Answer:
a. minimum voltage that must be supplied for a redox reaction to occur
c. always equal to Eanode - Ecathode
Explanation:
In an electrolytic cell; The electromotive force(the maximum standard potential difference) of the cell formed by the system is defined as the standard electrode potential of the right handed electrode minus the standard electrode potential of the left hand electrode. (i.e [tex]\mathbf{E^{\theta}_{cell}=E_{anode} - E_{cathode}}[/tex] )
As we all known that the process by which chemical energy is being converted to electrical energy is called the Electrochemical cell. It consists of two half cells , an oxidation half cell reaction and a reduction half-cell reaction.The overall redox reaction results in a flow of electrons in an electric current which is produced by a minimum voltage.
Therefore, option a and c are both correct.
Which of the following compounds will have the highest molar solubility in pure water?
a. PbS, Ksp = 9.04 × 10^-29
b. CuS, Ksp = 1.27 × 10^-36
c. Al(OH)3, Ksp = 3 × 10^-34
d. ZnS, Ksp = 1.6 × 10^-24
e. Ag2S, Ksp = 8 × 10^-4
Answer:
ZnS, Ksp=2.0×10−25
Explanation:
The Ksp is a constant that let us know the capacity of the compound to easily dissociates in water. The higher the Ksp, the more soluble the compound is. In the exercise giving, the highest Ksp is 2.0×10−25, that means ZnS will dilutes easily than others
1-hexanol was prepared by reacting an alkene with either hydroboration-oxidation or oxymercuration-reduction. Draw the structure of the alkene that was used to prepare the alcohol in highest yield.
Answer:
hex-1-ene with a hydroboration-oxidation reaction
Explanation:
In this case, we can start with the structure of 1-hexanol. In this alcohol, the "OH" is on the first carbon. Thus, the alkene that this alcohol can produce must have a double bond between carbons 1 and 2, that is, hex-1-ene.
Now, it is important to know which of the reactions we can use, hydroboration-oxidation, or oxymercuration-reduction. To decide which reaction to using, we must look again at the alcohol we want to produce. In this alcohol, the "OH" is attached to a primary carbon. Therefore, the addition of the "OH" must be made on the least substituted carbon, that is, carbon number 1.
Because of this, an anti-Markovnikov reaction (a reaction in which the "OH" is added on the less substituted carbon) must be used. The reaction, which serves us then is: hydroboration-oxidation since this reaction is anti-markovnikov.
See figure 1
I hope it helps!
Write the structural and condensed formulas as well as the names for all isomers of C3H7Cl and C3H6Cl2.?
Answer:
[tex]C_3H_7Cl[/tex] = Two structures
[tex]C_3H_6Cl_2[/tex] = Four structures
Explanation:
We must remember that in an isomer we have the same molecular formula but different structures. Thus, for the molecule [tex]C_3H_7Cl[/tex] we can draw a linear structure of 3 carbons and change the position of the chlorine atom, obtaining two different structures.
For the molecule [tex]C_3H_6Cl_2[/tex], we can use similar logic. Place a chain of 3 carbons and change the position of the chlorine atoms in such a way that for this formula we will have 4 different structures.
See figures 1 and 2 for further explanations.
Based on the lesson how are individuals and economics similar
Answer:
HI!!
Explanation:
The correct answer is A) they both must decide how to allocate resources. Based on the lesson, individuals and economies are similar because both must decide how to allocate resources.
Answer:
A - They both must decide how to allocate resources
Explanation:
>.<
Witch two substances are needed for cellular respiration
Answer:
Oxygen and glucose
Explanation:
____________
Draw the product of the reaction between CH3CH=CHCH3 and H2 under a platinum catalyst.
Answer:
CH₃CH₂-CH₂CH₃
Explanation:
When an alkene, R-CH=CH-R reacts with H₂ in a Pt catalyst, the analogue alkane, R-CH₂-CH₂-R, is produced (Hydrogenation of alkenes via Pt/Pd catalyst)
Thus, the reaction of CH₃CH=CHCH₃ with H₂ under a platinum catalyst produce:
CH₃CH₂-CH₂CH₃The analogue alkane
The addition of hydrogen to CH3CH=CHCH3 leads to the formation of CH3CH2CH2CH3.
An alkene is a hydrocarbon that contains a C=C double bond. An alkene undergoes addition reaction in which a molecule is added across the double bond to form a saturated hydrocarbon.
The addition of H2 to CH3CH=CHCH3 yields butane as shown in the image attached. The platinum metal serves a catalyst in the reaction.
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Which rocky planet is the most similar to earth.Why?
Answer:
Mars
Explanation:
Mars is the planet with features that are really similar to the earth. As a matter of fact, Mars and the earth are referred to as "twin planets".
Mars and Earth are believed to have historically had even more similar attributes, however, that of mars was lost due to changes in the solar system.
The two planets are mostly similar because of their relatively similar size and proximity to the sun.
You observe an exothermic gaseous reaction that is not spontaneous in forward direction at 1 atm and 298K. Which of the following statements about this reaction is true? a. This reaction will become spontaneous in forward direction at some temperature below 298K. b. This reaction will be spontaneous in forward direction at a higher pressure at 298K. c. This reaction will become spontaneous in forward direction at some temperature above 298K. d. This reaction is never spontaneous. e. The reverse reaction is always spontaneous.
Answer: option (a) is the correct answer
Explanation:
The complete questions says;
You observe an exothermic gaseous reaction that is not spontaneous in forward direction at 1 atm and 298K. Which of the following statements about this reaction is true? a. This reaction will become spontaneous in forward direction at some temperature below 298K. b. This reaction will be spontaneous in forward direction at a higher pressure at 298K. c. This reaction will become spontaneous in forward direction at some temperature above 298K. d. This reaction is never spontaneous. e. The reverse reaction is always spontaneous.
The Answer:
(a). This reaction will become spontaneous in forward direction at some temperature below 298K
Explanation: First of all, we can acknowledge that the reaction seen here is an exothermic one, i.e energy is released in the process outwardly and as a result temperature is reduced during this process of energy loss.
Having understood that scenario, say we reduce it's temperature by ourself than forward reaction favors and after reaching at particular temperature, therefore we can confirm this to be a spontaneous reaction.
Let us use this to confirm what we have been saying.
Given;
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
here ΔH is negative
it is non spontaneous, which means ΔG is positive so we continuously decraeses it's temperature than at a particular temperature.
The Entropy change becomes positive and reaction becomes spontaneous and ΔG become negative.
cheers i hope this helped !!
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
c
SOLVE Use the density formula to solve the following problems.
A sample of a substance has a volume of 60.5 mL and a density of
1.20 g/mL. What is the mass of the sample?
09
5. Which of the following statements about the modern
Quantum model of the atom is TRUE?
a. Electron clouds are formed by electron movement.
b. Only protons form the nucleus.
c. Protons and electrons form the nucleus.
d. Neutrons in the nucleus have a positive charge.
The mixing of which pair of reactants will result in a precipitation reaction?
A. AsI(aq) + NaOH(aq)
B. NaNO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq)
C. K2SO4(aq) + Ba (NO3)2(aq)
D. HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq)
E. None of the above.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Give an example of an element and an example of a compound.
Answer:
an element is a atom like titanium and a compound is like a water, glucose, alcohol and salt
Explanation:
the titanium is a element and water, glucose, alcohol, and salt those are a compound
A student performed an experiment to test the acidity of foods. Put the following steps in the order they should occur.
The student
records the acidity of the food.
asks a question about food’s acidity.
observes that there are acidic foods.
presents the results to the class.
prepares to conduct the experiment.
creates a hypothesis about the acidity.
Answer:
prepare
creates
observe
ask
records
present
An insoluble solid is placed in water and the system allowed to reach equilibrium. The ratio of the rate at which ions join the solution and the rate at which ions join the lattice will be:
Answer:
One.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the equilibrium condition is characterized by the equality of the rates at which a process happen and the contrary process happen, so its ratio is 1. For instance, a chemical reaction at equilibrium will have a contant ratio of the velocity at which the products are formed and the reactants consumed
However, for the described insoluble solid that is allowed the reach equilibrium, the ratio of the rate at which ions join the solution and the rate at which ions join the lattice will be one since it reaches an equilibrium state.
Best regards.
2. (2 points) Calculate the Effective Nuclear Charge for each atom. Show all of your work for full credit. Se: Br: (1 point) Which atom is larger? (This is your claim.)
The question is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Consider the selenium atom, Se, and the bromine atom, Br.
Write out the full electron configuration fro each atom.
Se:
Br:
Calculate the Effective Nuclear Charge for each atom. Show all of your work for full credit.
Se:
Br:
Which atom is larger?
Answer and Explanation: Electron Configuration of an atom demonstrates the shape and energy of its electrons. One of the rules used for it is given by using Madelung's Rule, in which the order of increased energy of the electrons is:
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 4p < 5s < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s < 5f < 6d < 7p
Atom of Selenium (Se) has 34 electrons. Its electron configuration is
Se: [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{4}[/tex]
Atom of Bromine has 35 electrons. Its electron configuration is
Br: [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{5}[/tex]
Effective Nuclear Charge ([tex]Z_{eff}[/tex])is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. In other words, it is the net force that helds nucleus and electrons together.
It is calculated by: [tex]Z_{eff}=Z-S[/tex]
where
Z is the atomic number, i.e., number of protons of the atom
S is the nonvalence electrons, i.e., the number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron in question.
For Selenium (Se):
From the electron configuration, the valence shell is 4 with 6 valence electrons. Nonvalence electrons is the difference between valence and total electrons:
S = 34 - 6 = 28
[tex]Z_{eff}=34-28[/tex] = 6
The Effective Nuclear Charge of Se is 6
For Bromine (Br):
The valence shell, according to the configuration, is 4 and valence electrons are 7.
S = 35 - 7 = 28
[tex]Z_{eff}=35-28[/tex] = 7
The Effective Nuclear Charge fo Br is 7.
Bromine is larger than Selenium because it has bigger Effective Nuclear Charge, which means it held its electrons more loosely and, consequently, has a larger atomic radius.
Which type(s) of matter would need to be separated by chemical methods?
Answer:
solids, liquids, gases, or plasma
Explanation:
In chemistry, a chemical substance is a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into components without breaking chemical bonds. Chemical substances can be solids, liquids, gases, or plasma
hich of these processes are chemical reactions? boiling an egg crushing spices vegetables rotting chopping vegetables dew forming
Answer:
Boiling an egg is a chemical reaction
Vegetable rotting is a chemical reaction.
Chemical reaction: In this Chemical reaction takes place and new products is formed.
Explanation:
What theory offers a description of submicroscopic properties of matter and connects them to observable macroscopic properties?
Answer:
Kinetic Molecular theory of matter
Explanation:
Answer:
The kinetic molecular theory of matter offers a description of the microscopic properties of atoms (or molecules) and their interactions, leading to observable macroscopic properties (such as pressure, volume, temperature).
Explanation:
Which of the following solutions would have the highest osmotic pressure?
a) 0.35 m CH4N2O
b) pure water
c) 0.15 m Zn(CH3COO)2
d) 0.10 m Cr2(SO4)3
e) 0.16 m BaI2
Answer:
Option d. 0.10 m Cr₂(SO₄)₃
Explanation:
Formula for the osmotic pressure is determined as:
π = M . R . T . i
So you have to take account the i (Van't Hoff factor, numbers of ions dissolved)
CH₄N₂O → 0.35 mUrea is an organic compound, so the i value is 1
H₂O → The i is also 1Zn(CH₃COO)₂ → 0.15 mZync acetate can be dissociated:
Zn(CH₃COO)₂ → 1Zn²⁺ + 2CH₃COO⁻
In this case, the i is 3. (you see, the stoichiometry of ions)
Cr₂(SO₄)₃ → 0.10 m
Chromium sulfate is dissociated:
Cr₂(SO₄)₃ → 2Cr³⁺ + 3SO₄⁻²
i = 5
BaI₂ → 0.16 m
BaI₂ → 1Ba²⁺ + 2I⁻
i = 3
A mountaineer shouts for help Half a second later (0.5 she hears the echo How far away is the rock face which is reflecting her voice (take the speed of sound to be 330 m/s
Answer:
82.5 metres
Explanation:
speed=330m|s
initial time taken =0.5÷2=0.25
distance=speed×time
330m|s × 0.25s = 82.5m
Iron(II) chloride is added to sodium carbonate. The reaction is described by the balanced equation below. (7 points) FeCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) FeCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq) i. Write the complete ionic equation from the balanced equation. (3 points) ii. What are the spectator ions in the reaction? (1 point) iii. Write the net ionic equation from the complete ionic equation. (2 points)
Answer:
Explanation:
FeCl₂(aq) + Na₂CO₃(aq) ⇒ FeCO₃(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
complete ionic equation
Fe⁺²(aq) + 2 Cl⁻(aq) + 2 Na⁺(aq) + CO₃⁻² (aq) ⇒ FeCO₃(s)+ 2 Na⁺(aq) +2Cl⁻(aq)
Spectator ions = Cl⁻(aq) , Na⁺(aq)
Net ionic equation
Fe⁺²(aq) + CO₃⁻² (aq) ⇒ FeCO₃(s).
The Complete ionic equation:
Fe²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq) → FeCO₃(s) + 2Na⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq)
ii. Spectator ions: Na⁺(aq) and Cl⁻(aq)
iii. Net ionic equation:
Fe²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq) → FeCO₃(s)
An ionic equation is a chemical equation that shows the dissociation of all soluble ionic compounds into their respective ions in a solution. It represents the species present in their ionic form rather than as complete compounds.
In an ionic equation, only the ions involved in the chemical reaction are shown, while the spectator ions, which do not participate in the reaction, are omitted. This type of equation provides a more focused representation of the chemical reaction occurring between the ions.
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Explain the differences between mass and weight among energy, heat, and enthalpy.
Answer:
If you are thinking of the thermodynamic definitions Internal energy change is defined as the heat gained by a system less the work done by the system
E = Q-W. This combination is a state function meaning it depends on the initial and final states of a system and is path independent while work and heat change are path dependent.
Enthalpy change is defined as H = E+ PV A change in Enthalpy is also a state function. The most useful factor of enthalpy is that at constant pressure The heat of reaction Q is a measure of enthalpy and is also a state function.
hope this helps !!
A coefficient is a constant by which a variable is multiplied. In chemistry, a coefficient is the number in front of a formula. (The 2 in 2CH4 is the coefficient.) The coefficients in a chemical equation represent the proportion of A) products to reactants. B) the amount of atoms in a solid phase to the amount in a liquid phase. C) mass to volume. D) molecules or atoms relative to other molecules or atoms.
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
The coefficients in a chemical reaction are called stochiometric coefficients
they represent the number of atoms or molecules they are multiplied to.
A chemical reaction has generally this form:
Reactants ⇒ productsAnswer:
Products to reactants
Two elements, R and Q, combine to form two binary compounds. In the first compound, 14.0 g of R combines with 3.00 g of Q. In the second compound, 7.00 g of R combines with 4.50 g of Q. If the formula of the second compound is RQ3, what is the formula of the first compound?
Answer:
The formula of the first compound is RQ
Explanation:
Chemical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of moles of each element in the compound.
To determine the formula of a compound we must know the molar mass of each element (How many grams weighs a mole of the compound).
The formula of the second compound is RQ₃. That is 1 mole of R and 3 moles of Q.
1 mole of R weighs 7.00g. That means its molar mass is 7g/mol.
3 moles of Q weighs 4.50g. Its molar mass is 4.50g / 3 moles: 1.50g/mol
In the first compound, there are 14.0g = 2 moles of R
And 3.00g of Q = 2 moles of Q.
And you can think formula is:
R₂Q₂
But, as formula is the simplest whole number ratio,
The formula of the first compound is RQCould someone tell what element your
specific atom is based on your model?
Explain.
help! plz
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines the type element: the number of protons in an element is the atomic number on the periodic table (number at the top)
Each atom has characteristic number of protons present in it's nucleus which is unique for that element.
What is an element?An element is defined as a substance which cannot be broken down further into any other substance. Each element is made up of its own type of atom. Due to this reason all elements are different from one another.
Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals. Metals are shiny and conduct electricity and are all solids at room temperature except mercury. Non-metals do not conduct electricity and are mostly gases at room temperature except carbon and sulfur.
The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element and is related to the atomic number.All atoms with same atomic number are atoms of same element.
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If this is a p1000 micropipette, then this is set to dispense [ Select]ul. If this is a p10
micropipette, then this is set to dispense [ Select ]ul.
Answer:
1000 µL; 10 µL
Explanation:
A p1000 micropipet is set to dispense 1000 µL.
A p10 micropipet set to dispense 10 µL.
What energy transfer is occurring when a battery powered toy rolls across the floor ?
Caprylic acid, CH₃-(CH₂)₄-CH₂-CH₂-COOH, is a fatty acid.
a. Draw the condensed structural formula for the activated form of caprylic acid
b. Indicate the α- & β-carbon atoms in caprylic acid.
c. State the number of β-oxidation cycles for the complete oxidation of caprylic acid.
d. State the number of acetyl-CoAs from the complete oxidation of caprylic acid.
Answer:
a. See figure 1
b. See figure 2
c. Three cycles
d. Four Acetyl-CoAs
Explanation:
a. Draw the condensed structural formula for the activated form of caprylic acid
For the activation of the fatty acid, an ATP molecule is needed to bind AMP in the acid group and then an Acetyl-CoA molecule to generate the activated fatty acid. (See figure 1)
b. Indicate the α- & β-carbon atoms in caprylic acid
By definition, the alpha and beta carbons are the carbons that are in positions 2 and 3 respectively to the main carbon. In this case, the main carbon is the carbon from the acid group, therefore the alpha carbon will be carbon 2 (red arrow) and the beta carbon will be carbon 3 (blue arrow). (See figure 2).
c. State the number of β-oxidation cycles for the complete oxidation of caprylic acid.
To calculate the cycles we have to use the equation:
[tex]Number~of~cycles:\frac{n}{2}-1[/tex], where n is the amount of carbons, in this case, we have 8 carbons, so:
[tex]Number~of~cycles:\frac{8}{2}-1=3[/tex]
We will have 3 cycles. (See figure 3)
d. State the number of acetyl-CoAs from the complete oxidation of caprylic acid
In the β-oxidation metabolic cycle, we have a relationship between Acetyl-CoA produced and the number of carbons:
[tex]Number~of~Acetyl~Coas:\frac{n}{2}[/tex] if n=8 we will have:
[tex]Number~of~Acetyl~Coas:\frac{8}{2}=4~Acetyl~Coas[/tex]
We will have 4 Acetyl-CoAs.
I hope it helps!
If the toxic quantity is 1.5 gg of ethylene glycol per 1000 gg of body mass, what percentage of ethylene glycol is fatal
Answer:
The percentage of ethylene glycol that is fatal is 0.15 %
Explanation:
If the toxic quantity of ethylene glycol in a 1kg or 1000 g body weight is 1.5 g then the percentage of ethylene glycol that is fatal is
[tex]\frac{1.5}{1000}[/tex] ˣ 100 = 0.15%
Hence, the percentage of ethylene glycol that is toxic for any body weight is 0.15%. This percentage is very important in various aspects of science including drug discovery and food production/processing
A 0.56 M solution of AlCl₃ is determined to have a concentration of particles of 1.79 M. What is the van't Hoff factor for AlCl₃?
Answer:
Van't Hoff factor for AlCl₃ = 3 (Approx)
Explanation:
Given:
Number of observed particular = 1.79 M
Number of theoretical particular = 0.56 M
Find:
Van't Hoff factor for AlCl₃
Computation:
Van't Hoff factor for AlCl₃ = Number of observed particular / Number of theoretical particular
Van't Hoff factor for AlCl₃ = 1.79 M / 0.56 M
Van't Hoff factor for AlCl₃ = 3.19
Van't Hoff factor for AlCl₃ = 3 (Approx)
The Van't Hoff factor for the AlCl₃ solution is 3
What is Van't Hoff factor?Van't Hoff factor describes the number of ions in a solution. The Van't Hoff factor for non-electrolyte is always 1 while it varies for ionic solutions.
How to determine the Van't Hoff factorFrom the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Actual molarity of particular = 1.79 MTheoretical molarity of particular = 0.56 MVan't Hoff factor for AlCl₃ =?Van't Hoff factor = Actual molarity / Theoretical molarity
Van't Hoff factor for AlCl₃ = 1.79 / 0.56
Van't Hoff factor for AlCl₃ ≈ 3
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