In an exothermic chemical reaction:____.
A. The mass of the products is greater than the mass of the reactants.
B. The mass of the products is less then the mass of the reactants.
C. Heat is released as the reaction proceeds.
D. Heat is absorbed as the reaction proceeds.

Explanation:

Esterification occurs when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol. This reaction can only occur in the presence of an acid catalyst and heat. It takes a lot of energy to remove the -OH from the carboxylic acid, so a catalyst and heat are needed to produce the necessary energy.

Answer:

The Esterification ProcessEsterification occurs when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol. This reaction can only occur in the presence of an acid catalyst and heat. It takes a lot of energy to remove the -OH from the carboxylic acid, so a catalyst and heat are needed to produce the necessary energy.

The Esterification ProcessEsterification occurs when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol. This reaction can only occur in the presence of an acid catalyst and heat. It takes a lot of energy to remove the -OH from the carboxylic acid, so a catalyst and heat are needed to produce the necessary energy.Once the -OH has been removed, the hydrogen on the alcohol can be removed and that oxygen can be connected to the carbon. Because the oxygen was already connected to a carbon, it is now connected to a carbon on both sides, and an ester is formed.

The Esterification ProcessEsterification occurs when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol. This reaction can only occur in the presence of an acid catalyst and heat. It takes a lot of energy to remove the -OH from the carboxylic acid, so a catalyst and heat are needed to produce the necessary energy.Once the -OH has been removed, the hydrogen on the alcohol can be removed and that oxygen can be connected to the carbon. Because the oxygen was already connected to a carbon, it is now connected to a carbon on both sides, and an ester is formed.The methyl acetate that was formed is an ester. In this image, the green circle represents what was the carboxylic acid (in this case acetic acid), and the red circle represents what was the alcohol (in this case methanol):

This reaction lost an -OH from the carboxylic acid and a hydrogen from the alcohol. These two also combine to form water. So any esterification reaction will also form water as a side product.

Answer:

Following are the solution to the given question:

Explanation:

For question a:

It is prevented that the atmospheric [tex]CO_2[/tex] through dissolving in the solution and make carbonic acid [tex](H_2CO_3)[/tex] which reacts with the [tex]NaOH:[/tex]

[tex]CO_2+ H_20\to H_2CO_3\\\\H_2CO_3 + NaOH \to NaHCO_3 +H_2O\\\\H_2CO_3 + 2 NaOH \to Na_2CO_3 + 2H_2O\\\\[/tex]

For question b:

For this, the [tex]NaOH[/tex] reacts with the dissolved [tex]CO_2[/tex]  so, the molarity of the [tex]NaOH[/tex] will be decreased.

For question C:

In this, the Phenolphthalein is pink in the basic solution[tex](high \ pH)[/tex] and colorless throughout the acidic solution[tex](low\ pH)[/tex].

if the solution is exposed  from the atmosphere, the [tex]CO_2[/tex] is from the air dissolving in the solution, and making the [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex] that gives the [tex]H^{+}\ ions[/tex]

[tex]\to[/tex] lower pH.

[tex]\to[/tex] colorless phenolphthalein  

For question D:

[tex]Ba(OH)_2 + 2 HNO_3 \to Ba(NO_3)_2+ 2H_2O\\\\[/tex]

Calculating the moles of[tex]HNO_3 = volume \times \text{concentration of} HNO_3\\\\[/tex]

                                                      [tex]= \frac{25}{1000} \times 0.200\\\\= 0.005\ mol\\\\[/tex]

Calculating the moles of  [tex]Ba(OH)_2= \frac{1}{2} \times\text{moles of}\ HNO_3\\\\[/tex]

                                [tex]=\frac{1}{2} \times 0.005\\\\= 0.0025 \ mol\\\\[/tex]

Calculating the volume of [tex]Ba(OH)_2=\frac{moles}{concentration\ of\ Ba(OH)_2}[/tex]

                                   [tex]=\frac{0.0025}{0.0293}\\\\=0.08532\ L\\\\= 85.32 \ mL\\\\= 85.3\ mL[/tex]

Answer:

heating of gases depends not only on the temperature difference, but also on the process as well as the amount of gas present.

Explanation:

The work done when a gas is heated does not only depends on the initial and final states of the gas but also on the process used to achieve the change of state of the gas.

Several processes can be applied in changing the state of a gas such as; adiabatic process, isobaric process, isochoric process and isothermal process.

Hence, the heating of a gas, depends not only on the temperature difference, as well as the amount of gas present according to the ideal gas laws but also on the process used to achieve the change of state.

Answer:

The less electronegative atom

Explanation:

Water contains polar bonds. Water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is more electronegative then hydrogen so it is partial negative (because electron spend more time around oxygen in the polar bond), whereas, hydrogen has a  partial positive charge as it is less electronegative (electrons spend less time around hydrogen in this polar bond).

Answer:

Option b.

Al < B < P < N

Explanation:

Electronegativity is the capacity of an atom to attract electrons.

Usually, if we look at the periodic table, the elements in the left are the ones with the least electronegativity, and as we go to the right, the electronegativity increases (this is not really exact)

There are a lot of tables of electronegativity that can be used here, we can find that:

element:    electronegativity:

    N                         3.04

    B                          2.04

    P                          2.19

    Al                          1.61

So, the order from least to greatest is:

Al, B, P, N

Then the correct option is:

b: Al < B < P < N

Answer:

7.44 C is the answer of the question.

Explanation:

Answer:

The full amount (5.00 g) will be dissolved in 1 L of water at 25°C.

Explanation:

The molecular weight (MW) of Vanillin (C₈H₈O₃) is calculated from the chemical formula as follows:

MW(C₈H₈O₃) = (12 g/mol x 8) + (1 g/mol x 8) + (16 g/mol x 3) = 152 g/mol

If 0.070 mol of C₈H₈O₃ are soluble per liter of water at 25°C, the maximum mass that can be dissolved in 1 L is:

0.070 mol x 152 g/mol = 10.64 g

Since 5.00 g is lesser than the maximum amount that can be dissolved (10.64 g), the added amount will be completely dissolved in 1 L of water at 25°C.

Answer:

Option a.

Explanation:

To determine which is a balanced chemical reaction, see the stoichiometry.

Stoichiometry coefficients are the numbers that appear before the compounds. These numbers indicate moles of substance.

Notice that the number of elements must be the same in both sides of the equation.

In this case, option a is the balanced chemical reaction.

8HCl + 2KMnO₄ → 3Cl₂ + 2MnO₂ + 4H₂O + 2KCl

8 moles of HCl react to 2 moles of potassium permanganate in order to produce 2 moles of magnessium dioxide, 3 moles of chlorine, 2 moles of potassium chloride and 4 moles of water.

8 H, 8 Cl, 2 K, 2 Mn and 8 O

Answer:

80.8%

Explanation:

Let's consider the following balanced equation.

4 Al(s) + 3 O₂(g) → 2 Al₂O₃(s)

The mass obtained of Al₂O₃ (experimental yield) is 84.0 g. The theoretical yield of Al₂O₃ is 104 g. We can calculate the percent yield of Al₂O₃ using the following expression.

%yield = (experimental yield / theoretical yield) × 100%

%yield = (84.0 g / 104 g) × 100% = 80.8%

Answer:

Percent Yield = 80.8%

Explanation:

We can find the percent yield of a reaction using the equation:

Percent yield = Actual yield (g) / Theoretical Yield (g) * 100

Where Actual yield is the amount of product produced (84.0g)

And theoretical yield is the mass produced assuming a 100% of product (104.0g)

Replacing the computed values:

Percent yield = 84.0g / 104.0g * 100

Percent Yield = 80.8%

Answer:

Fill in the blanks with each titration term with its definition.

a. Solution of an unknown concentration that has another solution slowly added to it ________________

b. Process of slowly adding a solution to react with another solution and determine the concentration of one of the solutions based on the reaction between them ______________

c. A reagent added to the analyte solution that changes color when the reaction is complete ______________

d. Glassware that allows a solution to be precisely and slowly added to another solution _____________

e. Solution of known concentration that is slowly added to a solution of unknown concentration ________________

f. When the required amount of one solution has been added to the second solution to complete the reaction ____________

Explanation:

a. Solution of an unknown concentration that has another solution slowly added to it is called analyte.

b. Process of slowly adding a solution to react with another solution and determine the concentration of one of the solutions based on the reaction between them is called titration.

c. A reagent added to the analyte solution that changes color when the reaction is complete is called an indicator.

d. Glassware that allows a solution to be precisely and slowly added to another solution is called a pipette.

e. Solution of known concentration that is slowly added to a solution of unknown concentration is called titrant.

f. When the required amount of one solution has been added to the second solution to complete the reaction is called neutralization.

Answer:

Yes. The solution would be optically active.

Explanation:

Diastereomer are defined as the image that is non mirror and non -identical. It is made up of two stereoisomers. They are formed when the two stereoisomers or more than two stereoisomers of the compound have the same configuration at the equivalent stereocenters.

In the given context, as the product given is a diastereomeric mixture, the product would have an optical activity in total.

So the answer is Yes.

Answer:

Explanation:

From the given information:

We are to make use of the spinach absorbance extract which is the corrected absorbance  (y) = 0.306

And also the trendline equation:

y = 1609x + 0.0055

where,

x = absorbance of the spinach extract.

∴

0.306 = 1609x + 0.0055

collecting the like terms

0.306 - 0.0055 = 1609x

0.3005  = 1609x

x = 0.3005/1609

x = 1.8676 × 10⁻⁴

x ≅ 0.0002 M

No. of grams for the chlorophyll can be computed as follows:

recall that:

molar mass of chlorophyll = 893.5 g/mol

the volume = 25ml = (25/1000) L = 0.025 L

∴

In spinach solution, the no. of grams for the chlorophyll:

= (0.0002) mol/L × (893.5 g/mol) × (0.025) L

= 0.0044675 g

≅ 0.0045 g

In the spinach, the concentration of chlorophyll = no of grams of chlorophyll/ mass of the spinach

= 4.5 mg/0.1876 g

= 23.987 mg/g

≅ 24 mg/g

From the given information:

Chlorophyll is any member of the class of the green pigments involved in the photosynthesis process.

And also the trendline equation:

y = 1609x + 0.0055

where,

x = absorbance of the spinach extract.

so 0.306 = 1609x + 0.0055

collecting the like terms

0.306 - 0.0055 = 1609x

0.3005  = 1609x

x = 0.3005/1609

x = 1.8676 × 10⁻⁴

x ≅ 0.0002 M

2. No.of grams for the chlorophyll can be computed as follows:

recall that:

molar mass of chlorophyll = 893.5 g/mol

The volume = 25ml = (25/1000) L = 0.025 L

Therefore:

In spinach solution, the no. of grams for the chlorophyll:

= (0.0002) mol/L × (893.5 g/mol) × (0.025) L

= 0.0044675 g

≅ 0.0045 g

3. In the spinach, the concentration of chlorophyll = no of grams of chlorophyll/ mass of the spinach

= 4.5 mg/0.1876 g

= 23.987 mg/g

≅ 24 mg/g

Read more about chlorophyll here:

https://brainly.com/question/3529377

Answer:

3 > 2> 1

Explanation:

Aromatic compounds undergo electrophilic substitution reaction which passes through a positively charged intermediate to yield the product.

Substituted benzenes may be more or less reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution than benzene molecule depending on the nature of the substituent.

Certain substituents increase the ease of reaction of benzene towards aromatic substitution.

If we look at the compounds closely, we will notice that toluene reacts readily with CH3Cl / AlCl3. This is because, the methyl group is electron donating hence it stabilizes the positively charged intermediate produced in the reaction.

Carbonyl compounds are electron withdrawing substituents hence they decrease the magnitude of the positive charge and hence decrease the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Answer:

Multiply the number of moles of butane by its molar mass, 58.12g/mol, to produce the mass of butane. Mass of butane = 18.8g.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

It is possible to generate electricity through a chemical reaction in two ways;

I) use of a voltaic cell where spontaneous chemical processes produce electrical energy.

ii) use of an electrolytic cell where non spontaneous chemical processes produce electrical energy.

The chemical formula of ethane is C2H6

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethane is as follows;

C2H6 + 7/2 O2 ------> 2CO2 + 3H2O

Answer:

According to the four quantum numbers; magnetic quantum number is the same as angular momentum quantum number. so the answer is 5

Explanation:

for d subshell angular momentum "d" is assigned a value of : m= 2(range from negative to positive i.e, -2 to 2) so we have [ -2, -1 ,0, 1 , 2] which concludes to 5.

Answer:

La temperatura final del sistema es 1029,346 °C.

Explanation:

Asumamos que el sistema conformado por el cobre y el estaño no tiene interacciones con sus alrededores. Por la Primera Ley de la Termodinámica, el cobre cede calor al estaño con tal de alcanzar el equilibrio térmico. El cobre se encuentra inicialmente en su punto de fusión, mientras que el estaño está por encima de ese punto, de modo que la transferencia de calor es esencialmente sensible:

[tex]m_{Cu}\cdot c_{Cu}\cdot (T-T_{Cu}) = m_{Sn}\cdot c_{Sn}\cdot (T_{Sn}-T)[/tex]

[tex](m_{Cu}\cdot c_{Cu} + m_{Sn}\cdot c_{Sn})\cdot T = m_{Sn}\cdot c_{Sn}\cdot T_{Sn} + m_{Cu}\cdot c_{Cu}\cdot T_{Cu}[/tex]

[tex]T = \frac{m_{Sn}\cdot c_{Sn}\cdot T_{Sn}+m_{Cu}\cdot c_{Cu}\cdot T_{Cu}}{m_{Cu}\cdot c_{Cu}+m_{Sn}\cdot c_{Sn}}[/tex] (1)

Donde:

[tex]m_{Sn}[/tex] - Masa del estaño, en gramos.

[tex]m_{Cu}[/tex] - Masa del cobre, en gramos.

[tex]c_{Sn}[/tex] - Calor específico del estaño, en calorías por gramo-grados Celsius.

[tex]c_{Cu}[/tex] - Calor específico del cobre, en calorías por gramo-grados Celsius.

[tex]T_{Sn}[/tex] - Temperatura inicial del estaño, en grados Celsius.

[tex]T_{Cu}[/tex] - Temperatura inicial del cobre, en grados Celsius.

Si sabemos que [tex]m_{Cu} = 150\,g[/tex], [tex]m_{Sn} = 35\,g[/tex], [tex]c_{Cu} = 0,093\,\frac{cal}{g\cdot ^{\circ}C}[/tex], [tex]c_{Sn} = 0,060\,\frac{cal}{g\cdot ^{\circ}C}[/tex], [tex]T_{Sn} = 560\,^{\circ}C[/tex] y [tex]T_{Cu} = 1100\,^{\circ}C[/tex], entonces la temperatura final del sistema es:

[tex]T = \frac{(35\,g)\cdot \left(0,060\,\frac{cal}{g\cdot ^{\circ}C} \right)\cdot (560\,^{\circ}C)+(150\,g)\cdot \left(0,093\,\frac{cal}{g\cdot ^{\circ}C} \right)\cdot (1100\,^{\circ}C)}{(35\,g)\cdot \left(0,060\,\frac{cal}{g\cdot ^{\circ}C} \right)+(150\,g)\cdot \left(0,093\,\frac{cal}{g\cdot ^{\circ}C} \right)}[/tex]

[tex]T = 1029,346\,^{\circ}C[/tex]

La temperatura final del sistema es 1029,346 °C.

Answer: A Bronsted-Lowry acid is defined as a substance that acts as a proton donor.

Explanation:

A substance that is able to donate a proton or hydrogen ion to another substance is a Bronsted-Lowry acid.

For example, HCl is a Bronsted-Lowry acid as it dissociates to give a hydrogen ion.

[tex]HCl \rightleftharpoons H^{+} + Cl^{-}[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that a Bronsted-Lowry acid is defined as a substance that acts as a proton donor.

Answer:

Mass CO2 = 3.75 grams

Mass H2O = 2.30 grams

Mass SO2 = 2.73 grams

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Density of Liquid ethyl mercaptan, C2H6S = 0.84 g/mL

Volume of ethyl mercaptan = 3.15 mL

Step 2: The reaction

2C2H6S + 9O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O + 2SO2

Step 3: Calculate mass of ethyl mercaptan

Mass = Volume * density

Mass ethyl mercaptan = 3.15 mL * 0.84 g/mL

Mass ethyl mercaptan = 2.646 grams

Step 4: Calculate moles ethyl mercaptan

Moles = mass / molar mass

Moles ethyl mercaptan = 2.646 grams / 62.13 g/mol

Moles ethyl mercaptan = 0.04259 moles

Step 5: Calculate moles of other products

For 2 moles ethyl mercaptan we need 9 moles O2 to produce 4 moles CO2, 6 moles H2O and 2 moles SO2

For 0.04259 moles we need 0.1917 moles O2 to produce:

2*0.04259 = 0.08518 moles CO2

3*0.04259 = 0.1278 moles H2O

1*0.04259 = 0.04259 moles SO2

Step 6: Calculate mass produced

Mass = moles * molar mass

Mass CO2 = 0.08518 moles * 44.01 g/mol

Mass CO2 = 3.75 grams

Mass H2O = 0.1278 moles * 18.02 g/mol

Mass H2O = 2.30 grams

Mass SO2 = 0.04259 moles * 64.07 g/mol

Mass SO2 = 2.73 grams

anode is oxidation

so look at the reduction potential for Pt and Kl

the one with the smaller reduction potential will undergo oxidation

the one with the larger reduction potential will undergo reduction

you have to flip the equation that undergoes oxidation because the reduction table always gives reduction equations

Answer:

b. The anion affects the color of the solution more than the intensity of the color.

Explanation:

An ionic compound is one that is made up of ions held together by electrostatic forces. The ions are made up of positively charged ions known as cations and negatively charged ions known as anions. In compounds with a high ionic attribute, anions produce colorless compounds. But compounds that have less ionic attributes produce deeper colors like black and red. When in solutions, ionic compounds take on color and this is because of the anion that absorbs infrared light energy.

Answer: The total partial pressure of the solution is 131.37 torr.

Explanation:

The number of moles is defined as the ratio of the mass of a substance to its molar mass. The equation used is:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ......(1)

Given mass of glucose = 46.8 g

Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mol

Plugging values in equation 1:

[tex]\text{Moles of glucose}=\frac{46.8g}{180g/mol}=0.26 mol[/tex]

Given mass of methanol = 117 g

Molar mass of methanol = 32 g/mol

Plugging values in equation 1:

[tex]\text{Moles of methanol}=\frac{117g}{32g/mol}=3.66 mol[/tex]

Mole fraction is defined as the moles of a component present in the total moles of a solution. It is given by the equation:

[tex]\chi_A=\frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}[/tex] .....(2)

where n is the number of moles

Putting values in equation 2:

[tex]\chi_{methanol}=\frac{3.66}{0.26+3.66}=0.934[/tex]

Raoult's law is the law used to calculate the partial pressure of the individual gases present in the mixture. The equation for Raoult's law follows:

[tex]p_A=\chi_A\times p_T[/tex] .....(3)

where [tex]p_A[/tex] is the partial pressure of component A in the mixture and [tex]p_T[/tex] is the total partial pressure of the mixture

We are given:

[tex]p_{methanol}=122.7torr\\\chi_{methanol}=0.934[/tex]

Putting values in equation 3, we get:

[tex]122.7torr=0.066\times p_T\\\\p_T=\frac{122.7torr}{0.934}=131.37torr[/tex]

Hence, the total partial pressure of the solution is 131.37 torr.

Answer:

the product and the reactant must be balanced

if u are required to give the mechanism if the reaction it must be written

Explanation:

here is your answer. Hope it helps

Answer:

Option A is correct, there will be no N2 left in the flask

Explanation:

Step 1 : Data given

Number of moles of N2 = 135 mmol = 0.135 mol

Number of moles of H2 = 405 mmol = 0.405 mol

Step 2: The reaction

N2(g)+3H2(g)→2NH3(g)

Step 3:

For 1 mol N2 we need 3 moles H2 to produce 2 moles NH3

Both will completely react. There is no limiting reactant.

There will be produce 0.270 moles NH3.

Option A is correct, there will be no N2 left in the flask

Answer:

i have no answer for part A

part B

the one that has a 4 can be divided by 2 because reducing

part c

you can determine if an equation is written in the correct way by balancing the equation as if it had not been done already.

Answer:

7.6×10¹⁰

Explanation:

7.296×10²÷9.6×10⁻⁹

To solve such problem,

We group the whole number ans solved seperately and also group the indices and solve the seperately

Step1 : 7.296/9.6 = 0.76

Step 2: applying the law of indices,

10²÷10⁻⁹ = 10⁽²⁺⁹⁾ = 10¹¹

Therefore,

7.296×10²÷9.6×10⁻⁹ = 0.76×10¹¹ = 7.6×10¹⁰

Answer:

the percent dissociation is  0.69 %

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

benzoic acid C₆H₅CO₂H

C₆H₅COOH[tex]_{(aq)[/tex]  ⇔ C₆H₅COO[tex]_{-(aq)[/tex] + H[tex]_{+(aq)[/tex]

Ka =  [C₆H₅COO- ][ H+ ] / [ C₆H₅COOH ] = 6.28 × 10⁻⁵

given that it dissociated in a 1.3 M  aqueous solution.

so Initial concentration is;  

[ C₆H₅COOH ] = 1.3

[C₆H₅COO- ] = 0

[ H+ ] = 0

Change in concentration

[ C₆H₅COOH ] = -x

[C₆H₅COO- ] = +x

[ H+ ] = +x

Concentration equilibrium

[ C₆H₅COOH ] = 1.3 - x

[C₆H₅COO- ] = +x

[ H+ ] = +x

Hence,

x² / ( 1.3 - x ) = 6.28 × 10⁻⁵

6.28 × 10⁻⁵( 1.3 - x ) = x²

8.164 × 10⁻⁵ - 6.28 × 10⁻⁵x = x²

x² + 6.28 × 10⁻⁵x - 8.164 × 10⁻⁵ = 0

solve for x

ax² + bx - c = 0

x = [ -b ± √( b² - 4ac ) ] / [ 2a ]

we substitute  

x = [ -6.28 × 10⁻⁵ ± √( (6.28 × 10⁻⁵)² - (4 × 1 × -8.164 × 10⁻⁵ ) ) ] / [ 2 × 1 ]  

x = [ -6.28 × 10⁻⁵ ± 0.01807 ] / [ 2]

x = [ -6.28 × 10⁻⁵ - 0.01807 ] / [ 2]  or [ -6.28 × 10⁻⁵ + 0.01807 ] / [ 2]

x = -0.0090664 or 0.0090036

so x = 0.0090036

hence

[ H+ ] = +x = 0.0090036 M

[C₆H₅COO- ] = +x = 0.0090036 M

Initial concentration of [ C₆H₅COOH ] = 1.3 M

concentration of C₆H₅COOH dissociated = 0.0090036 M

percent dissociation of C₆H₅COOH will be;

⇒ ( 0.0090036 M / 1.3 M ) × 100 = 0.69 %

Therefore, the percent dissociation is  0.69 %

Answer:

a. 8.3= pKa of the aminoacid

b. Cysteine

Explanation:

The pH of an acid can be obtained using the H-H equation:

pH = pKa + log [A-] / [HA]

Where pH is the pH of the buffer = 7.0

pKa is the pka of the conjugate acid = ?

[A-] / [HA] is the ratio between conjugate base and conjugate acid. As the ratio of conjugate acid to conjugate base = 20:1, the [A-] / [HA] = 1/20

Replacing:

7 = pKa + log 1/20

7 = pKa - 1.30

7+1.30 = 8.3 = pKa of the aminoacid

The only aminoacid with a side chain with pKa = 8.3 is:

Cysteine. Allowing its identification.

☛ 299,792,458 meters per second.