In the late 1780s, bad harvests caused by adverse weather conditions such as drought, floods, and frost sent food prices soaring and brought hunger to poorer peasants and city dwellers.
This, in turn, resulted in widespread hunger and malnutrition, especially among the poorer peasants and city dwellers who could not afford to buy enough food to sustain themselves and their families.
The bad harvests were a major factor in the growing discontent and social unrest that ultimately led to the French Revolution in 1789.
The high cost of living and the scarcity of basic necessities such as bread and grain were among the key grievances that fueled popular protests and demands for political and social change.
The bad harvests of the late 1780s were a stark reminder of the vulnerability of preindustrial societies to natural disasters and economic shocks, and the importance of food security for social stability and human well-being.
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When Jews in the United States played and excelled in sports during the last century, their motivation often was to
When Jews in the United States played and excelled in sports during the last century, their motivation often was to break down barriers and stereotypes and prove that they were just as capable and talented as any other group of athletes.
Throughout the 20th century, Jewish athletes in the United States faced a range of discriminatory attitudes and barriers that prevented them from participating fully in sports. Many were excluded from elite athletic clubs and teams due to their religion, while others faced overt discrimination and prejudice from fans and opponents. In response, many Jewish athletes were motivated to prove themselves on the field, not only to show their abilities but also to challenge the stereotypes and prejudice that held them back. This drive to excel in sports became a source of pride and identity for many Jewish communities, and it helped to break down some of the barriers that had previously held them back.
Despite the challenges they faced, Jewish athletes in the United States achieved significant success and recognition in a range of sports. From baseball and boxing to basketball and track and field, Jewish athletes made their mark on the field and in popular culture. Notable examples include baseball legend Hank Greenberg, Olympic swimmer Mark Spitz, and basketball star Dolph Schayes, among many others. By excelling in sports, these athletes not only demonstrated their abilities but also helped to change attitudes and perceptions about Jews in the United States, paving the way for greater acceptance and inclusion in sports and other areas of society.
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The 1970s revealed to many that the trajectory of history was being questioned. The inclusion of ______ and ______ into the story line further deepene
The 1970s revealed to many that the trajectory of history was being questioned. The inclusion of marginalized voices and perspectives into the story line further deepened this challenge to traditional historical narratives.
Growing awareness of the ways that historical narratives had excluded or inaccurately portrayed the experiences of women, people of colour, LGBTQ+ people, and other marginalised groups emerged in the 1970s. As a result, the historical record was revisited, and varied viewpoints were once again stressed in both the writing and teaching of history.
The inclusion of these underrepresented voices and viewpoints posed a challenge to the conventional understanding of history as a progressive march of events that were driven by political and economic factors and led by great individuals.
Instead, it emphasised the interdependence of many fights for justice and equality and highlighted the importance of common people and social movements in influencing historical change.
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4. In historical narrative of the early modern period, some historians have suggested a certain idea of a Mediterranean world, an Indian Ocean world, or an Atlantic world. What could explain that terminology during that period in world history
Answer:
These terminologies were used to describe the interconnectedness of various regions and cultures through trade, migration, and colonization. They highlight the importance of these bodies of water as crucial networks for economic and cultural exchange during the early modern period.
Explanation:
The early modern period saw significant developments in global trade and exploration, which resulted in the formation of new networks and connections across different regions of the world.
As a result, historians have come to recognize the importance of these interconnected networks and have used terms such as "Mediterranean world," "Indian Ocean world," and "Atlantic world" to describe the cultural, economic, and political exchange that occurred between these regions.
The use of these terms reflects the growing recognition that the history of the world during this period cannot be understood in isolation but must be examined in the context of these broader networks and connections.
Furthermore, the use of these terms emphasizes the importance of understanding the ways in which different regions of the world influenced each other and the ways in which global developments shaped local histories.
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The lingering resentment from World War I, which led directly to World War II, is an
example of:
a Cold War
The lingering resentment from World War I, which led directly to World War II, is an example of a Cold War.
What was Cold War?The Cold War can be described as the ongoing political rivalry that existed among the two popwer which was the the United States and the Soviet Union a as well as their respective allies.
It should be noted that this was developed after World War II and can be seen as the conflict between two superpowers , mopre over lingering resentment from World War I, that brought about the World War II, can be seen as an instance of a Cold War.
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Prior to World War II, Americans did not have a concept of _____________ as a distinct cultural group.
Prior to World War II, Americans did not have a concept of Asian Americans as a distinct cultural group. This is largely due to the fact that Asian immigration to the United States was limited and highly regulated, and Asian Americans were often marginalized and discriminated against.
Additionally, many Asian immigrants were categorized and lumped together under the umbrella term "Oriental," which did not acknowledge their diverse cultural backgrounds. It wasn't until the post-World War II era when immigration laws were reformed and more Asians were allowed to immigrate to the United States, that Asian Americans began to gain more recognition and visibility as a distinct cultural group. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s also played a significant role in raising awareness of Asian American issues and advocating for their rights.
Today, Asian Americans are recognized as one of the fastest-growing and most diverse racial and ethnic groups in the United States, with a rich history and culture that spans many different countries and regions. However, despite this progress, Asian Americans continue to face discrimination and marginalization in many areas of American society, and there is still much work to be done to ensure that they are fully included and valued as part of the American mosaic.
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What is the term for the process by which the African and Asian territories of European empires asserted themselves as independent countries
The term for the process by which the African and Asian territories of European empires asserted themselves as independent countries is decolonization.
Decolonization occurred in the mid-20th century as a result of various factors such as World War II, the Cold War, and the rise of nationalistic movements. It involved the transfer of political and economic power from European colonial powers to the newly formed independent states, leading to the end of formal empires. The process of decolonization was often fraught with violence and instability as newly independent countries struggled to establish their own political and economic systems.
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true or false: an accurate explanation of how the reduced pressure within the well bore combined with the faukure of the blowout preveenter led to the catastrphic fire and release of oil into the gulf of mexico
Answer:
True.
The reduced pressure within the good bore combined with the failure of the blowout preventer (BOP) did indeed lead to the catastrophic fire and release of oil into the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010. The BOP is designed to prevent oil and gas from escaping by sealing the wellbore, but when it failed to do so, oil and gas were able to escape, causing the explosion and subsequent spill. The reduced pressure within the wellbore contributed to the blowout by allowing gas to enter the wellbore and travel up to the surface.
True : The well bore combined with the failure of the blowout preventer led to the catastrophic fire and release of oil into the gulf of Mexico.
The reason why failure of the blowout preventer contributed to the catastrophic fire is that the reduced pressure within the well bore and the failure of the blowout preventer contributed to the catastrophic fire and release of oil into the Gulf of Mexico.
The reduced pressure allowed oil and gas to flow uncontrollably up the well bore, and the malfunctioning blowout preventer failed to seal the well, ultimately resulting in the disastrous oil spill and fire in the gulf of Mexico .
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Why did President Andrew Jackson insist on getting Congress to pass the Force Bill to threaten South Carolina even while he was willing to reduce the tariff that southerners objected to
Pesident Andrew Jackson insisted on getting Congress to pass the Force Bill to maintain the authority of the federal government and preserve the Union.
The explanation for this is that while President Jackson was willing to compromise and reduce the tariff that southerners objected to, he also recognized the need to assert the federal government's supremacy over state laws.
South Carolina had declared the tariff null and void within their state, which posed a threat to the stability of the Union.
By passing the Force Bill, Jackson sought to make it clear that states could not simply disregard federal laws they disagreed with.
In summary, President Andrew Jackson pushed for the Force Bill to threaten South Carolina in order to uphold the authority of the federal government, maintain the stability of the Union, and emphasize that states could not nullify federal laws at will, even as he was willing to compromise on the tariff issue.
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Explain the causes which led to a shift in political power as a result of the impact of the Civil War on the federal government from 1861 to 1877.
Answer:
A shift in political power resulting from the Civil War in 1861 to 1877 was due to the debate over what to do with African Americans and how to reconnect the South to the North. Initially, power rested with the North and south, but by 1860 when the south seceded, power was regained by the North.
Explanation:
The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, had a significant impact on the political power structure of the United States. The causes of this shift can be attributed to several factors.
Firstly, the war led to the expansion of the federal government's power over the states.
The Union's victory meant that the federal government was able to assert its authority over the states, as demonstrated by the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, which abolished slavery, granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to African Americans, and ensured their right to vote.
Secondly, the war weakened the power of the Democratic Party, which was predominantly based in the South and had supported slavery. The Republican Party, which had been founded on an anti-slavery platform, gained political power and was able to pass legislation that reflected its agenda.
Thirdly, the war led to the emergence of new political factions and interest groups, such as the Radical Republicans, who were more aggressive in their support for civil rights and reconstruction in the South. This faction helped to push through legislation that provided greater federal oversight of the reconstruction process.
Finally, the election of Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876 marked the end of the Reconstruction period and signaled a return to conservative policies. This shift in power reflected a growing sentiment in the North that the time had come to move on from the war and focus on other issues.
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the importance of the art from previous mesoamerican civilizations to the aztecs who built the templo mayor in tenochtitlan is
The importance of the art from previous Mesoamerican civilizations to the Aztecs who built the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan is significant.
The Aztecs were deeply influenced by the art and architecture of their predecessors, such as the Maya and the Toltecs. They incorporated many of the same motifs and designs into their own artwork, including feathered serpents, jaguars, and geometric patterns.
The Templo Mayor, in particular, was built on the site of previous Mesoamerican temples, and it was designed to be a reflection of the cosmological beliefs and traditions of the Aztec people.
The artwork that adorned the temple was an integral part of its construction, and it featured depictions of gods and goddesses, sacrificial rituals, and other important aspects of Aztec culture.
By incorporating elements of previous Mesoamerican art into their own, the Aztecs were able to create a sense of continuity and connection with the past.
They also demonstrated their power and wealth by building such a grand and impressive structure, which helped to solidify their place as one of the dominant civilizations in the region.
Overall, the art from previous Mesoamerican civilizations played a crucial role in the development of Aztec culture and identity.
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To combat and prevent Protestantism from spreading, Pope Paul III established the Congregation of the Inquisition, also known as the , in 1542.
To combat Heresy and keep Protestantism from spreading, Pope Paul III laid out the Gathering of the Probe, otherwise called the Roman Inquisition, in 1542.
Pope Paul III started an Inquisition( an arrangement of courts held for people engaged with a wide exhibit of offenses related to the strict convention) created to battle the extension of Protestantism in 1542.
This comprised wrongdoings related to Blasphemy ( where Sin is any confidence that is solidly in conflict with laid out customs or religions, specifically, the conceded convictions of a congregation or strict body), black magic, and permitting of literature. It was more successful than equivalent probes in those countries where Protestant rulers held a more noteworthy impact than the Roman Catholic Church.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
To combat_______ and prevent Protestantism from spreading, Pope Paul III established the Congregation of the Inquisition, also known as the _________, in 1542.
(A) Heresy ; Roman Inquisition
(B) Society of Jesus- Ignatius Loyola
(C) Malleus Maleficarum- Heinrich Kramer
Western Europeans of the later Middle Ages underscored their allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church and the Latin language and referred to themselves as
Western Europeans of the later Middle Ages underscored their allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church and the Latin language and referred to themselves as Latin Christians.
The Roman Catholic Church played a significant role in the religious and political affairs of Western Europe during this time period, and Latin was the language of the Church and education. The Church was the dominant religious institution in Western Europe and its influence extended beyond religious matters into politics, culture, and society.
A separate Pope served each parish. But in 1073, Pope Gregory VII restricted its usage to the bishop of Rome, approving a tradition that had been in place since the ninth century.
According to the Annuario Pontificio, the papal annual, there have been more than 260 popes since St. Peter, who is widely regarded as the first pope.
Western European kings and popes frequently formed coalitions. They acquire numerous lands as a result, making The role of the church in the feudal regime was significant. Since there was only one pope and priests were dispersed throughout parishes is the only one that applies in this situation. As well because this assertion is true.
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Historians have often contrasted the early phase of the Mongol campaign with its later phase. What distinguishes these two phases? Explain.
The early phase of the Mongol campaign, which began in the early 1200s, was characterized by the conquest of the Khwarezmian Empire in Central Asia.
During this period, the Mongols relied on their superior cavalry and siege tactics to rapidly expand their territory, often using terror and brutality to intimidate their opponents into submission. However, as the Mongols continued to conquer new territories, their strategy shifted towards more diplomatic and administrative methods. In the later phase of the campaign, the Mongols established a sophisticated administrative system that allowed them to govern their vast empire effectively.
One of the key differences between the two phases of the Mongol campaign was the level of resistance faced by the Mongols. In the early phase, the Mongols encountered fierce opposition from the Khwarezmians, who were well-organized and had strong military capabilities. In contrast, many of the later campaigns were against weaker opponents who were unable to put up much of a fight. This allowed the Mongols to focus more on consolidation and administration rather than military conquest.
Another important difference was the role of religion. In the early phase of the campaign, the Mongols were relatively tolerant of the religions of the conquered peoples. However, as they expanded their territory, they became more aggressive towards other religions, particularly Islam. This culminated in the destruction of Baghdad in 1258, which marked the end of the Abbasid Caliphate and was seen as a turning point in Mongol history.
Overall, the Mongol campaign was characterized by two distinct phases: the early phase of rapid conquest and brutal military tactics, and the later phase of consolidation and administration. These two phases were marked by different levels of resistance, shifting strategies, and changing attitudes towards religion.
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Describe three factors that likely influenced demography during the 20th century. Indicate whether each factor has caused an increase or decrease in the human population.
There were several factors that influenced demography during the 20th century. The three factors are- Advancements in medical technology and healthcare,Changes in fertility rates and Urbanization.
Advancements in medical technology and healthcare: This factor caused a significant increase in the human population. Medical technology advancements and the development of modern healthcare have resulted in lower infant mortality rates, longer lifespans, and better treatments for diseases.
These improvements have allowed people to live longer and healthier lives, leading to a global population increase.
Changes in fertility rates: This factor has caused both an increase and decrease in the human population, depending on the region. As countries have become more developed and women have gained more rights and education, fertility rates have decreased.
In contrast, in less developed countries, high fertility rates have led to population growth.
Urbanization: This factor has also caused an increase in the human population. In the 20th century, many people migrated from rural areas to urban areas, leading to an increase in the number of people living in cities. This trend continues today, with more than half of the world's population now living in urban areas.
Urbanization has also led to environmental challenges such as pollution, deforestation, and climate change
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In 1942, members of four tribes started the _______________ movement. Their goal was to gain Kenya's independence.
In 1942, the members of four tribes started the Mau Mau movement in Kenya and their goal was to gain Kenya's independence.
Kenya is a country located in the continent of Africa. Kenya was under British colonization since almost 1885. The people in Kenya were being ruled by the British Empire where Africans and Asians were banned from political participation.
So, in 1942 the members of four tribes in Kenya started the Mau Mau movement. The four tribes that started the Mau Mau movement are Kikuyu, Meru, Embu, and Kamba tribes. The main aim of this movement is resistance to British colonization. Many leaders and people were arrested in this movement and were held in prison for years.
During this movement, the participation of Africans and Asians in politics gradually increased. Finally, Kenya got its full independence from the British Empire on December 12, 1963.
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In 1942, members of the Kikuyu, Embu, Meru, and Kamba tribes started the Mau Mau movement. Their goal was to gain Kenya's independence.
The Mau Mau movement was a response to decades of British colonialism in Kenya, which had resulted in the dispossession of native people from their land, the exploitation of their labor, and the suppression of their culture and political aspirations.
The Mau Mau fighters sought to reclaim their land, independence, and freedom, and to challenge the British colonial system.
The Mau Mau movement was initially peaceful, with the protesters using petitions and other non-violent means to demand their rights.
However, as the British authorities responded with violence and repression, the Mau Mau fighters turned to armed resistance, using guerrilla tactics to attack British targets and sabotage colonial infrastructure.
The Mau Mau movement was a significant challenge to British colonial rule in Kenya and led to a brutal conflict that lasted for nearly a decade. The British authorities responded with overwhelming force, declaring a state of emergency in 1952 and deploying thousands of troops to suppress the rebellion.
Mau Mau fighters were subject to brutal torture, detention without trial, and extrajudicial killings, while the British government used propaganda to justify its actions to the international community.
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What contributions did the Romans, the Christian church, and the Germanic peoples make to the new civilization that emerged in Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire
Germanic peoples each made significant contributions to the new civilization that emerged in Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.
The Romans provided a strong foundation for the development of European culture, as they had established an extensive network of roads, a standardized legal system, and a common language, Latin. These elements facilitated communication and trade, which allowed ideas and goods to spread across the continent.
The Christian Church played a crucial role in shaping the new civilization through its religious and cultural influence. It helped preserve the Latin language and Roman legal concepts, while also promoting education and scholarship through the establishment of monasteries and schools. The Church also functioned as a unifying force, as it spread its teachings and values across various territories and peoples, leading to a shared Christian identity among Europeans.
The Germanic peoples, who had settled in the former Roman territories, also contributed to the emerging European civilization. They brought their own legal traditions, which merged with Roman law to form the basis for many modern European legal systems. Additionally, the Germanic tribes introduced new political structures, such as the concept of a king ruling over a kingdom, which laid the groundwork for the formation of nation-states in Europe.
In conclusion, the Romans, the Christian Church, and the Germanic peoples each played a significant role in the development of the new civilization in Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Their contributions in areas such as infrastructure, law, education, and political organization greatly impacted the shaping of European culture and society.
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In what way was the early nationalist leadership and organization in Vietnam similar to other colonial settings
The early nationalist leadership and organization in Vietnam shared several similarities with other colonial settings, including the emergence of educated elites, formation of political parties and organizations, influence of global events, use of both peaceful and violent means, and the struggle for unity.
The early nationalist leadership and organization in Vietnam shared several similarities with other colonial settings, such as:
1. Emergence of educated elites: In both Vietnam and other colonial settings, the early nationalist leadership was mainly composed of educated elites. These individuals were influenced by Western ideas and education, and they sought to challenge colonial rule and promote nationalism.
2. Formation of political parties and organizations: Similar to other colonial settings, the early nationalist movement in Vietnam witnessed the formation of various political parties and organizations. These groups aimed to mobilize the masses and represent their interests against colonial powers.
3. Influence of global events: Early nationalist leadership and organization in Vietnam, as in other colonial settings, were greatly influenced by global events, such as World War I and the Russian Revolution. These events inspired nationalist leaders to adopt more radical approaches and fight for complete independence from colonial rule.
4. Use of both peaceful and violent means: Like other colonial settings, the early nationalist movement in Vietnam employed a combination of peaceful and violent means to achieve its objectives. Leaders and organizations participated in negotiations, peaceful protests, and diplomatic efforts, while also resorting to armed resistance when necessary.
5. Struggle for unity: As in other colonial settings, early nationalist leadership and organization in Vietnam faced challenges in achieving unity among various factions and groups. Efforts were made to build a cohesive national identity and bring together diverse ethnic, religious, and social groups under a common cause.
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Why did river cities like Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans and Pittsburgh grow and prosper so quickly in the early 1800's
River cities like Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Pittsburgh grew and prospered quickly in the early 1800s due to their strategic locations on major waterways.
The Ohio, Mississippi, and Missouri Rivers, as well as the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, provided easy transportation for people and goods, allowing these cities to become major trading centers. The steamboat, which was invented in the early 19th century, also revolutionized river transportation, making it faster and more efficient.
These river cities were able to attract farmers, merchants, and entrepreneurs who saw the potential for profit in the expanding river trade. In addition, the availability of natural resources, such as coal and iron, in the surrounding areas also contributed to their growth and prosperity as industrial centers.
Overall, the combination of favorable geography, improved transportation technology, and access to natural resources helped these river cities to thrive.
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What unique challenges did sixteenth-century women rulers face, and how did they navigate those challenges
Some of the challenges that they faced include: Legitimacy, marriage, Children and Opposition. They employed a variety of strategies to establish their legitimacy and maintain their power, such as: Emphasizing their competence and strength, Forming alliances, Using marriage strategically and Cultivating popular support.
A tiny number of women did, however, succeed in taking the throne and ruling their own nations. Among the difficulties they encountered were:
Legitimacy: Many people questioned a woman's right to govern, especially if she came into the throne through her mother. Marriage: In order to forge an alliance or give birth to an heir, women monarchs were frequently pressured to wed. Sons in particular ran the risk of being viewed as more legitimate heirs to the throne than their mother if a lady ruler did have offspring.Male lords and other influential men would object to the thought of a woman reigning and might work to weaken her influence.Despite these difficulties, a number of female monarchs in the sixteenth century were able to govern successfully.
Stressing their strength and competence: Women rulers frequently tried to present themselves as strong, capable, and capable leaders who could reign well despite their gender.Alliance-building: In order to secure support for their leadership, female monarchs frequently looked to associate with strong men. Women in power may use marriage to their advantage by doing so in order to forge alliances or obtain political advantages. Building public support: Some female rulers worked to build support by highlighting their protection of their subjects and taking part in charity deeds.For such more question on Legitimacy:
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why was Japan was more successful than China in resisting imperialism encroachments in the nineteenth century
Japan was more successful than China in resisting imperialist encroachments in the nineteenth century due to several factors.
Firstly, Japan was able to undergo a successful modernization process, known as the Meiji Restoration, which allowed the country to strengthen its military, economy, and political institutions. This modernization process enabled Japan to compete with European powers on a more equal footing and to resist attempts at colonization.
Secondly, Japan was able to take advantage of its geographic location to maintain a degree of isolation from the rest of the world. The country had a natural barrier of mountains and seas that made it difficult for outside powers to invade or exert control over the country.
Thirdly, Japan was able to learn from the mistakes of other Asian countries, including China, in their dealings with Western powers. Japan had witnessed the unequal treaties that China was forced to sign with foreign powers and the resulting loss of sovereignty and territory. Japan was able to adopt a more assertive and independent foreign policy, which allowed it to negotiate more favorable treaties and maintain a greater degree of autonomy.
Finally, Japan had a strong sense of national identity and a willingness to make sacrifices for the good of the country. This sense of unity and purpose allowed Japan to mobilize its resources and fight against foreign aggression.
In contrast, China was not able to undergo a successful modernization process until the twentieth century, which left it vulnerable to outside pressures. China also had a weaker central government and was unable to mobilize its resources effectively. Additionally, China's large size and diverse population made it more difficult to maintain unity and resist foreign aggression.
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Full Question ;
why was Japan was more successful than China in resisting imperialism encroachments in the nineteenth century?
How had world war 2 changed the defense industry?
Answer:America's entry into World War II brought with it a boom in the defense industry. The nation needed to produce the planes, tanks, trucks, guns, and ammunition it needed to fight the Axis powers. The nation also put its financial and intellectual resources into creating atomic weapons.
Explanation:
America's entry into World War II brought with it a boom in the defense industry. The nation needed to produce the planes, tanks, trucks, guns, and ammunition it needed to fight the Axis powers. The nation also put its financial and intellectual resources into creating atomic weapons.
Farmers Alliances were formed because farmers were experiencing problems and needed a ____________ voice to bring about change.
Farmers Alliances were formed because farmers were experiencing problems and needed a unified voice to bring about change.
The word that best fills the blank is "collective" or "unified." Farmers Alliances were organizations formed in the late 19th century in the United States by farmers who faced various challenges such as falling crop prices, high transportation costs, and exploitative lending practices. These alliances aimed to address the issues faced by farmers by advocating for their interests and promoting economic and political reforms.
By joining together in these alliances, farmers sought to amplify their individual voices and create a collective force that could effectively advocate for their concerns. The unity provided by the Farmers Alliances allowed them to have a stronger influence on policies and bring about changes that would benefit their agricultural livelihoods.
Through the Farmers Alliances, farmers could collectively lobby for reforms, negotiate better prices for their crops, challenge monopolistic practices, and push for legislation that would address their specific needs. The formation of these alliances allowed farmers to pool their resources, share knowledge and experiences, and collectively work towards improving their economic and social conditions.
In summary, the Farmers Alliances were formed because farmers recognized the need for a collective voice to address their problems and bring about change in the face of various challenges affecting their livelihoods.
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In the spring of 1919, 10,000 Hindus and Muslims went to the city of Amritsar. Known as the the Amritsar Massacre, why did troops of the British Indian Army fire upon the crowd, killing 400 and injuring 1,200
The Amritsar Massacre, also known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, occurred on April 13, 1919, when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of General Reginald Dyer opened fire on a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians who had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh public garden in Amritsar, Punjab.
The British government had banned public gatherings, but many of the attendees were unaware of the order. The troops fired for approximately 10 minutes, killing an estimated 400 people and injuring over 1,200. The massacre was widely condemned and became a turning point in India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule.
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By the end of the seventeenth century, England and France had different systems of government with different religious policies. What were the main differences
By the end of the seventeenth century, England and France had developed two distinct systems of government and religious policies. England had a constitutional monarchy, while France had an absolute monarchy.
By the end of the seventeenth century, England and France had developed two distinct systems of government and religious policies. England had a constitutional monarchy, while France had an absolute monarchy. The English monarch was limited in power by the Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights, whereas the French monarch had absolute power and was answerable only to God. The English system allowed for a separation of powers between the king, the Parliament, and the judiciary, which helped prevent abuses of power. In contrast, the French system concentrated power in the hands of the monarch, which led to authoritarianism and a lack of checks and balances.
In terms of religion, England had become a Protestant country, with the Church of England being the established church. However, it also allowed for religious toleration for dissenters such as Puritans and Quakers. In France, the monarch was a staunch Catholic, and the French state enforced strict religious conformity. French Huguenots, or French Protestants, faced persecution and were subject to restrictions on their religious practices.
These differences in government and religious policies had a significant impact on the two countries' histories. England's constitutional monarchy and religious toleration paved the way for the growth of democracy and religious pluralism. France's absolute monarchy and religious intolerance, on the other hand, contributed to social unrest and eventually led to the French Revolution.
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What was one difference between the Knights of Labor (KOL) and the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
This difference in approach led to the KOL having a larger and more diverse membership, but also made it more difficult for the organization to maintain a cohesive message and agenda.
One major difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor is that the KOL sought to organize all workers, including unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, while the AFL primarily focused on organizing skilled workers in specific trades.
The AFL focused on using collective bargaining to secure financial benefits for its members. It acted as a federation for different national craft unions, all of which carried on operating separately.
In contrast, The Knights was a single national union that represented both skilled and unskilled workers.
The American Federation of Labour (AFL), which later evolved from the Federation of Organised Trades and Labour Unions (FOTLU), was founded in 1881.
The FOTLU was established to unite workers from many trades and provide them with the resources they need to develop workplace unions.
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Fifteenth-century Christians are supposed to use illuminated manuscripts asFifteenth-century Christians are supposed to use illuminated manuscripts as
During the fifteenth century, illuminated manuscripts were an essential part of Christian worship and devotion.
These manuscripts were handcrafted books that featured intricate designs, decorative borders, and illustrations that were often adorned with gold and silver leaf.
Fifteenth-century Christians were expected to use these manuscripts as a way of connecting with the divine. The intricate designs and illustrations helped to bring the stories of the Bible to life, allowing believers to better understand and appreciate the teachings of their faith. Additionally, the use of gold and silver leaf added a sense of luxury and reverence to the manuscripts, further emphasizing the importance of the religious texts they contained.
In many cases, illuminated manuscripts were used during religious services, such as Mass or the Liturgy of the Hours. They were also used for personal devotion and prayer, providing individuals with a tangible way to connect with God outside of formal religious services. Illuminated manuscripts were treasured possessions and were often passed down through families or gifted to churches and religious institutions.
Overall, illuminated manuscripts played a crucial role in fifteenth-century Christianity, serving as a powerful tool for worship, education, and personal devotion.
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In the United States, third parties are also called minor parties because they
a. have never won a presidential election.
b.draw attention to social issues.
c. support independent candidates.
d. influence government policies.
A geographer who argues that the fragmented shape of Indonesia (above) has caused internal tensions and separatist movements most likely adheres to
which of the following schools of thought?
A geographer who contends that Indonesia's dispersed geography has fueled separatist movements and internal strife is most likely a member of the environmental determinism school.
Environmental determinism, commonly referred to as climatic determinism or geographical determinism, is the study of how a society's or a state's physical surroundings predispose them to particular development trajectories. The theory underwent a renaissance in the late 20th and early 21st centuries because to the work of social scientists in geography like Jared Diamond, Jeffrey Herbst, Ian Morris, and others.
The fact that nations with hotter climates—like those in the tropics—are less developed because of their climate-related laziness is an illustration of environmental determinism. Contrarily, nations with more erratic weather tend to advance faster because they put forth more effort.
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What were the legal and military actions taken by the American government and President Jackson to address relations with Native Americans
The legal and military actions taken by the American government and President Jackson to address relations with Native Americans involved both legal measures and military force. The key legal action was the Indian Removal Act of 1830,
which authorized the federal government to negotiate treaties with Native American tribes, ultimately forcing them to relocate west of the Mississippi River. This policy, strongly supported by President Jackson, led to the forced removal of tens of thousands of Native Americans from their ancestral lands, known as the Trail of Tears.
Military actions were also taken to enforce the policy, with the U.S. Army ensuring the removal and subduing any resistance from Native Americans. These actions had lasting, devastating effects on Native American communities and their way of life.
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torrents of blood. --Louis Saint-Just, Report to the Convention on Behalf of the Committee of Public Safety, October 10, 1793 What event of the French Revolution does the passage support
The passage "torrents of blood" by Louis Saint-Just in his report to the Convention on Behalf of the Committee of Public Safety, October 10, 1793, supports the violent and bloody phase of the French Revolution known as the Reign of Terror.
During this period, the Committee of Public Safety, led by Maximilien Robespierre, used extreme measures to suppress dissent and maintain order.
Thousands of people, including many who were innocent or merely suspected of being counter-revolutionary, were arrested, tried, and executed by guillotine.
The phrase "torrents of blood" suggests the widespread violence and killing that occurred during this period.
This passage reflects the brutal and revolutionary nature of the Reign of Terror and highlights the radical and violent methods employed by the Committee of Public Safety to maintain their power.
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