In a spectrophotometer, both absorbance and transmittance indicate the amount of light passing through a sample. A high absorbance corresponds to a low transmittance.
Absorbance and transmittance are light-sample interactions measured by spectrophotometers. Absorbance and transmittance are inversely connected and can quantify how much light a sample absorbs at a specific wavelength.
"A" represents a sample's light absorption, which is proportional to its absorbing material concentration. A beam of light is sent through the sample to measure absorbance. Concentration increases light absorption and absorbance.
Transmittance (T) measures how much light travels through a sample without being absorbed. Transmittance is the ratio of light that goes through the sample to light that hits it. Transmittance increases as light absorption decreases.
In summary, absorbance and transmittance measure light's interaction with a sample and estimate the concentration of an absorbing substance.
The complete question is;
In a spectrophotometer, both absorbance and transmittance indicate _______Passing through a sample. A high absorbance corresponds to a _______Transmittance.
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Plants produce glucose and oxygen in an endothermic reaction called photosynthesis. The equation for the reaction for photosynthesis is shown below. 6H₂O + 6CO₂ CH12O6 + 602 (Calculate the mass of glucose, C6H12O6, made when 1.0g of water reacts with carbon dioxide. [Ar: C, 12; H, 1; 0, 16] Show your working in the box.
Plants produce glucose and oxygen in an endothermic reaction called photosynthesis. The mass of glucose, C6H12O6, made when 1.0g of water reacts with carbon dioxide is 60gm.
What is photosynthesis ?Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to change light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be passed to fuel the organism's activities.
6H₂O + 6CO₂ CH12O6 + 602
We must convert the water to moles. We know that the molar mass of
Water 18
= 1 / 18
= 0.055
Now we look at our chemical equation's mole ratios. We can see that
6 moles of water produce 1 mole of glucose.
therefore, we will have 1/3 mol of glucose
The molar mass of glucose is 180
= 60gm of glucose will produce.
Thus, the mass of glucose, C6H12O6, made when 1.0g of water reacts with carbon dioxide is 60gm.
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Why is sodium nitride na3n?
Sodium nitride (Na₃N) is an ionic compound that is formed when sodium (Na) reacts with nitrogen (N) under appropriate conditions.
Sodium has a valency of +1, meaning it can donate one electron to form a cation with a charge of +1. Nitrogen has a valency of -3, meaning it can accept three electrons to form an anion with a charge of -3.
In order to form a stable compound, three sodium cations are needed to balance the charge of one nitride anion. This results in the chemical formula Na₃N, where the subscript 3 indicates that there are three sodium atoms for every one nitrogen atom in the compound.
The ionic bond between sodium and nitrogen in Na₃N results from the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged sodium ions and the negatively charged nitride ions.
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what is the one factor that often most dramatically influences the rate of sn2?
Answer:
The rate of an SN2 reaction is significantly influenced by the solvent in which the reaction takes place. The use of protic solvents (those, such as water or alcohols, with hydrogen-bond donating capability) decreases the power of the nucleophile through strong solvation.
Explanation:
The rate of an SN2 reaction is significantly influenced by the solvent in which the reaction takes place. The use of protic solvents (those, such as water or alcohols, with hydrogen-bond donating capability) decreases the power of the nucleophile through strong solvation.
Rank the relative rates of the following alkyl halides in an E1 reaction. from fastest to slowest
The relative rates of the following alkyl halides in an E1 reaction from fastest to slowest are: Tertiary alkyl halide, Secondary alkyl halide, Primary alkyl halide, Methyl halide.
Tertiary alkyl halide - Tertiary carbocations are highly stable, making them the most reactive towards E1 reactions. Secondary alkyl halide - Secondary carbocations are less stable than tertiary carbocations, but more stable than primary carbocations. Therefore, secondary alkyl halides have a moderate rate of reaction in E1 reactions. Primary alkyl halide - Primary carbocations are relatively unstable and therefore less reactive in E1 reactions than secondary or tertiary carbocations. Hence, primary alkyl halides have a slower rate of reaction in E1 reactions. Methyl halide - Methyl carbocations cannot form because they lack neighboring carbon atoms. Therefore, they do not undergo E1 reactions.
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Pls helppp!! Multiple choice question
In which list can all particles be accelerated by an electric field?
1) Alpha, beta, and neutrons.
2) Alpha, protons, and neutrons.
3) Alpha, beta, and protons.
4) Beta, protons, and neutrons
Alpha, beta, and protons can all particles be accelerated by an electric field. Therefore, option 3 is correct.
What is an electric field ?The physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles and exerts force on all other charged particles in the field, either attracting or repelling them, is known as an electric field. It also refers to the physical field of a charged particle system.
Particle acceleration is a straightforward concept: an electric field moves a charged particle from one location to another. Because electric fields do not act on neutral particles, they can only accelerate electrons, protons, ions, and various antiparticles.
Thus, option 3 is correct.
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What is ammonium oxide formula ?
The formula for ammonium oxide is (NH₄)₂O.
Planar chains of alternately arranged ammonia and water molecules are joined together in ammonium oxide by hydrogen bonds of the OH... N and N-H O types. By use of the latter kind of hydrogen bonds, the chains are connected to one another to form a three-dimensional lattice.
This compound is made up of one nitrogen atom, four hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The significance of this formula is that it allows us to understand the chemical composition of ammonium oxide and how it reacts with other substances.
Knowing the formula also allows us to calculate the molar mass of ammonium oxide, which is important for stoichiometry calculations in chemistry.
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what does GHS stand for
In 2003, the United Nations (UN) adopted the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)
In 2003, the United Nations (UN) adopted the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). The GHS includes criteria for the classification of health, physical and environmental hazards, as well as specifying what information should be included on labels of hazardous chemicals as well as safety data sheets. The United States was an active participant in the development of the GHS, and is a member of the UN bodies established to maintain and coordinate implementation of the system. The official text of the GHS can be found on the UN web page.
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during the process of glycolysis, the potential chemical energy released by the breakdown of glucose is stored as
During the process of glycolysis, the potential chemical energy released by the breakdown of glucose is stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the cytoplasm of cells and involves the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. This process generates a small amount of ATP directly, but its primary function is to generate energy-rich compounds such as NADH and ATP that can be used in other metabolic pathways, such as cellular respiration.
The NADH and ATP generated during glycolysis carry the potential chemical energy released by the breakdown of glucose and can be used by the cell to perform various cellular functions, such as muscle contraction, active transport, and synthesis of biomolecules.
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The term that means disorganization, especially as it pertains to energy is?
Entropy is a concept that describes disorder, particularly as it relates to energy.
What is Entropy?
Entropy is a crucial concept that students studying physics and chemistry need to be able to understand clearly. The thermodynamic stage, cosmology, and even economics all be used to define entropy, which is more significant because it has various meanings and applications. Entropy is a concept that mostly talks about how things change on their own or how the universe is prone to the disorder.
Entropy is the phrase used to describe disarray, particularly as it relates to energy.
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A compound has the empirical formula c2h8n and a molar mass of 92. 3 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of this compound?.
The molecular formula of the compound is C4H16N2.To find the molecular formula of the compound, we first need to determine the compound's molecular weight or molar mass, which represents the actual mass of one mole of the compound.
The compound's empirical formula is C2H8N, which has a total of 2x12.01 g/mol (carbon), 8x1.01 g/mol (hydrogen), and 1x14.01 g/mol (nitrogen) = 44.11 g/mol.
We can then calculate the ratio between the molecular weight of the compound and its empirical formula weight:
molecular weight/empirical formula weight = 92.3 g/mol / 44.11 g/mol = 2.094
The empirical formula can be multiplied by this ratio to obtain the molecular formula:
C2H8N x 2.094 = C4H16N2
Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is C4H16N2.
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Rank the types of radiation in order of their energy, from least to greatest.
left to right on spectrum
less wavelength/ greatest energy
purple (gama rays)
blue (X-rays)
blue/green (ultraviolet)
rainbow (visible light)
yellow (infrared)
orange (mircrowave)
red (FM-Radio-AM)
longest wave length/ lower energy
This ranking is based on the electromagnetic spectrum, which describes the different types of radiation in order of their wavelength and frequency. As the wavelength decreases, the frequency and energy of the radiation increases. Gamma rays have the highest energy and shortest wavelength, while radio waves have the lowest energy and longest wavelength.
What is Radiation?
Radiation refers to the energy that travels through space or matter in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. There are several types of radiation, including electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays, as well as particle radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength and frequency, which determines its energy and the type of radiation.
Here is the correct ranking of the types of radiation in order of their energy, from least to greatest:
Red (FM-Radio-AM): Longest wavelength/lowest energy
Orange (Microwave)
Yellow (Infrared)
Rainbow (Visible light)
Blue/green (Ultraviolet)
Blue (X-rays)
Purple (Gamma rays): Shortest wavelength/greatest energy
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copper
tin (IV) sulfite
copper(1) sulfite
+ tin
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid.
balanced equation for the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid - Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
What is balance equation?
A balance equation is a mathematical representation of a chemical reaction, in which the number of atoms of each element involved in the reaction is shown on either side of an arrow. The equation is balanced when the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the arrow. This is achieved by adjusting the coefficients of the reactants and products to obtain the same number of atoms of each element. Balance equations are used to calculate the amount of reactants and products needed to achieve a desired outcome. Balance equations are also used to calculate the amount of energy released or absorbed in a reaction.
Therefore, balanced equation for the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid - Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
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sand found in commercial sand and gravel deposits is typically composed of silicate minerals.
Large sand and gravel formations often comprise silicate minerals in the sand.
Which kind of rocks make up gravel?The loose substance known as gravel, commonly referred to as crushed stone, is mostly composed of rock pieces. Basalt, dolomite, and sandstone are the most frequent forms of bedrock found in gravel.
What size gravel is ideal for walking on?Gravel that is around this size is good for driveways or walkways. The stones must be smooth and easy to walk across with little effort. Pick gravel that is angular and won't move around much. The best gravel for walkways is 10mm or 14mm.
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The complete question is-
Sand found in commercial sand and gravel deposits is typically composed of _______.
Is HF Polar or Non-polar?
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) can be described as a very polar molecule
Polar: A polar covalent bond is created when atoms with different electronegativities share electrons to form a covalent bond. Polar bonds have a high melting point, low vapour pressure, high surface tension, and low boiling point. Polar substances interact with one another. On opposite ends of these molecules, there are positive and negative charges. They have electrical charge as a result. Examples include alcohol and sulfur.
Nonpolar: A non-polar covalent bond, a type of chemical bond, is produced when two atoms share electrons equally. Nonpolar bonds have high vapour pressure, low surface tension, low boiling points, and low melting points. Nonpolar molecules have no profusion of charges at their opposite ends and do not interact with other nonpolar molecules. Examples include pentane and carbon dioxide.
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The change of potential due to electrotonic spread will get larger the further away from the starting point it travels. True False
Electrotonic (local) potentials dissipate, which is one of their properties.
What is Electric Potential?The internal charge that an object has and its location with respect to other electrically charged objects are what determine an object's electrical potential energy. The strength of the electric potential is determined by how much effort is needed to move an object across an electric field.
Electric potential energy is the energy that is gained when an object moves against an electric field. By dividing the potential energy by the charge, the electric potential is determined for any charge.
The farther it moves from the initial point, the less the electrotonic spread's change in potential will increase.
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Question 7 of 15
In the equation Q = mcΔT, c represents
OA. the thermal energy
B. the mass of the substance being heated
C. the specific heat of the substance being heated
D. temperature measured in °C
SUBMIT
Answer:
c = the specific heat capacity of the substance, (J/kg•⁰C)
not sure which one is the answer, i will just tell you the definition.
Explanation:
Write the noble gas configuration for the following IONS.
20. Ba2+
21. Ag¹+
a substance which has both polar and non-polar portions of the molecule is likely to have some tendency to dissolve in both polar and non-polar solvents. (True/False)
A substance which has both polar and non-polar portions of the molecule is likely to have some tendency to dissolve in both polar and non-polar solvents is true statement.
It is true that a substance with polar and non-polar parts of its molecules would probably have some potential to dissolve in both polar and non-polar solvents. Amphiphilic or amphipathic refers to a chemical that has both polar and non-polar parts of the molecule.
Detergents, which can dissolve both polar and non-polar compounds, and phospholipids, which make up a significant portion of cell membranes, are two examples of amphiphilic molecules.
Molecules that possess both polar and non-polar areas are said to be amphiphilic. They are helpful in a range of biological and chemical processes because they can interact with both polar and non-polar molecules.
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Based on their available oxidation states, rank the following metals on their ability to catalyze this and other oxidation-reduction reactions.
Rank from best to worst catalyst
vanadium. manganese, titanium
On the basis of oxidation states,ranking of metals to catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions is - manganese, vanadium and titanium.
In science, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the speculative charge of an iota in the event that its bonds to various particles were all completely ionic. It depicts the level of oxidation (loss of electrons) of a particle in a substance compound. Reasonably, the oxidation state might be positive, negative or zero. While completely ionic bonds are not found in nature, many bonds areas of strength for show, making oxidation express a valuable indicator of charge.
The oxidation state of an atom doesn't address the "genuine" charge on that particle, or some other real nuclear property. This is especially valid for high oxidation states, where the ionization energy expected to create a duplicate positive particle is far more prominent than the energies accessible in synthetic responses.
Since,manganese exist in oxidation state from +2 to +7,so it is more reactive.Same with vanadium and titanium also,vandium have oxidation state from +2 to +4 whereas titanium exist in +3 oxidation state only.
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In H-NMR spectroscopy, which factor determines the shape of the spectra? a) the number of protons in the macromolecule. b) the energy of a proton's a spin state. c) the transition between a proton's a and B spin states. d) the energy of a proton's B spin state M
This shielding is anisotropic and depends on the orientation of the chemical bond in the applied magnetic field since the distribution of electrons around the nucleus is directional. Chemical-shift anisotropy determines how the solid-state NMR lines are shaped (CSA).
What is a chemical bond?Atoms join together to create chemical compounds, which add stability to the end product. This process is known as a chemical bond. Atoms may share or give up electrons from their outermost shell during this process in order to bond and create a new homogenous material.A covalent bond, also known as a molecular bond, is a chemical bond created when two atoms share a pair of electrons; these bonds are typically produced by non-metals. Examples of oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen include compounds like O2 and H2O. Chemical bonds, for instance, hold the carbon atom and the two oxygen atoms together in a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2). Ions are the building blocks of salts, which are compounds linked together by a chemical bond.To learn more about chemical bond refer to:
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when hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to hemoglobin it is termed
When hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to it, it is termed "deoxyhemoglobin". Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues throughout the body. When oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, it forms a bright red-colored compound called oxyhemoglobin, which is responsible for the red color of oxygenated blood.
In contrast, when oxygen is not bound to hemoglobin, it is in a state called deoxyhemoglobin, which is a darker shade of red. This can occur in tissues that are consuming oxygen at a faster rate than it can be supplied, such as during exercise, or in situations where oxygen delivery to tissues is impaired, such as in lung or heart disease.
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what contains an electrolyte consisting of a base
NaOH contains an electrolyte consisting of a base. All soluble salts, acids, as well as bases dissolved inside a polar solvent.
What is electrolyte?An electrolyte is a material containing ions that conducts electricity through the motion of those ions but does not conduct electrons. All soluble salts, acids, as well as bases dissolved inside a polar solvent, including such water, fall into this category.
When the material dissolves, it splits into cations and anions which spread evenly throughout the solvent. There are other solid-state electrolytes. The term electrolyte describes the substance that's also dissolved in medicine and occasionally in chemistry. NaOH contains an electrolyte consisting of a base.
Therefore, NaOH contains an electrolyte consisting of a base.
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what is the ultimate source of the electrons that are transferred during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
The light reaction is known as the first stage of photosynthesis process. The ultimate source of electrons that are transferred during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is water.
What is light dependent reaction?The light dependent reaction is also called the photolysis in which solar energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. This reaction generally occurs in the grana of chloroplasts.
The ultimate source of electrons supplied to the photosynthesis reaction is water. The light energy from the sun is generally used for the splitting of water into oxygen, electrons and 4H⁺ ions.
Thus the ultimate source of the electrons in light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is water.
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At stp, what is the total volume of co2 formed when 6. 0 liters of c2h6 are combusted?.
The total volume of CO2 forms when 6.0L of C2H6 are combusted at STP is 12 Liter.
STP stands for Standard temperature and pressure. It refers to the nominal conditions in the atmosphere at sea level. The conditions for STP are 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere of pressure. Standard conditions for temperature and pressure refers to a specific pressure and temperature used to report on the properties of matter. These values are commonly used in experiments involving gases.
At STP condition, one mole of any substance contains 22.4 L. So, 2 moles of ethane contains 44.8 L and 4 moles of carbon dioxide contains 89.6 L. so 22.4 L of ethane is giving 89.6 L of carbon dioxide.
The volume CO2 = (6 × 89.6) /44.8
= 12 L
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What type of Chemical reaction is taking place in this
equation? BaCl₂ + Na₂(SO4)→ Ba(SO4) + 2NaCl
O Synthesis Reaction
O Double Replacement Reaction
O Neutralization Reaction
O Decomposition Reaction
BaCl₂ + Na₂(SO4)→ Ba(SO4) + 2NaCl the type of chemical reaction is taking place in this equation is double replacement reaction. Therefore, option 2 is correct.
What do you mean by the double replacement reaction ?The double replacement reaction is also called as double displacement reaction.
A general formula for a double replacement reaction is written as follows: AB + CD ⇒ AD + BC.
Examples of double replacement reactions are sodium hydroxide reacts with ammonium chloride to produced sodium chloride, ammonium hydroxide. NaOH + NH₄Cl ⇒ NaCl + NH₄OH.
When barium chloride solution reacts with sodium sulphate solution, a white precipitate of barium sulphate and sodium chloride are produced. This is double replacement reaction.
Thus, option 2 is correct.
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Kinetic molecular theory states that gas particles are in constant motion and exhibit perfectly elastic collisions.
True or false?
True, the kinetic molecular theory of gases describes the behavior of gas particles as having constant random motion and perfectly elastic collisions between particles.
What is Collision?
In the context of physics and chemistry, a collision is an event in which two or more objects come into contact with each other and exchange energy, momentum, or other physical quantities. Collisions can occur between particles of different types, such as between atoms or molecules, or between macroscopic objects, such as between cars in a collision.
In kinetic theory, the concept of collision is central to understanding the behavior of gas particles. Gas particles are in constant motion and collide with each other and with the walls of their container. The frequency and force of these collisions determine the pressure of the gas.
Collisions can be classified as elastic or inelastic, depending on whether the total kinetic energy of the colliding objects is conserved. In an elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the objects is conserved, while in an inelastic collision, some of the kinetic energy is converted to other forms, such as heat or deformation. Collisions can also be classified as head-on or oblique, depending on the angle of collision between the objects.
The theory also states that gas particles have negligible volume and do not attract or repel one another. These assumptions help to explain many of the macroscopic properties of gases, such as pressure, temperature, and volume.
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Which of the following statements about amino acids is incorrect?
A Essential amino acids are not synthesised in the body, therefore have to be provided in the diet.
B Leucine, isoleucine, lysine, valine are essential amino acids.
C Cysteine and methionine are sulphur containing amino acids.
D Lysine and arginine are acidic amino acids.
"Lysine and arginine are acidic amino acids" is the right answer.
What is meant by amino acids?The building blocks of proteins, known as amino acids, are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, occasionally, sulphur.
A carboxyl group and one amine group are both present in the amino acids. They are a zwitterion and are amphoteric.
based on the family of amino acids, which can be further classified into a number of different categories, such as simple amino acids and amino acids containing sulphur.
The amino acids that have sulphur atoms and side-by-side chains are those that contain sulphur. Basic amino acids like arginine and lysine have a side chain that is an NH2 basic group.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D) Lysine and arginine are acidic amino acids.
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Bleach is made to be pseudo-zero-order in this experiment. What does this mean? A. Bleach will speed up the rate of reaction as it gets more concentrated in solutionB. Bleach will be omitted from the reaction so it will not have an effect on rate C. Bleach will not affect the rate of the reaction between solutions O D. Bleach will slow down the rate of reaction as it gets more concentrated in solution
The reaction rate between solutions O won't be impacted by bleach (optio c). Practically speaking, a fairly specific per-iod marks the start of the reactants' phase of the "chemical reaction."
What does a solution example entail?Rubber alcohol, salt water, and sugar dissolved in water are a few examples of solutions. When mixing salt and water, the salt particles become so small that they are no longer visible with the nak-ed eye, indicating that the mixture is homogenous.
In chemistry, what does the word "solution" mean?A continuous variation in the relative proportions of two or more substances that is homogeneous and can be changed up to the solubility limit. Although the word "solution" is typically used to describe the liquid state of matter, it is also possible for gases and solids to form solutions.
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