When a white blood cell engulfs a foreign particle with its pseudopods, it traps the particle in a structure called vacuole in its cytoplasm.
What is meant by white blood cells?A low white blood cell count generally means your body is not making enough white blood cells and can increase your risk of getting infections.
White blood cells are part of body's immune system and they help body fight infection and other diseases. Types of white blood cells are as: granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells).
High white blood cell count indicates that the immune system is working to destroy infection.
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The works of Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey caused tensions with the Church because they
questioned the geocentric theory
dissected humans
wrote in the common languages
rejected the authority of the Bible
The works of Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey caused tensions with the Church because they
B. dissected humans.Who was Andreas Vesalius?Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey were influential figures in the field of anatomy and physiology during the Renaissance period. However, their work challenged the traditional beliefs of the time, including the work of Galen, a Greek physician who was widely accepted as the authority in the field.
Vesalius and Harvey's dissections of human cadavers for scientific purposes were seen as heretical and in conflict with the Church's teachings, which held that the human body was sacred and should not be dissected. This caused tensions with the Church and made them controversial figures, as their work was seen as challenging the authority of the Church and undermining traditional medical beliefs.
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the cell wall component of a gram negative bacterium that can exhibit toxicity and cause fevers if the bacterium is inside you is the ______
The cell wall component of a gram negative bacterium that can exhibit toxicity and cause fevers if the bacterium is inside you is the endotoxin.
Endotoxins are basically the glycolipid and the lipopolysaccharide or the LPS macromolecules which make up about the 75% of the outer membrane present in the gram-negative bacteria and these are capable of causing lethal shock to humans.
The structure of lipopolysaccharide basically consists of a hydrophobic lipid A domain, the outermost O-antigen polysaccharide and an oligosaccharide core. Endotoxins present on the gram-negative bacteria can cause changes in blood pressure, fever, inflammation, lethal shock, and a lot of other toxic events.
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What are the physical features of people with this disorder?
Answer: People with Down syndrome are bullied and laughed at because of their physical features such as slanted eyes, small chin, flat nasal bridge, large tongue that protrudes out of the small mouth, etc. they are often characterised by other deformities, too, such as flat and wide face, short neck or short fingers.
___ ___ ___ provide the nervous system with information about the amount of tension the muscle is applying to the tendon.
Muscle spindles provide the nervous system with information about the amount of tension the muscle is applying to the tendon.
Muscle spindles are sensory receptors located within the muscle fibers that monitor changes in muscle length and tension. They respond to changes in muscle length by sending afferent nerve impulses to the spinal cord, which then sends efferent impulses back to the muscle to control its contraction. In this way, muscle spindles help to regulate the muscle tone and maintain proper posture.
Therefore, muscle spindles play a crucial role in providing the nervous system with information about the amount of tension the muscle is applying to the tendon, allowing it to respond and make necessary adjustments to maintain proper muscle function and control.
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as blood sugar rises, receptors in the body sense this change, and the pancreas (the control center) secretes insulin into the blood. this change in turn prompts body cells to absorb more glucose, removing it from the bloodstream. as blood sugar falls, the stimulus for insulin release ends. which of the following best describes this example of a feedback system?
It is a classic example of a negative feedback system in the body.
In a negative feedback system, a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change, bringing the variable back to a set point or normal level.
In this example, the variable being monitored is blood sugar, and the receptors in the body sense the change in blood sugar levels. The pancreas, acting as the control center, then secretes insulin into the blood in response to the rising blood sugar levels. This change prompts body cells to absorb more glucose, thereby removing it from the bloodstream and lowering the blood sugar levels back to their normal range.
Negative feedback systems are common in biology and are crucial for maintaining homeostasis, or the balance of internal conditions in the body, despite changes in the external environment.
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When the cause of a disease is due to unintended or unwanted medical treatment, the term to describe this is? A. Genotype
B. Idiopathic
C. Ecogenetics
D. Iatrogenic
The term to describe a disease caused by unintended or unwanted medical treatment is "iatrogenic".
What is Iatrogenic?Iatrogenic is a term used to describe any harm or adverse effect caused by medical treatment or medical intervention. This includes harm caused by medical procedures, medication errors, or other medical interventions that result in injury or harm to the patient.
Here,
Iatrogenic diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, such as errors in diagnosis, errors in treatment, or unexpected side effects of medications. In some cases, iatrogenic diseases may result from well-intentioned medical treatments that have unintended consequences.
Overall, the term iatrogenic is used to describe diseases or adverse events caused by medical intervention, and highlights the importance of careful consideration and monitoring of medical treatments to minimize the risk of unintended harm to patients.
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All of the following statements describe the structure of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae exceptA. To protect the spinal cordB. They attach the thoracic vertebrae to the ribs.C. Their body consists of paired pedicles and laminae.D. They are located in the petrous part of the parietal bones.
D. They are located in the petrous part of the parietal bones.
The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae are located in the spinal column, not in the petrous part of the parietal bones. The other three statements (A, B, and C) are correct and describe the structure of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae.
What is parietal bones?The parietal bones are a pair of flat bones located in the human skull, on either side of the cranial vault. They form the largest part of the skull's roof and contribute to the sides and top of the cranial cavity, which protects the brain. The parietal bones are connected to other bones in the skull, such as the frontal bone, the temporal bones, and the occipital bone, to form the cranial vault. In addition to protecting the brain, the parietal bones also play a role in supporting the skull and aiding in the transfer of weight from the skull to the spinal column.
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Which of the following is commonly NOT found in the leaves of plants in the rainforest that helps them deal with the heavy rains that they encounter?
-taking up water through leaf pores
-having pointed leaf tips
-having gutters
-having dense hairs on the leaves
-being tough
The correct answer is: taking up water through leaf pores.
What is a leaf?
A leaf is the main stem appendage of a vascular plant. It is designed specifically for photosynthesis and is typically borne laterally above ground. As in "fall foliage," leaves are referred to collectively as foliage, whereas the shoot system is made up of the leaves, stem, blossom, and fruit.Palisade mesophyll, which is typically found on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf, is the primary photosynthetic tissue in most leaves. However, in some species, such as the mature foliage of Eucalyptus, palisade mesophyll is present on both sides, and the leaves are referred to as isobilateral. The majority of leaves are flattened, with distinct upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that vary in color, hairiness, number of stomata (pores that take in and output gases), amount, and structure of chlorophyll, and other properties.To know more about leaves, click the link given below:
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T/F: the differences between multicellular organisms are largely explained by the different kinds of genes carried on their chromosomes and when and where the genes are expressed.
The statement "the differences between multicellular organisms are largely explained by the different kinds of genes carried on their chromosomes and when and where the genes are expressed" is true because there are hundreds to thousands of genes on each chromosome.
The most significant class of substance in the body is likely proteins. Proteins serve as more than only the building blocks for skin, connective tissue, muscles, and other organs of organisms. The production of enzymes also requires them. Nearly all chemical reactions and functions in the body are controlled and carried out by sophisticated proteins called enzymes. There are thousands of distinct enzymes that the body makes.
As a result, the kinds and quantities of proteins the body synthesizes control the overall structure and operation of the body. Genes, which are found on chromosomes, regulate the production of proteins.
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Which of the following is correct with respect to the amino acid composition of proteins?A) Proteins with the same molecular weight have the same amino acid composition
B) Proteins contain at least one each of the twenty different standard amino acids
C) Larger proteins have a more uniform distribution of amino acids than smaller proteins
D) Proteins with different functions usually differ significantly in their amino acid composition
E) The average molecular weight of an amino acid in a protein increases with the size of the
protein
The following is correct with respect to the amino acid composition of proteins: proteins with different functions usually differ significantly in their amino acid composition.
Thus, the correct option is D.
Eаch cell in а living system mаy contаin thousаnds of different proteins, eаch with а unique function. Their structures, like their functions, vаry greаtly. They аre аll, however, polymers of аmino аcids, аrrаnged in а lineаr sequence. The functions of proteins аre very diverse becаuse there аre 20 different chemicаlly distinct аmino аcids thаt form long chаins, аnd the аmino аcids cаn be in аny order.
For exаmple, proteins cаn function аs enzymes or hormones. Enzymes, which аre produced by living cells, аre cаtаlysts in biochemicаl reаctions (like digestion) аnd аre usuаlly proteins.
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Which statement is correct about the function of a pseudopod?
The functions of pseudopodia include locomotion and ingestion.
What is the function of the pseudopod?Pseudopodia are critical in discerning targets that can then be engulfed; the engulfing pseudopodia are called phagocytosis pseudopodia. A usual example of this type of amoeboid cell is the macrophage. Pseudopods have two main functions: (1) locomotion and (2) capture of prey or inundation of food. The pseudopod bulges outward from the edge of the cell to pull in the whole organism as it goes forward.
Movement authorizes an organism to change its form or function shape. This is attained using pseudopods. Protists, such as the amoeba, use pseudopods to obtain nutrients or to get rid of waste.
So we can conclude that Pseudopodia are interim projections of the cytoplasm of a cell.
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given that caffeine is a stimulant, which of the following mechanisms best explains the reason for the feeling that the heart skipped a beat?
The reason for a feeling that the heart skipped a beat is : C) Purkinje fibers initiate spontaneous action potentials which causes ventricles to contract early.
What is the reason for the feeling that heart skipped a beat?When you feel "skipped" beat, then you are probably experiencing an early heartbeat. Because the heart contracts before ventricles have had time to fill with blood and there is little or no blood pushed out to the body. Therefore, we don't feel that contraction as a beat.
Some are more sensitive to caffeine than others, and for some, caffeine may trigger heart palpitations. Caffeine may cause heart palpitations in people with caffeine sensitivity and those with underlying heart condition.
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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question: A person notices his or her heart beat because he or she senses blood being pumped by the heart. Excessive caffeine intake can lead to irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that patients perceive as "skipped beats." Given that caffeine is a stimulant, which of the following mechanisms best explains the reason for the feeling that the heart skipped a beat?
A) Action potentials are not delayed sufficiently at the AV node.
B) Action potentials propagate into the ventricles before the contractile cells have repolarized from the previous heartbeat.
C) Purkinje fibers initiate spontaneous action potentials which cause the ventricles to contract early.
D) Spontaneous action potentials in the SA node overlap such that the repolarizing phase of one action potential cancels out the depolarizing phase of the next.
Where do the high-energy electrons come from to power:
Photosynthesis
Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation
Inorganic chemical-based Chemosynthesis (or Chemoautotrophy)
Answer:
High energy electron come from photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Sun is primary source of energy. All the energy come from
People who engage in extreme sports often do so to feel the rush of epinephrine and norepinephrine. This hormone rush comes from the _____ glands.
People who engage in extreme sports often do so to feel the rush of epinephrine and norepinephrine. This hormone rush comes from the adrenaline rush glands.
Extreme sports are popular among those who want to experience the rush of hormones. The thrill they experience from the chemicals adrenaline and norepinephrine is caused by: brain networks. adrenal glands. Extreme sports enthusiasts frequently do so to experience the surge of adrenaline and norepinephrine.
Some folks appreciate the buzz that adrenaline provides. They may choose to engage in intense sports or activities in order to deliberately release adrenaline into their bodies.
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Which characteristic would a taxonomist use to classify organisms as Archaebacteria or as Eubacteria?
A.) The Internal organization of the cell.
B.)The number of cells in an individual.
C.) The composition of the cell wall.
D.) The nutritional requirements of the organisms.
How is cellular respiration related to photosynthesis?
Multiple Choice
both break down glucose for energy
both build glucose to store energy from the sun
both reactions release carbon dioxide
Seved
Photosynthesis produces glucose using energy from the sun while cell respiration produces oxygen from glucose.
Photosynthesis produces alucose usina enerav from the sun while cell respiration breaks down alucose to release energy
Photosynthesis makes glucose which is used in cellular respiration for making ATP.
How does cellular respiration lead to photosynthesis?Photosynthesis transform carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-effect. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by-products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the procedure.
The glucose is then transformed back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. The glucose is then changed back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. Cellular respiration is how animals together glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
So we can conclude that Respiration and photosynthesis are biological reactions in the environment that companion each other.
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The saccharide shown here is present in some plant-derived foods.
(a) Indicate the anomeric carbon atom(s) in this structure by drawing a circle around the atom(s) or by drawing an arrow pointing to the atom(s).
(b) Would this saccharide give a positive result with Benedict’s reagent? Why or why not?
(c) Would this saccharide give a positive result with Barfoed’s reagent? Why or why not?
This saccharide would not give a positive result with Benedict's reagent, but Barfoed's reagent would due to its free reducing sugar group. Its foundation is the transformation of copper acetate into copper oxide, which precipitates as a brick-red substance.
Is sucrose equivalent to sugar?Sugar, the familiar and beloved simple carbohydrate that is generated organically in all plants, particularly fruits, vegetables, and even nuts, is known chemically as sucrose. According to an University of Pennsylvania, Davis research that was published in the International Journal of Clinical Endocrine and Metabolism, sucrose, the more "natural form of sugar," may be just as harmful to your health as HFCS.
a) The anomeric carbon atoms in this structure are circled.
b) This saccharide would not give a positive result with Benedict's reagent as it does not contain an aldehyde functional group.
c) This saccharide would give a positive result with Barfoed's reagent, because it contains a free reducing sugar group.
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which of the following scenarios would cause a peritrichously flagellated bacterium (like e. coli) to swim in a forward motion? choose one: A. all flagella turning clockwise
B. all flagella turning counterclockwise
C. rotation of the flagella (direction doesn't matter) on only the "back" half of the bacterium
D. 50% or more of the flagella rotating clockwise
E. 50% or more of the flagella rotating counterclockwise
A peritrichously flagellated bacterium like E. coli will swim in a forward motion when 50% or more of its flagella are rotating counterclockwise.
What is bacteria?Bacteria are single-celled creatures that are tiny in size. Bacteria may be found practically wherever on the earth and are essential to the planet's ecosystems. Some animals can survive in severe temperatures and pressures. The human body is teeming with germs, and it is thought that bacterial cells outnumber human cells.
Here,
Bacteria like E. coli are covered with many flagella that help them move through their environment. In a peritrichously flagellated bacterium, the flagella are located all around the cell, rather than in a single bundle or at one end of the cell. When all of the flagella are rotating in the same direction, the bacterium will move in a straight line. However, if half or more of the flagella are rotating in the opposite direction, the bacterium will move in a circular motion or tumble, and change direction.
In order for the bacterium to swim in a forward motion, 50% or more of the flagella must be rotating counterclockwise, causing a "paddle-like" movement that propels the bacterium forward. This type of coordinated flagellar movement is regulated by complex signaling pathways and motor proteins within the bacterium.
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The toads, Bufo woodhousei and Bufo americanus have overlapping ranges. They usually do not interbreed because B._________ breeds in rainwater puddles and B.________breeds in stream.
The toads, Bufo woodhousei and Bufo americanus have overlapping ranges. They usually do not interbreed because americanus breeds in rainwater puddles and woodhousei breeds in stream.
Originally from the United States and Mexico, the Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousii) is a medium-sized true toad that measures 4 inches (10 centimetres) in length. Two subspecies are recognised. Samuel Washington Woodhouse, an American physician and naturalist, is honoured with the name woodhousii. In areas where their ranges overlap, B. woodhousei and Bufo americanus frequently hybridise.
In various areas of the range, breeding occurs at various times of the year. The eggs are placed in gelatinous strings in habitats with still water, while the males call from within or near areas of standing water. Tadpoles normally undergo metamorphosis in five to eight weeks.
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Which of the following scenarios would lead to this type of natural selection graph?
Question 17 options:
the longest and shortest tailed squirrels are selected for
the most common butterfly wing pattern is selected for
all beetles of one color are selected for
a single mouse is born with a mutated fur color
According to experts who study squirrels, they can also fall from trees, get their tails trapped in the teeth of predators, or get hit by cars. genetic drift, natural selection mutation, and gene flow.
What circumstances will result in natural selection?Natural selection happens when people with a particular genotype have a higher chance of surviving, reproducing, and passing on her alleles to the following generation than individuals with a different genotype.
What examples of organic selection are there?The process through which species with better environmental adaptations endure and procreate more is known as natural selection. Natural selection is demonstrated by the increase in the proportion of moths following urbanization.
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Electron carriers used in electron transport chains are always found in membranes. Which one of the following statements is NOT a reason why electron transport chains are found in membranes?
The following statement is not a reason why electron transport chains are found in membranes is so that they can transport NADH out of the cell to the periplasm.
Thus, the correct answer is so that they can transport NADH out of the cell to the periplasm (C).
The electron trаnsport chаin is а series of four protein complexes thаt couple redox reаctions, creаting аn electrochemicаl grаdient thаt leаds to the creаtion of АTP in а complete system nаmed oxidаtive phosphorylаtion. It occurs in mitochondriа in both cellulаr respirаtion аnd photosynthesis. In the former, the electrons come from breаking down orgаnic molecules, аnd energy is releаsed. In the lаtter, the electrons enter the chаin аfter being excited by light, аnd the energy releаsed is used to build cаrbohydrаtes.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your options were
A. so that the electron carriers can be oriented within the membrane such that protons are passed from one side of the membrane to the other
B. so that they can effectively pass electrons in sequence from the carriers with the more negative reduction potentials to those with the more positive reduction potentials
C. so that they can transport NADH out of the cell to the periplasm
D. so that the electron only carriers can be arranged to alternate with electron plus protein carriers in the chain
Thus, the correct option is C.
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1. Variation in human skin color is a result of
a. incomplete dominance.
b. codominance.
c. polygenic traits.
d. multiple alleles.
A unique gene interaction known as incomplete dominance occurs when a dominant allele is unable to completely suppress the expression of a recessive allele. Skin tone is controlled by several genes.
What causes diversity in the colour of human skin?Variation in pigmentation, which is brought on by genetics (inherited from one's biological parents and/or specific gene alleles), exposure to the sun, natural and sexual selection, or any combination of these, is what gives people their different skin tones.
What kind of fluctuation in skin tone is typical?The range of normal skin tones includes white, pink, yellow, brown, and black. Skin, head hair, and body hair clearly differ between the various ethnic groups.
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breakdown of which of the following contributes to the production of blood glucose during the postabsorptive state?
Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as proteins and fats, to maintain a steady level of glucose in the bloodstream.
What is postabsorptive state?While the body is in a postabsorptive condition, it is fasting and unable to access any food sources of energy. To achieve its energy requirements during this period, the body must draw on reserves of glycogen, fat, and protein. Usually, this condition develops 8 to 12 hours after breaking the fast.
The process of gluconeogenesis is primarily responsible for the postabsorptive state's blood glucose synthesis. A metabolic mechanism called gluconeogenesis produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources including proteins and lipids in order to keep the blood sugar level stable. This procedure results in the creation of glucose, which is then released into the circulation, from molecules including lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids. This is crucial because it aids in controlling blood sugar levels and keeps them from dropping too low.
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The complete question is: What contributes to the production of blood glucose during the postabsorptive state?
to describe the principle of independent assortment, you must refer to: two different genes on distinct cromosomes. genetic recombination. two different genes on the same chromosome. two different genes on distinct chromosome
The principle of independent assortment states that when two different genes on distinct chromosome pairs are recombined during meiosis, the alleles of each gene can be separated independently of one another.
What is chromosome?A chromosome is a strand of DNA that is tightly packed with a number of genes. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells and are responsible for transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one member of each pair inherited from each parent. Chromosomes come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and the number of chromosomes in an organism is specific to its species. The chromosomes contain all of the genetic information necessary to create and maintain an organism. The arrangement of genes on the chromosome is responsible for the expression of traits, such as eye color and height.
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How does geological time help us understand the importance of fossils?
Answer:
Geological time provides context and a framework for understanding the significance of fossils. Fossils are the preserved remains or impressions of ancient organisms, and they provide important evidence for the evolution and diversification of life on Earth. Geological time, on the other hand, refers to the immense span of time over which Earth has existed and evolved, including the changes that have taken place in its rocks, continents, oceans, and atmosphere.
By dividing geological time into smaller units and placing fossils into this framework, we can understand when and where different species existed, how they evolved and adapted over time, and how they are related to one another. This helps us to reconstruct the history of life on Earth and to gain a better understanding of the processes that have shaped our planet and its diverse array of living organisms.
For example, studying fossils in rocks of different ages can help us to understand the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms and to trace the origins of major groups such as mammals, birds, and reptiles. This information provides valuable insights into the history of life on Earth, the evolution of its ecosystems, and the factors that have shaped the diversity of life we see today.
the following statements describe ideas about how students learn science that are supported by current learning theory, except:
Creating and utilizing the content utilizing their STEM expertise to address issues and provide information. Understanding and describing dynamic interactions by means of system behavior.
What are the three categories of scientific research?Description inquiry, comparative enquiry, and experimental investigation are the three sorts of studies that scientists employ to explore and create answers for phenomena in nature.
What is involved in a scientific approach to education?Through testing and experimentation, the scientific method develops facts in an objective manner. Making an observation, developing a hypothesis, making a prediction, carrying out an experiment, and evaluating the outcomes are the fundamental processes.
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the name of the secretion produced in the stomach that helps break down protein and activates pepsin is .
For example, both archaea and eukaryotes share unique ______________ RNA sequences and their ribosomal subunit structures are similar as well.
For example, both archaea and eukaryotes share unique ribosomal RNA sequences and their ribosomal subunit structures are similar as well.
What are the parallels and differences between archaea and bacteria?Archaea, like bacteria, lack internal membranes but have a cell wall and swim with flagella. Archaea vary from bacteria in that their cell wall lacks peptidoglycan and their cell membrane contains ether linked lipids rather than ester linked lipids.
Both bacteria and archaea have cell membranes with a hydrophobic component. It is a fatty acid in the case of bacteria and a hydrocarbon in the case of archaea (phytanyl). Bacteria and archaea both have a protective cell wall.
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the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. which of the following accomplish this task?A) plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli
B) the vast array of digestive enzymes
C) Brunner's glands and Peyer Patches
D) the rugae and haustra
A. plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli
The following that accomplished the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining are the plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli (option A)
The small intestine has a diameter of 2.5–3.0 cm and a length of roughly 6 m. The colon has a 6-7.5 cm diameter and a length of about 1.5 m. Villi and microvilli, which increase the intestinal surface area by 30-600 fold, respectively, considerably increase the surface area of the small intestine. The tip of villus, which range in length from 0.5 to 1.6 mm, is lined by columnar epithelial cells. While crypt cells are typically thought of as secretory, these are typically absorptive cells.
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leaf lettuce is known for its diversity in leaf shape and color; however, it does not store as well as other types of lettuce. true or false?
Leaf lettuce is known for its diversity in leaf shape and color; however, it does not store as well as other types of lettuce. True. Because it only saves a little water causes the lettuce to wilt quickly.
Lettuce is an annual plant that has many forms on its leaves and has many benefits for the body when consumed such as lowering cholesterol levels. This plant contains several important substances for the body such as protein, carbohydrates, water, minerals, and fiber.
Leaf lettuce is a type of lettuce that has wavy leaf tips with a whitish light green color. Curly lettuce leaves have broad petioles and pinnate veins with a soft texture and slightly sweet taste. The root system of this plant is fibrous roots attached to the stem. Therefore, this lettuce saves a little water so it wilts easily.
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