis. A table underneath the image describes the cells in the different layers of skin. It states that epidermis is composed of layered sheets of tightly packed cells that divide readily and have a poor blood supply. The dermis has a good blood supply and contains the nerve endings. The hypodermis contains a layer of fatty tissue for cushioning, good blood supply, and nerves. © Image Courtesy of 3DScience.com 2013 Layer of Skin Description Epidermis Layered sheets of tightly packed cells that divide readily; poor blood supply Dermis Good blood supply; has nerve endings Hypodermis Contains fatty layer for cushioning; good blood supply; has nerves Based on the information in the table and diagram, which of the following is true? (2 points) The epidermis contains epithelial tissue. Connective tissue can be found in all three layers of skin. Only the epidermis and dermis contain nervous tissue. The hypodermis contains only epithelial and nervous tissue.
The epidermis contains stratified squamous epithelial tissue. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is the epidermis?The outermost of the three layers that make up the skin is the epidermis; the interior layers are the dermis and hypodermis.
It protects your body from harm, keeps your body hydrated, produces new skin cells, and contains melanin, which determines the color of your skin.
The epithelial tissue layer of skin is known as the epidermis. Sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles are all epithelial invasions from the epidermis. Hence, option A is correct.
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Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfer those instructions from one generation to the next?
a. Responses
b. Chloroplasts
c. Mitochondria
d. DNA molecules
e. nuclear membranes
These cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfer those instructions from one generation to the next are DNA molecules (option D)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that distinguish each species. During reproduction, DNA and the instructions it contains are passed down from adult organisms to their offspring.
The genetic instructions passed down from generation to generation are stored in DNA.
In the nucleus of every cell in the human body is a bundle of DNA containing approximately three billion chemical nucleotides encoding approximately 30,000 genes, which are discrete chunks of DNA that are translated into individual proteins. Thousands of genes are found on each of the 46 chromosomes in the nucleus of a human cell.
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DNA Mutations and Replication
Part 1: Mutation
1. The following is one side of a DNA strand. Complete the missing side. (Change the
color of the font)
AAC
CGT
AGT
CCA
TAG
2. We discussed several examples of mutations. Choose one type of mutation. State the name of that mutation:
3. Using the DNA strand above, demonstrate how that DNA strand would be affected by
the mutation.
The missing side of the DNA strand would be: TTG GCA TCA GGT ATC. One type of mutation is a substitution mutation. An example of the mutation will change to "AAC" to "TAC."
What is substitution mutation?Substitution mutation is a type of genetic mutation in which a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence is replaced by another nucleotide. This results in a change in the genetic code and can alter the amino acid sequence of a protein, potentially affecting its function.
Substitution mutations can have varying effects, ranging from benign to severe, depending on the specific change and the context in which it occurs. For example, if a substitution mutation occurs in the first base pair of the DNA strand given, it would change from "AAC" to "TAC." The mutated strand would now be: TAC CGT AGT CCA TAG
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Which model accurately shows a cell progressing through mitosis?
The diagram shown in result accurately shows a cell progressing through mitosis.
The diagram has four stages labelled prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and shows the cell dividing into two daughter cells during telophase.
The process of mitosis is a crucial part of cell division, as it is responsible for the division of the parent cell's genetic material into two identical daughter cells:
During prophase, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope begins to break down. During metaphase, the chromosomes are lined up in the center of the cell. During anaphase, the chromosomes are pulled apart and move toward the opposite ends of the cell. Finally, during telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite ends of the cell, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the cell is physically divided into two daughter cells.Learn more about mitosis:
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During a pelvic exam a _____________ is inserted to inspect the vagina and cervix for color, lacerations, nodules, or discharge
During a pelvic exam a speculum is inserted to inspect the cervix for color, lacerations, nodules, or discharge.
What is speculum?This refers to the physical examination of the external and internal female pelvic organs. It is usually used in gynecology for the assessment of symptoms affecting the female reproductive and urinary tract, such as pain, bleeding, discharge, urinary incontinence, or trauma.
Speculum refers to a medical instrument that is used to view the internal hollow parts of the body, like your uterine wall. A speculum widens the uterine walls to enable the health personnel to examine the cervix.
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Process which moves an electrical impulse through a nerve cell is called: _________
An action potential is a process that moves an electrical impulse across a nerve cell.
When the membrane potential of a particular device site rapidly increases and decreases, an action potential happens. This depolarization is followed by depolarization in the surrounding areas.
Excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and some plant cells, are a class of animal cells that exhibit action potentials.
Assisting in the propagation of signals along the neuron's axon toward synaptic boutons located at the ends of an axon, action potentials in neurons serve a crucial role in cell-cell communication.
These signals can then link with other neurons at synapses, or to motor cells or glands. Their primary role differs in other types of cells.
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During the S phase of interphase, DNA is replicated, producing sister chromatids that are held together to form the:
A. Mitotic bundle
B. Centromeric bundle
C. Chromatid coil
During the S phase of interphase, DNA is replicated, producing sister chromatids that are held together to form the: Centromeric bundle
What is the Centromeric bundleDuring the S (Synthesis) phase of interphase, DNA replication takes place, resulting in the formation of two identical copies of each chromosome. Each copy is called a sister chromatid and they are held together at a point called the centromere, forming a structure known as the centromeric bundle. This structure is important for the correct separation of chromosomes during cell division.
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wha is enzyme that adds nucleotides to exposed nitrogen bases
DNA Polymerase is the enzyme that adds nucleotides to exposed nitrogen bases. The polymerase builds a new DNA strand on top of the existing one in this manner.
DNA polymerase wraps itself around a single unwound polynucleotide strand once the primer is present and attaches new nucleotides to the exposed nitrogenous bases.
Nucleotides are shown in a schematic in two rows. Each nucleotide is depicted as a long, colored, vertical rectangle (a nitrogenous base) attached at one end to a gray, horizontal cylinder (a sugar molecule). A and T form a pair, while C and G form a pair, and each nitrogenous base binds only to its partner. An affinity exists between each nucleotide and its partner. As DNA polymerase moves down the unwound DNA strand, it relies on the pool of free-floating nucleotides surrounding the existing strand to construct the new strand. A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.
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A marine biologist and her team capture 40 sea turtles and mark them before releasing them. The following year, they capture 60 sea turtles at the same location. Of the 60 sea turtles, only 15 have the mark from the prior year. What is the estimated population of sea turtles for that location?.
Answer:
160 Turtles
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assuming independent assortment, what phenotypic ratio would you expect to see if an individual with the genotype rrgg is self-crossed?
A cross of two F1 half and halves, heterozygous for a solitary characteristic that shows inadequate predominance is anticipated to give a 1:2:1 ratio among both the genotypes and aggregates of the posterity.
From an expansive perspective, the expression "genotype" alludes to the hereditary cosmetics of an organic entity; at the end of the day, it portrays an organic entity's finished arrangement of qualities.
In one sense, the expression "genotype" — like the expression "genome" — alludes to the whole arrangement of qualities in the cells of an organic entity. In a smaller sense, be that as it may, it can allude to various alleles, or various types of quality, for specific characteristics, or attributes.
An individual's genotype is an extraordinary succession of DNA. All the more explicitly, this term is utilized to allude to the two alleles an individual has acquired for a specific quality. Aggregate is the distinguishable articulation of this genotype - a patient's clinical show.
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which of the following is true regarding basal metabolic rate (bmr)? a.) it is different for everyone. b.) there is a specific bmr based on each gender. c.) it is the same for everyone. d.) there is a specific bmr based on age.
The correct answer regarding basal metabolic rate (bmr) is option a). It is different for everyone.
BMR is influenced by several factors, including age, gender, body composition (muscle mass, body fat), and hormone levels. For example, muscle mass has a significant impact on BMR, as muscle tissue burns more calories than fat tissue, even at rest. Hormonal imbalances such as those seen in conditions like hypothyroidism can also affect BMR.
It's important to note that BMR can change throughout a person's life due to changes in body composition, hormones, and other factors. Moreover, BMR is unique to each individual and can vary greatly from person to person. Therefore, it's not possible to determine a single "normal" BMR value that applies to everyone.
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which river starts in the black forest of germany?
Answer:
The Danube River.
Explanation:
The Black Forest or Schwarzwald is a wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. The Danube River originates here.
Sunlight exposure has stronger effect on skin cancer risk in fair-skinned humans than in individuals with darker skin. This is an example of:
This is an illustration of contrasts in defenselessness to a specific well-being result in view of skin pigmentation, or at the end of the day, skin phototype.
How much melanin in the skin, not entirely settled by hereditary qualities, influences the skin's capacity to safeguard itself from the destructive impacts of bright (UV) radiation from the sun.
Lighter-looking people have less melanin and hence are more defenseless to skin malignant growth when presented to UV radiation contrasted with people with hazier skin who have more significant levels of melanin and more assurance against UV radiation.
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enzo found a wooden hammer at a crime scene. the head of the hammer appears to have been used to strike the victim. what can he most accurately conclude about dna evidence and the hammer?
Enzo most accurately conclude about DNA evidence and the hammer that the handle of the hammer could possibly have sweat or skin on it.
Of order to make a double helix, two polynucleotide chains in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coil around one another. All known organisms and many viruses have genetic information in the polymer that is necessary for their development, operation, growth, and reproduction. Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are one of the four main categories of macromolecules that are necessary for all known forms of life, along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides).
DNA is a lengthy polymer consisting of nucleotides, which are units that repeat. DNA has a dynamic structure that can coil into little loops and other configurations along its length . It is made up of two helical chains that are joined together by hydrogen bonds in all species.
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Please HELP! (also just need the answer)!!!!
A student observes that she's always sleepy shortly after eating lunch, and she wants to be able to pay better attention in her mid-afternoon class. She tried doing 10 jumping jacks just before the class, but still felt sleepy around the middle of the class. The next day, she tried sipping water throughout the class and found that she could pay attention until the end of the class. The student now brings a water bottle to class.
Identify how this student applied the scientific method to solve her problem.
Answer:
Explanation:
The scientific method
1. Make an observation.
2. Develop a hypothesis.
3. Test hypothesis by trying different experiements.
4. Collect data.
5. Determine if hypothesis is supported by data.
Observation Felt sleepy after eating lunch.
Hypothesis 1: Student wanted to be more alert for afternoon class and hypothesized exercise might make her feel alert to pay better attention in class.
Experimentation and data collection: Tried exercising before class to alleviated sleepiness but still felt sleepy.
Hypothesis 2: Student wanted to be more alert for afternoon class and hypothesized drinking water during class might make her feel alert.
Experimentation and data collection: Tried drinking water during class and discovered she felt more alert and was better able to pay attention in class.
Hypothesis supported through experimentation and data. Tried exercising and found it did not work. Tried drinking water and discovered it worked.