if the concentration of chloride is higher inside the cell what does that mean for the nernst potential

Answers

Answer 1

Inside the cell, the potassium concentration is higher than outside, whereas the sodium and chloride ion concentrations are lower.

How does chloride impact the potential of resting membranes?

Since chloride is a negative ion, it must exit the cell in order for the membrane potential to change from -70 mV to -65 mV by making the cell more positive.

How does concentration affect the potential of the cell?

The larger concentration enables the rise in voltage difference in an electrochemical cell. Increased voltage is seen as a result of the reaction moving more quickly in a forward direction due to the higher reactant concentration.

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Related Questions

using reactions from this chapter as well as from the previous chapter, show how 1-hexanol can be converted into a grignard reagent.

Answers

In order to create the Grignard reagent from 1-hexanol, the matching halide must first be converted from it. You can accomplish this by reacting 1-Hexanol with a potent acid,

Like HCl. The appropriate alkyl chloride will be created during the reaction, and this alkyl chloride can then be combined with a primary alkyl halide, such as magnesium bromide, to create the Grignard reagent. The Grignard reagent will have the generic formula RMgX, where R is the alkyl group from 1-Hexanol and X is the halide. The reaction is normally carried out in an ether solvent. The synthesis of alcohols and other organic molecules can then be accomplished using the Grignard reagent.

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Reaction Of Ethylmagnesium Bromide With Which Of The Following compound yields a tertiary alcohol after quenching with aqueous acid?A.H2COB.ch3choC.(ch3)2coD.ethylene oxideE.n-buthylitium

Answers

The reaction of ethyl magnesium bromide with ethylene oxide would yield a tertiary alcohol after quenching with aqueous acid. Option D is correct.

Ethyl magnesium bromide is a Grignard reagent that can react with carbonyl compounds to form alcohols. In this reaction, the Grignard reagent adds to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group to form a intermediate that can be quenched with aqueous acid to form an alcohol.

In the case of ethylene oxide, the reaction of ethyl magnesium bromide would result in the formation of a tertiary alcohol. The structure of the intermediate can be represented as follows:

R-Mg-Br + CH₂=O-CH₂-O-CH₂-O → R-O-CH₂-CH₂-O-CH₂-O

After quenching with aqueous acid, the intermediate is protonated to give a tertiary alcohol:

R-O-CH₂-CH₂-O-CH₂-O + H₃O⁺ → R-OH + CH₃-O-CH₂-O-CH₂-OH

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what is the stoichiometry of the reaction between ferrous ions and permanganate ions.

Answers

The stoichiometry of the reaction between ferrous ion and permanganate ion can be expressed through the reaction below:

[tex]\rm MnO_{4}^{-} + 5 Fe^{2+} + 8 H^{+} \rightarrow Mn^{2+} + 5 Fe^{3+} + 4 H_{2}O[/tex]

What is redox reaction ?

In a redox reaction, one reactant species is reduced and the other one oxidized. The species which is oxidized is donating one or more electrons to the other species and reduces it.

Iron metal donates 5 electrons to reduce Mn metal from oxidation state of + 7 to +2. One Fe  furnish one electron. Thus, 5 Fe is needed.

The oxidation half reaction is written as:

[tex]\rm 5Fe^{2+} \rightarrow 5Fe^{3+} + 5e-[/tex]

The reduction half reaction of Mn is written as follows:

[tex]\rm MnO_{4}^{-} + 5e^{-} \rightarrow Mn^{2+}[/tex]

The whole reaction can be balanced for all the atoms and can be written as above.

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Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is known as grain alcohol and is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. Calculate the mole fraction of ethanol in a solution that contains 4.76g of ethanol d

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

To calculate the mole fraction of ethanol we need  the number of moles of ethanol (n1) and the total number of moles of all solutes in the solution (n_total).

We know that molar mass of ethanol = 46.07 g/mol

First, we'll find the number of moles of ethanol:

n1 = mass / molar mass

n1 = 4.76 g / 46.07 g/mol

n1 = 0.1029 mol

Next, we'll find the total number of moles of all solutes in the solution:

n_total = n1

Finally, we'll use these values to find the mole fraction of ethanol:

mole fraction of ethanol = n1 / n_total

mole fraction of ethanol = 0.1029 mol / 0.1029 mol

mole fraction of ethanol = 1.00

Therefore, the mole fraction of ethanol in the solution is 1.00.

The volume of a sample of mercury was determined to be 13.77 cm'. What is the volume of this sample reported in cubic inches?

Answers

The volume of the mercury sample reported in cubic inches is

0.8435 cubic inches.

How to convert the volume

The conversion factor between cubic centimeters and cubic inches is

1 cm^3 = 0.0610237441 in^3.

To convert the volume of 13.77 cm^3 to cubic inches, multiply by this conversion factor:

13.77 cm^3 * 0.0610237441 in^3/cm^3 = 0.8435 in^3

Therefore, the volume of the sample of mercury is 0.8435 cubic inches.

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Which of the following statements about atoms and
subatomic particles is true?
A. The nucleus of an atom has no mass.
B. Neutrons are negatively charged.
C. Electrons exist in the nucleus.
D. The nucleus makes up most of the mass of an atom.
E. A cation has more electrons than protons.
Modify each incorrect statement to make it correct.

Answers

statements about atoms and subatomic particles is true A cation has more electrons than protons.

Why is it called a subatomic particle?

Protons, neutrons and electrons are all called subatomic particles because they are smaller particles that make up atoms. The prefix "sub" means beneath, or smaller. Since these particles are "sub"-atomic, this means they are smaller than atoms. Atoms have a nucleus made of protons and neutrons stuck together.

What are subatomic made of?

Subatomic particles include electrons, the negatively charged, almost massless particles that nevertheless account for most of the size of the atom, and they include the heavier building blocks of the small but very dense nucleus of the atom, the positively charged protons and the electrically neutral neutrons.

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Hydrogen produced from a hydrolysis reaction was collected over water. The data is compiled in the table.

Total volume of H2(g) collected 94.00 mL
Temperature 26.0 °C
Barometric pressure 745 mmHg
Vapor pressure of water at 26.0 ° 25.5 mmHg
Calculate the moles of hydrogen gas produced by the reaction.

Answers

To calculate the moles of hydrogen gas produced by the reaction, you can use the Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in kelvin.

First, convert the temperature to kelvin:

T = 26.0 °C + 273.15 = 299.15 K

Next, calculate the pressure of the hydrogen gas by subtracting the vapor pressure of water from the total pressure:

P = 745 mmHg - 25.5 mmHg = 719.5 mmHg

Now convert the pressure units to atmospheres:

P = 719.5 mmHg * (1 atm / 760 mmHg) = 0.947 atm

Finally, convert the volume to liters:

V = 94.00 mL * (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.094 L

Now we can calculate the number of moles of hydrogen gas:

n = PV / RT
n = (0.947 atm * 0.094 L) / (0.0821 Latm/molK * 299.15 K)
n = 0.0106 mol

So, 0.0106 moles of hydrogen gas were produced by the reaction

What is the molecular formula of a compound with the empirical formula NBH4
and a formula mass of 86.55 amu?

Answers

Answer:

Let us say that the molecular formula of the compound = (NBH4)n (where, n is an integer)

Atomic mass of N, B, and H are respectively 14.00 amu, 10.81 amu, and 1.008 amu.

Thus, the molar mass of (NBH4)n = n x (1 x 14.00 amu + 1 x 10.81 amu + 4 x 1.008 amu)

= 28.84n amu

Now,

28.84n amu = 86.55 amu

or, n = 3

Hence, the molecular formula of the compound = (NBH4)3 = N3B3H12

Explanation:

The volume of a sample of mercury was determined to be 13.77 cm³. What is the
volume of this sample reported in cubic inches?

Answers

The volume of the sample reported in cubic inches would be 0.84  [tex]in^3[/tex].

Unit conversion

The problem here has to do with converting from  cm³ to [tex]in^3[/tex].

1 cm = 0.3937 inch

1 cm³ = 0.0610  [tex]in^3[/tex]

Thus, if

1 cm³ = 0.0610  [tex]in^3[/tex]

13.77 cm³ = 13.77 x 0.0610/1

                 = 0.84  [tex]in^3[/tex]

In other words, the volume of mercury determined to be 13.77 cm³ will be 0.83 reported in cubic inches.

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What is the weighted average length of the nails in the drawer?

A. 350 cm
B. 333 cm
C. 5.00 cm
D. 3.50 cm

Answers

The weighted average length of the nails in the drawer can be found to be D. 3. 50 CM.

How to find the weighted average ?

Multiply each number by its weight, then add the results to determine the weighted average. Find the sum of all the variables multiplied by their weight, then divide by the sum of the weights if the weights don't add up to one.

In formula form, this is:

= ∑ ( Percentage of abundance x Length of nail )

The weighted average length of nails is:

= ( 2. 50 x 70. 5%) + ( 5. 00 x 19. 0 %) + ( 7. 50 x 10. 5 % )

= 3. 50 cm

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The density of 70.5 wt% aqueous perchloric acid is 1.67 g/mL. a. How many grams of solution are in 1.000 L? b. How many grams of HClO4 are in 1.000 L? c. How many moles of HClO4 are in 1.000 L?

Answers

There would be 1670 g of solution in 1.000 L and  1,177.35 gram of HClO₄ are in 1.000 L. There are  11.72 moles of HClO₄ in 1 L.

There are 1000 mL in a liter, hence density indicates the amount of grams per mL.

Density =1.67 g / 1 mL   =   1670 g / 1000 mL = 1670 g/ 1.0 L

so there would be 1670 g of solution in 1.000 L

We got aqueous perchloric acid 70.5 wt%, it means the amount of perchloric acid in 100 grams of solution is 70.5 grams. so mass of HClO₄ are in 1.000 L will be

mass of HClO₄  = 70.5% x1670 g/ 1.0 L = 1,177.35 gram

Moles of HClO₄ = mass / mass molar

Moles of HClO₄ = 1,177.35 gram/ 100.46 g/mol = 11.72 moles

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When solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is placed into water the mixture begins to heat up
as the sodium hydroxide dissolves. In a given experiment a mixture of sodium hydroxide
and water had an initial temperature of 22.0 °C. After all the sodium hydroxide
dissolved completely the final temperature of the mixture was 27.2 °C. What is the
change in temperature (in Fahrenheit) of the mixture?

Answers

The change in temperature (in Fahrenheit) of the mixture is 41.36°F

What is the change in the temperature of the mixture?

The change in the temperature of the mixture is obtained as follows:

The initial temperature of water = 22.0 °C.

The final temperature of the mixture of water and sodium hydroxide = 27.2 °C.

The difference in temperature = 27.2 °C - 22.0 °C.

The difference in temperature = 5.2 °C.

Converting degrees celsius to Fahrenheit:

(5.2°C × 9/5) + 32 = 41.36°F

Therefore, the difference in temperature in Fahrenheit is 41.36°F.

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Anyone please help. Will greatly appreciate it.

Answers

Th overall reaction is an exothermic reaction where the energy of products is higher than that of reactants, the bonds in products being stronger and the change in enthalpy is positive.

What is an exothermic reaction?

An exothermic reaction is defined as a chemical reaction which involves release of energy in the form of light,heat .In these reactions, energy is transferred from system to surroundings rather than taking energy from surroundings into system as in endothermic reactions.

In an exothermic reaction,change in enthalpy is negative.Therefore, it can be inferred that net amount of energy which is required to start the exothermic reaction is less than the net amount which is released by the reaction.

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The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas sample depends only on the temperature, . However, given the same kinetic energies, a lighter molecule will move faster than a heavier molecule, as shown in the equation for rms speed

rms speed=3ℳ‾‾‾‾‾√

where =8.314 J/(mol⋅K) and ℳ is molar mass in kilograms per mole. Note that a joule is the same as a kilogram‑meter squared per second squared (kg·m2/s2).

What is the rms speed of O2 molecules at 433 K?
What is the rms speed of He atoms at 433 K?

Answers

483 m/s is the rms speed of O[tex]_2[/tex] molecules at 433 K. The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas sample depends only on the temperature.

What is speed?

Speed may be defined as the distance traveled by an item in relation to the time it takes to travel that distance. In other words, it measures how rapidly an item travels but does not provide direction. The term "velocity" refers to the combination of direction and speed.

The SI unit system is most typically used to express speed. Rate is given in metres per second, or m/s, since distance is recorded in metres while time is recorded in seconds. Unit representation: The speed is represented by "s" and calculated in meters per second (ms-1).

Vrms= √3RT/M

substituting all the given values, we get

Vrms= √3×8.314×433/0.032=483 m/s

Therefore, 483 m/s is the rms speed of O[tex]_2[/tex] molecules at 433 K.

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The diagram below shows a stack of rock layers. These layers have not changed position since they formed.

The fossils in Layer 2 are younger than those in Layer __ and older than the fossils in Layer __

Answers

Answer: The fossils in Layer 2 are younger than those in Layer 1, and older than the fossils in layer 3. (assuming layer 1 is at the bottom, and layer 3 is at the top.)

Explanation: Think of how this stack of rocks formed. Layer 1 would have deposited first along with it's fossils, followed by 2, 3, etc. Layer 2's fossils would be younger than Layer 1, but older than Layer 3.

How many grams of diphosphorus trioxide, P2O3 will form if one uses 78 grams of oxygen?

Answers

Answer:

approximately 137.3 grams of P2O3 will form if one uses 78 grams of oxygen.

Explanation:

Diphosphorus trioxide, P2O3, is formed from the reaction of phosphorus with oxygen:

P4 + 5O2 -> 2P2O3

To determine how many grams of P2O3 will form from 78 grams of oxygen, we need to know how much phosphorus is also involved in the reaction. If we assume that there is enough phosphorus present, then we can calculate the amount of P2O3 that will be produced.

The balanced equation tells us that for every 2 moles of P2O3 that are produced, 4 moles of P4 and 5 moles of O2 are consumed. From the number of moles of O2, we can calculate the number of moles of P2O3 produced using the ratio from the balanced equation:

78 g O2 / (32 g/mol O2) = 2.43 mol O2

2.43 mol O2 * (2 mol P2O3 / 5 mol O2) = 0.972 mol P2O3

Finally, we can convert the number of moles of P2O3 to grams:

0.972 mol P2O3 * (141.94 g/mol P2O3) = 137.3 g P2O3

So, approximately 137.3 grams of P2O3 will form if one uses 78 grams of oxygen.

determine the concentration of solute in an aqueous sodium chloride solution and give the concentration units that your method provides

Answers

Measure the volume of solution, evaporate to dryness, measure mass of dried solid. Convert g of salt to moles, divide by volume of solution M and it now can be calculated as

[tex]$ \mathrm{ C_{ion} - C_{compound} \times \frac{n_{ion}}{n_{compund}} }[/tex]

What is chloride?

Chloride is an ion that is formed when chlorine is combined with another element, such as sodium or potassium. It is an essential electrolyte in the body and helps regulate fluid balance, nerve conduction, and pH levels. Chloride is found in many foods, including table salt and processed foods, as well as in the body's fluids, such as sweat, saliva, and blood.

Chloride also plays a role in digestion, helping to break down foods. People usually get enough chloride in their diets, but too much can lead to high blood pressure, dehydration, and impaired kidney function. Chloride levels can be tested with a blood test, and abnormal levels may indicate a problem such as dehydration or kidney disease.

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Predict the missing component in the nuclear equation.​

Answers

Answer:

my guess is A.

Explanation:

In the titration of 25.00 mL of a water sample, it took 19.840 mL of 4.395x10-3 M EDTA solution to reach the endpoint.
Calculate the number of moles of EDTA required to titrate the water sample. (enter your answer with 3 significant figures)
The total hardness is due to one or a combination of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+ in your sample. It is convenient to express this hardness as though it was entirely due to Ca2+. Making this assumption, determine the number of moles of Ca2+ present in the bottled water sample titrated. (enter your answer with 3 significant figures)
The total hardness is always listed in parts-per-million (ppm) of CaCO3 (or mg CaCO3 / Kg H2O). Since the density of water is 1.0 g/mL, one ppm would be the same as the number of mg of CaCO3 per liter of water. Determine the number of moles of CaCO3 present in the titrated sample of water, assuming that all the Ca2+ combines with CO32−. (enter your answer with 3 significant figures)
Calculate the number of grams of CaCO3 present and convert to mg. (enter your answer with 3 significant figures)

Answers

The number of grams of CaCO3 present and converted to mg is 348.787 mg.

What is EDTA ?

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an organic compound used in a variety of applications, including industrial, medical, and food-related. EDTA is a white, crystalline powder, and is often referred to as a chelating agent due to its ability to bind and sequester various metal ions. This property makes it useful in a wide range of industries, including food processing, water treatment, paper manufacturing, and metalworking. In the medical field, EDTA is used to treat heavy metal toxicity, as it has the capability to bind to the metal ions, rendering them harmless to the body. EDTA is also found in many food products, as it serves as a preservative and stabilizing agent.

we know that

moles = concentration x volume (ml) / 1000

so

moles of EDTA = 4.395 x 10-3 x 19.84 / 1000

moles of EDTA = 8.71968 x 10-5

now

moles of Ca+2 = moles of EDTA

so

moles of Ca+2 = 8.71968 x 10-5

now

Ca+2 + C032- ---> CaC03

so

moles of CaC03 = moles of Ca+2

so

moles of CaC03 = 8.71968 x 10-5

now

mass = moles x molar mass

molar mass of CaC03 = 100 g /mol

so

mass of CaC03 = 8.71968 x 10-5 x 100

mass of CaC03 = 8.71968 x 10-3 g

mass of CaC03= 8.71968 mg

now

volume of water = 25 ml = 25 x 10-3 L

so

ppm = 8.71968 / 25 x 10-3

ppm = 348.787

sp

ppm of CaC03 is 348.787

So, The number of grams of CaCO3 present and converted to mg is 348.787 mg.

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a chemical reaction that requires an input of energy in order to proceed is termed ______, whereas one that releases energy is called ______.

Answers

A chemical reaction that requires an input of energy in order to proceed is termed Endothermic, whereas one that releases energy is called Exothermic.

The endothermic process is a word used to describe a reaction in which the system takes up heat from its environment. Photosynthesis, evaporating liquids, melting ice, dry ice, alkane cracking, thermal decomposition, ammonium chloride in water, and many more processes are examples of endothermic processes. A reaction that is exothermic is the opposite of one that is endothermic. It emits energy onto its surroundings as heat or light. Examples include neutralization, burning a chemical, fuel reactions, dry ice deposition, respiration, sulphuric acid solution in water, and many more.

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The following compounds, listed with their boiling points, are liquid at -10oC: butane, -0.5oC; ethanol, 78.3 oC; toluene, 110.6 oC. At -10 oC, which of these liquids would you expect to have the highest vapor pressure? Which the lowest? Explain.

Answers

Butane, -0.5°C has the highest vapor pressure.Toluene, 110.6°C has the lowest vapor pressure.

What is vapor pressure ?

The equilibrium pressure of a vapor above its liquid (or solid) is the vapor pressure of a liquid (or solid); that is, the pressure of the vapor resulting from evaporation of a liquid (or solid) above a sample of the liquid (or solid) in a closed container.

As a result, the substance with the lowest boiling point will have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature. The substance with the lowest vapor pressure has the highest boiling point.

Thus, Butane, -0.5°C has the highest vapor pressure.Toluene, 110.6°C has the lowest vapor pressure.

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classify each solid as a covalent, ionic, metallic, or molecular solid. drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. view available hint(s)for part a resethelp covalentdroppable ionicdroppable metallicdroppable moleculardroppable

Answers

The appropriate items to their respective bins are:

Covalent: Carbon dioxide

Ionic: Table salt

Metallic: Iron

Molecular: Sugar

What is bins?

Bins are containers used for storing and organizing items. They can be made from a variety of materials, including wood, metal, and plastic, and come in many shapes and sizes. Bins are often used in large warehouses, retail stores, and other business establishments to store and organize products, tools, and other items. In the home, bins can be used to store toys, shoes, and other items that need to be kept organized.

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NEED HELP WITH STOICHIOMETRY.


Lithium and oxygen react explosively to form lithium oxide. Write a balanced equation for this reaction (4Li+ 02-->Li_20 ) . Then calculate how many moles of lithium oxide will form if 1.68 mol of lithium are reacted with oxygen.

Answers

Answer:

0.42 moles

Explanation:

Use Stoichiometry to solve

[tex]\frac{1.68 moles-of-Li}{} *\frac{1 mole-of-Li2O}{4 mole-of Li} =0.42 moles[/tex]

1) If an ideal gas has a pressure of 6.83 atm, a temperature of 475 K, and a volume of 60.47 L, how many moles of gas are in the sample?
2) Solid ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is formed by the reaction of gaseous ammonia, NH3, and hydrogen chloride, HCl.
NH3(g)+HCl(g)⟶NH4Cl(s)
A 6.00 g sample of NH3 gas and a 6.00 g sample of HCl gas are mixed in a 2.00 L flask at 25 ∘C.
How many grams of NH4Cl will be formed by this reaction?

Answers

1. To find the number of moles of gas in a sample, you can use the Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in kelvin.
Rearranging the equation to solve for n, we get:

n = PV / RT

Plugging in the given values, we get:

n = (6.83 atm * 60.47 L) / (0.0821 Latm/molK * 475 K)
n = 0.759 mol

So, there are 0.759 moles of gas in the sample.

2. To find the amount of solid ammonium chloride formed in the reaction, we can use the balanced chemical equation:
NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)

1 mole of NH3 reacts with 1 mole of HCl to form 1 mole of NH4Cl.

First, find the number of moles of NH3 and HCl in the reaction:

NH3: 6.00 g / 17.03 g/mol = 0.3501 mol
HCl: 6.00 g / 36.46 g/mol = 0.1645 mol

Since the reaction requires an equal amount of NH3 and HCl, we can use the smaller value for the number of moles, which is 0.1645 mol.

The amount of solid ammonium chloride formed can be found by multiplying the number of moles by the molar mass of NH4Cl:

NH4Cl: 0.1645 mol * 53.49 g/mol = 8.808 g

So, 8.808 g of NH4Cl will be formed by the reaction

When a sugar cube dissolves in coffee, it is an example of which of the following?A. a physical changeB. a chemical changeC. a change in an extensive propertyD. none of the above

Answers

Option (A) is correct. When a sugar cube dissolves in coffee, it is an example of physical change.

Dissolving sugar cubes in coffee, the sugar molecules dissolve in the liquid without undergoing any chemical reaction as the chemical bonds in the molecules of sugar are covalent. The sugar molecule does not react with coffee molecules. Dissolving some substances such as sodium chloride in water is a chemical reaction as the chemical composition of the reactant would change. Physical change is defined as the state of the matter where the physical state of a matter is changed. The composition of the substance does not change. The products can be reversed by physical means in case of physical change.

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how many moles of sodium hydroxide are needed to produce 6.0 moles of calcium hydroxide according to the reaction below?

Answers

There would be 12 moles of sodium hydroxide are needed to produce 6.0 moles of calcium hydroxide.

First we should write the balance chemical reaction

CaCl₂ + 2NaOH → Ca(OH)₂ + 2NaCl

From the chemical reaction we know that 1 moles of CaCl₂ react with 2 moles NaOH produced 1 moles of calcium hydroxide and 2 moles of NaCl.

To calculated moles of sodium hydroxide are needed to produce 6.0 moles of calcium hydroxide we can use unitary method

Moles of NaOH = 2/1 x moles of calcium hydroxide

Moles of NaOH = 2/1 x 6 moles

Moles of NaOH = 12 moles

Therefore, to make 6.0 moles of calcium hydroxide, 12 moles of sodium hydroxide would be required.

Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was

how many moles of sodium hydroxide are needed to produce 6.0 moles of calcium hydroxide according to the reaction below?

CaCl₂ + 2NaOH → Ca(OH)₂ + 2NaCl

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How many grams of sand would you add to a 5.0 mL test tube, that has a mass of 10.0 g if you wanted it to float in the middle of the orange layer? (Don't include units in your answer)​

Answers

The final mass in gram is (V-5.0)/2 + 10.0 g.

How do we calculate?

we need to calculate the mass of the orange layer and add half of that to the 10.0 g test tube to make it float in the middle.

The density of the orange layer can be assumed to be around 1.0 g/mL  and we can calculate the volume by subtracting the volume of the test tube (5.0 mL) from the total volume of the mixture.

We make the assumption that the total volume of the mixture is V mL.

Hence, the volume of the orange layer is (V-5.0) mL, and its mass is (V-5.0) g.

Half of the mass = (V-5.0)/2 g

and should be added to the 10.0 g test tube to make it float in the middle.

So in conclusion, the final answer is (V-5.0)/2 + 10.0 g.

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For the following reaction, 3.59 grams of carbon tetrachloride are mixed with excess methane (CH4) . Assume that the percent yield of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) is 65.5 %.What is the ideal yield of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) ? What is the actual yield of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2)

Answers

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

CCl4 + CH4 → 2CH2Cl2

From the balanced equation, we see that 1 mole of CCl4 reacts with 1 mole of CH4 to produce 2 moles of CH2Cl2.

To determine the theoretical yield of CH2Cl2, we need to convert the given mass of CCl4 to moles, using its molar mass:

Molar mass of CCl4 = 12.01 + 4(35.45) = 154.02 g/mol

Moles of CCl4 = 3.59 g / 154.02 g/mol = 0.0233 mol

Since 1 mole of CCl4 produces 2 moles of CH2Cl2, the theoretical yield of CH2Cl2 is:

Theoretical yield of CH2Cl2 = 2 × 0.0233 mol = 0.0466 mol

To determine the actual yield of CH2Cl2, we need to use the percent yield:

Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100%

Rearranging this formula gives:

Actual yield = (percent yield / 100%) × theoretical yield

Substituting the given values, we get:

Actual yield = (65.5% / 100%) × 0.0466 mol = 0.0305 mol

Finally, we can convert the actual yield of CH2Cl2 to grams, using its molar mass:

Molar mass of CH2Cl2 = 12.01 + 2(35.45) = 84.93 g/mol

Mass of CH2Cl2 = 0.0305 mol × 84.93 g/mol = 2.59 g

Therefore, the ideal yield of CH2Cl2 is 0.0466 mol or 3.97 g, and the actual yield is 0.0305 mol or 2.59 g.

When 25.00 mL of an unknown weak base is titrated with 0.122 M HCI, it takes 32.42 mL to reach the equivalence point. Reference Material pH = -log[H") (H+) = 10 pk = -log K K = 10 X pOH = -log(OH) (OH) = 10-POH pk = -log K K = 10pk Molar Mass HCI 36.458 g/mol The ionic product of water = Kw = [H] x [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 at 298 K. The expression varies with temperature a) What is the concentration, in M, of the weak base? Enter a number only, no text. b) At half-equivalence point, the pH is 11.58. What would be the Kb of the weak base? Enter a number only, no text 101

Answers

a) The concentration of the weak base is 0.0424 M.

b) The Kb of the weak base is 1.29 x 10^-12.

At the equivalence point, the number of moles of HCl added to the solution is equal to the number of moles of the weak base present in the solution.

So, we can calculate the number of moles of HCl that have been added to the solution:

Moles HCl = (0.122 M) * (0.03242 L)

= 0.003987 moles

To find the concentration of the weak base, we divide the number of moles of the weak base by the volume of the solution:

Concentration weak base = Moles weak base/volume

= (0.003987 moles) / (0.025 L) = 0.0424 M

At the half-equivalence point, the number of moles of HCl added to the solution is equal to half the number of moles of the weak base present in the solution.

So, we can calculate the number of moles of HCl that have been added to the solution:

Moles HCl = (0.122 M) * (0.03242 L) / 2 = 0.001994 moles

To find the concentration of the weak base, we divide the number of moles of the weak base by the volume of the solution:

Concentration weak base = Moles weak base/volume

= (0.001994 moles) / (0.025 L) = 0.0808 M

The concentration of the conjugate acid of the weak base can be calculated using the equation:

[H+] = Kw / [OH-] = (1.0 x 10^-14) / (0.0808 M)

= 1.235 x 10^-14 M

The pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation:

pH = -log[H+] = 11.58

The Kb of the weak base can be calculated using the equation:

Kb = Kw / [HA][A-] = (1.0 x 10^-14) / (0.0808 M) (0.0808 M)

= 1.29 x 10^-12

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which of the following are ways of describing solution concentrations? mole fraction percent by mass molarity molality all of the above

Answers

Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of moles of a component of a solution to the total number of moles of all components in the solution.

What is components ?

Components are modular parts of a larger system or structure. They can be physical objects, such as a computer part, or abstract concepts, such as a software algorithm. Components are usually designed to work together in order to achieve a common goal. Components provide a way to break down complex tasks into smaller, manageable pieces. By combining multiple components, the overall system can be more efficient, reliable, and easier to maintain. Components are often reusable, meaning they can be used in multiple different systems or applications.

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