An investor should buy bonds with short-term debt if she wants to create a bond portfolio that keeps its value stable. Because of this, short-term debt is the best option for investors who desire stability in their bond portfolios.
Build your bond portfolio with a variety of bond kinds and maturities (one-, five-, 10-, and 30-years) (Treasury, municipal, corporate, high yield). Try to diversify the industries you're exposed to inside your corporate bonds (financial, health care, manufacturing, retail, etc.).
The foundation of bond portfolio management methods is the management of fixed income investments with the goal of achieving a specific goal, typically maximizing return on investment while lowering risk and controlling interest rates. Either professional investment managers or individual investors can manage a portfolio.
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When General Mills noticed that the Go-gurt brand was not performing as expected, it conducted focus group sessions to determine why consumers were not purchasing the products. Focus groups are an example of which type of research?
The focus group that applied by General Mills is the example of exploratory research. It is because in the focus group, they used questions to determine why consumers were not purchasing the products.
In the term of business research, Exploratory research generally can be defined as an investigates research questions that have not been studied in depth. In practical, Explanatory research usually use some questions tend to start with “why” or “how”, and the goal is to explain why or how a previously studied phenomenon takes place. There are several types of exploratory research, such as case studies, field observations, focus groups, and interviews.
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if an organization asks you to disclose your social security number, but decides to use it for a different purpose than the one stated in the organization's privacy policies, the organization has likely violated which of the generally accepted privacy principles?
If an organization asks you to disclose your social security number and decides to use it for a different purpose than the one stated in the organization's privacy policies, the organization has likely violated the principle of purpose specification.
Purpose specification is a fundamental privacy principle that requires organizations to be transparent about the purpose for which personal information is collected, used, and shared. This principle requires organizations to obtain informed consent from individuals before collecting and using their personal information, and to use the information only for the specific purposes for which it was collected. If an organization uses personal information for a purpose other than the one for which it was originally collected, without the individual's consent, it is a violation of this principle and may be illegal in some jurisdictions.
In this scenario, if an organization collected an individual's social security number for a specific purpose and then used it for a different purpose, the organization would likely be in violation of the principle of purpose specification. This could result in a loss of trust and damage to the organization's reputation, as well as potential legal consequences, such as fines or lawsuits.
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going along with the majority of a group without analyzing alternatives and placing too much emphasis on conformity is typical of
Conformity is an important part of human behavior in societies, as it helps to maintain social norms, group dynamics, and relationships.
Going along with the majority of a group without analyzing alternatives and placing too much emphasis on conformity is a typical example of conformity. It involves a situation where people subordinate their own beliefs and opinions to those of the majority, and do not question the accepted views of the group. This behavior is often seen in situations where there is a lack of information or knowledge. Conformity can also be seen in situations where individuals are trying to gain acceptance or approval from the group. In such cases, people may blindly follow the majority without questioning the validity of their own beliefs or opinions. In addition, individuals may also conform to the majority out of fear, as they may not want to risk being judged or rejected by the group. Conformity can be beneficial in some situations, as it can help to promote group cohesion, but it can also have negative effects, as it can lead to a lack of critical thinking and creativity.
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an engineer working for a large consulting firm has decided to establish his own business. although the new business is several months from start-up, the engineer should:
To start a successful business, an engineer should conduct market research, develop a business plan, register the business, secure funding, establish a strong network, develop a marketing plan, and hire a team while staying organized with accurate financial records.
As an engineer who is starting a new business, there are several steps you can take to prepare and set yourself up for success:
Conduct market research: Research the market to understand your target customers and their needs. This will help you develop a product or service that is in demand and can help you position your business for success.
Develop a business plan: A business plan will help you outline your business goals and strategies, including financial projections and marketing plans. It will also be helpful when seeking funding from investors.
Register your business: Register your business with the relevant government agencies and obtain any necessary licenses and permits.
Secure funding: Consider various funding options, such as loans, investments, or grants, to help finance your business start-up costs.
Establish a strong network: Network with other business owners and entrepreneurs in your industry to gain valuable insights and make connections that can help your business grow.
Develop a marketing plan: Create a marketing plan that outlines how you will reach your target customers and promote your products or services.
Hire a team: As your business grows, you may need to hire additional employees to help manage operations and support growth.
Stay organized: Maintain accurate financial records and establish systems to manage operations, sales, and customer service.
Starting a new business can be challenging, but by taking the time to properly prepare and plan, you can set yourself up for success and achieve your goals.
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choi company determined that the book basis of its office building exceeded the tax basis by $800,000. this basis difference is properly charactorized as
Option B is correct. Company found that the office building's book base exceeded its tax base by $800,000. This base difference is correctly called the taxable temporary difference and the favorable book tax difference.
A taxable temporary difference is one that will become taxable in the future when an asset (or liability) is realized (or settled). A deductible temporary difference is one that will result in a tax credit or savings when the asset (or liability) is realized (or settled) in the future.
Deferred tax liabilities represent taxable temporary differences multiplied by the appropriate tax rate. Deductible temporary differences give rise to deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets represent deductible temporary differences multiplied by the appropriate tax rate.
Deferred tax is a tax on temporary differences that result in a mismatch between the income statement expense and the tax payable. Depending on the circumstances, a deferred tax asset (DTA) or deferred tax liability (DTL) may arise.
Temporary differences arise when operating income or operating expenses are recognized in different periods between the financial statements and tax returns. These differences could include differences in revenue recognition, expenses incurred but not yet paid, or depreciation calculations, reports Finance Train.
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The complete question is:
Choi Company determined that the book basis of its office building exceeded the tax basis by $800,000.This basis difference is properly characterized as:
A. Permanent difference
B. Taxable temporary difference
C. Deductible temporary difference
D. Favorable book-tax difference
E. Both B and D are correct
arkwright not only changed how products were made â it changed where they were made. where did people make products now?
The industrial revolution changed the way people made products, allowing them to shift production away from a craft-based system towards a more efficient and mechanized process.
Here, correct answer will be
With this transition, people began to move production away from the cottage industry of homes and small workshops, and into large factories. This allowed for a much larger amount of products to be produced in a much shorter amount of time.
This shift in production allowed for a much larger global market, as well as an increased variety of products. It also allowed for a larger industrial workforce, as people moved from their small home-based production to larger factories.
This shift in production allowed for more people to be employed in the industry, and for a much wider range of products to be created.
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if you invest 400 at year zero, then that same amount more every subsequent year, letting it accumulate and compound, at an interest rate of 4%, then after 20 years you'd have how much in total?
after 20 years you'd have how much in total : In 20 years, you will have 876.45.
Compound interest, also known as interest on principle and interest, is the practise of adding interest to the principal amount of a loan or deposit. It occurs when interest is reinvested, or added to the loaned capital rather than paid out, or when the borrower is required to pay it, so that interest is generated the next period on the principle amount plus any accrued interest. In finance and economics, compound interest is common.
In contrast to simple interest, which does not compound since past interest is not added to the principal for the current period, compound interest allows interest to build over time.
formula:
A = [tex]p(1+r/n)^{nt}[/tex]
A = 400(1+.04/1)[tex]^{1*20}[/tex]
A = 876.45
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what should an entrepreneur focus on during early growth
Entrepreneurship is an exciting and challenging journey that can be very rewarding when approached with the right mindset and focus. During the early stages of growth, an entrepreneur needs to focus on several critical areas to ensure that their business thrives and achieves its objectives.
One of the most important areas that an entrepreneur should focus on during early growth is creating a sustainable business model. This involves developing a clear understanding of the market and identifying the customer needs that the business can satisfy.
Entrepreneurs need to create a product or service that solves a significant problem or fills a gap in the market. They should also focus on developing a strong value proposition and positioning their offering as unique and valuable to their target audience.
Another key area for an entrepreneur to focus on during early growth is building a team of talented and motivated individuals. The team should be composed of individuals with complementary skills and a shared vision for the business.
The entrepreneur needs to identify the roles and responsibilities that need to be filled and hire the best individuals to fill those roles. Additionally, they should create a culture of teamwork, open communication, and continuous learning to ensure the team works effectively together.
Entrepreneurs need to keep accurate and up-to-date financial records to understand the performance of the business and make informed decisions. They should also focus on building a cash reserve and managing expenses to ensure that the business remains profitable and sustainable in the long run.
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dto, incorporated, has sales of $42 million, total assets of $24 million, and total debt of $8 million. a. if the profit margin is 7 percent, what is the net income?
If the profit margin is 7 percent, the net income is is $2.94 million. A company's net income can be calculated by multiplying sales by profit margin. The company's revenue is $42 million and the profit margin is 7%.
By multiplying these two numbers, we can calculate the company's net income, which is $2.94 million. This calculation is important for determining the profitability of the business and for evaluating the performance of the business over time. It is also an important factor in determining the amount of taxes a company must pay.
It can be calculated as :
Net Income = Sales x Profit Margin
Net Income = $42 million x 0.07
Net Income = $2.94 million
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What three factors determine a product’s elasticity?
Alternative products' accessibility, the amount of a consumer's income that must be spent on a product, and the availability of other items, such as luxuries not required for survival.
Flexibility of a product definitionElasticity is a concept used in economics to describe how the price of a thing or service and the total amount that is requested of those goods or services alter in response to price changes. If a product's demand varies more than proportionally to price changes, it is said to be elastic.
What three factors have an impact on elasticity?Demand elasticity is influenced by a number of variables, including the availability of substitutes, how much a person's income goes toward the cost of the good, and the passage of time.
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explain how cost, quality, time, and agility form a basis for competitive advantage in manufacturing and the service industries.
Cost, quality, time, and agility are key factors that form a basis for competitive advantage in both manufacturing and service industries.
Cost: In both manufacturing and service industries, companies that can produce products or provide services at a lower cost than their competitors have a competitive advantage. Quality: High-quality products or services are essential for attracting and retaining customers. Companies that consistently deliver high-quality products or services are more likely to establish a reputation Time: Speed is often a critical factor in both manufacturing and service industries. Companies that can deliver products or services faster than their competitors can gain a significant advantage.orders can increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.
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fill in the blank: the process of identifying and evaluating potential risks and issues that could impact a project is known as .
Option C. risk analysis. Risk analysis is a systematic and structured approach to identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing risks that could impact a project.
This process helps project managers to assess the likelihood and potential impact of each risk and to develop strategies to mitigate or avoid the risks. By identifying and analyzing potential risks, project managers can make informed decisions to ensure the success of the project. Risk analysis is a critical component of overall risk management, which is the process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks in order to minimize their impact and maximize the chances of project success.
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Fill in the blank: The process of identifying and evaluating potential risks and issues that could impact a project is known as _____.
A. risk identification
B. risk mitigation
C. risk analysis
D. risk management
henri fayol, a french industrialist, was the first to identify all of the managerial functions. which was not one of them?
Henri Fayol is widely recognized as one of the founding fathers of modern management theory and one of the first management theorists to develop a comprehensive framework of the management functions.
Henri Fayol identified five core functions of management: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. However, it is important to note that Fayol's work predates many of the modern concepts and practices in management and some of his ideas may no longer be considered relevant or accurate in today's business environment. As such, it is possible that some functions may not be considered as part of the standard set of managerial functions in current practice. In any case, there are many different frameworks and models of management that have been developed since Fayol's time, and some of these include additional functions such as leading, staffing, or decision making, or break down the original five functions into smaller sub-functions. It is important to keep in mind that management practices and theories are constantly evolving, and what may have been considered a core function in the past may no longer be considered as such in the present day. The field of management is dynamic, and managers must continually adapt and update their knowledge and skills in order to be effective in their roles.
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if the capital stock while the supply of labor , it is likely that the productivity of labor will fall. question 8 options: increases; increases increases; decreases increases; remains fixed remains fixed; increases
Answer:
Explanation:
If in the capital stock fixed while the supply of labor increases, it is likely that the productivity of labor will fall.
Labor productivity is use to evaluate the output of a labor based on hourly basis.
Labor productivity is usually considered by the amount of Capital that is investment. This comprises technological and human capital.
Thus, If the capital stock fixed while the supply of labor increases, it is likely that the productivity of labor will decline.
Labor productivity evaluate the hourly output of a country's economy. Specifically, it charts the amount of real gross domestic product (GDP) manufactured by an hour of labor.
Growth in labor productivity complies on three main factors: saving and investment in physical capital, new technology, and human capital.
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becky is a systems analyst for laswell consulting. she is attending a three-day intensive workshop on developing applications in php. what systems analyst skill is she working on?
As a systems analyst for Laswell Consulting, Becky is responsible for understanding a company's systems and processes and finding ways to improve and optimize them.
By attending a three-day intensive workshop on developing applications in PHP, she is honing her technical skills and knowledge of programming languages. This will allow her to better understand the underlying technology of the systems she is analyzing, making her more effective in identifying potential issues and developing solutions. Additionally, by learning to develop applications in PHP, Becky can also become more proficient in designing and implementing custom software solutions to meet the specific needs of her clients. This type of workshop is a prime example of continuous learning, which is a key skill for systems analysts. They must be able to stay current with the latest technology and programming languages in order to provide the best possible solutions to their clients. In conclusion, Becky is working on her technical skills and knowledge, which are both crucial for the role of a systems analyst.
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which of the following is a disadvantage of bureaucracy? group of answer choices unclear hierarchy of authority unclear division of labor preferential treatment of some employees absence of written guidelines excessive paperwork
The statement that is a disadvantage of bureaucracy is: C. Excessive paperwork.
What are the disadvantage of bureaucracy?Excessive paperwork is considered a disadvantage of bureaucracy because bureaucracy is often characterized by a focus on rules, regulations, and procedures, which can lead to an over-reliance on written documentation.
Excessive paperwork can therefore be seen as a disadvantage of bureaucracy because it can create a burden for employees, slow down decision-making processes, and negatively impact the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.
Therefore the correct option is C.
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yves is an excellent barber. however, all customers who come to him for a haircut must buy a bottle of shampoo. this type of arrangement is known as a. a tie-in sale. b. an exclusive contract. c. a cross subsidy. d. a sweetheart deal.
Yves is an excellent barber. However, all customers who come to him for a haircut must buy a bottle of shampoo. This type of arrangement is known as "a tie-in sale". The correct option is A.
The tie-in sale is the method of arrangement in which the sellers or shopkeeper typing to sale of one product to another. And, it is the method to gain the sales in other markets and obtain sales to customer.
The type of business arrangement is like the partnership, sole proprietorships, limited liability companies and the corporation. On the other hand, the type of business contract is bill of sale, enterprise service agreement, franchise agreement and the employment agreement.
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samuel is taking off from work for four hours this afternoon and going to a baseball game. the ticket to the game costs $25, and it costs $15 to park at the stadium. samuel earns $15 an hour at his job. samuel's opportunity cost of going to the ball game is:
The opportunity cost of an action is the value of the next best alternative that is given up as a result of making a certain choice.
In this case, the opportunity cost of Samuel going to the baseball game is the value of the work he could have done during the four hours he is taking off. Since he earns $15 per hour, the opportunity cost of his time is $15 x 4 = $60. In addition to the opportunity cost of his time, the ticket to the game costs $25 and the cost of parking is $15, so the total cost of attending the game is $25 + $15 = $40. Hence, the total opportunity cost of going to the baseball game is $60 + $40 = $100. This means that for Samuel to attend the game, he has to give up the opportunity to earn $100. This is the opportunity cost of attending the baseball game and represents the highest-valued alternative use of his time and money. By weighing the benefits of attending the game against the opportunity cost, Samuel can make an informed decision about whether or not the game is worth it for him.
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an adjusting entry that has the effect of moving a portion of deferred revenue liability from the balance sheet to the income statement has the effect of:
An adjusting entry that transfers a portion of the cost of an asset from the balance sheet to the income statement reduces assets and raises expenses.
What is an income statement?You can see the company's income and expenses on an income statement, which is a financial statement. It also reveals if a business is profitable or losing money over a specific time frame. You can better grasp your company's financial situation with the aid of the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
What causes a reduction in an asset and an increase in a cost?In an accounting ledger, debits are always recorded on the left side. Debits affect liability, equity, and income accounts negatively while positively affecting asset and cost accounts.
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how is an impairment loss recognized on the financial statements for a cost method equity investment? in other comprehensive income in current earnings deferred until recoverable
An impairment loss on a cost method equity investment is recognized on the financial statements as a decrease in the value of the investment.
The recognition of an impairment loss occurs when the carrying value of the investment exceeds its fair value. The accounting treatment of an impairment loss depends on whether the investment is classified as a debt or an equity instrument. If the investment is classified as a debt instrument, the impairment loss is recognized in the current earnings. If the investment is classified as an equity instrument, the impairment loss is recognized in other comprehensive income, unless it is deemed to be other-than-temporary.
In summary, the recognition of an impairment loss on a cost method equity investment depends on the classification of the investment and whether the loss is deemed to be other-than-temporary.
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a market segment is an individual customer who shares similar inclinations toward your brand. select one: true false
This statement is True. Market segmentation is the process of dividing a market into different groups of customers who share similar characteristics, needs, wants, or behaviors. It's a way to divide a large, heterogeneous market into smaller, more homogeneous groups that can be more easily targeted and served.
By segmenting the market, marketers can better understand their customers and how best to meet their needs. It allows marketers to identify and target specific groups of customers, giving them the ability to tailor their marketing strategies to meet the needs of each segment. This allows them to tailor their products and services to better suit the needs of each segment, ultimately increasing their chances of success.
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the following categories are on a classified balance sheet. list them in the order that they would appear. need help? review these concept resources.
An organised balance sheet includes the following categories:
Existing assetEnduring investmentAsset for plants Intangible assetCurrent obligationsLong-term obligationsThese categories each have a line item that represents the company's status at that specific period.
An asset is anything that belongs to a firm. Money, equipment, computers, desks, seats, and even intangibles like patents and trademarks can be included.
Short-term certificates of deposit and treasury bills are examples of cash equivalents. They are known as "cash equivalents" because, given their quick conversion into cash.
The stock of items that a company has at any given time is referred to as inventory. This is categorized as current assets.
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Laws such as the Affordable Care Act and technologies such as mobile apps are components of CVS Health's __________, while the company's customers are not.
Laws such as the Affordable Care Act and technologies such as mobile apps are components of CVS Health's General Environment, while the company's customers are not.
The ACA act forms part of the legal environment, and technologies form part of the technological environment as different components of the general environment. Customers are part of the external environment.
The variety of external factors that have an impact on an organization's performance and operation is known as the general environment, or macro-environment. These outside factors can determine whether a company encounters market opportunities or failures.
The "Affordable Care Act" (ACA) is the name given to the comprehensive health care reform law and its amendments. The law addresses preventive care, health care costs, and health insurance coverage.
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ted doesn't seem to care about anything at work -- his job, his coworkers, or even the company. he's just biding his time, exerting just enough effort to keep his job, and counting the days until retirement. ted would best be described as a(n)
Ted doesn't appear to care about anything at work, not even the firm or his employees. He is simply passing the time, making only enough effort to maintain his employment, and counting down the minutes till retirement. Ted is best characterised as an Apathethic.
Lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or concern is referred to as apathy. It is a state of apathy or the repression of feelings like worry, enthusiasm, motivation, or passion. Apathetic people have little interest in, or care for, the emotional, social, spiritual, intellectual, virtual, or real worlds. A person's lack of goal orientation is another way to describe apathy.
Apathetic people may not feel that their lives have any value or significance. People with extreme apathy frequently lead lower-quality lives and are more likely to die young or enter institutions early. Additionally, they might show sluggishness or insensibility. Apathy is defined in positive psychology as the state in which a person feels they lack the degree of ability necessary to face a problem.
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core competencies are unrelated to the amount of resources that a firm has access to. group of answer choices true false
A core competency is a collection of abilities that are challenging for rivals to duplicate, that can be used in various industries, and that adds value.
A proposed diversification move must pass three requirements in order to be approved (Porter, 1987). How appealing is the market a company is thinking about entering? Entering a new industry can be exceedingly hazardous unless it has significant profit potential. How much will it cost to get started in the business? Executives must be certain that their company can recover the costs it incurs in order to diversify. The average cost of a medicine produced by a big pharmaceutical company and given regulatory approval ranges from $4 billion to $11 billion. Will the company, as well as the new entity, benefit? Diversification ought to be avoided until one party or the other acquires a competitive advantage. The costs may be high when creating new medications because
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2. What does the word cost mean in the context, "understanding their costs and
income, budgeting to ensure all their expenses are covered is a financially
tsresponsible behavior"?
Answer:
Explanation: A budget is an estimation of revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time and is usually compiled and re-evaluated on a periodic basis.
The amount of money that a business had to spend on the production of its goods or services is known as the cost.
How does financial planning use budgeting?
The method of planning a company's earnings and expenses over a specific time period is known as financial budgeting. The management's financial plans are outlined in budgets.
The cost of a business's products or services is the sum of money that was required to produce them. Among other things, this entails allocating financial means and figuring out how much cash is available to spend.
Therefore, A financial budget is one that is concerned with the balance sheet of the business, which also includes the cash budget.
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enter your answer and show all the steps that you use to solve this problem in the space provided. a. find the unit price for each option shown below. round to the nearest cent when necessary. option i: 10 candy bars for $6.75 option ii: 12 candy bars for $7.25 b. which option is the better buy.
Buying 12 candy bars for $7.25 is the better option. It costs less amount than buying 10 candy bars at $6.75.
The given data is as follows:
case-1
Number of candy bars = 10
The cost of 10 candy bars is $6.75
To calculate the cost of one candy bar, we need to use the formula,
The cost of one candy bar = The cost of all candy bars/ Number of candy bars
The cost of one candy bar = (6.75/10) = $0.675
case-2
Number of candy bars = 12
The Cost of 10 candy bars is $7.25
To calculate the cost of one candy bar, we need to use the formula,
The cost of one candy bar = The cost of all candy bars/ Number of candy bars
The cost of one candy bar = (7.25/12) = $0.604
So, we can conclude that buying 12 candy bars for $7.25 is the better option.
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what are the annual sales for a firm with $414,000 in debt, a total debt ratio of 0.4, and an asset turnover of 3? (enter your answer as a whole number (no decimal places and not in $m or $k, whole dollars).
We must first determine the firm's total assets before we can determine the annual sales. The overall debt ratio might be used for this. The annual sales for the firm are $3,105,000.
We must apply the total debt ratio method in order to get the company's annual sales:
Total Debt Ratio is calculated as Total Debt / Total Assets
To solve for Total Assets, we can rearrange this formula as follows:
Total Debt / Total Debt Ratio = Total Assets
The overall debt is $414,000, and the total debt ratio is 0.4, as far as we are aware. When these values are added to the formula, we obtain:
Total Assets is equal to $1,035,000 divided by $414,000
Now, we can calculate the annual sales using the asset turnover formula:
Sales / Total Assets equals asset turnover.
We are aware that the total assets are $1,035,000 and that the asset turnover is 3. When these values are added to the formula, we obtain:
3 = Sales / $1,035,000
Solving for Sales, we get:
Sales = 3 x $1,035,000 = $3,105,000
Therefore, the annual sales for the firm are $3,105,000.
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one safe investment pays 10% per year, and a more risky investment pays 18% per year. a woman who has $144,500 to invest would like to have an income of $19,810 per year from her investments. how much should she invest at each rate?
The woman should invest $77900 at a 10% interest rate and $66,000 at an 18% interest rate.
A woman makes a $143900 investment.
She expects her $19670 investment to generate an annual income for her.
The interest rate for a secure investment is 10%.
The risky investment has an interest rate of 18%.
Allow "x" to represent the amount invested at 10% annually, and "y" to represent the amount invested at 18% annually.
In response to the query, we can write,
x + y = 143900 ….. I
and,
10% of x plus 18% of y equals 19670.
Or, 0.1x + 0.18y = 19670 ….. (ii)
Equation I is multiplied by 0.1, and Equation (ii) is then subtracted to provide Equation I
0.1x + 0.18y - 0.1x - 0.1y = 19760 – (143900 * 0.1)
Or, 0.08y = 5280
Or, y = 5280/0.08 = $ 66000
By changing y = 66000 in equation I we obtain
x + y = 143900
Or, x = 143900 – 66000 = $ 77900
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how does the volkswagen scandal highlght the need for itnergating esg cators into an investor's decision making
The scandal highlights the need to increase corporate transparency and is another argument in favor of integrating ESG factors into the investment decision-making process.
Some consumers have lost interest in diesel vehicles. We found that consumer preference for diesel vehicles has decreased. As BMW and Mercedes-Benz continued to sell such vehicles after the scandal, that power was to their detriment. In our model, this effect resulted in $0.7 billion in lost sales for non-VW German automakers.
The scandal, when it became known, had a drastic effect on Volkswagen's reputation and immediately caused a drop in the company's share price. In the long run, however, the causes and effects were more complex and reached the wider market, ultimately causing a contraction of the diesel car market.
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