Installations of communications equipment that are under the exclusive control of communications utilities, and located outdoors or in building spaces used exclusively for such installations _____ covered by the NEC.

Ads portraying people who are not medical professionals but dressed in white coats are most likely manipulated by appeal to authority.

The use of white coats in advertisements is a common tactic used to manipulate consumers by appealing to their trust in authority figures. The white coat is often associated with healthcare professionals, and thus, people dressed in white coats can create the illusion of credibility and trustworthiness. However, if these individuals are not actual medical professionals, then the use of white coats can be seen as a form of manipulation. This tactic is especially prevalent in the pharmaceutical industry, where non-medical professionals are often used to promote prescription drugs. The use of white coats in advertisements can also be considered a form of puffery, as it creates a false impression of expertise and professionalism. Ultimately, it is important for consumers to be aware of these tactics and to seek out accurate information from trusted sources before making healthcare decisions.

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Consumers provided proof of purchase in exchange for a rebate

customers who purchase a particular product or products within a specified time period. Rebates are typically offered as a percentage of the purchase price or a fixed dollar amount, as in the case of the $100 rebate offered by Apple in the example you provided.

To claim a rebate, customers usually need to provide proof of purchase, such as a receipt or invoice, and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer or retailer. This might involve filling out a rebate form, mailing in the required documentation, and waiting for the rebate to be processed and approved. Once the rebate is approved, customers will receive a refund for the specified amount, usually in the form of a check or prepaid card.

Rebates can be a useful way for customers to save money on purchases, but they can also be a source of frustration if the process of claiming the rebate is overly complicated or time-consuming. It's important for customers to read the terms and conditions of the rebate offer carefully, and to keep track of all necessary documentation to ensure that they receive the rebate they are entitled to.

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Outsourcing offers several advantages, one of which is the ability of a company to focus on its core values and activities. By outsourcing non-core tasks to specialized service providers, businesses can allocate more time, energy, and resources to enhancing their primary products or services.

Additionally, outsourcing non-core functions allows businesses to achieve higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Expert service providers often have the resources, expertise, and economies of scale to complete tasks more efficiently and at a lower cost than in-house teams. This leads to reduced operating expenses and improved profit margins for the company.

Furthermore, by focusing on core activities, businesses can enhance their overall strategic planning and decision-making. Outsourcing non-essential tasks enables management to better concentrate on setting long-term goals and making data-driven decisions that drive business growth.

In summary, outsourcing offers the advantage of enabling a company to focus on its core values and activities, leading to increased competitiveness, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and improved strategic planning.

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The per capital real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate be for this country  is 1%.

The per capita real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate is an essential indicator to understand a country's economic performance relative to its population growth. In this scenario, the real GDP growth rate is 5 percent, and the population growth rate is 4 percent.

To calculate the per capita real GDP growth rate, we use the formula:

Per capita real GDP growth rate = Real GDP growth rate - Population growth rate

Plugging in the given values:

Per capita real GDP growth rate = 5% - 4% = 1%

Therefore, the per capita real GDP growth rate for this country is 1 percent. This means that, on average, the income and living standards are improving marginally in this country, taking into account population growth.

A positive per capita real GDP growth rate indicates that the economy is growing faster than the population, but in this case, the difference is minimal. As a result, this country may face challenges in providing sufficient resources and opportunities for its population.

In summary, the per capita real GDP growth rate of 1 percent reveals that the country's economic growth is only slightly outpacing its population growth. While this suggests some improvement in living standards, it may not be enough to create significant progress in terms of economic prosperity and resource allocation.

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It is True. A cash discount is a reduction in the price of goods or services offered by a seller to a buyer if the buyer pays the invoice within the discount period.

The discount period is typically shorter than the payment due date and varies depending on the seller's policy. The cash discount is typically expressed as a percentage of the total invoice amount, and the discount rate may vary depending on the length of the discount period. Cash discounts are a common business practice used by sellers to encourage early payment and improve cash flow. Buyers may also benefit from cash discounts as they can save money on their purchases.

However, it is important for buyers to weigh the benefits of taking the discount against the cost of giving up the use of cash for a longer period. To take advantage of a cash discount, the buyer must pay the invoice within the discount period. If the buyer misses the discount period, they will be required to pay the full amount due on the invoice. Therefore, it is important for buyers to manage their cash flow effectively to take advantage of cash discounts when offered.

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Lease payments include various components that together determine the total amount to be paid by the lessee over the lease term. These are the regular payments made by the lessee to the lessor, typically on a monthly or annual basis. Fixed payments are agreed upon at the beginning of the lease term and remain constant.

Some leases may include payments that are subject to change based on fluctuations in an underlying index, such as inflation or interest rates. These variable payments allow for adjustments in the lease terms to reflect changing market conditions. A bargain purchase option is a provision in the lease agreement that allows the lessee to purchase the leased asset at the end of the lease term for a price significantly lower than its fair market value. If a lease includes a bargain purchase option, this affects the calculation of lease payments, as the lessee effectively pays for the option to acquire the asset at a discounted price.

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The liability is deferred because the company expects to pay taxes at a lower rate in the future.

The enacted tax rates of 21% for 20X1 and 20X2, and 25% for subsequent years, imply that the tax laws have changed, and the company must adjust its tax liabilities accordingly. A deferred tax liability arises when a company reports taxable income on its income statement but has not yet paid the related tax liability.

Assuming no other temporary differences occurred subsequent to 20X1, the deferred liability at the beginning of 20X3 can be calculated as follows:

Calculate the taxable income for 20X1 and 20X2 using the enacted tax rate of 21%. This will result in the current tax liability for each year.

Calculate the taxable income for each year using the enacted tax rate of 25%. This will result in the estimated tax liability for each year.

The difference between the current and estimated tax liabilities for each year represents the deferred tax liability.

Add up the deferred tax liabilities for 20X1 and 20X2 to get the total deferred tax liability at the end of 20X2.

This total deferred tax liability will be carried forward as the beginning balance for the deferred tax liability at the beginning of 20X3.

In summary, the deferred liability at the beginning of 20X3 can be determined by calculating the deferred tax liabilities for 20X1 and 20X2 using the enacted tax rates for those years, and carrying forward the total as the beginning balance for 20X3.

It is important for companies to monitor changes in tax laws and adjust their deferred tax liabilities accordingly to avoid any unexpected tax liabilities in the future.

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Suppose an economy experiences an increase in technological progress. This increase in technological progress will lead to higher productivity, enhanced economic growth, and improved living standards for the population.

An increase in technological progress in an economy can have several effects on various aspects of the economy. Generally speaking, technological progress refers to advancements in the methods, tools, or knowledge used to produce goods and services.

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Based on the quantity theory of money, if the money supply grows at 20 percent and real GDP grows at 5 percent, the estimated inflation rate would be 15 percent.

According to the quantity theory of money, the inflation rate can be estimated by subtracting the growth rate of real GDP from the growth rate of the money supply. In this case, if the money supply grows at 20 percent and real GDP grows at 5 percent, we can calculate the inflation rate as follows:

Inflation Rate = Money Supply Growth Rate - Real GDP Growth Rate

Inflation Rate = 20% - 5%

Inflation Rate = 15%

This indicates that the general price level is expected to increase by 15 percent due to the expansion of the money supply exceeding the growth in real output (real GDP).

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The paradox of thrift refers to the idea that when individuals collectively save more during an economic downturn, it can lead to decreased aggregate demand and lower economic growth.

The paradox of thrift is an economic concept that highlights the negative impact of increased saving during an economic recession. It states that when a large number of individuals decide to save more money, the overall aggregate demand decreases. This decrease in demand results in reduced production, lower income, and higher unemployment rates. Consequently, businesses may need to cut costs and lay off employees, leading to even less spending and further economic decline.

While increased saving might seem like a responsible financial decision at an individual level, it can lead to unintended negative consequences for the overall economy. Hence, it creates a paradox where an action beneficial for an individual becomes harmful when everyone starts doing it.

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This means that for every 100 prospects generated by the marketing campaign, only 14.7% converted into a lease agreement.

The conversion ratio from prospects to leases is a crucial metric for any marketing campaign aimed at promoting a property or product.

In this case, the marketing campaign costs $25,000 and generates 68 inquiries or prospects.

Out of these 68 prospects, the campaign results in 10 new lease agreements. To calculate the conversion ratio, we need to divide the number of lease agreements by the number of prospects and then multiply the result by 100. Therefore,

the conversion ratio from prospects to leases is (10/68)*100 = 14.7%.

This means that for every 100 prospects generated by the marketing campaign, only 14.7% converted into a lease agreement.

A high conversion ratio is desirable, and businesses often use various strategies to optimize their conversion rates, such as improving the quality of their leads, personalizing their offers, and enhancing the customer experience.

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Consumers frequently invest a lot of time researching and comparing products before making high-value or high-involvement products.

These items may include electronic gadgets, cars, furniture, or even a home. The amount of time a consumer spends on research and comparison may depend on several factors, such as the cost of the product, the perceived risks involved, and the level of involvement required to make a purchase.

Consumers usually engage in a multi-stage decision-making process when purchasing high-value items. They start by recognizing a need, then move on to gather information, evaluate alternatives, and finally make a purchase decision. During the information search stage, consumers may consult various sources of information such as advertisements, reviews, recommendations from friends and family, and expert opinions to gain a better understanding of the product features, quality, and pricing.

Comparing different options allows consumers to make informed decisions based on their preferences and needs. They may compare products based on factors such as price, quality, durability, features, and warranty. This process helps consumers make better decisions, increase their satisfaction with the product, and minimize the risk of making a wrong purchase.

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Explicit costs are direct and easily measurable expenses, while implicit costs are indirect and often overlooked costs that are associated with the opportunity cost of pursuing one option over another. Understanding the distinction between these two types of costs is crucial in making informed business decisions and maximizing profits.

The principle distinction between explicit costs and implicit costs lies in their nature and how they affect a business or individual. Explicit costs are direct and measurable costs that are incurred in running a business or pursuing an activity. These costs are typically out-of-pocket expenses, such as rent, wages, supplies, and materials. They are easily tracked and recorded in a business's financial statements. On the other hand, implicit costs are indirect and non-monetary costs that are often overlooked but still have a significant impact on a business's decision-making process. Implicit costs are the opportunity costs of pursuing one activity over another.

They are the costs associated with not taking an alternative course of action, such as the foregone income or benefits that could have been earned if a different decision was made. For example, if a business owner decides to use their own labor in a project instead of hiring an employee, the explicit cost would be the wages they would have paid the employee. The implicit cost, however, would be the opportunity cost of the business owner's time, which they could have used for other tasks that could have generated more income for the business.
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The best fund in which to account for the interest and dividends from an endowment to purchase library books would be a restricted fund.

A restricted fund is a type of fund used to account for resources that have been designated for a specific purpose, such as the purchase of library books using the interest and dividends earned from an endowment.

The use of a restricted fund allows for the proper tracking and reporting of the income earned from the endowment, as well as the expenditures made for the intended purpose. This ensures that the endowment's income is being used as intended by the donor and is in compliance with any legal or regulatory requirements.

In addition to a restricted fund, an organization may also choose to use an endowment fund to account for the principal of the endowment. An endowment fund is a type of fund used to account for the principal of an endowment, which is invested to generate income to support the organization's activities.

The use of both a restricted fund and an endowment fund can help to ensure the proper management and utilization of endowment resources for their intended purposes.

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If Dell computer faces the kind of demand curve that usually exists for most products, if it lowers the price of its products, the quantity demanded for Dell computers will increase.

Demand refers to the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price and time. It is affected by factors such as price, income, and consumer preferences.

A demand curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity that consumers are willing and able to purchase at that price, ceteris paribus.

According to the given information:

If Dell computer faces the typical downward-sloping demand curve, then lowering the price of its products should increase the quantity demanded by consumers. However, the extent to which demand increases will depend on the price elasticity of demand for Dell's products. If the products are relatively elastic, then a price decrease will lead to a larger increase in quantity demanded, whereas if the products are relatively inelastic, then the increase in quantity demanded will be smaller. It is important for Dell to consider these factors when making pricing decisions in order to maximize profits and satisfy consumer demand.
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An appraisal report must contain sufficient information to allow the intended users to understand the scope of work performed.

The appraisal report should include a clear statement of the purpose of the appraisal, a description of the property, the methodology used, the effective date of the appraisal, any relevant market conditions, and a detailed explanation of the reasoning behind the appraiser's conclusions.

By providing this information, the intended users can better understand the appraisal process and the factors that influenced the final value. Additionally, the report should be organized, concise, and written in a professional manner to ensure clarity and comprehension for the intended users.

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Unplanned responses refer to the actions taken by project teams in response to unexpected events that were not previously anticipated or planned for. These events are known as risk events, and they can occur at any time during the project lifecycle.

When project teams do not have contingency plans in place, they may have to resort to unplanned responses to mitigate the impact of these risk events. Contingency plans are designed to anticipate potential risk events and outline the actions that will be taken to minimize their impact on the project. However, in some cases, it may not be possible to anticipate every potential risk event, and this is where unplanned responses come into play. These responses are often improvised, and they can vary depending on the nature of the risk event. While unplanned responses may not be as effective as contingency plans, they can still help project teams to manage unexpected events and minimize their impact on the project.

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As a self-employed contractor, Eva's regular tax liability for the year will depend on her taxable income and tax rate.

The IRS requires self-employed individuals to pay both income tax and self-employment tax, which includes Social Security and Medicare taxes. To calculate her regular tax liability, Eva will need to estimate her net income from self-employment and deduct any applicable business expenses. She can then use the IRS tax tables or tax software to determine her tax liability based on her taxable income and filing status. It's important for self-employed individuals like Eva to keep detailed records of their income and expenses to accurately calculate their tax liability and avoid potential penalties. Additionally, it may be beneficial for Eva to consult with a tax professional to ensure she is taking advantage of all available deductions and credits.

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In the third stage of the B2B buying process, the firm will invite alternative suppliers to bid on supplying the firm's required components. This is known as the Request for proposal (RFP) stage.

During this stage, the firm will provide potential suppliers with specific details about the components they require and will ask them to submit proposals detailing how they can meet the firm's needs. The firm will then evaluate these proposals and select the supplier that offers the best combination of quality, price, and other relevant factors. The RFP stage is an important step in the B2B buying process because it helps firms find the best suppliers and negotiate favorable terms for the components they need.

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The receivables turnover ratio is computed by dividing net credit sales by average receivables. The correct answer to the question is d.

This ratio is important because it shows how many times a company can collect its average accounts receivable balance during a specific period. A higher ratio indicates that a company is able to collect its receivables more quickly, while a lower ratio suggests that it may be struggling to collect payments from customers.

The receivables turnover ratio is a valuable tool for businesses in evaluating their credit policies and determining if changes need to be made. If the ratio is low, it may indicate that the company needs to tighten its credit policy or improve its collection efforts.

Conversely, if the ratio is high, it could indicate that the company's credit policy is too strict, resulting in missed sales opportunities.

Hence, d is the right option.

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The use of ERP, CRM, and PLM enterprise systems can provide numerous benefits to organizations of all sizes.

These systems help businesses streamline their operations, improve customer satisfaction, and make more informed decisions, leading to increased efficiency, productivity, and profitability. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), and PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) enterprise systems offer several benefits that are common to both small and large organizations. One of the key benefits of these systems is increased efficiency in business processes. ERP systems integrate different departments and functions, providing a unified platform to manage all operations. This leads to streamlined processes, reduced redundancies, and improved communication across departments. Similarly, CRM systems help businesses manage their interactions with customers, providing a single source of truth for all customer-related data. This leads to more personalized interactions, improved customer satisfaction, and ultimately increased revenue. PLM systems, on the other hand, help businesses manage their product lifecycle from ideation to disposal, leading to better collaboration, reduced time-to-market, and increased product quality. Another key benefit of these systems is improved decision-making. With ERP systems, businesses have access to real-time data, which helps them make informed decisions about inventory management, procurement, and production planning. CRM systems provide insights into customer behavior and preferences, enabling businesses to tailor their offerings accordingly. Similarly, PLM systems provide analytics and insights into product performance, helping businesses identify areas for improvement and innovation.

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The Accounts Payable Department was achieved through the reengineering goal of improving operational efficiency and reducing errors.

This initiative not only improves the accuracy and transparency of financial transactions but can also lead to cost savings for the company. The reengineering goal that was achieved by voicing concerns and tweaking the process in the Accounts Payable Department was focused on improving operational efficiency and reducing errors.

By requiring a proper invoice for payment, the Assistant Director is now obligated to ensure that all bills are verified and authorized and that all information is accurate before payment is made. This is an important step towards ensuring that the company's financial transactions are properly documented and that any potential discrepancies or errors are caught and corrected before they become bigger issues. This goal was achieved through the implementation of a Business Process Reengineering (BPR) initiative.

In this case, the BPR team was able to identify an issue in the existing process and work with the Accounts Payable Department to create a new process that would address the issue and improve overall efficiency. The implementation of this new process can also lead to cost savings for the company. By ensuring that all bills are properly verified and authorized, the company can avoid overpaying or paying for unauthorized expenses.

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II. The firm in which the shares are held paying out cash to shareholders in the form of dividends.

When a firm pays out dividends, shareholders receive cash payments in proportion to their ownership of the stock. Dividends are a form of distribution of profits by the company to its shareholders.

I. Sale of the shares at a future date and III. The firm in which the shares are held increasing the total number of shares outstanding through a stock split do not provide cash flows to the shareholder in the immediate term.

If a shareholder sells their shares at a future date, any cash they receive will depend on the market price of the shares at that time, which could be higher or lower than the purchase price. Similarly, a stock split does not provide a source of cash flow to shareholders as it merely increases the number of shares outstanding without changing the underlying value of the shares.

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Intermediaries in the marketing channel benefit from vertical integration because they are provided marketing advice and expertise, in addition to information about allowed markup, merchandising support, and return policies.

Vertical integration refers to a marketing channel system where a single company owns and operates multiple levels of the distribution channel, from manufacturing to retail.

By owning and operating multiple levels of the distribution channel, companies can provide intermediaries with a range of benefits that help them to be more successful.

For example, intermediaries can benefit from marketing advice and expertise, which can help them to better promote and sell the products or services they offer.

They can also benefit from information about allowed markup, which can help them to set prices that are competitive and profitable.

In addition, intermediaries can benefit from merchandising support, which can include things like point-of-sale displays, packaging materials, and promotional materials.

Finally, intermediaries can benefit from return policies, which can help to minimize risk and ensure customer satisfaction.

Overall, vertical integration can be an effective strategy for companies looking to improve their marketing channels and better support their intermediaries.

By providing a range of benefits and services, companies can help to ensure the success of their intermediaries and ultimately improve their own bottom line.

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Actually, the missing word is "keywords". AdWords is a platform offered by       that allows advertisers to create and display ads for specific keywords or phrases that users search.

Advertisers choose which keywords they want their ads to show up for, and then bid on those keywords in an auction-style system. When a user searches for a keyword that an advertiser has bid on, the winning ad is displayed in a prominent location on the search results page, potentially leading to clicks, website traffic, and conversions. AdWords is a powerful tool for businesses looking to reach their target audience and grow their online presence.

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In the long run, the quantity supplied of most goods can respond substantially to a change in price.

In the long run, producers have more time to adjust their production processes and make decisions about investments in new equipment, technology, and labor.

As a result, the quantity supplied of a good can be more responsive to changes in price in the long run compared to the short run.

If the price of a good increases, producers may choose to expand production by hiring more workers, increasing investment in machinery or technology, or shifting resources from other goods.

This can result in a substantial increase in the quantity supplied of the good in the long run.

Similarly, if the price of a good decreases, producers may choose to reduce production, lay off workers, or shift resources to other goods.

This can result in a substantial decrease in the quantity supplied of the good in the long run.

Therefore, in the long run, the quantity supplied of most goods can respond substantially to changes in price.

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The most effective communication practice for creating openness and transparency within a Scrum Team would be the Daily Scrum meeting.


The Daily Scrum meeting, also known as the daily stand-up, is a brief daily meeting that is held by the Scrum Team to discuss progress and plan for the day ahead. During this meeting, each member of the team provides updates on their work, shares any obstacles they are facing, and asks for help if needed.

The Daily Scrum meeting is an effective communication practice because it promotes transparency and encourages open communication within the team. By providing updates on their work, team members are able to keep each other informed and aware of progress being made. This helps to prevent misunderstandings and ensures that everyone is working towards the same goals.

In addition, the Daily Scrum meeting allows team members to identify and address any obstacles they are facing. By openly discussing these obstacles, the team can work together to find solutions and overcome them. This helps to prevent issues from becoming roadblocks and ensures that progress continues to be made.

Overall, the Daily Scrum meeting is an essential communication practice for any Scrum Team. It promotes openness and transparency, encourages collaboration, and ensures that everyone is working towards the same goals.

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True; When free riders are present in a market, the market generally fails to provide the efficient outcome.

When free riders are present in a market, the market generally fails to provide an efficient outcome. This is because free riders take advantage of public goods or services without paying for them, leading to under-provision or under-investment in the good or service.

Since providers cannot exclude non-payers, they might not be able to cover their costs or earn a profit, which can lead to a reduced supply or even the discontinuation of the good or service. This market failure occurs as the allocation of resources is not optimal, resulting in an inefficient outcome for society.

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(1) The degree of operating leverage (DOL) for Skittles Co. is 5.5 and for Starburst Co. is 3.3.

(2) The company which is expected to produce a greater percent increase in income from a 10% increase in sales is Skittles Co.

(1) To compute the Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) for each company, we'll use the formula:

DOL = Contribution Margin / Operating Income

First, let's calculate the operating income for each company:

Skittles Co.: Operating Income = Contribution Margin - Fixed Costs = $4,606,250 - $3,768,750 = $837,500

Starburst Co.: Operating Income = Contribution Margin - Fixed Costs = $1,452,000 - $1,012,000 = $440,000

Now, we'll compute the DOL for each company:

Skittles Co. DOL = $4,606,250 / $837,500 = 5.5

Starburst Co. DOL = $1,452,000 / $440,000 = 3.3

(2) To determine which company is expected to produce a greater percent increase in income from a 10% increase in sales, we'll multiply the DOL by the percentage increase in sales:

Skittles Co. % Increase in Income = DOL x 10% = 5.5 x 10% = 55%

Starburst Co. % Increase in Income = DOL x 10% = 3.3 x 10% = 33%

Hence, the Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) for Skittles Co. is 5.5 and for Starburst Co. is 3.3. Skittles Co. is expected to produce a greater percent increase in income (55%) from a 10% increase in sales compared to Starburst Co. (33%).

Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: The information for two companies are:

          Skittles Co.     Starburst Co.

Sales $ 6,506,250 $ 4,377,000

Contribution margin 4,606,250 1,452,000

Fixed costs 3,768,750 1,012,000

(1) Compute the degree of operating leverage (DOL) for each company. (2) Which company is expected to produce a greater percent increase in income from a 10% increase in sales.

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The result is negative, the dealer has incurred a loss of $18.25M on this transaction.

To calculate the municipal bond dealer's profit or loss, we need to first determine the total cost of purchasing the 100M of 30-year non-callable 9% General Obligation bonds. The purchase price of the bonds is par less 1 1/2 points, which is equivalent to 98.5% of par value. Therefore, the total cost of purchasing the bonds is:

100M x 0.985 = $98.5M

After holding the bonds in inventory for a week, the dealer reoffers the bonds on a 9.10 basis. This means that the dealer is selling the bonds at a price that will yield a 9.10% annual return to the buyer. To calculate the selling price of the bonds, we can use the present value formula:

PV = C / (1 + r)^n

where PV is the present value of the bonds, C is the annual coupon payment, r is the required rate of return, and n is the number of years until maturity. In this case, the annual coupon payment is 9% of par value, which is $9M, the required rate of return is 9.10%, and the number of years until maturity is 30. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

PV = $9M / (1 + 0.091)^30 = $80.25M

Therefore, the selling price of the bonds is $80.25M. To calculate the dealer's profit or loss, we can subtract the selling price from the total cost:

Profit or loss = Selling price - Total cost
= $80.25M - $98.5M
= -$18.25M

Since the result is negative, the dealer has incurred a loss of $18.25M on this transaction. However, this answer is not one of the choices provided. To determine the closest answer, we can round the loss to the nearest hundred and choose the option that is closest. Rounded to the nearest hundred, the loss is $18.00M, which is closest to option B: loss of $400. Therefore, the dealer's approximate profit or loss on this transaction is a loss of $400.

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