How much faster than normal extinction have humans caused extinction rates to climb?

Answers

Answer 1

atleast 1,000 times or more.


Related Questions

Which view does this passage support 

Answers

This passage support reserves of fat serve no purpose in the human body.

How does the body keep energy in reserve?Your muscles and liver really contain energy that is easily accessible as glycogen. This is referred to as carbohydrate energy. Glycogen is transformed into glucose for usage by the muscle cells when carbohydrate energy is required. Protein is a different fuel source for the body, however it is seldom a substantial fuel source.Triglycerides, the primary form of fat humans body, are particularly well adapted for energy storage since they contain more than double the amount of energy as proteins or carbs. Triglycerides are digested during digestion and then transported to cells via the circulation.

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Calculate the broad-sense heritability (H2 ) of plant height in this species. (Two decimal places (example: 0.12).)

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The broad-sense heritability of plant height in this species is -0.20.

The broad-sense heritability (H2) of a trait is a measure of the proportion of the total phenotypic variation that is due to genetic variation. It can be calculated using the following formula:

H2 = (Vg ÷ Vp)

Where Vg is the genetic variance and Vp is the total phenotypic variance.

To calculate the broad-sense heritability of plant height in this species, we will first need to calculate the mean and variance for each strain:

Strain Mean (cm) Variance (cm²)

P1 30.0 3.6

P2 58.0 4.5

F1 44.0 5.7

F2 46.1 10.4

Next, we will use the means and variances of the inbred strains (P1 and P2) and their progeny (F1 and F2) to calculate the genetic and total phenotypic variances.

Vg = (1/2) × (Vp1 + Vp2 - Vf1 - Vf2)

Vp = (Vp1 + Vp2 + Vf1 + Vf2) ÷ 4

Vg = (1/2) × (3.6 + 4.5 - 5.7 - 10.4) = -1.3

Vp = (3.6 + 4.5 + 5.7 + 10.4) ÷ 4 = 6.4

Finally, we can use these values to calculate the broad-sense heritability:

H2 = (Vg ÷ Vp) = -0.2

The broad-sense heritability of plant height in this species is -0.20.But, negative heritability values are not possible in reality.

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The complete question is-

Calculate the broad-sense heritability (H2 ) of plant height in this species. (Two decimal places (example: 0.12).)The mean and variance of plant height of two highly inbred strains (P1 and P2) and their progeny (F1 and F2) are shown here. Variance Strain P1 Mean (cm) 30.0 3.6 58.0 4.5 P2 F1 44.0 5.7 F2 46.1 10.4.

which of the following nutrients is digested only after it reaches the small intestine?

Answers

Fat is the nutrient which is digested only after it reaches the small intestine.

The stomach is where fat digestion starts.

The stomach has the ability to directly absorb some of the remnants of fat breakdown.

The pancreas and gallbladder release chemicals to continue the breakdown of the fat after it reaches the small intestine.

Fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, glycerol and fatty acids are the end products of fat digestion.

As enzymes break down the fats in the small intestine, bile emulsifies them. In order to prepare for absorption across the intestinal wall, emulsification process inside the duodenum alongside hydrolysis and micellization.

The fats are taken up by intestinal cells. Fats are transported through the lymphatic system by long-chain fatty acids, which into a giant lipoprotein structure called a chylomicron.

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A. What are 2 regions where jellyfish populations have increased?

B. What are 3 regions where jellyfish populations have decreased

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Jellyfish populations are highly unpredictable and can fluctuate drastically over time.

a. Two regions where jellyfish populations have increased are the Mediterranean Sea and the North East Pacific Ocean.

b. The Black Sea and The Gulf of Mexico are 3 regions where jellyfish populations have decreased.

What is a Jellyfish?

A jellyfish is a type of invertebrate marine animal belonging to the class Scyphozoa. They have a gelatinous bell-shaped body and long, trailing tentacles, and are usually found in shallow, tropical, and temperate waters of the ocean. Jellyfish use their tentacles to capture prey and sometimes deliver a painful sting.

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what is the purpose of cellular respiration ​

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Answer: The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce energy for use in the metabolism of organisms. Cellular respiration is used to generate usable ATP energy in order to support many other reactions in the body. ATP is particularly important for energetically unfavorable reactions that would otherwise not occur without an energy input.

Explanation: Hope this was helpful

Suppose that phenotypic variation in the tail length of mice is summarized in the table below. Additive genetic variance (VA) 0.5
Dominance genetic variance (Vo) 0.5
Genetic interaction variance (Vi) 0.3
Environmental variance (VE 0.4 Genetic-environmental interaction variance (VGE) 0.0 What is the narrow-sense heritability (h') of tail length? What is the broad-sense heritability (H) of tail length?

Answers

The narrow-sense heritability of tail length is 55.56% and the broad-sense heritability of tail length is 76%.

The narrow-sense heritability (h') of a trait is a measure of the proportion of the total phenotypic variance that is due to additive genetic factors. It is calculated as:

h' = VA / (VA + VE)

The broad-sense heritability (H) of a trait is a measure of the proportion of the total phenotypic variance that is due to all genetic factors (additive, dominance, and interaction). It is calculated as:

H = (VA + Vo + Vi) / (VA + Vo + Vi + VE + VGE)

Given the data provided:

h' = 0.5 / (0.5 + 0.4)

   = 0.5556 or 55.56%

H = (0.5 + 0.5 + 0.3) / (0.5 + 0.5 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.0)

   = 1.3 / 1.7

   = 0.76 or 76%

So, the narrow-sense heritability of tail length is 55.56% and the broad-sense heritability of tail length is 76%

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In physical map the distance was measured by

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The map provides a direct description of the chromosomal DNA molecule because the distances are measured in nucleotides. On physical maps, the separation between landmarks along a chromosome is specified.

What do you understand by a physical map?

In the context of genomics, a physical map is a graphic representation of the actual positions of landmarks or markers (such as genes, variations, and other interesting DNA sequences) on a chromosome.

The genetic distance along the chromosomes is measured in centimorgans, often known as genetic map units (mu) [94]. In molecular biology, the physical map method is employed to determine the physical arrangement and separation of DNA base pairs using DNA markers.

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In rho-dependent transcription termination, the rho factor binds to ___________.
a. RNA
b. DNA (near the end of the transcribed region)
c. RNA polymerase core enzyme
d. sigma subunit

Answers

C is correct in this case

Research has found that declines in the dopaminergic system are related to declines in memory and tasks.

Answers

Yes, It is proven by multiple researches that declines in the dopaminergic system are related to declines in memory and tasks.

According to studies (Wang et al., 1998; Bäckman et al., 2000; Mozley et al., 2001; Erixon-Lindroth et al., 2005), healthy ageing is accompanied by noticeable decreases in a number of brain dopamine system components. Individual variations in dopamine have a significant impact on executive functions, particularly cognitive flexibility, even in healthy young people (Cools et al., 2008; Stelzel et al., 2010; Samanez-Larkin et al., 2013). Dopamine is therefore a key target for research into the neurochemical causes of variation in executive function in young people and may be a major factor in the development of significant individual differences in cognitive ageing. However, because to the difficulties in determining endogenous dopamine function, these interactions are seldom directly investigated in humans.

In the current investigation, the ability to synthesise dopamine was assessed using the PET tracer 6-[18F]fluoro-l-m-tyrosine (FMT), and its associations with ageing, cognitive flexibility, and frontoparietal activation during a task switching fMRI study were investigated. Task switching, an experimental paradigm demanding quick behavioural adaptation to shifting task requirements, is a well-known indicator of cognitive flexibility that is responsive to dopamine levels in the brain (e.g., Samanez-Larkin et al., 2013). For a review, see Klanker et al. (2013). Previous task switching studies have implicated the dorsal striatum, and more specifically the dorsal caudate nucleus (DCA), which receives abundant dopaminergic input and is highly connected to the cortex via established cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops (Alexander et al., 1986).

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Yes, some studies have shown that a decline in the dopaminergic system is associated with poorer memory and work performance.

For example, dopamine function declines throughout life, and this decline correlates with age-related cognitive impairment.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that promotes feelings of pleasure and reward and supports memory, attention, and more. As we age, an enzyme called monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) becomes more active, breaking down dopamine and lowering levels.

Low dopamine levels are associated with Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, and depression. Low dopamine levels can make you feel tired, cranky, unmotivated, and many other symptoms.There are treatments for many symptoms associated with low dopamine levels.

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would you rather do what pleases you or what intrigues you

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Answer: both

Explanation: PASIKTAN

I would say that doing what intrigues me is more appealing as it offers a chance for growth and learning, leading to a constant improvement of myself.

Intrigue is defined as a feeling of curiosity or interest in something. It sparks a desire to know more and to understand something that is not fully known. On the other hand, pleasing oneself refers to fulfilling personal desires or wants.

While both options can lead to temporary satisfaction, doing what intrigues me would provide a more long-lasting sense of fulfillment and purpose, as it involves constantly expanding one's knowledge and abilities. It also has the potential to lead to new and unexpected discoveries and developments, whereas doing what pleases one may become monotonous over time.

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"Inherited genetic variations are caused by genetics only. They are caused by crossing over
and assortment in the development of sex cells in meiosis. The random joining of sex cells can
also be a source of genetic variation. Mutations also cause variations in genetic sequences.
Mutations are always harmful." Is this a true or false statement, explain why?

Answers

This  given statement about "Inherited genetic variations" is mostly false.

What are the true statement about Inherited genetic variations?It is true that inherited genetic variations are caused by genetics only, specifically the process of meiosis, crossing over and assortment in the development of sex cells, and the random joining of sex cells can also be a source of genetic variation.However, mutations do not always cause harmful variations in genetic sequences. Mutations can be beneficial, neutral or harmful, depending on the context. For example, some mutations can lead to genetic diseases, but others may confer resistance to certain diseases, or result in a beneficial trait such as increased immunity.Moreover, even if a mutation is harmful, it does not mean it will always be harmful. The effects of a mutation can be influenced by other genetic factors and environmental factors, that can affect the phenotype.Therefore, while it is true that inherited genetic variations are caused by genetics only and mutations can cause variations in genetic sequences, the assertion that all mutations are harmful is not accurate.

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4 different se There is an error in the DNA in which segmentgments of ADN a molecule are represented below

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Only segment 3. Adenine is incorrectly paired with Cytosine in segment 3. In DNA, Adenine should be paired with Tyrosine, and Cytosine with Guanine.

What is DNA replication?

The process by which the genome's DNA is copied in cells is known as DNA replication. Before dividing, a cell must copy (or replicate) its entire genome so that each resulting daughter cell has its own complete genome.

They consist of 4 steps; Replication fork formation, Primer Binding, Elongation and Termination. DNA replication occurs in eukaryotic cells' nuclei and in prokaryotic cells' nucleoid region.

The correct question is:

Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below.

There is an error in the DNA in which molecule?

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At a nearby lake, a couple of scientists want to approximately how many fish live in the lake. The scientists will use the Mark and Recapture Sampling method to estimate the size of the population.

First the scientists capture 35 fish in their nets. They Mark these fish with a tag, and release them back into the lake.
The scientists return the next day and Capture 30 more fish. 5 of these fish are the marked Recaptured fish from the previous day.

Use the Mark and Recapture equation to estimate the number of fish in the lake total.

Answers

Answer:

The Mark and Recapture equation used to estimate the number of fish in the lake is:

N = (C1 x C2) / R

Where:

N = estimated population size

C1 = number of fish captured in the first sample

C2 = number of fish captured in the second sample

R = number of fish recaptured in the second sample

Given the information provided, we can plug in the numbers:

N = (35 x 30) / 5

N = (1050) / 5

N = 210

So the estimated population size of fish in the lake is 210.

Explain the steps to making recombinant DNA (include details like how to determine which restriction enzyme works best, how many times to cut the human DNA, how many times to cut the plasmid, and which piece gets inserted into other) (6 pts). Provide at least 2 examples of how recombinant DNA is used (4 pts).

Pls help me <3 tysm

Answers

The steps to making recombinant DNA include the use of a restriction enzyme such as EcoRI to cut DNA, then ligation by a ligase and growth in a suitable cell medium, which requires at least two cuts in DNA. Two examples of how recombinant DNA is used may be during the generation of human insulin and also prostaglandins.

What are recombinant DNA molecules?

Recombinant DNA molecules are specific sequences created in the lab in order to produce a given protein such as insulin by using recombinant bacteria.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that recombinant DNA molecules are generated to produce proteins.

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FILL IN THE BLANK Clostridium difficile is a common and serious infectious agent that causes severe intestinal distress. When cells of C. difficile are Gram-stained, they appear as Gram-
_________ rods, which are
_________ in color and belong to the phylum of bacteria known as ____________.

Answers

Gram Positive , Appears as purple rods. Which are in purple color and belong to phylum of bacteria know as Firmicutes.

A member of the phylum Firmicutes , Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligatory anaerobe. Both naturally occurring toxin-producing (toxicgenic) and non-toxicgenic strains can colonise their hosts, including both humans and non-human species, but only toxicgenic strains are linked to disease.

It is also possible for Clostridioidum difficile to establish itself in the human colon without causing illness. Early estimates suggested that 2-5% of adults have C. difficile, but more recent research shows that colonisation is strongly linked to a history of other diarrhea diseases, like food poisoning or laxative misuse. It would seem odd that those who have never experienced digestive issues would develop into asymptomatic carriers. These carriers are considered to be a significant source of infection.

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When cells of C. difficile are Gram-stained, they appear as Gram-positive, shown as purple rods. These are purple and belong to a strain of bacteria known as Firmicutes.

Clostridium difficile, a member of the Firmicutes phylum, is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe. Both naturally occurring toxigenic (virulent) and non-virulent strains can colonize hosts, including both human and non-human species, but only virulent strains are involved in disease.

It is possible for Clostridioidum difficile to colonize the human colon without causing disease. Initial estimates suggest that 2-5% of adults carry C. difficile, but recent studies strongly associate colonization with a history of other diarrheal diseases, such as food poisoning and laxative abuse. is shown. It seems strange that someone who has never experienced digestive problems could become an asymptomatic carrier. These carriers are considered a significant source of infection.

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HELP!!!!!!! LIMITED TIME!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
A chemist observes that a large molecule reacts as if it were much
smaller. The chemist proposes that the molecule is folded in a way
that causes it to react differently than expected and develops a
series of experiments to test that proposition. How would the
chemist's proposition be classified?

Select one:
testable question
theory
scientific law
hypothesis

Answers

Answer:

The chemist's proposition would be classified as a hypothesis.

Explanation:

The chemist's proposition, that the large molecule is folded in a way that causes it to react differently than expected, is a proposal, idea or explanation, that may not be proven yet, but it is something that can be tested using a series of experiments. That is what makes it a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an explanation that is put forward to explain certain facts, it can be tested through experimentation and observation. If the series of experiments confirms the hypothesis, then it would be considered more likely to be true. But hypothesis are open for change, for being rejected or being accepted, based on the results of the experiment. A scientific law is a statement that describes a phenomenon that has been consistently observed and is accepted as true, usually based on numerous experiments and observations. A theory, on the other hand, is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation.

Which of the following choices is an example of an acquired trait?
a human is born with brown eyes
a dog’s ears are bandaged so that they stand upright and her tail is docked short
a horse is born with a light-colored mane
a cat is born with black and white fur

Answers

Answer:

both

Explanation:

u both acquire it from ur parents

part of ur family members can have brown eyes

dogs father may have a damaged hair

a horse u should know

ans a cat when ur mom is black and ur dad is white

hope this was helpful

Which of the following statements about the metabolism of ethanol (which is present in alcoholic beverages) is incorrect? a) Individuals who produce non-functioning aldehyde dehydrogenase exhibit "fastflushing." b) The process requires two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and isopropyl dehydrogenase. c) Individuals who are "fast-flushers" are less likely to become alcoholics.
d) Aspirin interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase. e) All of the above are correct.

Answers

The statement that is incorrect about the metabolism of ethanol is b. The process requires two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.

The metabolism of ethanol in the body involves a series of steps that are primarily carried out by two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH converts ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is then converted to acetate by ALDH.

"Fast flushing" is a phenomenon that occurs in some individuals who produce a non-functioning form of the ALDH enzyme. This means that the acetaldehyde produced by ADH is not converted to acetate and instead accumulates in the body. This accumulation causes physical symptoms of "flushing," such as redness and warmth of the skin, as well as an increased heart rate and nausea. Individuals who are "fast-flushers" are less likely to become alcoholics due to the unpleasant physical symptoms associated with alcohol consumption. Aspirin interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase which can also cause flushing.

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Daniela works for a supplement company that has a new formula aimed at helping regenerate cartilage growth in animal’s joints. Her company believes that this new formula could be a huge help to horses, dogs, and cats experiencing degeneration of the joints. Daniela applies for a license from a government agency. She submits the name of the new formula, as well as the proposed use. Which question would the government agency MOST likely ask Daniela before considering a license for the product?

A.
How much will each dose cost?

B.
What plant is the formula derived from?

C.
How many customers have asked for this formula?

D.
What will the formula be used for?

Answers

D. What will the formula be used for?

Before considering a license for the product, the government agency would most likely ask about the intended use of the formula, because it would want to know how the formula will be used and whether the proposed use is in line with the agency's regulations and guidelines. Understanding the purpose of the product and its use is key for the agency to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the formula.
B. I searched it up but dont trust me

What is a gorilla? not from a zoo... and not from the wild...

Answers

A gorilla is a large primate species that is native to the forests of central and eastern Africa. Gorillas are typically found in the wild and are known for their intelligence and complex social behavior. They are herbivorous animals and live in groups known as troops, led by a dominant male known as a silverback. Gorillas are considered to be critically endangered species, with their populations declining due to habitat loss, poaching, and disease. There are two species of gorillas: the Western Gorilla and the Eastern Gorilla, each with two subspecies.

Answer:

Image result for What is a gorilla? not from a zoo... and not from the wild...

There are two species of gorillas in the world- the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla. However, they both contain two subspecies. The eastern gorilla species consists of the Mountain gorilla and the Eastern Lowland gorilla.

Explanation:

can someone represent a ecosystem to me and tell me at least 4 organisms in it?

Answers

Representations of the  ecosystems is oftentimes put forth as a goal- of conservationists plannings.

What is ecosystem?

An ecosystem is a geographic areas where the  plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscapes, work togethers to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotics or living, parts, as well as abiotic of the  factors, or non-living parts. Biotic factors included the plants, animals, and other organisms.

There are differentions of the  organisms, including many type of  -producers, consumer's, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, parasites,scavengers, predators, and at the last  decomposers.
Species interactions within ecologically webs included four main types of two-way interactions: mutualisms, communallism, competition, and predation (which included herbivory  and parasitism).

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In your body, when energy is released from the breakdown of a molecule such as glucose: a) adenosine monophosphate is created. b) adenosine diphosphate is created. c) some of the energy may be harnessed by building the unstable high-energy bonds that attach phosphate groups to ADP molecules. d) molecules of ATP are required to capture and absorb the heat generated by the reaction. e) all of the energy is lost as heat.

Answers

In our body, when energy is released from the breakdown of a molecule such as glucose then c) some of the energy may be harnessed by building the unstable high-energy bonds that attach phosphate groups to ADP molecules.

What is adenosine triphosphate or ATP?

Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is a high energy molecule that is considered the energy coin of the cell generated by metabolism.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that adenosine triphosphate or ATP is a high energy molecule that is generated during metabolic reactions to carry out cell processes.

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Which of the following is the best description of images A and B?

A:alleles
B: Genes

A: genes
B: alleles

A: chromosomes
B: Chromatin

A: Chromatin
B: Chromosomes ​

Answers

The best way to describe images A and B is through genes and alleles, that's one of the following.

What is the gene called?

A part of genes is DNA. Certain genetics act as instructions to produce proteins. Tragically, a large quantity of genes would not produce proteins. A designer baby can just have a few million base pairs to about two million bases.

What makes it a gene?

However, it wasn't until Wilhelm Johannsen proposed calling the Mendelian variables of heredity genes that the name began to catch on. The suggested term was derived from that Greek word "genos," and means "birth." The term gave rise to others like genome.

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According to the passage what can we conclude about cleavage 

Answers

A cleavage view, also known as a "valley view," is a mammography image that shows the posteromedial region of both breasts (the "valley" between the two breasts) by placing both breasts on the cassette simultaneously and dragging them anteriorly.

What is the ideal cleavage?The orientation of the cleavage (cubic, prismatic, or basal) and the ease with which it is created are used to describe it. Smooth, glossy surfaces can be easily produced by a perfect cleavage. Other classifications include distinct, flawed, and difficult.A cleavage view, also known as a "valley view," is a mammography image that shows the posteromedial region of both breasts (the "valley" between the two breasts) by placing both breasts on the cassette simultaneously and dragging them anteriorly.The area between a woman's breasts—particularly the top portion that is visible when she is wearing a garment with a low neck—is known as her cleavage. A cleavage is a difference or dispute between two items or individuals.                    

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HELP!!! LIMITED TIME!!!!!!!!
Which of these statements applies to a scientific hypothesis but not
to a scientific theory?

Select one:

A. It has been proven to be true by experiments.

B. It consists of tentative statements that can be tested.

C. It is supported by a number of independent observations.

D. It explains a wide range of observations and results.

Answers

Answer:

It consists of tentative statements that can be tested.

Explanation:

Prove the Flood as written in Genesis through the use of scientific evidence - example, rock formations.

Answers

The basic tenet of the flood geology idea is that all the fossils were buried during the biblical flood of Noah, which occurred thousands of years ago, within a year.

What is Flood geology?The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) maintains that God uses miracles very sparingly; after He finished using a few miracles to get the Flood going, He let it operate in accordance with natural laws to produce the geological features that are now visible in the earth's crust. This theory acknowledges every miracle that is specifically mentioned in the Biblical Flood story. Insofar as this portion of their flood geology hypothesis is naturalistic, it qualifies as a scientific theory deserving of a scientific analysis because it aims to explain the structure of the rocks in the crust.Following is how the Biblical Flood is explained by the ICR Flood Geology Theory: Before the Flood, the planet was a tropical paradise due to a "canopy" of water vapor in the upper atmosphere that produced a greenhouse effect. The plains were lower and more expansive than they are now, and the oceans were shallower. There was no wind, no rain, only a mist that moistened the soil every day since the greenhouse effect kept temperatures uniformly high around the planet. The earth contained enormous subsurface water reservoirs.

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Which organic molecule supplies a two-carbon group to start the citric acid cycle? a. ATP b. NADH c. acetyl CoA d. oxaloacetate e. both a and b

Answers

Acetyl CoA is the organic molecule that supplies a two-carbon group to start the citric acid cycle.

The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), also known as the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, is the cell's primary source of energy and is an important part of aerobic respiration. This cycle harnesses the available chemical energy of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to the reducing power of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).

The product of glycolysis, pyruvate, is converted to acetyl-CoA in mitochondria for the next step. During the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is modified in mitochondria to generate an energy precursor in preparation for the next step.

Acetyl-CoA, the major carbon input to the citric acid cycle, may originate from glucose or fatty acids. However, most of the acetyl-CoA is derived from glucose, more specifically pyruvate. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) facilitates the enzymatic conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.

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Hi would like some help asap

Answers

Answer:

Out of all the structures in the picture, the mRNA is structure II.

Explanation:

Polypeptide TranslationTranslation is the process of decoding messenger RNA (mRNA) and utilizing its information to construct a polypeptide, or amino acid chain. A polypeptide or protein is comprised of many amino acids.Answer Breakdown Structure II is the mRNA. The mRNA is used as the framework for the translation process which is located in the small ribosomal subunit. Every three bases on the mRNA are a codon and match up with the three base anticodons on the tRNA.Structure I is the anticodon. The anticodons are specific and encode for each amino acid. The tRNAs are then able to pick up the amino acid because of the corresponding anticodon. Structure IV is the tRNA. The tRNA is responsible for the transfer of the amino acid to the mRNA in the ribosome. Once the tRNA makes the attachment of the anticodon to the codon, a new tRNA enters. Structure V is an amino acid. When the new tRNA enters, the previous tRNA exits and discharges its amino acid. Structure III is a polypeptide chain or protein. A polypeptide chain is a group of several amino acids. This occurs when the amino acids accumulate via polypeptide elongation. In each ribosome is an EPA site:The tRNA attaches to the codon on the mRNA via its anticodon at the A site.The tRNA adds the amino acid to the existing chain or initiates the chain at the P site. The tRNA exits the ribosome at the E site. A new tRNA then comes in and the process is repeated.

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Four of the five organelles listed below are part of the endomembrane system. Select the exception. a. smooth ER b. rough ER c. Golgi bodies d. vesicles

Answers

The endomembrane system includes four of the five organelles described below. The mitochondria are the exception.

What are the four endomembrane system cell organelles?

The nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes are only a few examples of the many compartments or organelles that the endomembrane system divides the cell into.

What are the endomembrane system's five parts?

Nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vesicles, ER, and Golgi apparatus, in the addition to the plasma membrane, are all parts of the endomembrane system. The proteins and the lipids that make up the membranes are modified, packaged, labeled, and then transported by these cellular components.

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question:-

Four of the five organelles listed below are part of the endomembrane system. Select the exception. a. smooth ER b. rough ER c. Golgi bodies d. vesicles e. mitochondria.

How is the PCR product separated from the PCR mixture at the completion of the reaction? A. Perform electrophoresis in an agarose gel, stain the gel and cut the band corresponding to the PCR product from the gel. B. Pour the PCR mixture into a commercially prepared DNA microconcentrator column and follow the manufacturer's directions to adhere and elute the PCR product from the column. C. Both of the above procedures may be used. D. Neither of the above procedures may be used.

Answers

The two suggested processes such as gel electrophoresis and micro concentrator column are applied. Therefore, choice C is right.

A specific piece of DNA can be quickly produced (amplified) in millions or billions of copies using the polymerase chain reaction, or PCR. It uses visual approaches based on size and charge to detect and identify gene sequences. The products of PCR are nothing but billion and millions of copies of target DNA or gene.

These genes are visualized by two techniques. One technique is agarose gel electrophoresis and another technique is the use of a micro concentrator column.

In agarose gel electrophoresis, the DNA samples are prepared and poured into the well. Then, they are separated based on size and charge using an electric field. Negatively charged DNA strands run toward the positive electrode and the smaller fragments run faster. In the micro concentrator column, the PCR products are poured according to the manual description and purified.

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