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Entropy and the inefficiency of energy transfer are part of the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

The first law of thermodynamics states that neither creation nor destruction of energy is possible. The universe becomes more entropic when a spontaneous process occurs, according to the second law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics' third law: The entropy of a perfect crystal is 0 at absolute zero Kelvin. The overall entropy of a system may only ever increase or stay constant during spontaneous processes, according to the second law of thermodynamics. If the physical process is irreversible, the overall entropy of the system and its surroundings must increase. For a process to be irreversible, the final entropy needs to be higher than the starting entropy: Sf > Si (irreversible process). The overall entropy of a system and its surroundings can remain constant when a system is in thermodynamic equilibrium or undergoing a reversible process. The second law is sometimes known as the Law of Increased Entropy.

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The most electronegative atom is Flourine and the least is Hydrogen

The attached image indicates how the highly electronegative Fluorine atom takes away most of the electron density (red-to-blue colored cloud) from a hydrogen–fluoride covalent bond.

An electronegative atom is an atom that has a tendency to attract electrons towards itself when it is part of a chemical bond. The most common example is the oxygen atom. The ability of an atom to attract electrons is known as its electronegativity.

The higher the electronegativity of an atom, the more it will pull electrons towards itself. The electronegativity of an atom is determined by its atomic number and the number of electrons in its outermost shell.

Therefore, the correct answer is as given above

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The specific heat capacity of the metal is 35.34 J/g/°C, if the specific heat capacity of the water is 4.18 J/g/°C.

Volume of water = 200 ml

Density of water = 1 gm/ml

So the mass of the water in coffee cup, m₁ = 200×1 = 200 gm

Initial temperature of water, T₁ = 22.1°C

Specific heat capacity of water, S₁ = 4.18 J/g/°C

Mass of the metal, m₂ = 5.1 gm

Initial temperature of the metal, T₂ = 48.6°C

Final combined temperature of both, T = 26.8°C

Let the specific heat capacity of the metal = S₂

Heat gain by the water = heat loss in the metal

S₁ × m₁ × (T-T₁) = S₂ × m₂ × (T₂-T)

4.18 × 200 × (26.8-22.1) = S₂ × 5.1 × (48.6-26.8)

3929.2 = S₂ × 111.18

S₂ = 3929.2/111.18

S₂ = 35.34 J/g/°C

So, the specific heat capacity of the metal is 35.34 J/g/°C.

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Soname's dearest wishes for the future are to become a successful leading lady and to continue to use her talents and passions to inspire and empower people.

She also hopes to continue to learn, grow, and make a positive impact on the world. Soname dreams of financial stability and security so that she can continue to provide for her family and be an example for her community. She wishes to continue to build a successful career in entertainment, both on and off screen, and to be an example of success for her peers.

Lastly, she wishes to use her voice and platform to advocate for social justice and to make a difference in the world. Soname has a strong desire to make a lasting impact and to leave a legacy that she can be proud of. She is determined to use her hard work and determination to make her dreams come true and to make the world a better place.

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When a hydrogen atom is part of a molecular structure, it is always a terminal atom.

On the periodic table, hydrogen belongs to the group 1 element. Consequently, a hydrogen molecule contains two valence electrons. There are two identical atoms in the H2 molecule. As a result, any atom can be regarded as a centre atom. An atom attached to a central atom is referred to as a terminal atom if it is not H. Here are two illustrations of this differentiation. Add bonding electrons to the total number of electrons. The end of hydrogen will never come. The centre will often contain the least electronegative element. Since hydrogen can only have two electrons in its valence shell and hence can only make one bond, it can never be the centre atom.

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Phosphorus, which has the atomic number 15 and is located in period 3 and group 15 of the periodic table.

The force of 9.8 N must be applied to a 1 kg puck to make it accelerate on a friction-free air table of 9.8 m/s²​.

Force is the influence that can change the state of the body of motion or rest. The S.I. unit of measurement of force can be written as Newton and force is a vector.

Force can change the direction as well as the speed. The force can be calculated from the mass (m) & acceleration.

F = ma

Given, the mass of the puck, m = 1 Kg

The acceleration  of the puck, a = 9.8 m/s²​

The force acting on the puck can be calculated as:

F = ma = 1 × 9.8

F = 9.8 N

Therefore, the force needed to apply on a puck is equal to 9.8 N.

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Igneous rock  commonly often contains gas bubbles and the mineral(s) hornblende, muscovite, olivine, lucite, and/or plagioclase.

What are igneous rocks?

Igneous rocks are rocks that form when molten rock cools and solidifies, either below the Earth's surface or on its surface. They are the oldest type of rocks on the planet and are composed primarily of crystals. Examples of igneous rocks include basalt, gabbro, granite, obsidian, pumice, and scoria.

Igneous rocks form from cooling and crystallizing molten rock, or magma. As the magma cools, minerals crystallize out of the molten material, forming the igneous rock. Hornblende, muscovite, olivine, lucite, and/or plagioclase are all common minerals that form as the magma cools, due to their high melting points. Gas bubbles may also form as the magma cools, creating a "vesicular" texture.

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Kinetic energy increases as mass increases

The shape of the mass vs energy graph shows a linear relationship

When we double the mass, we double the energy.

The graph shown in the image is a plot of the kinetic energy of objects on the y-axis and the mass of the objects on the x-axis.

The graph is a straight line. This shows that there is a linear relationship between the two parameters - the kinetic energy and mass of objects. Thus, the kinetic energy increases as mass of objects increases, and decreases as mass of objects increases.

From the graph, when the mass of objects are doubled, there is also a double in the amount of the kinetic energy of objects.

In summary, the graph shows that:

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There would be 13.9 moles of the water.

We know that we could be able to use the Avogadro's number so as to determine the number of the molecules. this would stem from the postulation that one  mole of the substances would in it about 6.02 * 10^23 molecules of the water.

We would now be able to say based on the information that have been passed above in the question;

1 mole of water would contain 6.02 * 10^23 molecules of the water

x moles of water would contain 8.37 x 10^24 molecules

x = 8.37 x 10^24 molecules * 1/6.02 * 10^23

x = 13.9 moles

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Travelling from left to right through a period of such a periodic table reduces the size of both atom.

Traveling from left to right inside a period of such periodic table causes the size of the atom to shrink. The number of protons and the positive nuclear energy both rise with such an increasing in the atomic number. The diameter of the atom shrinks as the nucleus draws the outermost electron.

Since they are eager to give up electrons and form cations, the substances on the left column of the periodic table possess low ionization energies.

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An empirical formula is a type of chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of elements present in a compound, rather than the total number of atoms.

What are Atoms?

Atoms are the smallest indivisible particles that make up all matter in the universe. They consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons. Atoms make up all elements, which are the building blocks for all other forms of matter.

Step 1: Calculate the atomic mass of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Carbon: 12.011 g/mol

Hydrogen: 1.008 g/mol

Oxygen: 15.999 g/mol

Nitrogen: 14.007 g/mol

Step 2: Convert the mass of each element to moles.

Carbon: 83.884 g / 12.011 g/mol = 6.983 mol

Hydrogen: 10.486 g / 1.008 g/mol = 10.381 mol

Oxygen: 18.640 g / 15.999 g/mol = 1.164 mol

Nitrogen: (200.00 g - (83.884 g + 10.486 g + 18.640 g)) / 14.007 g/mol = 6.871 mol

Step 3: Divide each mole value by the smallest mole value to obtain the simplest whole number ratio.

Carbon: 6.983 mol / 6.983 mol = 1

Hydrogen: 10.381 mol / 6.983 mol = 1.485

Oxygen: 1.164 mol / 6.983 mol = 0.167

Nitrogen: 6.871 mol / 6.983 mol = 0.985

The empirical formula of the compound is CHNO.

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The volume of the copper is equal to  4cm³.

The density of the substance can be described as the substance's mass per unit of its volume. The symbol commonly used to express density is ρ and the D letter can also be used.

The mathematical formula of the density can be expressed as written below:

Density = Mass/Volume or ρ = m/V

The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. There is a small variation for solids as well as liquids but much larger for gases. Increasing the pressure of material decreases the volume of material and thus increases its density.

Given the mass of the copper = 35.2 g

The density of the copper at  20°C, d = 8.80 g/cm³

The volume of the copper, V = mass/density = 35.2/8.80 = 4 cm³

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The pressure acting here is 3.32 atm. Then the volume of copper can be determined using ideal gas law. The volume is 3.9 L.

Ideal gas equation is a combination of   Boyle's law, Charle's law and Avogadro's law. The expression relating pressure, volume,   temperature and number of moles of a gas is written as:

PV = nRT.

It can be rearranged as PM = dRT.

where d is the density and M be the mass.

Atomic mass of copper = 63.5 g/mol

density = 8.80 g/cm³

T = 20° C or 293 K.

Then pressure p =  dRT/M

p = 8.80 g/cm³ × 0.082× 293 /63.5 = 3.32 atm

Now the weight of copper = 35.2 g

number of moles of Cu = 35.2/63.5 = 0.5 g.

Then, v = nRT/P

v = 0.5 × 0.082 × 293 /3.32 = 3.9 cm³.

Therefore, the volume of copper is 3.9 L.

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Yes carbon dioxide and oxygen are inversely related to each other.

Bohr effect is a result of the effect of carbon dioxide has on hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. Bohr's effect describes the hemoglobin's lower affinity for oxygen secondary to increases in the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide and decreases the pH of blood. This lower affinity, in turn, enhances the unloading of oxygen into the tissues to meet the oxygen demand of the tissue.

Thus, the relationship between CO₂ and hemoglobin affinity for oxygen can be described as an inverse relationship meaning when one goes one way, and the other goes the other way.

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False. A polypeptide will have a negative net charge at ph=0.

A peptide is a small, chemically bound chain of amino acids, usually between two and fifty amino acids (called peptide bonds). A polypeptide is a longer (51 or more amino acids) chain of connected amino acids. One or more polypeptides are used to create the proteins that are produced inside of cells.

Polypeptides. Proteins are created by joining several amino acids together to form polypeptides. The coupling of two or so more polypeptides results in the formation of proteins, after which they are folded into the appropriate shape.

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Answer:

White color

Explanation:

This compound when heated losses its water of crystallization and become anhydrous copper sulphate

"A boy sits in a chair and the floor pushes the boy" is not an action-reaction pair according to Newton's third law of motion.

According to Newton's third law of motion, every action which occurs in nature has an equal as well as opposite reaction. If a particular object Z happens to exert a force on another object Y then the object Y will also exert an equal as well as opposite force on object Z.
For example, when an oar pushes the water, the water also pushes the oar; when a dog wags its tail, the tail also wags the dog and when a missile pushes gas out, the gas also pushes the missile forward. All these instances involve an action-reaction pair.

Hence, option d. "a boy sits in a chair, and the floor pushes the boy" is the correct option.

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Answer:

Mg + Hso4 - Mgso4 + H

24g of magnesium- 120g of Mgso4

Xg. - 6g of Mgso4

Cross multiply

120x - 144

x = 144/120

x= 1.2g

If a food service employee has to check the temperature of cold potato salad, she should do so at multiple places throughout the salad

If the dish is maintained between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit, potato salad can be consumed around two hours after cooking. A nice approach to keep salad fresh for a long time is to refrigerate it at 40 F. Before reaching 140 F, the hot salad can be reheated.

Addition than potatoes, the salad ingredients may contain other ingredients with varying rates of cooling. Therefore, it is necessary to take temperature readings of the potato salad at various locations.

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The complete question is-

A food worker needs to measure the temperature of cold-held potato salad where should she check the temperature

A. On the surface of the salad

B. Along the side of the salad dish

C. In multiple places throughout the salad

D. On the temperature gauge of the holding equipment

Ribose is an important sugar with a molar mass of 150.15 g/mol and an empirical formula of CH₂O . Its molecular formula is C₅H₁₀O₅

A molecular formula  is defined as the exact number of different atoms present in the molecule of a compound. On the other hand, an empirical formula is defined as the simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms present in a molecule of a compound.

Given here,

molar mass of ribose sugar = 150.15 g/mol

empirical formula = CH₂O

To find: molecular formula

empirical formula mass of ribose sugar

=  (12+ 1×2+ 16) g/mol

= 30 g/mol

molar mass/ empirical formula mass

= 150.15 gmol⁻¹ / 30  gmol⁻¹

=5.005

≈5

we know that

molecular formula

= molar mass/ empirical formula mass  × empirical formula

=5 ×CH₂O

= C₅H₁₀O₅

Thus, the molecular formula is C₅H₁₀O₅

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There is no movement of heat. The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

Thermodynamics is the study of energy and its transformations. It examines the relationships between heat, work, and other forms of energy. The fundamental laws of thermodynamics provide a framework for studying the behavior of systems, whether they are physical, chemical, or biological in nature. Thermodynamics helps us understand the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids and how they interact with each other. It also provides us with a way to analyze how energy is transferred and used in various processes.

In other words, no heat transfer takes place between two systems that are in thermal equilibrium.

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A chloride of rhenium contains 63.6% rhenium.  the formula of this compound  is Re2Cl3.

The chemical trirhenium nonachloride has the formula ReCl3, which is occasionally also written as Re3Cl9. It is a hygroscopic solid that is dark red in color and insoluble in common solvents. The substance is significant in the development of inorganic chemistry since it was the first cluster compound to have metal-metal links. [1] It serves as the raw ingredient for the production of various rhenium complexes. Rhenium is an atomic number 75 chemical element with the symbol Re. It is a heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table that is silvery-gray in color. Rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, with an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb).

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The relationship between the enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) of a reaction that is never spontaneous is -ΔH, +ΔS option - B is correct answer.

When a reaction occurs spontaneously, the system doesn't require any additional energy input because the change in free energy is negative.

When the enthalpy change is negative and the entropy change is positive, the reaction is always spontaneous.

The free energy change is always positive and the reaction is never spontaneous if the reaction is endothermic (H positive) and the entropy change S is negative (less disorder).

Although a spontaneous reaction may result in an increase or decrease in entropy or enthalpy, it will always result in a decrease in free energy, which is a negative G.

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The chemical equation for this reaction is best written as: Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → NaCl (s) + Heat

Reaction is a process in which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. It is a chemical or physical change that occurs in response to a stimulus. Reactions can be used to create new materials or to break down existing materials into simpler components. They can also be used to generate energy or to store energy. Reactions can be either spontaneous or non-spontaneous, depending on the conditions in which they occur.

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Whenever we need to find the purity of a combination of two metals, which is known as an alloy, we use the simple formula where we find the weight of the main compound in the numerator and the weight of the total alloy In the denominator. Multiplying this by hundred gives us the purity of the metal. This is extensively used to calculate the purity of silver and gold.

Answer:

The gases produced escaped to the atmosphere.

A quality of matter that is unrelated to a change in its chemical makeup is called a physical property. Density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity.

A quality of matter that is unrelated to a change in its chemical makeup is called a physical property. Density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points and electrical conductivity are a few common examples of physical qualities.

A substance with a given mass and a certain volume in space is referred to as matter. Examples of matters are pens, pencils, toothbrushes, water, and milk, as well as vehicles like cars, buses, and bicycles. Therefore, the matter is divided into two categories: living and non-living.

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Physical properties are characteristics of matter that are independent of changes in its chemical composition. Electrical conductivity, hardness, melt and boiling points, and density.

Physical properties are characteristics of matter that are independent of changes in its chemical composition. Physical characteristics include things like density, color, durability, melting , boiling temperatures, and electrical conductivity, to name a few.

Matter is defined as a material having a certain mass and spatial volume. Pencils, pencils, toothbrushes, water, milk, as well as automobiles, buses, and bicycles, are examples of matters. 

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The Ideal Gas Law states that the volume of a gas is proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.

Pressure is a force that is applied to an object over an area. It is measured in units of force per unit area, such as Pascals (Pa). Pressure can be applied in a number of ways, such as by squeezing, pushing, or compressing. It can also be caused by the weight of an object, or the force of gravity. Pressure can be used to do work, such as moving an object or creating heat.

This means that if we double the temperature, we will double the volume. Therefore, if the temperature of the gas sample is raised from 200 K to 600 K, the volume of the gas sample will increase from 6.00 L to 12.00 L.

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