The formation of new cells in multicellular eukaryotic creatures (for example, an oak tree) follows a carefully controlled process of growth, DNA replication, and division. The cell cycle is the name given to this sequence.
The cell cycle is the sequence of events that occur in a eukaryotic cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). The cell cycle consists of two main stages the interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases) and the mitotic phase (M phase).
During interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA in preparation for cell division. The S phase is dedicated to DNA replication, where the genetic material is duplicated to form two identical sets of chromosomes. During G1 and G2 phases, the cell continues to grow and carry out normal cellular functions.
In the M phase, the chromosomes are separated and the cell physically divides into two daughter cells. The regulation of the cell cycle is controlled by both internal and external signals, ensuring that the cell divides at the appropriate time and avoiding genomic instability.
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would it be better to compare your height to that of one or two students in the class or to use the class average as a comparison?
class average
because you have more measurements to go by. so you would rather get an answer that has more numbers that you can go by than an answer that is only based on one other individual.
burning fossil fuels, cutting down large forests, and not replanting the areas with trees will affect the global carbon cycle by
more carbon dioxide being present in the atmosphere. Significant amounts of carbon are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, altering how land is used, and using limestone in concrete.
As a result, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is fast increasing and has already surpassed previous 3.6 million-year highs. As trees and other plants develop, they take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In the branches, leaves, trunks, roots, and soil of the plant, this is transformed into carbon and stored. Carbon dioxide is the major form of stored carbon that is released into the atmosphere when forests are burned or removed.
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Which useful energy conversion is carried out by chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is the pigment that is responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy through a process known as photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy during photosynthesis and utilises it to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a sugar) and oxygen. The majority of Earth's living things derive their energy from this chemical process, which is essential to preserving the delicate balance of life on our planet.
In conclusion, during photosynthesis, the energy conversion from light energy to chemical energy is carried out by chlorophyll.
Plants get their green colour from a pigment called chlorophyll, that also aids in photosynthesis, which is how plants make their own food.
Many plants and algae have a green tint because of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is concentrated within organisms in parts known as chloroplasts, which may be seen under a microscope. The primary pigment that plants employ to absorb light energy is chlorophyll. A porphyrin head makes up the molecule of chlorophyll.
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functions of agranular endoplasmic reticulum include a. synthesis of proteins for use in the cell b. synthesis of steroids c. storage of intracellular calcium ion d. synthesis of proteins for use in the cell and storage of intracellular calcium ion e. synthesis of steroids and storage of intracellular calcium ion.
a) The best choice is protein synthesis for cell usage.
The canonical pathway that controls protein synthesis involves co-translational docking of the mRNA:ribosome complex on the ER membrane. Protein synthesis necessitates localization of ribosomes to the cytosolic face of the ER. When ribosomes harbouring these RNAs are recruited to the ER membrane via a signal sequence in the amino terminus of the developing polypeptide that is detected and bound by the signal recognition particle, translation of secretory or integral membrane proteins begins in the cytosol. Animals depend on proteins for survival. Ribosomes are the organelle that is in charge of protein synthesis.
Instead of making proteins, the plasma membrane controls how things enter and leave the cell.
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after teaching a group of students about resistance, the instructor determines that the students need additional teaching when they identify what as a way that microorganisms develop resistance?
When the presence of antibiotics and antifungals forces bacteria and fungi to acclimatize, antimicrobial resistance is increased.
Some microorganisms that beget ails are killed by antibiotics and antifungals, but they also destroy good origins that shield our bodies from infection. also, as we know that the microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics endure as well as gain. Bacterial cells can develop antibiotic resistance in two different styles. One way is by way of mutations that take place in the cell's DNA during replication. Through vertical gene transfer, bacteria can also develop resistance.
Antimicrobial abuse and overuse, lack of access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene( marshland) for both people and creatures, and shy infection and complaint forestallment and control are the main causes of antimicrobial resistance.
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which classic example of adaptive radiation highlighted by charles darwin is discussed in your textbook:
One classic example of adaptive radiation discussed in many biology textbooks is the finch species of the Galápagos Islands, which were famously studied by Charles Darwin during his voyage on the HMS Beagle.
What is adaptive radiation?Adaptive radiation is a process in evolutionary biology in which animals rapidly diverge from an original species into a plethora of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources accessible, affects biotic interactions, or opens up new environmental niches.
Here,
The finches, also known as Darwin's finches, showed remarkable diversity in beak shape and size, which Darwin attributed to the process of natural selection. He observed that the beaks of different finch species were adapted to different food sources, such as seeds, insects, or cactus flowers, and that these adaptations allowed the finches to fill different ecological niches on the islands.
This is a classic example of adaptive radiation, where a single ancestral species diversifies into multiple descendant species that occupy different habitats and ecological roles.
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Comment on the importance of scientific knowledge for Aquaculture Engineering.
IT IS FROM THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY COURSE
Scientific knowledge is essential for Aquaculture Engineering as it provides a foundation of knowledge on which to build best practices and improve the sustainability of aquaculture operations. It provides insight into the biological, chemical, and physical processes that govern aquatic ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them. It can be used to develop new techniques for manipulating, monitoring, and optimizing aquatic systems, as well as to evaluate their ecological impacts. Scientific knowledge is also key for identifying and mitigating potential environmental concerns associated with aquaculture operations. Finally, it can be used to inform policy and legislation related to aquaculture operations and the management of aquatic resources.
What is the weather like in the savanna biome? (Site 1)
Answer: temperatures are about 10 to 20 °C (50 to 68 °F) in the dry season and 20 to 30 °C (68 to 86 °F) in the wet season.
Explanation:
This change in the gene pool is a result of hybridization. In scientific terms, we could call this a method of A) gene flow. B) emigration. C) niche shift. D) genetic drift. Submit
Change in the gene pool is a result of hybridization. In scientific terms, we could call this a method of gene flow
The correct option is A
Hybridization causes a shift in the gene pool, which is how gene flow is accomplished.
The term "gene flow" describes the transfer of genes across populations or species, which can alter a population's gene pool. When members of two distinct species interbreed and give birth to children, this process of gene flow is known as hybridization, which results in the transfer of genetic material from one species to another. This may lead to the development of novel hybrid species or the spread of novel genes among existing populations.
Emigration, which is not directly connected to hybridization, is the movement of people out of a population. A change in an organism's ecological niche, or the function it fulfills in its environment, is referred to as a niche shift. This is unrelated to changes in the gene pool. Genetic drift, which is not directly connected to hybridization, is a method of evolution that describes haphazard fluctuations in the frequency of alleles in a population.
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which structural component of bacterial cells is a major virulence factor because it allows cells to adhere, exchange dna, and move?
Structural component of bacterial cells which is a major virulence factor is called as pili.
Pili microscopic organisms are those microbes that have the little hair-like extremities on the outer layer of microorganisms.
The pili have the accompanying attributes:
Pili are made out of pilin protein that is blended by the microscopic organisms.Pili are answerable for the propagation of microscopic organisms for example conjugative pili.Pili are immunogenic in nature. They can actuate the development of antibodies in the host.They are delicate protein and 6-7 nm in measurement.These are the hair-like extremities present on the outer layer of microscopic organismsThere are two types of pili.
Conjugation piliType IV PiliThe functions of the pili are as per the following:
Conjugative pili permit the exchange of hereditary material between two microbes.The presence of pili is liable for the harmfulness of pathogenic microbes.It sticks with surfaces and consequently permits the connection of microorganisms with the surfaces.These pili permit the hereditary variety in the microbes.To know more about pili bacteria, visit here:
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Define Heterotrophs
What are producers and consumers and where do they sit on the food chain?
What is the 10% rule in the food chain?
What is the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary consumers?
Where does the ultimate source of all energy come from?
What is the relationship between photosynthesis, respiration, and heat?
What organelle is needed for cellular respiration in both plants and animals?
What does chemosynthesis rely on for energy?
Short answers:
Heterotrophs are organisms that consume other organisms in order to gain energy. Compare two different categories of heterotrophs in terms of how they obtain energy. Explain your answer in one to two sentences.
In three to five sentences, compare and contrast the flow of matter and energy in each trophic level for land-based ecosystems and marine ecosystems. How and why are they similar, and how and why are they different?
In three to five sentences, describe what would happen to ecosystems if decomposers didn't exist on Earth.
Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms, such as plants, fungi, and animals.
Producers are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis, such as plants and algae. Consumers are organisms that consume other organisms for energy, including herbivores (primary consumers), carnivores (secondary consumers), and omnivores (tertiary consumers). Producers sit at the bottom of the food chain and are consumed by consumers, who are in turn consumed by higher level consumers.
What are responses to other questions?The 10% rule in the food chain states that only about 10% of the energy in one trophic level is transferred to the next level. The rest is lost as heat energy.
Primary consumers are the first level of consumers and eat primary producers, such as plants. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers.
The ultimate source of all energy on Earth comes from the sun, which provides energy for photosynthesis in plants and algae.
Photosynthesis and respiration are two processes that are related to the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Photosynthesis converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in organic molecules, while respiration releases this stored energy in the form of heat.
The organelle needed for cellular respiration in both plants and animals is the mitochondria.
Chemosynthesis relies on the chemical oxidation of inorganic compounds for energy, rather than the conversion of light energy through photosynthesis. This process is carried out by certain bacteria and other organisms that live in environments without light.
If decomposers didn't exist on Earth, dead organic matter would accumulate and build up, leading to a lack of nutrients for plants and other primary producers. This could have a cascading effect throughout the food chain and disrupt the balance of ecosystems.
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after completing this activity, do you believe that dna fingerprinting is useful as evidence in criminal cases and can help in reducing elephant poaching? provide three pieces of evidence from this experience to support your answer.
Elephant poaching can be curbed by using DNA fingerprinting as evidence in legal proceedings. This is true for the reasons listed below: It aids in locating the site where seized tusks came from. This is useful for locating sensitive places that are being stolen.
In the recent years, techniques have been created that enable scientists to obtain DNA samples from animals without ever having to touch them. This process, known as non-invasive genetic sampling, collects DNA from sources like hair, feathers, shed skin, egg shells, and feces. Although obtaining DNA from non-invasive samples is more challenging than from tissue or blood, it is nevertheless worthwhile because it has no negative effects on the animal you are investigating.
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suppose 51% of a remote mountain village can taste phenylthiocarbamide (ptc) and must, therefore, have at least one copy of the dominant ptc taster allele. if this population conforms to hardy-weinberg equilibrium for this gene, what percentage of the population must be heterozygous for this trait?
The required level of heterozygosity for this characteristic is 0.49 percent of the population.
As a dominant genetic characteristic, PTC sensitivity is one of the most often tested genetic traits in people. The capacity to taste PTC is also a dominant genetic trait. It has been possible to follow family ancestries and population migration trends thanks to the robust genetic underpinning for PTC sensitivity.
Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), a bitter chemical, has a hereditary feature that is governed by two alleles of a single gene. This trait allows people to taste bitter substances. Comparing the dominant T allele for tasting versus the recessive T allele for not tasting. PTC aversion is frequently referred to as an autosomal recessive trait, meaning that people with the TT or Tt genotype have the "taster."
p + q = 1
here p=51% = 0.51
q = 1 - 0.51
q = 0.49
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has islets with α , β , and δ cells that secrete hormones is called ?
The normal human pancreas contains about 1 million islets. The islets consist of four distinct cell types, of which three (alpha, beta, and delta cells) produce important hormones; the fourth component (C cells) has no known function.
The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The pancreatic islet cell types include alpha cells, which produce glucagon; beta cells, which produce insulin; delta cells, which produce somatostatin; and PP cells, which produce pancreatic polypeptide. Insulin and glucagon are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin is produced by the beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels. Target cells are better able to absorb and utilize glucose, as well as store extra glucose for later use. Diabetes mellitus, a condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels, is brought on by a malfunction in the synthesis of insulin or target cell resistance to its effects. In reaction to low blood glucose levels, the pancreatic alpha cells create and secrete the hormone glucagon. Blood glucose levels are raised through mechanisms like the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which is stimulated by glucagon.
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glycolysis occurs in the ______ of all living cells.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells.
The cytoplasm of all living cells undergoes glycolysis, which is an important metabolic process. The conversion of glucose to pyruvate occurs during this first step of cellular respiration. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells engage in this activity, which provides an important method for generating energy.
A sequence of biochemical events involving glucose is known as glycolysis, and the products are ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). The fundamental energy unit of the cell is ATP, while NADH acts as a carrier of highly energetic electrons.
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fruits are produced by angiosperms to give nutrition to the embryo. true or fasle?
Answer:
the answer foe your question is false
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the:_________
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the Golgi apparatus.
In general , the Proteins are rebuilt from the coordinated secretory pathway in the trans Golgi network, there they get packaged to form specialized secretory vesicles. These vesicles, often are larger than other transport vesicles, Hence, they store their contents other till the time any specific signals direct their fusion to the plasma membrane.
Also, many other cellular functions, that includes the taking and transforming the nutrients, the synthesis of new molecules, also the production of energy, occurs in the membranous organelles.
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explain how radial symmetry and the lack of cephalization usually associated with it can have adaptive value for sessile animals and be favored by natural selection.
Sessile animals with radial symmetry and an absence of cephalization can benefit from such traits because they enable them to react to inputs coming from various sources without the requirement for a specific head or hind ending.
What function does radial symmetry serve in sessile organisms?Radial symmetry can give sessile creatures, like sea anemones or corals, a larger area of vision and a better capacity to react to inputs coming from various directions. This is particularly crucial for creatures that are immobile or unable to adjust their posture since they must be able to recognise and react to imminent risks or food sources coming from any angle.
For sessile species, the lack of cephalization—that is, the absence of a specific head or front end—can also be useful for adaptation. Since cephalization enables animals to possess a tail for locomotion and a head designed for perceiving and reacting to stimuli, it is frequently connected with mobility. Sessile creatures, on the other hand, are not required to move around, and their absence of cephalization can streamline their architecture and lower their energy needs.
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the pulmonary circulatory system a. begins at the left ventricle. b. goes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. c. ends at the right atrium. d. all of the above
The pulmonary circulatory system goes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. Option B is correct.
The pulmonary circulatory system begins at the right ventricle of the heart and carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood releases carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen, which is then transported back to the heart in the pulmonary veins.
The right ventricle then pumps the oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation to be distributed to the rest of the body. The pulmonary circulation is a shorter, more direct route than the systemic circulation and serves the important function of allowing the blood to exchange gases with the lungs.
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why are we able to use starch as an energy source but not cellulose?
The most significant difference between the two polymers is that you can eat starch but not cellulose.
Enzymes in your body break down starch into glucose to fuel your body. However, humans lack enzymes that can degrade cellulose. The human body cannot directly use cellulose as a source of energy. Humans are unable to digest cellulose due to a lack of enzymes that break down the beta acetal linkages.
No vertebrate can directly digest cellulose. Cellulose is essentially a chain of glucose, similar to starch. Unlike starch, cellulose has a bond that animals cannot break down. Some animals that graze grass, such as cows, goats, and sheep, have symbiotic bacteria in their guts.
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1. The three major global uses of fresh water are ?
A. Manufacturing goods| wastewater disposal | and irrigation, B. Drinking bathing | and growing crops,
C. Drinking | manufacturing goods | and generating power, D.
Residential | agricultural | and industrial uses.
2. How is fresh water used in industry ?
A. Water for toilets in the household , B. Water for agricultural products, C. To generate power, D. All of the above .
3. China has recently implemented the south-north water diversion project, diverting water from the humid south to the dry north. What is the purpose of this project?
A. To supply the water-starved north with water form the south they and an abundance of water, B. The industrialize north needs this water more than the agricultural south, C. To desalinate salt water and utilize that as drinking water, D. To encourage the practice of water conservation.
The answer is D. Residential | agricultural | and industrial uses.
The answer is D. All of the above. Fresh water is used in industry for various purposes such as processing, cleaning, and cooling, among others.
The answer is A. To supply the water-starved north with water from the south that has an abundance of water. The South-North Water Diversion Project is aimed at addressing the water scarcity issue in the northern regions of China by diverting water from the humid south to the dry north.
what is the name given to the strand of dna that contains the information to make the new strand of dna during dna replication?
During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant?
A
M phase
B
G1â phase
C
G2â phase
D
S phase
Answer:
D.......
S phase
The S phase is the stage where DNA replication occurs, the G1 phase is the stage where cell growth and replication of organelles are most significant, making it a critical stage in the cell cycle.
During the cell cycle, cells go through several stages, including interphase (G1, S, G2) and mitosis (M phase). The M phase is the stage where the cell divides into two daughter cells, while the interphase is the stage where the cell prepares for cell division. Among the interphase stages, the S phase is the stage where DNA replication occurs. However, during which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant?
The answer is the G1 phase. During the G1 phase, the cell is actively growing and carrying out its normal functions. This is the stage where the cell is synthesizing new proteins and organelles, including mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum, in preparation for DNA replication in the S phase. In other words, G1 is the stage where the cell is "stocking up" on the necessary components needed for DNA replication and cell division.
Furthermore, G1 is a crucial stage for the cell as it determines whether the cell will enter the cell cycle and proceed with cell division or exit the cell cycle and enter a non-dividing stage called G0. If the cell receives the appropriate signals and nutrients, it will progress to the S phase and undergo DNA replication and cell division.
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myelination of the spinal cord is almost complete by 2 years of age. as a result of this, what can gradually be achieved?
The completion of myelination of the spinal cord by 2 years of age allows for the gradual achievement of improved coordination and dexterity.
Myelination is the process by which the nerve fibers in the spinal cord are coated with a fatty substance called myelin, which acts as insulation and helps to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses. By 2 years of age, most of the fibers in the spinal cord have been myelinated, which results in improved motor function and coordination.
The child will be able to carry out more complex movements, such as running, jumping, and throwing a ball, with greater accuracy and control. Additionally, they will be able to use their hands more effectively to carry out fine motor tasks, such as drawing and manipulating small objects. These developments lay the foundation for further advances in physical and cognitive abilities as the child continues to grow and mature.
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Which other geographical region or continent is most likely to be affected by industrial air pollution originating in Europe? Use your knowledge of atmospheric circulation to support your answer.
Asia would be most affected by industrial air pollution from Europe since Asia is to Europe's right and the westerlies deflect the air to the right.
What is the biggest environmental issue in Europe?The top environmental concern in Europe, according to the European Environment Agency (EEA), is air pollution, which it calls the "single largest environmental health risk" on the continent.
Both the environment and your health may be negatively impacted. Even if the quality of the air in Europe has improved recently, the levels of air pollutants still exceed both EU criteria and the strictest recommendations from the World Health Organization.
Therefore, Asia is most likely to be affected by industrial air pollution originating in Europe.
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an experiment in which part of a rat's hypothalamus is destroyed to examine the effects on eating behavior utilizes a technique known as a(n): please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices hemispherectomy. lobotomy. lesion. fmri.
An experiment in which part of a rat's hypothalamus is destroyed to examine the effects on eating behavior utilizes a technique known as a Lesion
A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.
The hypothalamus regulates circadian rhythms, appetite, thirst, and body temperature. The study of disorders and diseases related to the neuroendocrine system can benefit from using rat hypothalamus neurons.
For controlling metabolism and food intake, the lateral hypothalamus is well-known. This was learned from studies examining how lesions in the lateral hypothalamus affect obese rats' ability to maintain their newly achieved weight loss and reduce food intake.
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which term best describes the following phenomenon? after an individual has inherited a nondisjunction, that individual has a greatly increased chance of producing gametes with a new nondisjunction because of errors in meiosis.
Recurrent Nondisjunction. Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis.
What is Nondisjunction?Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, resulting in gametes containing an abnormal number of chromosomes. During meiosis, chromosomes line up in pairs and then separate into two cells. Nondisjunction occurs when a pair of chromosomes fails to separate, causing one gamete to receive two copies of that chromosome, while the other gamete receives none.
When this occurs, gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes are produced. Recurrent nondisjunction is when an individual inherits a nondisjunction, increasing their risk of producing gametes with a new nondisjunction due to errors in meiosis.
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In prokaryotes, cellular respiration takes place in the
nucleus.
ribosomes.
cytoplasm.
mitochondria.
Answer: CYTOPLASM
Explanation: In prokaryotes , cellular respiration takes place in cytoplasm or within the cell membrane. Assisted by a structure called mesosome which are the infoldings of the cell membrane and also the site of oxidative phosphorylation.
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A stationary source produces a sound wave at a frequency of 100 Hz. The wave travels at 1125 feet per second. A car is moving toward the sound source at a speed of 200 feet per second. What is the wavelength of the stationary sound source and the wavelength that a person in the car perceives?
a. wavelength of the stationary source: 13.25 ft; perceived wavelength: 11.25 ft
b. wavelength of the stationary source: 11.25 ft; perceived wavelength: 13.25 ft
c. wavelength of the stationary source: 9.25 ft; perceived wavelength: 11.25 ft
d. wavelength of the stationary source: 11.25 ft; perceived wavelength: 9.25 ft
Wavelength of the stationary source: 11.25 ft; perceived wavelength: 9.25 ft. The correct option is d.
What is wavelength?The distance between two similar spots on adjacent waves is known as the wavelength. The number of waves that pass a specific place in a predetermined period of time is known as the wave frequency.
Here, it is given that:
Velocity of sound = 1125 ft/s
Velocity of observer = 200 ft/s
Frequency at source = 100 Hz
Actual wavelength
λ = [tex]v/f_s[/tex]
λ = 1125/100
λ = 11.25 ft.
Observed frequency
[tex]f_o=F_s\frac{(v+v_o)}{v}[/tex]
[tex]f_o=100\frac{(1125+200)}{1125}[/tex]
Frequency = 117.7 Hz.
Observed wavelength
[tex]\lambda' =v/f_o\\\\\lambda'=1125/117.7[/tex]
λ' = 9.25 ft
Thus, the correct option is d.
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A bright orange color begins to appear in a population of butterflies. How could evolutionary fitness help explain this change?
Answer: Orange flowers in the environment, camouflage.
Explanation:
If the butterflies were brown before they were easily spotted when sitting upon orange petalled flowers. The orange butterflies in the population survive because they blend in with the flowers they eat from their environment.