The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction has several limitations. One of the main limitations is that alkyl halides are required for the reaction to take place.
This can be problematic because alkyl halides can be expensive and difficult to obtain in high purity. Additionally, the reaction can also be limited by steric hindrance, which can prevent the alkylating agent from accessing the aromatic ring. Furthermore, the reaction is prone to side reactions such as over-alkylation and rearrangement, which can reduce the yield and selectivity of the desired product. Finally, the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction is limited to certain types of aromatic compounds, as not all aromatic compounds are reactive under the reaction conditions.
During Friedel-Crafts alkylation, carbocations can undergo rearrangements, such as hydride or alkyl shifts, which can lead to undesired products. These rearrangements occur due to the instability of certain carbocations and their tendency to rearrange into more stable forms.
In summary, the limitations of Friedel-Crafts alkylation's include the requirement of alkyl halides, the possibility of carbocation rearrangements, over-alkylation, and limitations related to deactivated and sterically hindered aromatic rings.
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How does the chemical formula for the sulfite ion differ from the chemical formula for the sulfate ion?
O sulfite contains 2 oxygens and sulfate contains 3 oxygens
O sulfite contains 3 oxygens and sulfate contains 2 oxygens
O sulfite contains 3 oxygens and sulfate contains 4 oxygens
O sulfite contains 4 oxygens and sulfate contains 3 oxygens
Answer:
Sulfite contains 3 oxygens and sulfate contains 4 oxygens
Explanation:
thermal pollution is when the temperature of a body of water is increased due to warmer water being added.
true or false
Answer:
true
Explanation: pull in relatively cool water to cool their machinery and let the relatively warm water flow back into the river or lake or sea. ... Water on hot paved surfaces gets hot, then runs off into nearby bodies of water, raising the water temperature
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Heat is classified as is classified as a water pollutant when it is caused by heated industrial effluents or from anthropogenic (human) alterations of stream bank vegetation that increase the water system temperatures due to solar radiation.
Hope that helps
list 10 uses of composite
Aerospace
Thermoset composites are being specified for wings, fuselages, bulkheads, and other applications in commercial, civilian and military aerospace applications.
Appliance/Business
Thermoset composite are being used in frames, equipment panels, handles and trims in appliances, power tools, business equipment and many other applications.
Thermoset composites for the appliance industry are used in washers, dryers, refrigerators, freezers, ranges, ovens, dishwashers for components that include control panels, handles, knobs, vent trims, side trims, motor housings, kick plates and many others.
Automotive/Transportation/Farm/Construction
Composites are now being used in vehicle and equipment applications, including, panels, frames, interior components and other parts.
Civil Infrastructure
Some composite infrastructure applications include buildings, roads, bridges and pilings.
Construction
Thermoset composites are replacing many traditional materials for home and offices architectural components including fixtures, doors, wall panels, roofing, window frames, moulding, vanity sinks, shower stalls and even swimming pools.
Corrosive Environments
Composites are ideal for applications in corrosive environments, such as chemical processing plants, pulp and paper converting, oil and gas refineries and water treatment facilities. Common applications include fans, grating, tanks, ducts, hoods, pumps and cabinets.
Electrical
With strong dielectric properties including arc and track resistance, Thermoset components include substation equipment, microwave antennas, standoffs and pole line hardware and printed wiring boards. Applications and components include switchgear, motor controls, standoff insulators, control system components, circuit breakers, arc chutes, arc shields, terminal blocks, terminal boards, metering devices, bus supports and lighting components.
Marine
With their corrosion resistance and light-weighting attributes, Marine composite applications include boat hulls, bulkheads and other components for military, commercial and recreational boats and ships.
How many atoms are in 2.54 mole O?
Answer: 1.505 * 10^24 atoms
========================================================
Work Shown:
1 mole = 6.02 * 10^23 atoms
2.5*(1 mole) = 2.5*(6.02 * 10^23 atoms)
2.5 moles = (2.5*6.02) * 10^23 atoms
2.5 moles = (15.05) * 10^23 atoms
2.5 moles = (1.505 * 10^1) * 10^23 atoms
2.5 moles = 1.505 * (10^1*10^23) atoms
2.5 moles = 1.505 * 10^(1+23) atoms
2.5 moles = 1.505 * 10^24 atoms
This is true for any element. This value is an approximation since there are roughly 6.02 * 10^23 atoms in 1 mole of any element.
meantion the two groups of mineralsalts and their two examples (each)
Answer:
sodium example salt and soy sauce
potassium example meat milk fresh fruits
What property allows objects to be subject to gravity?
friction
mass
inertia
acceleration
Answer:
Mass
Explanation:
19)
Why are unique atomic spectra produced by different elements?
Each element... A. Has only one kind of atom B. Has only one kind of molecule C. Is made of rock D. All of the above
Answer:
A. Has only one kind of atom
Explanation:
All forms of matter are composed of elements.
An element is a substance which cannot be broken down into simpler units or converted into other substances by ordinary chemical reactions. Each element is composed of only one kind of atoms which are unique to each element. There are three fundamental sub-particles present in atoms of elements; these are: protons, electrons and neutrons. An atom of an element differs from an atom of another element by its atomic number. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons present in the nucleus of the atom of that element. For example, hydrogen atoms has an atomic number of 1, while sodium atoms has an atomic umber of 11.
Atoms of the same element or different elements may combine together to form the molecules of a substance. For example, a molecule of hydrogen gas is made up of two atoms of hydrogen whereas a molecule of water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen.
Elements can exist in any of the three physical states: solids, liquids or gases. For example, hydrogen exists as gas, mercury as a liquid, while gold exists as a solid.
How do plants get their food molecules??
Answer:
Photosynthesis
Explanation:
Plants get energy/food molecules from a process called Photosynthesis
Steps Of Photosynth's -
The Reactants collect in the chloroplast. ( Carbon Dioxide, Water, Energy ) Light Energy from the sun drives Chemical Reactions.The Reactants Include glucose and oxygen which is released into the air.
Hope This Helps!
-Aslina <3
Each cell in an organism contains a set of hereditary information that gets passed from one generation to the next. The genes in all organisms contain instructions needed to make offspring. Which statement describes
heredity in animals?
A Offspring show recessive traits only.
B Offspring receive genetic traits from a single parent only.
C Offspring receive genes with traits that are always physically observable.
D Offspring receive genes from each parent, which contribute to the traits in the offspring.
please help
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Offspring receive genes from both parents, they don't always have a recessive or dominant train but if they do have a dominant trait, it will always show while the recessive will only show if there is no dominant trait. For example: DD, Dr, and rr (D= dominant r = recessive)
Answer:D
Explanation:
i did this one too and it’s right
A chemical ____ is a force of attraction between atoms or
ions that share or transfer valence electrons.
A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms or ions that share or transfer valence electrons.
The melting point of oxygen is -218°C and its boiling point is -183°C. What is the state of oxygen at -200°C?Immersive Reader
it is in a liquid state
Explanation:
what is the meaning of magnification?
i need help please!
Answer:
the action of magnifying something or the process of being magnified
Answer:
1 : the act of magnifying. 2a : the state of being magnified. b : the apparent enlargement of an object by an optical instrument. — called also power
18.The Halogen family of elements all have 7 valence electrons. Which column would they be in?
a.01 (IA)
b.02 (IIA)
c.4 (IVA) or 14
d.7 (VIIA) or 17
Look at the image below:
Mid ocean ridge
Sea Level
Celing Tin
Marine Sediment
Oceanhatsak/bero) 57 kr
pug
NOOP
thospheremantle Plazburite)
0 Ops
FR00130 kn
asthenosphere mantie
peridotite)
What type of plate boundary is shown here?
convergent
divergent
transform
Answer:
divergent is when plates move apart from each other
Answer:
thats also divergent
you sent the same picture twice
Q.1 Name the following:
1. A crystalline allotrope of carbon built up from a hexagonal unit.
2. An allotrope of carbon used for the manufacture of coke.
3. An amorphous allotrope of carbon which floats on water.
4. An acid formed when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water under pressure.
5. The gaseous product obtained when carbon monoxide is passed over heated iron (III) oxide.
Answer:
Sorry, i also don't know the answer to this.
28 grams of Al react with 30 Oxygen gas (O2) to produce Al Oxide (Al2O3). How many grams of Al Oxide will be produced
Answer:
58
Explanation:
Due to conservation of energy, the sum of the reactants = the sum of the products. So 28 + 30 = 58g
How many hydrogen ATOMS are needed to produce 2 water (H2O) molecules? HINT: ATOMS not molecules
Answer:
Just 4...
Explanation:
There are 2 hydrogen atoms in 1 water molecule, so in 2 water molecules would have 4 hydrogen atoms.
*booyah*
If 3.68 grams of zinc were allowed to react with excess hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas, how much zinc chloride should be produced?
Suppose that 7.12 grams of zinc chloride is actually recovered, what is the per cent yield?
Answer:
Here... Since there is excess HCl, you know the Zinc will be the limiting reagent. I was able to create the reaction equation based on the info you gave: Z + 2HCl ----> ZCl2 +2H. Now, in order to find the theoretical yield of ZCl, you need to convert Zinc from grams to moles. Do this by dividing by its molar mass (65.38), thus: 3.68 (g) / 65.38 (g/mol) = 0.056286... moles.
Now, using the balanced equation we made earlier, we see that 1 mole of Zinc creates 1 mole of ZCl2. Thus our ratio is 1:1. This makes the next step easy. Since it is 1:1, we multiply the number of moles we have of Zinc (0.056286...) by the number of moles it will create of ZCl (1). (0.056286)(1) = 0.056286 moles ZCl. Now convert this to grams by multiplying by its molar mass (136.28) and you get 7.67 grams. This is your theoretical yield. The percent yield is found by dividing the actual amount obtained (7.12 g.) by the theoretical yield (7.67 g.) then multiply that by 100%. When this is done, your Percent Yield is about 92.8%
The highest pressure ever produced in a laboratory setting was about 2.0 x 10 6 atm. If we have a
1.0 x 10 -5 liter sample of a gas at that pressure, then release the pressure until it is equal to 0.275 atm,
what would the new volume of that gas be?
Answer:
Volume = 72.7272
Explanation:
if only pressure and volume change, then we can do some simple math to find the answer.
2 x 10 ^ 6 times 1 x 10 ^-5 = 20
pressure and volume must equal 20
20 = 0.275 x volume
20 / 0.275 = new volume
I don't remember significant digits but your volume is 72.72727272 just repeated
If we have a 1.0 x 10 -5 liter sample of a gas at that pressure, then release the pressure until it is equal to 0.275 atm, the new volume will be 72.7272
What is Volume?Volume is the space occupied by a three-dimensional object.
By the Boyle's law
[tex]\rm P_1V_2= P_1V_2[/tex]
P1 (initial pressure) = [tex]2.0 \times10^6 atm[/tex]
V1 (initial volume) = [tex]1.0 \times10^-5 L[/tex]
P2 (final pressure) = 0.275 atm
V2 (final volume) = ? (in L)
Putting the values in the equation
[tex]\rm 2.0 \times10^6 atm \times 1.0 \times10^-5 L = 0.275 atm \times V_2\\\\V_2 = \dfrac{20}{0.275} = 72.72 L[/tex]
Thus, the volume is 72.72 L.
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Collision of which two types of plates create the deepest earthquakes? Why do you think this is?
Answer:
The collision of oceanic plates and any other plates in which the oceanic plate slides beneath the other plate creates the biggest earth quakes. Most of these earth quakes occur beneath the sea or oceans and can cause volcanic eruptions as well. Tsunami is another oceanic event that occurs due to earth quakes occurring due to shifting of plates beneath the sea.
When the equation Al2(SO4)3 + NaOH + Al(OH)3 + Na2SO4 is correctly balanced, what is the coefficient of Al(OH)3?
If we had 79.3 grams of Xe, would we expect a volume that is
greater than or less than that obtained with neon?
a
Greater than
b Equal
с
Less than
Answer:less than
Explanation:
If we had 79.3 grams of Xe, we would expect a volume that is less than obtained with neon. So, the correct option is (C).
What is Density?Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance. The most commonly used symbol for density is ρ, although the Latin letter d can also be used. Density is defined as mass divided by volume:
[tex]{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}}}[/tex]
where ρ is density,
m is mass, and
V is volume.
The mass contained per unit volume of an object is known as density. where the SI unit of density is kilogram per cubic meter [tex](kg/m^3).[/tex] Density is inversely proportional to volume, so the density of Xenon is [tex]5.894 kg/m^3[/tex] while the density of neon is 0.89994 kg/m³. So, if density is more than volume will be less and vice versa. In this case, density of Xenon is more as compare to neon so, the volume of neon will be more.
Thus, if we had 79.3 grams of Xe, we would expect a volume that is less than obtained with neon. So, the correct option is (C).
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Which change will cause gravitational force between and a soccer ball to increase?
Answer:
Moving the balls closer together. The distance decreases and force increases.
should we learn chemical kinetic derivation
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
It is important to learn about in science
Answer : Yes
Explanation:
One reason for the importance of kinetics is that it provides evidence for the mechanisms of chemical processes. Besides being of intrinsic scientific interest, knowledge of reaction mechanisms is of practical use in deciding what is the most effective way of causing a reaction to occur.
Pliss help
A)random change
B)natural selection
C) artificial selection
D)inbreeding
And why
Answer: I believe it is artificial selection (not certain though)
Explanation: modern day dogs have been bread an domesticated to be used by humans in ways we see fit.
You arrive at English class 45 seconds after leaving math which is 100
meters away. How fast did you travel?
Answer:
4.97097
Explanation:
You traveled 4.97097 mph.
If you know the atomic number and the mass number of an atom of any element, you can determine the atom's composition.
A:True
B:False
True. i hope its correct, have a good day. stay happy and stay safe
Answer:
A:true
Explanation:
The number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom can be determined from a set of simple rules.
Microscope Structure and Function Worksheet
Pdf
Pls match the letters according to the numbers
Pls answer for 25points
Pls do them correctly
HELP PLS PLS PLSSSS
Energy is converted from kinetic energy to potential energy when you
ski down a hill.
climb a mountain.
run around a track.
sit at a desk in physics class
Answer:
CLIMB A MOUTAIN
Explanation:
B