Carbon and Nitrogen are present as the central atoms in CH3NH2. Carbon forms sigma bonds with Nitrogen and three surrounding Hydrogen atoms.
Indicate the hybridization about each interior atom?The carbon atom acquires an sp3 hybridization state as a result. With the nearby atoms, nitrogen forms three sigma bonds. Methanamine is the substance mentioned. The inner atoms of the given molecule are carbon and nitrogen. To determine whether carbon and nitrogen are hybridised, we must first write down their electrical configurations.
The electrical configuration of carbon is and its atomic number is six. of one s orbital and three p orbitals. All four of the hybrid orbitals are used for bonding.
Carbon has undergone sp3 hybridization as a result. Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven and an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p3. One s orbital and three p orbitals combine to generate four through hybridization.
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The engineering process defines the steps engineers take to create
technology. Which of these describes these steps in the correct order?
A. Identifying a need, researching the background of that need,
making a plan to meet the need, doing the work, evaluating the
results, looking for improvements
B. Identifying a problem, making a solution, testing the solution,
mass production, making improvements
C. Identifying a problem, testing various solutions, researching side
effects of each solution, choosing a solution, looking to improve
the solution, planning how to test the solution
OD. Identifying a problem, brainstorming solutions, researching the
background of each solution, testing solutions, choosing a
solution, production, making future improvements
The steps in the engineering process in order is D. Identifying a problem, brainstorming solutions, researching the background of each solution, testing solutions, choosing a solution, production, making future improvements.
What are the steps of the engineering process ?The initial step involves recognizing the predicament that requires resolution. One may achieve this through collaborating with fellow engineers, consulting customers, or conducting studies. After recognizing the issue at hand, the subsequent course of action involves generating ideas or solutions to address it. One way to achieve this is to generate a large number of ideas.
The subsequent phase necessitates the experimentation of potential answers. To achieve this, one must take into account both the outcomes of the assessments and the advantages and disadvantages associated with every proposed resolution. The subsequent action entails generating the resolution. One way to accomplish this is to create a prototype, while another is to manufacture the solution in large quantities. The last stage involves enhancing forthcoming developments.
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Which type of mutation has no effect on protein function?
A silent mutation is a type of mutation that has no effect on protein function. This is because the mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein.
What is silent mutations ?Silent mutations can happen when a single base pair in the DNA is altered without changing the amino acid that the codon is meant to encode. For instance, a silent mutation could turn the initial G in the codon for the amino acid alanine from GCG to A, creating the codon GCA. The function of the protein is unaffected since the codon GCA still codes for the amino acid alanine.
The most frequent sort of mutation is a silent mutation, which can be brought on by a number of things, including mistakes in DNA replication, contact with environmental mutagens, and random chance. Silent mutations typically have no detrimental effects on the organism.
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3. 7.5 g of hydrochloric acid react with 6.5g of zinc to produce
hydrogen gas and zinc chloride. Write the equation below,
balance it, and then determine the grams of hydrogen gas
produced by each reactant,
0.4141 grams of hydrogen gas will be produced from the reaction.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and zinc (Zn) can be written as follows:
2 HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2
To determine the grams of hydrogen gas produced by each reactant, we need to use the concept of stoichiometry. First, we calculate the number of moles of each reactant.
The molar mass of HCl is approximately 36.5 g/mol, and the molar mass of Zn is approximately 65.4 g/mol.
For hydrochloric acid (HCl):
Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass = 7.5 g / 36.5 g/mol = 0.205 moles
For zinc (Zn):
Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass = 6.5 g / 65.4 g/mol = 0.0993 moles
According to the balanced equation, the mole ratio between HCl and H2 is 2:1. Therefore, for 0.205 moles of HCl, the theoretical yield of H2 is 0.205 moles.
The molar mass of hydrogen gas (H2) is approximately 2.02 g/mol.
To determine the mass of hydrogen gas produced:
Mass of H2 = Number of moles of H2 × Molar mass of H2
= 0.205 moles × 2.02 g/mol
= 0.4141 g
Therefore, 0.4141 grams of hydrogen gas will be produced from the reaction.
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What are the concentration of aluminium and sulfate in a 3.0M solution of aluminum sulfate
The concentration of aluminum in the solution is 6.0M, and the concentration of sulfate is 9.0M.
In a 3.0M solution of aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), the concentration of aluminum and sulfate can be determined by considering the stoichiometry of the compound.
From the chemical formula, we can see that one molecule of aluminum sulfate contains two aluminum ions (Al3+) and three sulfate ions (SO4^2-).
The concentration of aluminum can be calculated by multiplying the molarity of the solution by the number of moles of aluminum ions in one molecule of aluminum sulfate. The concentration of aluminum would be:
Concentration of aluminum = 2 x 3.0M = 6.0M
Therefore, the concentration of aluminum in the 3.0M solution of aluminum sulfate is 6.0M.
Similarly, the concentration of sulfate can be calculated by multiplying the molarity of the solution by the number of moles of sulfate ions in one molecule of aluminum sulfate. The concentration of sulfate would be:
Concentration of sulfate = 3 x 3.0M = 9.0M
Therefore, the concentration of sulfate in the 3.0M solution of aluminum sulfate is 9.0M.
In summary, the concentration of aluminum in the solution is 6.0M, and the concentration of sulfate is 9.0M.
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Question 6
How many moles of carbon is found in 98.22g of carbon?
Answer:8.18 moles C
Explanation:
98.22g x 1 mole C/ 12.011g = 8.18 moles C
even though the glass apparatus are broken, but we still use them in the laboratory why? explain by 3 points
The majority of laboratory equipment is constructed of glass, since it is an easy-to-clean material and allows for good vision. The majority of the chemicals used in studies don't react with it.
The fact that glass equipment is transparent, which enables researchers to easily monitor the chemical reactions and physical changes occurring within, is one of its main advantages.
This is especially crucial in investigations when the reaction's color or appearance is crucial to comprehending the underlying chemistry. The majority of the chemicals used in studies don't react with it.
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Compare and contrast the use of fossil fuels and wind energy. (1 point) Both fossil fuels and wind energy can be used to produce electricity. However, burning fossil fuels does not pollute the atmosphere, while using Earth's wind does. O Both fossil fuels and wind energy contribute negatively to climate change. However, mining for fossil fuels is much more damaging to the environment than using wind power. Both fossil fuels and wind energy can be used to produce electricity. However, wind energy does not pollute the atmosphere, while burning fossil fuels does. Both fossil fuels and wind energy contribute negatively to climate change. However, using Earth's wind for energy is much more damaging to the environment than using fossil fuels.
Answer:
The Answer will be provided below, please pay attention in class next time so that you don't have to be in a hurry like you are in now.
Explanation: The correct option is:
Both fossil fuels and wind energy can be used to produce electricity. However, burning fossil fuels does pollute the atmosphere, while using Earth's wind does not. Both fossil fuels and wind energy contribute to climate change, but the use of fossil fuels is much more damaging to the environment than the use of wind power.
Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that are formed over millions of years by the decomposition of organic matter. They release harmful greenhouse gases when burned, contributing to climate change. In contrast, wind energy is a renewable source of energy that uses turbines to harvest the power of wind. Wind energy does not produce any emissions, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. While wind turbines can have some impacts on wildlife and habitats, the impact is much less severe than the effects of fossil fuel extraction and burning.
Added Part: Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that are derived from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These sources include coal, oil, and natural gas. Wind energy, on the other hand, is a renewable source of energy that is generated by the kinetic energy of wind.
Here are some comparisons between fossil fuels and wind energy:
Environmental Impact: Fossil fuels have a significant negative impact on the environment. Burning fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. The extraction of fossil fuels also has negative impacts on the air, water, and soil. Wind energy, however, has a very small environmental footprint. Wind turbines do not produce any emissions and do not require any water to generate electricity.
Energy Availability: Fossil fuels are abundant and have been the primary source of energy for decades. On the other hand, wind energy is a relatively new source of energy and the technology is still developing. However, the availability of wind energy is significant, as wind is a renewable source that is constantly available.
Sustainability: Fossil fuels are non-renewable, which means they will eventually run out. As the demand for energy continues to increase, the availability of fossil fuels will decrease. Wind energy is a renewable source of energy that will never run out.
Here are some pros and cons of both fossil fuels and wind energy:
Fossil Fuels:
Pros:
Reliable source of energy
High energy density
Large global infrastructure
Cons:
Non-renewable source of energy
Significant environmental impact
Price instability
Wind Energy:
Pros:
Renewable source of energy
Small environmental footprint
Low operating costs
Cons:
High initial costs for building wind turbines
Wind is an inconsistent source of energy
Can create noise pollution for surrounding communities
What is the pH of a solution that has a [OH-] concentration equal to 1.36 × 10-10 M?
4.13
O 9.89
7.00
O 5.00
Answer:
Explanation:
pOH = -log1.36 X 10^-10 = 9.87
pH = 14-pOH = 14-8.97 = 5.03
The volume of a sample of gas is 2.00 L when the temperature is 111C. While
the pressure remains constant the temperature is changed to a new value
which causes the volume to become 3.00L What was the temperature changed
to?
Answer:
Explanation:
Charles Law
V1/T1 = V2/T2
T2= T1V2/V1 = 384.15 X 3/2=576.23K or 303.08 Celsius
11. The pH values of some solutions are given below pH 14.0 1.0 L 8.0 N 6.5 n P 7.0 Solution M Z (a) Identify the solution with the lowest concentration of hydrogen ion. Give reason for your (1mk) answer
Answer: 14.0
Explanation: 14.0 is a base. The more basic, the less hydrogen ion concentration.
A sample of argon has a volume of 1.20 L at STP. If the temperature is increased to 28.0 °C and the pressure is lowered to 0.800 atm, what will the new volume be, in L?
The new volume of the sample of argon, in L, will be 1.43 L.
At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), the temperature is 0 °C (273 K) and the pressure is 1 atm. Therefore, the initial conditions can be expressed as:
T1 = 273 K
P1 = 1 atm
V1 = 1.20 L
To find the new volume, we can use the combined gas law:
(P1V1) / T1 = (P2V2) / T2
We can rearrange this equation to solve for V2:
V2 = (P1V1T2) / (P2T1)
Substituting the given values, we get:
V2 = (1 atm x 1.20 L x 301 K) / (0.800 atm x 273 K)
V2 = 1.43 L
At a temperature of 28.0 °C and a pressure of 0.800 atm, the new volume of the argon sample is 1.43 L.
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20/ The IUPAC name of (CH3)3 CCH₂COOH is:- A/ 3, 3-dimethyl butanoic acid B/ 3-methyl pentanoic acid C/ Hexanoic acid D/2, 3-dimethyl butanoic acid
Answer:
I guess correct option is A.
An isomer of C3H7O undergoes one step oxidation reaction. Answer the following questions due to this reaction.
a) Write a full symbol equation for this reaction.b) Name the proper reagent and catalyst for this reaction.c) Why do you think there is no need to remove the product from the reaction vessel?
Answer:
C3H7O + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Explanation:
a) The full symbol equation for the oxidation reaction of an isomer of C3H7O can be represented as:
C3H7O + O2 → CO2 + H2O
b) The proper reagent for this oxidation reaction is O2 (oxygen gas). The catalyst required for this reaction depends on the specific conditions. Common catalysts used for oxidation reactions include transition metals such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), or copper (Cu).
c) There is no need to remove the product (CO2 and H2O) from the reaction vessel because they are typically in the gas or liquid phase and do not significantly interfere with the reaction. The product gases can be easily vented out of the vessel, while the liquid water can be left in the reaction mixture. Additionally, the product CO2 is a stable and inert gas, which does not pose any hazards in most cases. Therefore, it is often not necessary to remove the products after the reaction is complete.
What is the energy of light with a wavelength of 589 nm? (The speed of light
in a vacuum is 3.00 × 108 m/s, and Planck's constant is 6.626 × 10-34 J.s.)
The energy of light with a wavelength of 589 nm is approximately 3.36 × 10^(-19) Joules.
To calculate the energy of light, we can use the equation E = hc/λ, where E represents the energy, h is Planck's constant (6.626 × 10^(-34) J·s), c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.00 × 10^8 m/s), and λ is the wavelength of light.
Given that the wavelength is 589 nm (which is equivalent to 589 × 10^(-9) m), we can substitute the values into the equation:
E = (6.626 × 10^(-34) J·s × 3.00 × 10^8 m/s) / (589 × 10^(-9) m)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
E = (1.9778 × 10^(-25) J·m) / (5.89 × 10^(-7) m)
Dividing these values, we find:
E ≈ 3.36 × 10^(-19) J
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Which of the following compounds contain sterogenic centres (stereocentres)?
The compound that contains sterogenic centre is the 1,3,4-trichloropentane. That is option F.
What are sterogenic centres of a compound?Sterogenic centers are found in compounds where a carbon atom share four bonds to the carbon atom with each to different elements or functional groups.
From the list of example given above, the carbon atom of which Ch the second chloride is attached to is sharing bonds with carbon, hydrogen, chloride and another carbon.
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URGENT HELP
Which of the following experimental plans will test the effects of pressure on a reaction with gases and what is
the expected result?
A Keep temperature constant and increase the pressure of the reaction; reaction rate will increase.
B Keep pressure constant and increase the temperature of the reaction; reaction rate will decrease.
C Keep temperature constant and decrease the pressure of the reaction; reaction rate will increase.
D Keep pressure constant and decrease the temperature of the reaction; reaction rate will increase.
Keep temperature constant and increase the pressure of the reaction; reaction rate will increase.
option A.
What is Boyle's law?Boyle's law states that pressure of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its volume provided, temperature of the gas is kept constant.
Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish an equilibrium.
So the experimental plans that will test the effects of pressure on a reaction with gases and its expected result is keep temperature constant and increase the pressure of the reaction; reaction rate will increase.
Thus, option A is the correct answer.
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Which term names an icy object that orbits the sun and has a tail?
meteorite
comet
meteor
asteroid
Answer:
Comets are small, icy objects that have very elliptical orbits. When they are close to the Sun, they form comas and tails, which glow and make the comet more visible.
Explanation:
Hope This Helps!!
(brainliest please, if possible)
Answer:
comet's
Explanation:
what the other user said
Draw a pie chart to illustrate the relative proportions of protein, carbohydrates fats and fiber of this 100 g of cereal
According to the information, we can infer that the pie chart shows 1/8 of its surface corresponding to protein and fat, 1/2 would be carbohydrates and 1/4 would be fibers.
How to draw a pie chart with the information from the nutritional table?To draw a pie chart with the information from the nutritional table, we must take into account that the portions in grams are given with respect to a quantity of 100g of food. Therefore, if it says that it has 12.5g, it is equal to 12.5% of its content. Then we can infer that each grammage is equal to the percentage of that compound in the food.
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3. The XIT Ranch is located in the
Panhandle ecoregion of Texas. After a
very cold winter, the vaqueros of the XIT
Ranch found that several new cracks had
opened in the landscape. What type of
weathering occurred at the XIT Ranch?
O
O
CLEAR ALL
frost wedging
ADD NOT
thigmotropism
oxidation
acid rain
The type of weathering that occurred at the XIT Ranch after a very cold winter causing new cracks in the landscape is frost wedging. From 1885 to 1912, the Texas Panhandle's XIT Ranch served as a cattle ranch.
The ranch was one of the largest in the world at the time, with an original area of over 3 million acres. It was established as a joint venture between the state of Texas and Capital Syndicate, a group of Chicago-based businessmen. The ranch had a tremendous influence on the history of the American West, and Texas continues to be influenced by it today.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
The XIT Ranch is located in the Panhandle ecoregion of Texas. After a very cold winter, the vaqueros of the XIT Ranch found that several new cracks had opened in the landscape. What type of weathering occurred at the XIT Ranch?
frost wedgingthigmotropismoxidationacid rainTrue or False Polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors of other molecules.
Dietary fats include polyunsaturated fat. Along with monounsaturated fat, it is one of the good fats. Foods like salmon, vegetable oils, and other plant- and animal-based foods include polyunsaturated fat. They act as precursors of other molecules. The given statement is true.
Precursors of eicosanoids with hormone-like properties including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
Dihomo-linolenic acid (DGLA), arachidonic acid (AA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are the three precursors that prostaglandins can be formed from. Depending on the precursor, series 1, 2, or 3 prostanoids is produced.
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Which of the following is a true statement about the Earths tectonic plates?
Answer:
Pretty sure it's C
Explanation:
6 Give five is appliedays in which these heat transfer in our everyday life
Heat transfer plays a crucial role in various aspects of our everyday lives. Here are five examples of how heat transfer occurs in our daily activities:
Cooking; Cooling; Central Heating; Ironing; Showering
Cooking: Heat is transferred from a stove or an oven to the cooking utensils and food. Conduction occurs when the heat is transferred through direct contact between the heat source and the cooking pan. Convection takes place when hot air circulates around the food, evenly cooking it. Radiation is also involved when heat is emitted by the heating elements and absorbed by the food.
Cooling: Heat transfer is essential in cooling processes, such as using refrigerators or air conditioning systems. In refrigeration, heat is transferred from the interior of the refrigerator to the outside environment through the process of convection and radiation. In air conditioning, heat is absorbed from the indoor air and released outside, again utilizing convection and radiation.
Central Heating: Many homes and buildings use central heating systems to warm up indoor spaces. Heat is produced by a furnace or boiler and then distributed through convection and radiation. Radiators or air vents release the heated air, raising the temperature in the rooms.
Ironing: Ironing clothes involves the transfer of heat to remove wrinkles. The iron's heating element conducts heat to the metal plate, which comes into direct contact with the fabric. Conduction transfers heat from the iron to the clothes, causing the fibers to relax and remove the wrinkles.
Showering: When taking a hot shower, heat transfer is involved in multiple ways. Firstly, conduction occurs as the hot water comes into contact with your skin, transferring heat. Secondly, convection takes place as the warm water surrounds your body, creating a warm sensation. Lastly, radiation occurs as the hot water radiates heat, making the shower enclosure feel warm.
These are just a few examples, but heat transfer is involved in numerous other activities, from using hairdryers to heating water for tea. Understanding heat transfer is crucial for designing efficient systems and ensuring our comfort and safety in everyday life.
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Please if you know the answer put it thanks
The diagram shows a picture of a compound.
What is a compound?A compound is a substance that is made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together in a specific ratio.
This means that the elements are combined in a way that creates a new substance with different physical and chemical properties than the individual elements.
Compounds can be formed through a variety of chemical reactions, such as combining elements through a chemical bond or through a reaction between an acid and a base.
So for the given diagram, we can see that it represents two or more elements chemically combined.
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Calculate the pH when 90.0 mL of 0.200 M HBr is mixed with 30.0 mL of 0.400 M CH₃NH₂ (Kb = 4.4 × 10⁻⁴).
The pH of the solution is 10.82.
To solve this problem, we need to determine the concentration of the hydronium ion ([tex]H_3O^+[/tex]) in the solution. This can be done using the following steps:
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HBr and CH₃NH₂.
HBr + CH₃NH₂ → CH₃NH₃⁺ + Br⁻
Write the expression for the base dissociation constant (Kb) for CH₃NH₂.
Kb = [CH₃NH₃⁺][OH⁻]/[CH₃NH₂]
Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in the solution using the Kb value and the concentration of CH₃NH₂.
Kb = [CH₃NH₃⁺][OH⁻]/[CH₃NH₂]
4.4 × 10⁻⁴ = x² / (0.400 M)
x = 6.63 × 10⁻³ M
[OH⁻] = 6.63 × 10⁻³ M
Calculate the concentration of [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] using the equilibrium constant for the reaction between HBr and [tex]H_2O[/tex].
[tex]HBr + H_2O = H_3O^+ + Br^-[/tex]
[tex]Kw = [H_3O^+][OH^-] = 1.0 * 10^{-14}\\[H_3O^+] = Kw/[OH-] = 1.51 * 10^{-11}[/tex]
Calculate the pH using the concentration of [tex]H_3O^+[/tex].
[tex]pH = -log[H_3O^+]\\pH = -log(1.51 * 10^{-11})[/tex]
pH = 10.82
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Calculate the pOH if the [OH-] concentration is 5.9 x 10_, M? Is the solution ACIDIC, BASIC, or NEUTRAL?
If the [OH-] concentration is 5.9 x 10^(-M), the pOH of the solution is approximately -4.77 and the solution is basic.
To calculate the pOH of a solution, we can use the formula:
pOH = -log[OH-]
Given that the [OH-] concentration is 5.9 x 10^(-M), we can substitute this value into the formula:
pOH = -log(5.9 x 10^(-M))
Calculating this expression, we find:
pOH = -log(5.9 x 10^(-M))
pOH ≈ -log(5.9) + (-log(10^(-M)))
Since log(10^(-M)) is equal to -M, the equation simplifies to:
pOH ≈ -log(5.9) - M
Now, we need the value of M (the exponent) to calculate the exact pOH value. It appears that the value of M is missing in the given information. However, assuming M is a positive value, we can continue the calculation.
If we consider M = 6, for instance, the equation becomes:
pOH ≈ -log(5.9) - 6
Now, we can evaluate the expression:
pOH ≈ 1.23 - 6
pOH ≈ -4.77
Therefore, if the [OH-] concentration is 5.9 x 10^(-M), the pOH of the solution is approximately -4.77.
To determine whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral, we can use the relationship between pH and pOH. The sum of the pH and pOH of a solution at 25°C is always equal to 14.
Since pOH = -4.77, the pH would be:
pH = 14 - pOH
pH ≈ 14 - (-4.77)
pH ≈ 18.77
A solution with a pH above 7 is considered basic. In this case, the calculated pH is greater than 7. Therefore, the solution is basic.
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WHAT IS THE PERCENT OF HYDROGEN IN CU(C2H3O2)2?
WITH SOLUTION
Answer:
Hydrogen H 3.330% Carbon C 26.450% Oxygen O 35.234%
Explanation:
Changes in which measurement shift the equilibrium in the forward direction?
increase time
O increase concentration of products
increase concentration of reactants
O decrease pressure
Answer:
increase concentration of reactants
Explanation:
I took the test
If matter is left in the same environment ( no heat added), will it change states? explain.
If matter is left in the same environment and no heat is added, it will not change states.
Matter in chemistry, is defined as any kind of substance that has mass and occupies space that means it has volume .Matter is composed up of atoms which may or not be of same type.
Atoms are further made up of sub atomic particles which are the protons ,neutrons and the electrons .The matter can exist in various states such as solids, liquids and gases depending on the conditions of temperature and pressure.
The states of matter are inter convertible into each other by changing the parameters of temperature and pressure.
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what is the hardest part of the periodic table?
Answer:
carbon
Explanation:
I hope this helps :)
Answer:
carbon
Explanation:
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Please help for brainliest
Curious Carl's chemistry teacher asked him to make a sugar solution. Carl dissolved 400 grams of sucrose (C12H22O11 , molar mass 342.3mol) in 1.00 L of water.
If molarity = moles/liter, what is the molarity of Carl's sugar solution?
Question 31 options:
1.2 M
0.86 M
0.40 M
1.0 M
Answer:
The molarity of Carl's sugar solution can be calculated using the formula:
Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution
First, we need to determine the number of moles of sucrose in the solution. We can do this using the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
The mass of sucrose is 400 grams, and the molar mass is 342.3 g/mol:
moles = 400 g / 342.3 g/mol
moles = 1.167 mol
Now we can calculate the molarity by dividing the moles by the liters of solution (which is 1.00 L):
Molarity = 1.167 mol / 1.00 L
Molarity = 1.2 M
Therefore, the molarity of Carl's sugar solution is 1.2 M. Answer: 1.2 M.
Explanation: