Both mutations A and B transcriptions would likely change the amino acid sequence of the protein, potentially affecting its structure and function.
What is involved in these mutations?Mutation A involves a substitution of several nucleotides and would result in a completely different sequence of amino acids being translated. This could have significant effects on the structure and function of the protein.
Mutation B involves the addition of a single nucleotide, which would result in a frameshift and a different sequence of amino acids being translated. This could also have significant effects on the structure and function of the protein.
Ultimately, the impact of these mutations would depend on the specific protein and its function. Some mutations may have a severe impact, while others may have a more mild or negligible impact. Further experimentation would be required to determine the exact effects of these mutations on the protein.
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What are the male reproductive cells in
a plant called?
A. sperm
B. stem
C. egg
D. pollen
Answer:
Option d
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in rabbits, long hair and black fur are produced by the dominant alleles l and b, which assort independently. the genotype ll produces short hair and the genotype bb
Long hair and black fur are created in rabbits by the dominant alleles L and B, which assort separately. The genotype ll has short hair, while the genotype bb has white fur.
How do several alleles influence rabbit coat colour?A set of several alleles influences coat colour in rabbits in the following way: All other alleles are subordinate to C, which results in full colour. The chinchilla phenotype is caused by the cch allele, which is dominant over all other alleles except C. The Himalayan coat colour is caused by the ch allele, which is exclusively dominant in ca (albino).
In a rabbit population, black is the dominant hue while white is recessive. Fur colour in rabbits follows a co-dominance pattern.
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True or False: one key feature that distinguishes animal call systems from human language is that animal call systems only communicate in response to real-world stimuli.
One key feature that distinguishes animal call systems from human language is that animal call systems only communicate in response to real-world stimuli.
The given statement is true.
Animal call systems are instinctual vocalisations produced by animals in reaction to real-world inputs such as danger, the presence of food, or mating chances. These calls are often brief and focused, giving information about the exact stimulus that produced the call.
Human language, on the other hand, is a highly sophisticated and flexible communication system that can be utilised to represent a wide range of abstract and complicated thoughts beyond only real-world inputs. Humans may use language to express abstract concepts and emotions, to create tales, and to participate in hypothetical or speculative thinking.
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The stomach has to absorb glucose even though there is a higher concentration of glucose inside the cell, how does this happen?
Glucose is transported across the membrane by two mechanisms, glucose is transported against a concentration gradient in the intestine and renal proximal tubule, by secondary active transport mechanism. Here glucose is cotransported with sodium ions.
What is absorption of glucose?After intake and digestion of glucose, it is absorbed in the small intestine by the two-step transport system. At first, glucose is concentrated in the cells through sodium-dependent glucose transporter SGLT-1. Intracellular glucose is then released into interstitial space.
Glucose absorption is initiated at the apical membrane by the cotransporter SGLT-1 by a transepithelial transport system. Intracellular glucose then diffuses across the basolateral membrane through GLUT2.
Therefore, The stomach has to absorb glucose even though there is a higher concentration of glucose inside the cell.
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Inside a eukaryotic cell, the cell is divided into different areas, Each of these areas carries out a particular function for the cell. We call these areas:
Inside a eukaryotic cell, the cell is divided into different areas or compartments, each of which carries out a particular function for the cell. We call these areas organelles.
Organelles are specialized structures that are separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane. Each organelle performs a distinct set of functions that are critical to the cell's survival and proper operation.
The nucleus, for example, is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material and regulates its activities, whereas the mitochondria are organelles that produce energy for the cell via cellular respiration.
The endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism; the Golgi apparatus, which modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport; lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris; and the cytoskeleton, which provides structure and support for the cell and aids in cell movement and division, are other examples of organelles in eukaryotic cells.
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Which of the following cranial nerves contain the axons of lower motor neurons (LMN) that innervate skeletal muscle?a. olfactory (I) nerve, trigeminal (V) nerve, and vagus (X) nerveb. oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nervec. optic (II) nerve, oculomotor (III) nerve, and trochlear (IV) nerved. oculomotor (III) nerve, glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, and optic (II) nervee. vestibulorcochlear (VIII) nerve, accessory (XI) nerve, and hypoglossal (XII) nerve
The correct answer is b. oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve.
The oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve are responsible for eye movement and contain axons of lower motor neurons (LMN) that innervate skeletal muscles. These nerves are part of the somatic motor system, which controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
The (I)oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve are the cranial nerves that contain the axons of lower motor neurons (LMN) that innervate skeletal muscles. These nerves control the movements of the eye and are part of the somatic motor system, which controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
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________ is defined as a whitening and thickening of the mucous tissue in the mouth, and it is considered to be a precancerous tissue change
Leukoplakia is defined as a whitening and thickening of the mucous tissue in the mouth, and it is considered to be a precancerous tissue change
Leukoplakia is a disorder that causes white spots to appear in the mouth. These patches are thicker and rougher than the typical patches. They can appear on the tongue, lips, gums, and inside of the cheek. Because it is frequently connected with an increased risk of developing oral cancer, leukoplakia is considered a precancerous tissue alteration. Any white areas in the mouth should be investigated by a doctor, since early treatment may lower the chance of getting cancer.
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Drag the terms to their corresponding class in order to review various types of microscopy utilized in microbiology - Dark-field - Epifluorescence - Atomic force - Phase-contrast - Scanning tunneling - Cryotomography - Bright-field - Confocal - Scanning electron Microscopy that uses light to produce an image Microscopy that does not use light to produce an image
Microscopy plays a crucial role in the study of microorganisms and their behavior, and there are several types of microscopy used in microbiology.
These include dark-field, epifluorescence, atomic force, phase-contrast, scanning tunneling, cryotomography, bright-field, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. Bright-field microscopy uses light to produce an image, whereas dark-field microorganisms does not use light to produce an image. Epifluorescence microscopy is a type of fluorescence microscopy that utilizes UV light to excite fluorescent molecules. Phase-contrast microscopy is used to enhance the contrast between the different parts of a specimen. Scanning electron microscopy provides high-resolution images of the surface of a specimen. Atomic force microorganisms is used to investigate the surface of a specimen in three dimensions. Cryotomography uses a combination of microscopy and tomography to create high-resolution images of frozen specimens. Finally, confocal microscopy is a technique that allows the imaging of thin sections of a specimen with high resolution.
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The complete Question is:
What are the various types of microscopy utilized in microbiology, and how do they differ in terms of their imaging techniques?
Which of the following is the correct sequence that a newly synthesized secretory protein would follow until it is exported from the cell?
a. Smooth ER - Rough ER - Golgi apparatus - Cell membrane
b. Golgi apparatus - Rough ER - Cell membrane
c. Golgi apparatus - Smooth ER - Cell membrane
d. Rough ER - Golgi apparatus - Cell membrane
e. Smooth ER - Golgi apparatus - Cell membrane
A secretory protein that has just been created should be in the following order: Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, and rough ER. Hence option 'd' is correct.
Give examples of secretory proteins.A secretory protein is one that, following cell synthesis, is released into the external environment. Examples include salivary pepsin, amylase, digestive enzymes, antibodies, and a small amount of hormones.
Secretory proteins are created by what?Ribosomes located there at cytosolic face of a ER in mammalian cells produce secretory proteins at such an average rate of 3-5 amino acids every second. A wide variety of cellular proteins are produced, folded, and delivered by the secretory route.
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how does the reflex response time compare to the voluntary response time and why might they differ?
Due in significant part to the relative complexity of the neurological route for a reaction, the speed of a reflex is faster than that of a purposeful reaction.
If it is voluntary deliberate, the signal must travel to the brain for processing, but if it is a reflex, such as touching a hot stove, the spinal cord only needs to send the message to remove your hand from the heat source.
Due to the utilization of a distinct brain pathway, reflex actions are quicker than our typical reactions. Contrary to normal movement, most reflexes only receive instructions from the spinal cord, skipping the brain entirely.
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What are codominance incomplete dominance and polygenic traits?
Two other types of genetic inheritance are codominance and incomplete dominance. Incomplete dominance is one of the characteristics that polygenic inheritance displays.
When the gene's alleles have an additive effect, one allele does not mask or dominate another, which is known as incomplete dominance. A combination of the phenotypes of the parents will make up the phenotype of the offspring.
A trait that is influenced by two or more genes, such as height or skin tone, is referred to as a polygenic trait. Polygenic traits do not follow the laws of Mendelian inheritance since several genes are involved. Instead of being uniformly pink, a flower that is showing codominance will have patches of red and white. The F2 generation from heterozygous plants will have a ratio of -1:2:1 in incomplete dominance.
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which of the following statements regarding lipids is true? which of the following statements regarding lipids is true? they generally contain nitrogen. a gram of lipid stores less energy than a gram of carbohydrate. they are made from glycerol and amino acids. they are insoluble in water.
The statement regarding lipids that is true is they are insoluble in water.
The correct option is D.
What are lipids?Lipids are a wide range of biomolecules that are characterized by their being insoluble in water.
Fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and other naturally occurring molecules are included in the large class of molecules known as lipids. Lipids have a variety of roles in the body, including energy storage, signaling, and serving as structural elements of cell membranes.
Steroids, phospholipids, oils, and waxes are examples of lipids.
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Identify the tissue in the image, which is comprised of short, spindle-shaped cells that are found in the walls of blood vessels and in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organsO gap junctionO skeletal muscleO basement membraneO smooth muscle
In addition to being present in the walls of blood arteries, smooth muscle is also found in the cell, lungs, urinary, and reproductive systems.
It has short, spindle-shaped cells and is present as in walls of blood vessels, as well as in the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs?The inner organ walls of the abdomen, oesophagus, stomach, blood vessels, and other internal organs contain smooth muscle, a category of contraction that authorizes without any voluntary control. Smooth muscle is surrounded by a thin form of layers and is composed of cassette, longer provides cells with only one nucleus.
What type of tissue is present in the walls of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs?It is made up of a thin, continuous layer of tightly packed cells and minimal intercellular matrix. In the body, epithelial tissues coat both the inner and exterior surfaces of blood arteries and organs.
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Enforcing a quarantine for an individual with a highly contagious infection to protect a local community is an example of which of the following ethical principles?
A Proportionality
B Health maximization
C Beneficence
D Non-Maleficence
Beneficence is demonstrated by enforcing a quarantine on someone who has a highly contagious illness in order to safeguard the neighborhood.
How do infections go away?The majority of the time, bacterial diseases are treated with this course of antibiotics. Despite the limited supply of antiviral medications, physicians may prescribe them in order to treat particular viral infections. Viruses or bacteria are commonly the cause of some disorders.
What infections Cannot be cured?STDs/STIs that are not treated are brought on by viruses like HIV, genital herpes, parvovirus, hepatitis, or CMV. A person who has a virus-based STI is permanently infected and always at risk of spreading the infection to their sexual partners.
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In guinea pigs, rough coat, R, is dominant over smooth coat. r. and black coat, B, is dominant over white, b. These traits are not linked. If a homozygous rough white animal is mated with a homozygous smooth black one, what will be the phenotypes of the F, and F, generations? 7. In guinea pigs, rough coat, R, is dominant to smooth coat, r, and black coat, B, is dominant to white, b. These traits are not linked. A guinea pig with a rough black coat is mated with one with a smooth white coat. There is one offspring with a smooth white coat. Determine the genotypes of the: a rough black parent Br+ Bb rrabb rr+bb b. smooth white parent smooth white offspring to inheritance Problem Solving 109
RrBb or RRBB are two potential genotypes for the parent who is rough black, while rrbb is the genotype of the parent who is smooth white.
For the first problem, the homozygous smooth black animal is rrBB, while the homozygous rough white animal is RRbb.
F1 generation: Because they have at least one dominant allele for each attribute, they will produce RrBb offspring, who will all be rough and black.F2 generation: If the F1 generation is permitted to cross itself, the progeny will have the following makeup: 9 rough black, 3 rough white, 3 smooth black, and 1 smooth white.The F2 offspring's genotypes will be as follows:
9/16 will have a rough, black coat and be RrBB.3/16 will be rough-coated in black and RrBb.3/16 will have a silky black coat and be rrBB.1/16 will have a silky white coat and be rrBb.Regarding the second problem:
The smooth white parent must be rrbb, while the rough black parent can be either RRBB or RrBB. The smooth white offspring possesses the genotype rrbb, indicating that each parent contributed a recessive gene for the coat texture and color.
As a result, the genotypes of the parents may be found in the table below:
To pass on the recessive b gene for white coat colour to the child, the rough black parent must be Rrbb.To have both recessive alleles for white coat colour and smooth coat texture, the smooth white parent must be rrbb.To know more about genotypes:
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A segment of a DNA strand is made up of the bases: AAT CCG TAC. Which of the following is its complementary DNA strand?
CAT GCC TAA
TTA GGC ATG
UUA GGC AUG
GTA CCG ATT
How are the genomes of a rose bush and a great white shark similar?
They have the same number of genes in their genome.
They express the same genes for each trait.
Their cells have the same number of chromosomes.
Their DNA is made of the same building blocks.
TTA GGC ATG is the complementary DNA strand for AAT CCG TAC. Therefore, option B is correct.
How are the genomes of a rose bush and a great white shark similar?Rose bush and great shark have different genomes from each other because every organism has its unique genome. They have a different number of genes in their genomes and different gene expresses different traits.
The number of chromosomes in the rose bush is 56, while the number of chromosomes in the great shark is 82. Their DNA is made up of the same building block and that is nucleotide.
TTA GGC ATG is the complementary DNA strand for AAT CCG TAC. Therefore, option B is correct.
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If a child has damage to this area of the bone, it could cause a disruption in bone growth lengthwise. - epiphysis - diaphysis - metaphysis - medullary cavity
If a child has damage to the epiphysis of a bone, it could cause a disruption in bone growth lengthwise. Option A is correct.
The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, which articulates with another bone to form a joint. The epiphysis is separated from the main body of the bone by a layer of cartilage called the growth plate or epiphyseal plate. The growth plate is responsible for bone growth in length, as new bone is deposited on the epiphysis side of the plate and older bone is reabsorbed on the diaphysis side of the plate.
Damage to the epiphysis, such as from a fracture or infection, can disrupt the growth plate and impair bone growth in length. In severe cases, this can lead to growth disturbances and deformities, such as a limb length discrepancy.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"If a child has damage to this area of the bone, it could cause a disruption in bone growth lengthwise. A) epiphysis B) diaphysis C) metaphysis D) medullary cavity"--
Jonah and Jana are siblings. Jonah has the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, caused by inheriting one copy from each parent of a mutation in the CF gene. Jana does not have cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements is/are true? (Select all that are true)
a)Jana does not have the gene that when mutant causes cystic fibrosis.
b)Jana has the gene that when mutant causes cystic fibrosis.
c)Jana has two copies of the allele that causes cystic fibrosis.
d)Jana does not have two copies of the allele that causes cystic fibrosis.
The assertions in option (b) & are true (d). Jana possesses the gene that, if mutated, results in cystic fibrosis. The cystic fibrosis-causing allele is not duplicated in Jana.
How long will someone with cystic fibrosis live?The life expectancy for CF patients born between 2017 and 2021 is currently 53 years, according to statistics from the 2021 CF Foundation Patient Registry. This is a significant increase from a decade ago when the life expectancy was 38. Nearly 60% of us are now above the age of 18.
What are the four primary signs of cystic fibrosis?The signs of CF
frequent lung infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. breathing difficulties like wheezing. Despite having a good appetite, you don't develop or acquire weight well. often oily, large stools, or trouble
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Which of the following is not a proprioceptor?Tactile discsJoint Kinesthetic ReceptorMuscle SpindleTendon Organ
Tactile discs are not proprioceptors. Hence, the right option is 1st.
The dermis of the skin contains specialized skin cells called tactile discs, often referred to as Merkel cells, which are most frequently seen in the fingers and other touch-sensitive regions. They are crucial for our sense of touch since they are in charge of sensing mild touch and pressure.
On the other hand, proprioceptors are specialized sensory receptors that are found in muscles, tendons, and joints. They provide the central nervous system with information about the body's posture, motion, and muscle tension, enabling balanced movement. The muscle spindle, the Golgi tendon organ, and the joint kinesthetic receptor are the three different types of proprioceptors.
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Drag and drop the correct terms on the left to complete the sentences. Words may be used once or not at all View Available Hint(s) - pulse pressure - pulse deficit - blood pressure - pulse - systolic pressure - diastolic pressure - sounds of Korotkoff - MAP1. is the calculated as systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure and indicates the additional pressure in the artery when ventricles are contracting. 2. is the pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction, while is the pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation. 3. can be calculated as diastolic pressure plus one-third the pulse pressure because the ventricles spend more time in diastole.4. is the force per unit area exerted on a blood vessel wall by the blood, and it fluctuates with the alternating contraction and relaxation of the ventricles
Systolic pressure less diastolic pressure is used to determine pulse pressure, which represents the extra pressure created in the artery when the ventricles contract.
How are pulse deficits determined?The peripheral pulse rate is deducted from the apical pulse rate once the pulse rates have been measured. Never will the peripheral pulse rate be lower than the apical pulse rate. The pulse deficit is the resultant number.
How does blood pressure work?Blood pressure fluctuates with the alternating contraction and relaxation of the ventricles and is defined as the force per unit area that the blood exerts on the wall of a blood vessel.
What are Korotkoff sounds, and what causes them?Underneath the distal portion of the blood pressure cuff, Korotkoff sounds are generated.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. a person who has difficulty recognizing emotional responses in others following a head injury most likely suffered damage to a structure called the ____ in the brain's limbic system.
A person who has difficulty recognizing emotional responses most likely suffered damage to the amygdala in the brain's limbic system.
What is the amygdala?The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain, and it plays a key role in the processing and regulation of emotions, especially fear and aggression.
A person who has difficulty recognizing emotional responses in others following a head injury most likely suffered damage to a structure called the amygdala.
Damage to the amygdala can result in difficulty recognizing and responding to emotional cues from others, as well as problems with regulating one's own emotions.
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if the diploid number of chromsomes for an organism is 16, each daughter cell after mitosis will contain
Answer:
16 chromosomes.
According to the cladogram, which species are
MOST closely related?
A and E
D and E
C and D
B and D
According to the cladogram species D and E are most closely related showing the closer two branches of the cladogram are to each other.
What is a cladogram?A cladogram is a visual representation of the connections between species. These connections are founded on palpable physical traits. In cladograms, the relationships are represented graphically as a tree with branches that are linked by a common ancestor.
An evolutionary tree that depicts the relationships between species' ancestors is called a cladogram. In the past, cladograms were created using similarities among species' phenotypic or physical characteristics.
Therefore, option B is correct.
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The given question is incomplete, missing the diagram, so it is attached in the image below.
Answer:
C and D
Explanation:
which three of these are true;
1.Hydrophobic molecules do not readily dissolve in water in part because water molecules involved in hydration cannot participate in normal hydrogen bonding with one another.
2.Nonpolar molecules are capable of forming micelles.
3.The tendency of water to minimize its contact with nonpolar substances is called the hydrophobic effect.
4.Amphipathic (amphiphilic) lipids are the structural basis of biological bilayer membranes.
5.Hydrophobic molecules are individually hydrated in water, increasing the entropy of the system.
1.Hydrophobic molecules do not readily dissolve in the water in part because water molecules involved in hydration cannot participate in the normal hydrogen bonding with one another. 3.Tendency of water to minimize contact with nonpolar substances is called as hydrophobic effect. 4.Amphipathic lipids are structural basis of biological bilayer membranes.
What is meant by hydrophobic molecules?Hydrophobic means “the fear of water”. Hydrophobic molecules and surfaces repel water and hydrophobic liquids, such as oil, will separate from water. Hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar meaning the atoms that make molecule do not produce static electric field.
Hydrophobic substances are made of non-polar molecules that repel bodies of water and attract other neutral molecules and non-polar solvents.
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whàt is reproduçtion
Reproduction is a biological process to produce offspring.
What are the types of reproduction?There are two types of reproduction and that is sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
The process of creating new organisms through sexual reproduction involves fusing the genetic material of two individuals of different sexes. The gametes, which are specialized sex cells, have chromosomes in their nuclei that contain the genetic information.
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. Offsprings are clones of their parents and there is no genetic diversity.
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the distance form point a to point b is known as
The distance from point A to point B is known as wavelength. The correct option is D.
What is wavelength?The distance between any two identical points or the adjacent crests in the adjacent cycles of a waveform signal that is conveyed in space or along a wire can be referred to as the wavelength. In wireless systems, the wavelength is typically expressed in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm) (mm).
The Greek letter lambda () is typically used to represent wavelength. A wave's wavelength is determined by dividing its speed (v) by its frequency (f) in a given medium:
λ = v/f
Therefore, the correct option is D) wavelength.
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The missing options are:
A) amplitude. B) frequency. C) pitch. D) wavelength.
Scientists link the ability of invasive species to survive new environments to their ability to tolerate change, particularly with respect to _____
Invasive species are able to survive new environments, particularly with their ability to tolerate temperature and precipitation ranges.
What are invasive species?Invasive species are non-native species introduced to a new environment that cause harm to native species, the economy, or human health.
Invasive species are highly adaptable because they possess characteristics that allow them to thrive in new environments. They often have fast growth rates, broad diets, and the ability to reproduce quickly.
They have the capacity to tolerate a wide range of environmental variables, particularly precipitation and temperature.
Additionally, they may lack natural predators or diseases in their new environment, which can give them a competitive advantage over native species.
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select all the ways gymnosperms and angiosperms are similar
the sporophyte is the conspicuous generation in both, both produce pollen, both produce seeds
The ways gymnosperms and angiosperms are similar are:
The sporophyte is the conspicuous generation in both
Both produce seeds
Gymnosperms and angiosperms are both seed plants, which means that they reproduce by means of seeds. The sporophyte is the most visible and dominating generation in both types of plants. Both feature male and female reproductive systems as well as pollen production for fertilisation. Gymnosperms, on the other hand, do not contain enclosed seeds or blooms, whereas angiosperms do. As a result, the phrase "both generate pollen" is not entirely correct, because gymnosperms do not produce real flowers, but rather cones or other reproductive structures.
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A mutation in a cell results in a structural change in the signal-recognition particle (SRP) so that it does not bind to the translocation complex in the ER correctly. Which of the following processes will occur because of this mutation?
a. The large and small subunits of the ribosome will not bind to each other during translation.
b. Proteins produced during translation that are destined for the ER will not be translocated into the ER.
c. Proteins produced during translation that are destined for the ER will be translocated into the ER.
d. The initiation of translation will not occur normally.
The following processes due to mutations in cells that result in structural changes to the signal-recognition particle (SRP) so that it does not bind to the translocation complex in the ER properly is the proteins produced during translation that are destined for the ER will not be translocated into the ER (option B)
If the signal-recognition particle (SRP) subunit mutations prevent SRP from binding to the nascent chain, they may potentially induce RAPP; if they do not disrupt SRP recognition but prevent SRP from attaching to the SRP receptor, they may have an impact on protein targeting. The abnormalities in secretory and membrane protein production or transport in mammalian cells may be brought on by the potential dysregulation events mentioned above.
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All the below are correct about the Gram staining except: A. The first time we see color difference between G+ and G- cells is after the counterstain with safranin.
B. Both G+ and G- cells are stained equally with crystal violet.
C. The role if iodine is to set the primary stain through the formation of a large complex.
D. The destaining step using alcohol removes crystal violet from the G-cells only. E. Crystal violet stains the cells purple, and safranin stains them pink (or red).
The statement that is not correct about the Gram staining is:
B. Both G+ and G- cells are stained equally with crystal violet.
The principal stain used in the gram staining is crystal violet, which is added to a bacterial cell smear that has been heat-fixed. Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells are both stained purple by crystal violet. Gram-positive cells, however, keep the crystal violet stain after the initial steps of the technique, while Gram-negative cells, when exposed to alcohol, lose the stain. Because both G+ and G- cell lines are first colored with crystal violet, the accurate statement might be that the subsequent procedures distinguish between both the two cell types.
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