evolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population over time, so a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is not evolving.
What does Hardy-Weinberg tell us about evolution?Evolutionary Implications of the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem The Hardy-Weinberg Theorem demonstrates that Mendelian loci segregating for multiple alleles in diploid populations will retain predictable levels of genetic variation in the absence of forces that change allele frequencies.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle and how does it work?The Hardy–Weinberg principle states that after one generation of random mating genotype frequencies will be p2, 2pq, and q2. In the absence of other evolutionary forces (such as natural selection), genotype frequencies are expected to remain constant and the population is said to be at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
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As a cook chops red onions he begins to tear up due to activation of the lacrimal gland. Which of the following nerves provided the stimulus?The facial nerve (VII)
The extensive afferent, sensory, corneal, and conjunctival nerves stimulate the efferent neurons to the lacrimal gland, which activates them and causes the gland to secrete electrolytes, water, and proteins onto the surface of the eye as lacrimal gland fluid.
Which of these nerves activates the lacrimal gland and two salivary glands, causing tears to form?The parasympathetic portion of the facial nerve is essential. It controls the lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands.
In reality, when you cut an onion, you're separating tiny cells packed with enzymes that escape as flammable vapours. This starts a chemical process that produces a lachrymatory substance, which is similar to the ingredients in tear gas.
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with reference to water Potential gradient, explain why the plants may die when grown in salty soil
Explanation:
Water potential is the measure of free energy available in water. When the soil is salty, the water potential in the soil decreases, making it difficult for plants to absorb water and other necessary nutrients. The decrease in water potential reduces the ability of the plant's roots to take up water, resulting in dehydration and eventually death. Furthermore, the accumulation of salts in the soil cause osmotic stress, which can damage the plant's cells and reduce its ability to photosynthesize and grow. Therefore, when grown in salty soil, plants may die due to a decreased water potential and osmotic stress.
seo-yun is one of four children. her mother is short, and her father is tall. in all likelihood, when they are grown, seo-yun and her siblings will have heights _______ .
Seo-yun and her siblings will have heights in an intermediate range between the heights of the parents.
Thus, the correct option is B (look at the complete options after Explanation)
Humаns come in а vаriety of heights аnd genetics plаy а key role in determining whether we will be short or tаll. There’s much more thаn just heredity to consider before аssuming а person will аutomаticаlly be the sаme height аs their pаrents. Medicаl conditions, hormonаl deficiencies, аnd more cаn аll contribute to how tаll we аre
Аs а generаl rule of thumb, our height cаn be predicted bаsed on how tаll our pаrents аre. If they аre tаll or short, then our own height is sаid to end up somewhere bаsed on the аverаge heights between our two pаrents.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your options were
A. like her mother.
B. in an intermediate range between the heights of the parents.
C. like her father.
D. all precisely in the middle between her mother’s height and her father’s height.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
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What did Galileo identifying the moons of Jupiter establish?
The Earth revolves around the sun.
Not all heavenly bodies revolve only around the Earth.
The Ptolemaic model was correct.
Copernicus was incorrect about orbits being perfect circles.
Answer: the answer is B good luck if its a test :)
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is B.
Explanation:
The phrases or terms describe different fundamental processes of nucleic acids. Classify each phrase or term as relating to replication, transcription, or translation.1. both DNA strands are duplicated2. DNA polymerase3. requires tRNA4. described as semi-conservative5. amino acids added to peptide chain6. single DNA strand is used to produce mRNA7. ribosome
Answer:1. Replication 2. Replication 3. Translation 4. Replication 5. Translation 6. Transcription 7. Translation
Explanation: DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning that each new copy will have one original strand and one new strand. This uses many proteins and DNA polymerase. Transcription involves RNA polymerase reading a single strand of DNA to produce mRNA. In translation, the mRNA is read to produce a polypeptide chain. tRNA coupled to their amino acid bind in the ribosome, and the new amino acid is transferred to the growing peptide chain. This information movement from DNA to RNA to protein is known as the Central Dogma.
Which of the following scientists is most directly responsible for the invention of the X-ray?
William Cavendish
Andreas Vesalius
Marie Curie
Robert Hooke
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen is most directly responsible for the invention of the X-ray.
What is the history of X-ray?The discovery of X-rays on November 8, 1895, by physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923) marks a great accomplishment in science that would ultimately advance a number of fields, most notably medicine, by making the invisible visible.
In his laboratory in Wurzburg, Germany, Röntgen made the unintended discovery while studying if cathode rays could pass through glass when he spotted a glow emanating from a nearby chemically coated screen. Because of the nature of the photons that produced this light, he called them X-rays.
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Once an experiment is complete which of the following describes the last 2 steps
Once an experiment is complete the following which best describes the last 2 steps are the analysis of the results and drawing conclusions.
What is an Experiment?
This is referred to as a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
When an experiment is performed, different results are gotten which are then analyzed so as to see if there is a pattern and then a conclusion is drawn from it by the scientist which is therefore the reason why the aforementioned is the correct choice.
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After Darwin in Biology
Answer:
Since the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1859, biological research has been dominated by evolutionary theory. This has led to a better understanding of how species change over time and how species interact with one another and with their environment. It has also led to an increased focus on conservation biology, which seeks to protect threatened species and manage healthy ecosystems. Research has also looked at the genetic basis of evolution and how organisms adapt to their environment. Areas such as molecular biology, genetics, and epigenetics have all been impacted by Darwin's work and have led to a better understanding of how organisms work and how they evolve.
TRUE/FALSE. the erectile tissue which forms the corpus spongiosum is a continuation of the erectile tissue of the crus.
True. The erectile tissue which forms the corpus spongiosum is a continuation of the erectile tissue of the crus.
What is corpus spongiosum?The corpus spongiosum is a column of erectile tissue that is part of the male anatomy. It is located in the center of the male reproductive organ and runs along the length of the shaft. The corpus spongiosum is surrounded by two other columns of erectile tissue, known as the corpora cavernosa, which are responsible for the majority of the male reproductive organ' girth and length. The corpus spongiosum is unique in that it surrounds the urethra and expands at the end to form the front rounded pat of male reproductive organ. The corpus spongiosum also plays a role in the process of erection by filling with blood during sexual arousal, causing the male reproductive organ to become engorged and stiff. The corpus spongiosum is a continuation of the erectile tissue of the crus in the human male reproductive organ. The corpus spongiosum is a sponge-like mass of tissue that surrounds the urethra and expands at the end to form the male reproductive organ.
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There is an interesting optical effect you have likely noticed while driving along a flat stretch of road on a sunny day. A small, distant dip in the road appears to be filled with water. You may even see the reflection of an oncoming car. But, as you get closer, you find no puddle of water after all; the shimmering surface vanishes, and you see nothing but empty road. It was only a mirage, the name for this phenomenon.The mirage is due to the different index of refraction of hot and cool air. The actual bendingof the light rays that produces the mirage is subtle, but we can make a simple model as follows. When air is heated, its densitydecreases and so does its index of refraction. Consequently, a pocket of hot air in a dip in a road has a lower index of refraction than the cooler air above it. Incident light rays with large angles of incidence (that is, nearly parallel to the road, as shown in Figure P18.83) experience total internal reflection. The mirage that you see is due to this reflection. As you get nearer, the angle goes below the critical angle and there is no more total internal reflection; the "water" disappears!Which of these changes would allow you to get closer to the mirage before it vanishes?A. Making the pocket of hot air nearer in temperature to the air above itB. Looking for the mirage on a windy day, which mixes the air layersC. Increasing the difference in temperature between the pocket of hot air and the air above itD. Looking at it from a greater height above the ground
The changes that would allow you to get closer to the mirage before it vanishes is by increasing the difference in temperature between the pocket of hot air and the air above it, thus option C is correct.
For the entire reflection, we have the equation sinθ = [tex]\frac{n_{1} }{n_{2}}[/tex] where n₁ is optically denser than n₂. The sine function has a decreasing value as we go closer to the puddle and the angel gets smaller.
The air's index of refraction is proportional to temperature; as a result, the refractive index of the air decreases with decreasing temperature and increases with increasing temperature. This suggests that we should raise the temperature difference between the hot air pocket and the air above it.
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Is it Ytrue or False? in a stem-and-leaf plot, each item is divided into two parts: a leaf, consisting of the leftmost one or two digits, and the stem, which consists of the next digit.
True. In a stem-and-leaf plot, each item is divided into two parts: a leaf, consisting of the leftmost one or two digits, and the stem, which consists of the next digit(s). The stem-and-leaf plot is a way to visualize and organize small to moderate-sized datasets and is particularly useful for observing the distribution and skewness of the data.
What is a stem leaf plot?A stem-and-leaf plot is a simple graphical representation of numerical data, used to display the distribution and skewness of the data set. Each data point is separated into two parts: the stem and the leaf. The stem represents the first few digits of a number and the leaf represents the last digit or digits. The stems are arranged in a vertical line and the leaves are arranged to the right of each stem, forming a histogram-like plot. This method is useful for small to moderate-sized datasets, as it allows one to quickly observe the distribution and spread of the data, identify outliers, and compare data sets. It is also a useful tool for comparing the distribution of multiple variables or groups within a data set.
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Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels.
answer choices- kinesthesia
- nociception
- preconception
- thermoception
Building a doghouse, Felicia hits her thumb with a hammer. Her brain receives information about the pain she is experiencing from her sensation of nociception.
What type of processing analyses emotions and is influenced by the resources at hand?The process of creating perceptions from sensory input is referred to as "bottom-up processing." On the other hand, our perception of such feelings is influenced by our knowledge, experiences, and ideas. This is what we mean by "top-down processing."
One of the following processes is used to assess or provide meaning to sensory data or experiences?Perception is the organisation, analysis, and conscious experience of sensory facts. Perception involves both bottom-up and top-down processing.
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even though many assume that alcohol is primarily a , it is, in fact, primarily a(n) .
Even though many people assume that alcohol is primarily a stimulant, it is, in fact, primarily a depressant.
Alcohol acts as a depressant on the central nervous system, slowing down brain function and causing a decrease in physical and mental alertness. This can lead to symptoms such as impaired coordination and judgment, slurred speech, and drowsiness. At higher doses, alcohol can cause unconsciousness and even death. It is important to note that while alcohol may initially have a stimulating effect, leading some people to feel more talkative or energetic, these effects are short-lived and are quickly followed by the depressant effects of the drug.
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Pathogen A has an LD50 of 1,000, and pathogen B has an LD50 of 75. Which of the following is true?
A. Pathogen A and pathogen B are equally virulent.
B. Pathogen A is more virulent than pathogen B.
C. Pathogen B is more virulent than pathogen A.
D. There is no way to judge the relative virulence of the organisms.
The statement which is true is c. Pathogen B is more virulent than pathogen A.
LD50 is a commonly used measure of the virulence of pathogens, and it is defined as the dose of a pathogen required to cause death in 50% of the infected individuals. It provides a quantitative measure of the ability of a pathogen to cause harm to a host. A lower LD50 value indicates a higher virulence, as it means that a smaller dose of the pathogen is required to cause death. On the other hand, a higher LD50 value indicates a lower virulence, as a larger dose of the pathogen is required to cause death.
In the case of Pathogen A and Pathogen B, Pathogen B has an LD50 of 75, which is much lower than the LD50 of Pathogen A (1,000). This means that Pathogen B is much more potent than Pathogen A, and it can cause harm to the host with a much smaller dose. As a result, Pathogen B is considered to be more virulent than Pathogen A.
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Purpose of sds in lysis buffer for extraction of rna extraction from yeast vegetative cells?
Answer:
sds in lysis
Explanation:
Activity In this activity, you will compare the volume of a cube with the volume of a pyramid that has the same base and height as the cube to find how the volumes are related. Go to volume of a cube and volume of a pyramid, and complete each step below. Question 1 Drag the orange point on the cube to change its side length. Then set the base of the pyramid to the same dimensions as a face on the cube. Also set the height of the pyramid to the same side length as the cube. Note the volumes of the cube and the pyramid. Record the volumes for a few sets of heights and bases, and then calculate the ratio of the volumes. Be sure the dimensions for the cube and the pyramid are the same in each set. (You might see some discrepancies in the tool due to rounding of decimals.) Round your calculations for the ratio to the hundredths place. The first one has been done for you.
Explanation:
Set 1:
Cube Side Length: 4
Cube Volume: 64
Pyramid Base: 4
Pyramid Height: 4
Pyramid Volume: 32
Ratio: 64:32 = 2:1
Set 2:
Cube Side Length: 6
Cube Volume: 216
Pyramid Base: 6
Pyramid Height: 6
Pyramid Volume: 108
Ratio: 216:108 = 2:1
Set 3:
Cube Side Length: 8
Cube Volume: 512
Pyramid Base: 8
Pyramid Height: 8
Pyramid Volume: 256
Ratio: 512:256 = 2:1
Two Drosophila flies that had normal (transparent, long) wings were mated. In the progeny, two new phenotypes appeared, dusky wings (having a semi-opaque appearance) and clipped wings (with squared ends). The progeny were as follows:
Females: 179 transparent, long
58 transparent, clipped
Males: 92 transparent, long
89 dusky, long
28 transparent, clipped
31 dusky, clipped
a) Provide a genetic explanation for these results, showing genotypes of parents and of all progeny classes under your model. b) Design a test for your model
a) Genetic explanation for the new phenotypes observed in the progeny is that there are two separate genes involved in determining phenotype of wings in Drosophila, each with dominant and recessive alleles.
What is the genetic explanation for results?Let's assume that normal transparent, long wings are determined by dominant alleles T and L and dusky wings (semi-opaque appearance) are determined by the recessive allele t, and clipped wings (with squared ends) are determined by the recessive allele c.
Under this model, genotype of the two parent flies that produced the progeny would be TTLL and TTLL, respectively.
The progeny can then be classified into four genotypic classes:
Transparent, long females (TTLL or TtLL): 179 individuals
Transparent, clipped females (Ttcc): 58 individuals
Transparent, long males (TTLL or TtLL): 92 individuals
Dusky, long males (ttLL): 89 individuals
Transparent, clipped males (Ttcc): 28 individuals
Dusky, clipped males (ttcc): 31 individuals
b) Test for the Model:
To test this model, a cross between dusky, clipped individuals (ttcc) and transparent, long individuals (TTLL) could be performed.
If the model is correct, the resulting progeny should show the following distribution:
Females:
Transparent, long (TtLL): 50%
Dusky, clipped (ttcc): 50%
Males:
Transparent, long (TtLL): 50%
Dusky, clipped (ttcc): 50%
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A mountain glacier begins to melt due to warmer air temperatures, exposing some dark gray rock once covered by the glacier
The mountain glacier begins to melt due to warmer air temperature can expose darker rock beneath it which was once covered by glacier. This is because with increased temperatures, the ice starts to melt, which leads to a decrease in snowfall and a decrease in the glacier's mass.
Over time, less snow and ice accumulate and the glacier melts away, leaving behind the rock that was once under it. This melting of glaciers can have a great impact on environment and ecosystem.
As the glaciers melts away, the land that was once covered by the glacier is left exposed which lead to an increase in erosion and landslides. In addition, these changes can lead to change in the availability of water for both animals and plants, as the glacier melting can lead to alterations in the flow of rivers and steams.
Furthermore, when the dark rock is exposed, it absorbs more heat from the sun that the lighter-colored ice and snow did, leading to increased temperatures and further melting of the glacier.
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which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
The hormone epinephrine is part of the rapid response to stress. The correct answer A.
It is released from the adrenal medulla as a result of the increase in the sympathetic nervous system activity.
Epinephrine helps prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and decreasing digestion.
It also increases the production of adrenaline, which helps to increase alertness and focus during stressful situations. Finally, epinephrine increases the production of cortisol, which helps to regulate the body's response to stress and helps to restore the body to a more relaxed state after a stressful event.
Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
a. Epinephrine
b. Aldosterone
c. Cortisol
d. ADH (vasopressin)
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Paleontologists have compared modern human skeletons to fossils of hominids from two to five million years ago, before the appearance of modern humans. They found certain features, like the shape of their hips and the way the spine supported the body, was similar to the modern human skeletal structure. Which of the following best describes why the discoveries of the hominid fossils are important for understanding modern human evolution?
They show that modern humans had to compete with other upright bipedal hominids for food and resources.
They are evidence of transitional species that show how modern humans evolved from apelike ancestors.
They provide evidence that modern humans and chimpanzees are not related by a common ancestor.
They are important for understanding how modern human pelvic bones are necessary for upright walking.
The best description of hominid fossils is they are evidence of transitional species that show how modern humans evolved from ape-like ancestors. The correct option is B.
What is human evolution?
Although they have found some of the first humans, scientists are still unsure of when or how the first ones evolved.
Homo habilis, sometimes known as the "handy man," was one of the first known humans and lived in Eastern and Southern Africa between 2.4 million and 1.4 million years ago.
Therefore, the correct option is B. They are evidence of transitional species that show how modern humans evolved from apelike ancestors.
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Which characteristic could not be used to determine the difference between two cryptic species of Hyla tree frogs? a. Morphology
b. Behavior
c. Ploidy level
d. Mating calls
e. Genotype
Ploidy level could not be used to determine the difference between two cryptic species of Hyla tree frogs.
What is genes?The study of genes, genetic diversity, and heredity in organisms is known as genetics. It is a crucial issue in biology since heredity is essential to the evolution of organisms. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian monk working in Brno in the nineteenth century, was the first to do scientific research on genetics. The fundamental unit of inheritance passed down from parent to kid. Genes are made up of DNA sequences that are arranged sequentially in the nucleus of cells at certain chromosomal locations.
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How is heart rate controlled?
A: dual innervation controls the heart rate B: heart rate is controlled through the cardiac plexus
C: parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS control heart rate
D: all the listed answers are correct
The option D is the correct option that says all of the listed answers are correct for controlling the heart rate.
The methods of controlling the heart rate are very crucial for the humans because there are often times when we have to increase or decrease the level of blood pressure in the body.
The options stated to chose the answer are all correct, because dual innnervation is used to control the heart rate along with the usage of cardiac plexus, parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS also helps to control the heart.
So, this is why we say that the option D is the correct answer for this question.
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Protists are essential to the survivor of organism ranging from bacteria to mammals. How are protists important to the ecosystem?
Protists produce around one-half of the oxygen which is essential for life on the planet by the process of photosynthesis.
What is the importance of Protists?All protists make up a large part of the food chain. Humans use protists for many reasons for example many protists are commonly used in medical research. For example, medicines made from protists are used in the treatment of high blood pressure, digestion problems, ulcers, and arthritis.
Some protists are used in scientific studies. For example, slime molds including D. disodium, a protist whose habitat is soil are used to figure out the chemical signals in cells.
Protists are important for the dairy industry. For example, if we observe the back of a milk carton we will notice carrageenan which is a protist that is extracted from red algae. It is used to make puddings and ice cream solid. Chemicals from some other kinds of protists that as algae are used to make many types of plastics.
Protists function at different levels of the ecological food web is as primary producers also as direct food sources and decomposers also many protists are parasites of plants and animals that can be fatal for humans and destroy valuable crops.
So we can conclude that about one-half of the oxygen which is essential for life on the planet is produced by Protists through photosynthesis.
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The Grants were able to show that after dry years, when ----- seeds are produced, and smaller seeds are quickly eaten, the average beak depth of medium ground finches ---------
The Grants were able to show that after dry years, when fewer seeds are produced, and smaller seeds are quickly eaten, the average beak depth of medium-ground finches increases.
The Geospiza fortis, often known as the medium ground finch, is a species of bird that belongs to the family Thraupidae. It is a species that can only be found on the Galapagos Islands. The principal type of natural habitat in which it can be found in tropical shrubland. One of Darwin's finches, this species was the first to evolve in front of the eyes of scientists as they watched it happen in real-time.
As a result of the low overall population numbers, the population of medium-ground finches has been suffering from inbreeding depression. The phenomenon known as inbreeding depression happens when individuals mate with genetic relatives, which leads to a decline in their overall fitness. In most cases, this results in a decrease in the amount of genetic variety and heterozygosity that is present.
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Which of the following may occur due to increase in thyroid releasing hormone from the hypothalamus? (Select all that apply.) - An increase in thyroid secretion by the thyroid hormone.- An increase in Na+/K+ ATPase proteins. - An increase in metabolic rate.
The following may occur due to increase in thyroid releasing hormone from the hypothalamus are increased thyroid secretion by thyroid hormones, Increased protein Na+/K+ ATPase, andIncreased metabolic rate.
The thyroid gland has a butterfly-like shape located in the neck which is part of the endocrine system. These glands produce the T3 and t4 hormones while the hypothalamus gland releases TSH-releasing hormone. Increased TSH from the hypothalamus will increase production from the thyroid gland so that it can cause hyperthyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This condition will speed up the rate of metabolism so that the patient's weight can decrease. In addition, this condition can cause excessive cardiac activity due to increased activity of Na+/K+ ATPase. Therefore all the answer choices above are all correct.
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Question 6 of 10
Which best describes the area of a polygon?
OA. The distance around the outside edge
B. The number of square units contained in the interior
OC. The number of cubic units contained in the interior
OD. The product of the side lengths
SUR
Answer:C.The number of square units contained in the interior.
The area of the polygon is C.The number of square units contained in the interior.
When we need to find the area of a polygon we must add all of space that in the inside of the shape that lines along each line, which means that C is our correct answer.
I hope this helps & Good Luck <3 !!!
3. On hot, dry days the leaves of trees will close their stomata in order to conserve water and reacta,) occurrence of transpiration, a process in which water is lost from plant leaves through the stomata. V conditions are hot and dry for a prolonged period of time, drought occurs. During times of extreme drought, trees that are not adapted to living in drought conditions will often rapidly shed their leave biologist is curious to know how this phenomenon affects the tree's ability to perform photosynthe Which of the following is a testable question relating photosynthesis to this phenomenon that a bio could investigate with an experiment? a. Do extreme drought conditions cause trees to conserve energy by losing their leaves? b. Do extreme drought conditions cause trees to lose their leaves due to a lack of raw materia for photosynthesis? Does the loss of leaves due to extreme drought cause trees to perform photosynthesis in c of the tree? d. Does the loss of leaves due to extreme drought cause the trees to perform cell respiratior photosynthesis?
which of the following is not one of the core principles of anatomy and physiology introduced in this textbook?
Reflexes are not among the fundamental concepts of anatomy and physiology covered in this textbook.
Which of the following doesn't count as one of the body's four primary components?The four most prevalent elements are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. They make up 99% of the mass of living things, together with calcium and phosphorus.
What are the body's four primary components?The four most common elements in your body—hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen—make up more than 99 percent of all the atoms. They are all present in your body, mostly as water but also as components of biomolecules including proteins, lipids, DNA, and carbohydrates.
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idnetify the point in mitosis at which separase cleaces the protein complex that holds sister chromatid pairs together
The point in mitosis at which separase cleaves the protein complex that holds sister chromatid pairs together is during anaphase.
Anaphase is the stage of mitosis in which the sister chromatids are separated and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This movement is driven by the action of the spindle apparatus, a complex of microtubules that attach to the kinetochores, structures located at the centromeres of the chromosomes. Separase is an enzyme that cleaves the protein complex holding the sister chromatids together, allowing them to separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. The cleavage of this protein complex by separase triggers the release of tension on the chromatids, enabling them to move freely along the spindle fibers towards their respective poles. This is a critical step in ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete and accurate set of chromosomes following cell division.To know more about mitosis visit:
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Which of the following is least involved in the mechanical breakdown of food, digestion or absorption of nutrients?A) large intestineB) the oral cavityC) the esophagusD) the small ingestion
C) the esophagus of the following is least involved in the mechanical breakdown of food, digestion or absorption of nutrients
What elements influence the mechanical breakdown of food for absorption or digestion?Meals are mechanically broken down by contractions of the segmental and peristalsis muscles. Enzymes produced by the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine help to break down food chemically.
Our bodies do not break down the fibre in plant foods while we are digesting them. Because fibre isn't digested, it doesn't provide us calories. Foods high in fibre may also be heavy in sugar, starch, or other types of carbohydrates.
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