In 1966, Congress adopted the Freedom of Information Act with the intention of opening up _____ that were long closed to public inspection.

Answer:

produce in factories making them more affordable than ever before.

Explanation:

By the middle of the nineteenth century, pianos were quickly becoming more affordable than ever before, thanks to the development of factory production methods. The correct answer is option c.

With the increasing availability of pianos, they were no longer confined to the homes of the wealthy and became popular throughout Europe and the United States.

The widespread availability of pianos led to the growth of a musical middle class, as people began to take music lessons and attend concerts in greater numbers. While early pianos were often fragile and difficult to keep in tune, advances in technology allowed for more reliable instruments.

As a result, the piano became a centerpiece of middle-class culture in the nineteenth century, providing a means for people to express themselves musically and socially.

The correct answer is option c.

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Complete Question

By the middle of the nineteenth century, pianos were __________.

a. fragile and unpopular because they would not stay in tune found only in the homes of the most wealthy

b. quickly becoming obsolete throughout Europe produced in factories,

c. making them more affordable than ever before

Answer:In this pre-Civil War case, the question was whether Congress had the constitutional power to prohibit slavery in free territories. A second question was whether the Constitution gave African Americans the right to sue in federal court.

Explanation:

Before the Civil War, the most important issue area that came before the Supreme Court was related to the federal-state power struggle.

The Court was called upon to interpret the Constitution, including the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

Some of the key cases involved the interpretation of the Commerce Clause, which gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, and the Supremacy Clause, which establishes the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties as the supreme law of the land.

Other important cases dealt with issues such as the validity of state laws that conflicted with federal laws, the rights of Native American tribes, and the status of slaves as property.

These cases shaped the legal framework of the United States and set the stage for the legal battles that would come during and after the Civil War.

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Answer: Rapid population growth and a pre-existing rough sense of egalitarianism surviving the Dark Ages.

Explanation: It just makes sense to me, I answered this question in history a while ago.

Several states had laws requiring school segregation, including Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. These laws mandated separate educational facilities for black and white students and were commonly known as "Jim Crow" laws.

Linda Brown lived in Topeka, Kansas, where there were no laws requiring school segregation. However, despite not having laws mandating segregation, the Topeka school district practiced de facto segregation, where schools were separated by race due to neighborhood and zoning policies.

This prompted Linda Brown's parents to challenge segregation in court, ultimately leading to the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, which declared school segregation unconstitutional.

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All of the listed individuals were indeed presidential candidates in the election year of 1836, except for Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson had served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837 and was therefore ineligible to run for a third term in the 1836 election.

The other four individuals listed—William Henry Harrison, Martin Van Buren, Hugh Lawson White, and Daniel Webster—were the main contenders in that election.

William Henry Harrison, a war hero known for his victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe, ran as the Whig Party candidate and eventually won the presidency in 1840.

Martin Van Buren, the incumbent vice president at the time, was the Democratic Party candidate and emerged victorious in the 1836 election. Hugh Lawson White, a senator from Tennessee, ran as a candidate for the Anti-Jacksonian Party.

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The Code of Hammurabi is a collection of 282 rules and ordinances written in cuneiform writing on the surface of a seven-foot-four-inch stone monolith unearthed in 1901 by French scholar Jacques de Morgan and now housed at the Louvre in Paris.

The Hammurabi code is seen by historians as a surviving sign of an old Mesopotamian system.

It was used to settle disputes, punish crimes, and regulate commercial operations, and it had an early effect on the creation of the legal and judicial institutions that govern the United States and other contemporary civilizations throughout many centuries.

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Athens' transition from a monarchy to a democracy occurred gradually over several centuries, with various forms of government, including oligarchy and tyranny, in between.

During this time, the aristocrats, or the wealthy and powerful elites, did not completely lose their power. Instead, they found new ways to maintain their influence and control over the government. One of the ways the aristocrats retained power was through the system of ostracism. Ostracism allowed the citizens to vote to exile any individual they deemed a threat to the democracy for ten years. While the system was intended to prevent tyranny and corruption, it was often used by the aristocrats to eliminate their political rivals. Additionally, the aristocrats maintained control over important government institutions, such as the courts and the military. They also continued to control the land and resources, which gave them economic power and influence. Espite these efforts, the Athenian democracy allowed for a broader participation in government and gave greater political rights to the citizens. This led to a more equitable distribution of power and wealth within the society. In conclusion, while the aristocrats in Athens did not completely lose power, the democratic reforms allowed for greater participation and representation in the government, leading to a more balanced distribution of power in society.

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The majority of the southern and eastern Slavs converted to Orthodoxy, while the majority of the northern and western Slavs converted to Roman Catholicism.

Slavic Europe as it exists today is the most notable descendant of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian. In the year 865, the Bulgarian khan Boris made a formal conversion to Christianity. Beginning with this, the Christian Orthodox realm spread and now governs the Slav peoples east of the Balkan Range.

Because the Holy Roman emperors believed that politics and religion were connected, the Slavs in eastern Ukraine were compelled to convert to Catholicism under the reigns of Louis the Pious and his son, Louis the German, in the ninth century.

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AIM group was responsible for the action that led to the words being sprayed on the wall.

In order to address issues affecting Native Americans, such as land rights, sovereignty and discrimination. AIM was established as a Native American activist group in 1968. AIM participated in a number of well known demonstrations and actions throughout the 1970s  including the occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969–1971 most likely the site of the graffiti on the wall.

AIM was a part of a larger movement for Indigenous rights, and the graffiti was a statement of support for Native American land rights and sovereignty.

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In medieval Europe, manors were landed estates or farms owned by the nobles and worked by unfree peasants. The correct option is C.

During the medieval Europe Ages, manors were independent agricultural estates or communities that belonged to a lord or nobility. In a feudal system, when the lord controlled the land, and the peasants who lived and worked on it, served as the basic economic and social unit.

The peasants worked the land to produce crops and other things, while the lord protected them in return for their labor and services. On the property, the lord also owned a manor house or castle where they lived with their family and servants.

Thus, the ideal selection is option C.

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In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward achieved the Johnson administration's greatest success in foreign relations when he negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia. The territory, which was known as "Seward's Folly" or "Seward's Icebox" at the time, was seen by some as a barren, frozen wasteland with little value.

However, Seward recognized the potential strategic and economic benefits of the land. He negotiated the purchase for $7.2 million, or about two cents per acre, a price that was initially criticized as exorbitant. In the years that followed, however, Alaska proved to be rich in natural resources, including gold, oil, and fish, and became an important center for trade and shipping.

The purchase of Alaska also marked a significant expansion of U.S. territory, and helped to solidify the nation's position as a global power. The acquisition was initially met with mixed reactions, but has since been widely recognized as a shrewd move on the part of the United States, and one that has had lasting impacts on the nation's history and economy.

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Full Question ;

In 1867, Secretary of State Seward achieved the Johnson administration's greatest success in foreign relations when he _____

The answer to your question is d. All of the above. President Truman faced a lot of opposition and skepticism from Democrats when he took office.

There was a concern that he might not be strong enough to deal with the Communists, which was a major threat during his time in office. Democrats also worried that Truman might not support their plan for national health insurance, which was a key issue for the party. Finally, there were some doubts about whether Truman shared the same ideals as the Democratic Party. Despite these concerns, Truman proved to be a strong and effective leader, making tough decisions and standing up to the Communist threat. He also made efforts to expand healthcare coverage, though the national health insurance plan ultimately did not pass. Overall, while Truman faced some initial skepticism from Democrats, he went on to become a respected and successful president.

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During the 1950s and 1960s, behavior therapy emerged as a systematic approach to the treatment of childhood disorders.

This method focused on understanding and modifying problematic behaviors through techniques such as reinforcement, punishment, and modeling. Behavior therapy is based on the principles of learning theory, which emphasizes the role of environmental factors in shaping behavior.

Prior to this development, psychoanalysis was the dominant approach for addressing childhood disorders, which centered on uncovering unconscious conflicts and the role of the family in the child's issues. However, behavior therapy offered a more practical and evidence-based alternative that allowed for quicker and  more measurable results.

In contrast, family therapy, which looks at the interactions and dynamics within a family unit, gained prominence later in the 1960s and 1970s as a means of understanding and treating psychological disorders. Institutionalization, on the other hand, refers to placing individuals with mental disorders in specialized facilities, which was a common practice before the emergence of more humane and effective treatments.

In summary, behavior therapy became the preferred approach for treating childhood disorders during the 1950s and 1960s, offering a more focused and evidence-based alternative to psychoanalysis. Its success in producing observable and quantifiable improvements in children's behaviors contributed to its widespread adoption and marked a significant shift in the field of mental health treatment.

The Question was Incomplete, Find the full content below :

During the 1950s and 1960s, ____ emerged as a systematic approach to the treatment of childhood disorders.

a) behavior therapy

b) family therapy

c) institutionalization

d) psychoanalysis

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The one out of the processes which resulted from the growth of manufacturing is option D. Increase in inequality of social classes.

During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners and industrialists amassed huge wealth. The working class who worked in factories and mines had low wages, long hours and poor living conditions.

The increase in manufacturing led to increased urbanization as people moved from the countryside to the cities to work in factories. However, increased manufacturing contributed to increased education.

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The processes that resulted is Increase in inequality of social classes

The Industrial Revolution brought forth a seismic transition in the areas of production and distribution; unbeknownst to many, this also entailed an exponential heightening of social stratification and financial inequality.

A burgeoning class of industrialist capitalists appeared with the growth of manufacturing, possessing immense amounts of monetary wealth that far exceeded their co-workers' revenues. Unfortunately, this malapportionment only aggravated an unevenly distributed economy, wherein laborers had to suffer abysmal working conditions, meager paychecks, and prolonged workdays; a devastating instance of disparity that has continued until now.

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The marks that are added to a letterform that were derived from the chisel marks created for words incised on Roman buildings are called serifs.

Serifs are small lines or flourishes added to the ends of the strokes of a letterform. They are a characteristic feature of traditional typefaces, such as Times New Roman or Garamond, which have been used in print for centuries.

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The Sailendra dynasty ruled the islands of modern-day Java around the same time as the Khmer Empire on the mainland.

Both groups were renowned for their magnificent architectural accomplishments. Around 800 A.D., the Sailendras built an impressive structure in the city of Borobudur. This monument is an iconic example of its architectural prowess and a significant cultural and historical site. Both the Khmer and Sailendra dynasties demonstrate the impressive achievements of ancient Southeast Asian civilizations.

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The Persian inscription that is the equivalent of the Rosetta Stone, since it has the same text in three different languages, is the Behistun Inscription.

The Behistun Inscription is a large rock carving located in Iran that dates back to the 5th century BC. It was commissioned by the Persian emperor Darius the Great and consists of a trilingual text in Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian that tells the story of Darius's rise to power and his victory over a rebellion led by a man named Gaumata. The inscription is one of the most important sources of information about the history and languages of ancient Persia, and it has played a key role in deciphering cuneiform script and understanding the ancient Persian language.

The Behistun Inscription is located on a cliff face more than 300 feet above the ground, making it difficult to access and study. However, scholars have been able to make significant progress in deciphering and interpreting the text over the years. The inscription includes a detailed account of Darius's campaigns and conquests, as well as information about the various peoples and languages of the Persian Empire. It also includes a description of Darius's religious policies and beliefs, including his devotion to the god Ahura Mazda. Today, the Behistun Inscription is considered a masterpiece of ancient Persian art and writing, and it is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Between 1945 and 1975, the United States underwent significant domestic and foreign developments that challenged societal norms.

The post-World War II era was marked by a growing affluence, suburbanization, and the baby boom, which created a new middle class and changed family dynamics.

The civil rights movement challenged racial segregation and discrimination, and the women's rights movement challenged gender norms and inequality. The counterculture movement challenged conventional values and morals, including sexual norms and drug use.

On the foreign front, the Cold War and the Vietnam War challenged traditional notions of patriotism and American exceptionalism. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 challenged the racial segregation in the South and helped pave the way for the election of the first African American president in 2008.

The feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s challenged gender norms and led to the legalization of abortion and the expansion of women's rights.

However, not all of these challenges were successful or accepted by society as a whole. The civil rights movement was met with resistance and violence, and the Vietnam War was controversial and divisive. The counterculture movement was often seen as a threat to mainstream society and faced backlash.

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This difference impacted racial classification as the predominantly male settlers in Brazil often formed relationships with the indigenous population and enslaved Africans, leading to a more diverse and mixed racial background.

The early settlers of the United States arrived as diverse groups, including men, women, and families, while Brazil saw predominantly male settlers. This difference in demographic composition significantly impacted racial classification in both countries.

In the United States, the diverse population led to a more defined and rigid racial hierarchy, as people tended to marry and reproduce within their own racial and ethnic groups.

This allowed for clear distinctions between Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous peoples.

In contrast, Brazil's predominantly male settlers often intermarried with Indigenous and African women, as there was a scarcity of European women.

This intermixing led to a more fluid and complex racial classification system in Brazil, with a range of mixed-race categories such as mulattoes, mestizos, and cafuzos.

The blending of races in Brazil resulted in a more diverse and multiracial society compared to the United States, where racial distinctions were maintained more strictly.

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Answer:

A, Convert Egypt to a monotheistic religion.

Explanation:

Pharaoh Akhenaten attempted to get everyone to follow a God named "Aten" God of Sun. He wanted to remove the "old Gods" and replace them with one.

It is difficult to say which trait of civilization is the least important, as each trait contributes to the overall functioning and development of a society.

Some may argue that artistic and cultural achievements are less important  trait of civilization than other traits such as political organization or technological advancements.

However, cultural and artistic achievements are important in preserving a society's history, traditions, and values, and can also inspire creativity and innovation in other areas. Some may argue that religious or spiritual beliefs are less important than other traits.

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Strom Thurmond was a political figure and former governor of South Carolina who was known for his segregationist views. In 1948, he was a leading member of the States' Rights Democratic Party, also known as the Dixiecrats.

The Dixiecrats were a group of conservative Southern Democrats who opposed President Harry Truman's civil rights platform and the increasing influence of the national Democratic Party on Southern politics. Thurmond and the Dixiecrats hoped to undermine the Democratic Party by splitting the vote and preventing Truman from winning re-election. Ultimately, their efforts were unsuccessful, and Truman won the election despite the Dixiecrats' opposition.

A party is a collection of individuals with shared interests and worldviews. Individuals who seek for office and gain votes are called parties. The leader of a party is chosen by the party, and some members of the party run for office and face opposition.

Elections are held, and each member of the public casts a ballot for their preferred candidate or party. The candidate or party receiving the most votes wins and is elected to office.

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Saladin was a general and administrator under the Turkish ruler of Syria, Nur al-Din, who was well-known in the West for his battles with the Crusaders.

Saladin rose to power in the late 12th century and became the first sultan of Egypt and Syria. He is best known for his military campaigns against the Crusaders, particularly his victory over the forces of King Richard the Lionheart at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, which paved the way for the Muslim reconquest of Jerusalem.

Saladin was also known for his chivalry and honor, and his reputation for fairness and generosity earned him respect and admiration even from his enemies. Today, he is remembered as a hero and symbol of unity in the Islamic world.

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The correct answer is d. the Fair Deal. President Truman's containment policy was preventing the spread of communism and  the Korean War, the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe, and the formation of the NATO alliance.

The Fair Deal was a domestic policy agenda focused on economic and social reforms in the United States. A policy is a set of beliefs that serve as the foundation for decisions, particularly in business, economics, and politics.

In order to stop the spread of communism, President Harry S. Truman promised in 1947 that the US would support any country fighting it. His containment strategy is referred to as the Truman Doctrine.

After World War II, the Truman Doctrine strategy showed that the US would not revert to isolationism but would instead take an active part in international affairs. The Marshall Plan included a $13 billion aid commitment from the US to aid in post-war reconstruction in Europe.

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After World War I, women in Western societies experienced significant changes in their social, political, and economic status.

The war had demonstrated women's capabilities in various fields, leading to greater gender equality and new opportunities. Women gained the right to vote in many countries, contributing to their increased political involvement.

Additionally, women continued to work outside the home, broadening their economic independence and breaking down traditional gender roles.

These new roles helped to break down traditional gender roles and paved the way for greater gender equality. Women gained the right to vote in many countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.

This was a significant milestone in the fight for women's rights and allowed women to have a greater say in political decisions that affected their lives.

In addition to political rights, women also gained greater economic independence. Many women continued to work outside the home after the war, as the demand for labor remained high.

Women's increased participation in the workforce challenged traditional gender roles and contributed to a growing sense of equality between men and women.

Overall, the situation of women in Western societies after World War I was characterized by progress towards greater equality and expanded opportunities.

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The appropriate response should be to provide emergency funding to support the continued operation of schools and the provision of quality education to all students, regardless of their economic background or geographic location.

Schools and educational institutions may experience funding shortages and budget cuts during economic downturns, which may result in less resources and services, teacher layoffs, and bigger class sizes. This may worsen already existing inequities in the educational system and have a negative effect on students' learning achievements.

The federal government may help address these issues by giving schools and other educational institutions the funds they most desperately need. These might include programmes that promote student learning and wellbeing, teacher salaries, and emergency funding for school infrastructure.

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In keeping with the Supreme Court's decision on corporate campaign commercials, that contributions to political campaigns are a protected form of free speech. As a form of free speech, campaign contributions are acknowledged by the Republican National Committee.

Nevertheless, critics contend that allowing limitless contributions would breed corruption and lead to candidates focusing less on representing the public and more on courting a small group of affluent voters who would help them finance their campaigns.

Others contend that contribution caps endanger free speech because money from contributions can be used to pay for pamphlets, billboards, television spots, Face-book adverts, and a variety of other types of speech.

As a result, the significance of the campaign donations to a politician to be “free speech” are the aforementioned.

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The soundie Bubbling Over, which was produced in the 1940s, reveals several stereotypes that were associated with African Americans during that time period. These include:

Overall, Bubbling Over reveals several stereotypes that were associated with African Americans in the 1940s, perpetuating simplistic and limited portrayals of their culture and identity.

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Hubert Humphrey, the Democratic nominee in the 1968 presidential election, was unpopular with young people because he had been Lyndon Johnson's vice president and a supporter of the Vietnam War

Following President Lyndon B. Johnson's decision that his own pursuit for the Democratic Party presidential nomination would not proceed, Vice President of the United States Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota decided to run for president of the United States in 1968.

For the Democratic primaries, Humphrey entered the campaign too late. He fought for employer endorsements to get slates of delegates and depended on "favorite son" candidates to win over delegates. Humphrey's conventional strategy was attacked by the other contenders, who aimed to secure the nomination through garnering support from the electorate.  Throughout the campaign, Nixon was in the lead in most polls and effectively linked Humphrey to the unpopular president and the widespread chaos in the country by criticizing his part in the Vietnam War.

Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

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