how many sigma and pi bonds are in 2-butyne (ch3c≡cch3)?

Answers

Answer 1

In 2-butyne (CH3C≡CCH3), there are a total of 3 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds. Sigma bonds are formed by head-on overlap of atomic orbitals, while pi bonds are formed by side-by-side overlap of atomic orbitals.

The carbon-carbon triple bond in 2-butyne consists of one sigma bond and two pi bonds. This is because the triple bond consists of two parallel p orbitals that overlap sideways to form two pi bonds, and a sigma bond is formed between the carbon atoms by overlap of sp hybrid orbitals.

Each carbon atom in the triple bond is also bonded to two other atoms (hydrogen atoms in this case) through sigma bonds, which brings the total number of sigma bonds to 3.

In summary, 2-butyne has one sigma bond and two pi bonds in its carbon-carbon triple bond, and two sigma bonds in each carbon-hydrogen bond, giving a total of 3 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds.

For more question on atomic orbitals

https://brainly.com/question/11457131

#SPJ11

Answer 2

In 2-butyne (CH3C≡CCH3), there are a total of 9 bonds. Among these, there are 3 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds. The sigma bonds are between the carbon atoms and their respective hydrogen atoms, while the pi bonds are between the two carbon atoms in the triple bond.

Learn more about atoms click here

https://brainly.com/question/1566330

#SPJ11


Related Questions

determine the number of electron groups around the central atom for each of the following molecules. part a ch2cl2

Answers

Therefore, there are 4 electron groups around the central atom (Carbon) in CH2Cl2.

Regions of electron density surrounding an atom in a molecule or ion are referred to as "electron groups" in chemistry. They can be both bound electron pairs and lone electron pairs. Understanding electron groups is crucial for comprehending bond angles, molecular geometry, and the general form of a molecule.

For molecule CH2Cl2, the central atom is Carbon (C). To determine the number of electron groups around the central atom, follow these steps:

1. Determine the number of bonds the central atom forms with other atoms. Carbon (C) forms 2 bonds with Hydrogen (H) and 2 bonds with Chlorine (Cl).

2. Count each bond as one electron group.

In CH2Cl2, the central atom (C) has:

- 2 bonds with Hydrogen atoms (2 electron groups)

- 2 bonds with Chlorine atoms (2 electron groups)

Therefore, there are 4 electron groups around the central atom (Carbon) in CH2Cl2.

Learn more about electron groups here:

https://brainly.com/question/31961790

#SPJ11

Calculate the mass of 3.62 x10^24 molecules of glucose

Answers

To calculate mass of 3.62 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] molecules of glucose, we first need to determine molar mass of glucose. Glucose has chemical formula C6H12O6, Mass of 3.62 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] molecules of glucose is approximately 108.61 g.

The atomic masses of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are 12.01 g/mol, 1.01 g/mol, and 16.00 g/mol, respectively. Therefore, the molar mass of glucose can be calculated as follows:

Molar mass of glucose = (6 x atomic mass of carbon) + (12 x atomic mass of hydrogen) + (6 x atomic mass of oxygen)

= (6 x 12.01 g/mol) + (12 x 1.01 g/mol) + (6 x 16.00 g/mol)

= 180.18 g/mol

Therefore, the molar mass of glucose is 180.18 g/mol. This means that one mole of glucose contains 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules of glucose and has a mass of 180.18 g.

To calculate the mass of 3.62 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex]molecules of glucose, we can use the following formula: mass = (number of molecules) x (molar mass) / (Avogadro's number) where Avogadro's number is 6.022 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex]molecules/mol.

Substituting the given values into the formula, we get: mass = (3.62 x 10^24 molecules) x (180.18 g/mol) / (6.022 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] molecules/mol) = 108.61 g Therefore, the mass of 3.62 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] molecules of glucose is approximately 108.61 g.

Know more about molar mass  here:

https://brainly.com/question/22997914

#SPJ11

when 5.22 g of no2 was reacted with excess water, 3.57 g of hno3 was obtained. what was the percent yield? 3 no2(g) h2o(l) ® 2 hno3(aq) no(g)

Answers

The percent yield of HNO3 in the reaction is 75.32%.

To calculate the percent yield, you first need to determine the theoretical yield of HNO3 and then compare it to the actual yield (3.57 g).

1. Calculate the moles of NO2:
Molar mass of NO2 = 14.01 (N) + 2 * 16.00 (O) = 46.01 g/mol
Moles of NO2 = mass / molar mass = 5.22 g / 46.01 g/mol = 0.113 mol NO2

2. Use the balanced equation to determine the moles of HNO3 produced:
3 moles of NO2 produce 2 moles of HNO3, so:
Moles of HNO3 = (2/3) * 0.113 mol NO2 = 0.0753 mol HNO3

3. Calculate the theoretical yield of HNO3:
Molar mass of HNO3 = 1.01 (H) + 14.01 (N) + 3 * 16.00 (O) = 63.01 g/mol
Theoretical yield = moles * molar mass = 0.0753 mol * 63.01 g/mol = 4.74 g HNO3

4. Calculate the percent yield:
Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100 = (3.57 g / 4.74 g) * 100 = 75.32%

The percent yield of HNO3 in the reaction is 75.32%.

To learn more about moles, refer below:

https://brainly.com/question/31597231

#SPJ11

what are the products of the following reaction? sr(oh)2 + 2 hno3 →

Answers

The products of the reaction between strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) and nitric acid (HNO3) are strontium nitrate (Sr(NO3)2) and water (H2O). This can be seen by examining the reactants and balancing the equation:

Sr(OH)2 + 2 HNO3 → Sr(NO3)2 + 2 H2O

In this equation, there are two molecules of nitric acid reacting with one molecule of strontium hydroxide. The reaction between these compounds results in the formation of one molecule of strontium nitrate and two molecules of water.
In chemical reactions, it is important to identify the products that are formed. This information can be used to determine the efficiency of the reaction, as well as to predict the outcomes of other chemical reactions. By understanding the products of a reaction, scientists and engineers can design new compounds and processes that are safer, more efficient, and more environmentally friendly.

Overall, the products of the reaction between strontium hydroxide and nitric acid are strontium nitrate and water, as represented by the balanced chemical equation.

To know more about strontium nitrate visit:

https://brainly.com/question/22881954

#SPJ11

what is the value of the equilibrium constant k for a reaction for which !:!.go is equal to 5.20 kj·moj-1 at 50 °c?

Answers

The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 6.9.

Temperature at which the reaction is held, T = 50°C = 323 K

The Gibb's free energy of the reaction, ΔG₀ = 5.2 kJ/mol

When a thermodynamic system is in thermal equilibrium, or chemical equilibrium, it is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium. The values of a system's intense parameters, such as pressure, temperature, etc., determines the local state of the system at thermodynamic equilibrium.

The expression for the Gibb's free energy is given by,

ΔG₀ = -RT lnK

lnK = -ΔG₀/RT

lnK = 5.2 x 10³/(8.314 x 323)

lnK = 5.2 x 10³/2685.4

lnK = 1.93

Therefore, the equilibrium constant of the reaction,

K = e⁻(1.93)

K = 6.9

To learn more about equilibrium constant, click:

https://brainly.com/question/29694148

#SPJ1

The standard reduction potentials are as follows:
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- -> Mn2+ + 4H2O E° = 1.51 V
Cr2O72- +14H+ + 6e- -> 2 Cr3+ +7H2O E° = 1.33 V
which species is oxidized?

Answers

Neither MnO₄⁻ nor Cr₂O7₂⁻, in their respective equations that have reduction potentials as 1.51V and 1.33V respectively, are being oxidized.

In order to determine which species is being oxidized, we must first understand the concept of reduction potentials.

Reduction potential is a measure of the tendency of a species to gain electrons and undergo reduction. The higher the reduction potential of a species, the more likely it is to gain electrons and undergo reduction. Conversely, the lower the reduction potential of a species, the more likely it is to lose electrons and undergo oxidation.

In the given equations, both MnO₄⁻ and Cr₂O7₂⁻ are undergoing reduction, meaning they are gaining electrons. The MnO₄⁻ is gaining 5 electrons and being reduced to Mn²⁺ with a reduction potential of 1.51 V. The Cr₂O7₂⁻ is gaining 6 electrons and being reduced to 2 Cr³⁺ with a reduction potential of 1.33 V. Therefore, neither MnO₄⁻ nor Cr₂O7₂⁻ is being oxidized.

In fact, the species being oxidized are not even present in the given equations. In order for a redox reaction to occur, there must be both a species that is undergoing reduction (gaining electrons) and a species that is undergoing oxidation (losing electrons).

However, in this case, only the reduction half-reactions are given. The oxidation half-reactions, which involve the species losing electrons, are not given.

Therefore, based on the given equations, the species being oxidized cannot be determined. We can only determine which species are undergoing reduction and the associated reduction potentials.

To know more about Reduction potential, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/23881200#

#SPJ11

select the correct answer. consider this reaction mechanism: step 1: icl h2 hi hcl step 2: icl hi hcl i2. what is hcl in this reaction? a. catalyst b. intermediate c. reactant d. product

Answers

Answer: The correct answer is:

c. reactant

Explanation:

In the given reaction mechanism:

Step 1: ICl + H2 → HI + HCl

Step 2: ICl + HI + HCl → I2

HCl is a reactant in this reaction, so the correct answer is:

c. reactant

A substitution reaction is a type of chemical reaction where an atom or a functional group in a molecule is replaced by another atom or functional group. It involves the exchange of one component for another within a molecule. Substitution reactions can occur in various types of compounds, including organic and inorganic substances.

To learn more about Substitution Reaction from the given link

https://brainly.in/question/2800505

#SPJ4

The correct answer is:

c. reactant

In the given reaction mechanism:

Step 1: ICl + H2 → HI + HCl

Step 2: ICl + HI + HCl → I2

HCl is a reactant in this reaction, so the correct answer is:

c. reactant

A substitution reaction is a type of chemical reaction where an atom or a functional group in a molecule is replaced by another atom or functional group. It involves the exchange of one component for another within a molecule. Substitution reactions can occur in various types of compounds, including organic and inorganic substances.

To learn more about Substitution Reaction from the given link

https://brainly.in/question/2800505

#SPJ4

CH4(g)+H2O(g)+heat→CO(g)+3H2(g)
The reaction shown above occurs in a sealed container. Which of the following actions would shift the equilibrium of the system above to the right?
A) Add H2O(g) to the system
B) Add H2(g) to the system
C) Add a catalyst to the system
D) Decrease the volume of the system

Answers

The action that would shift the equilibrium of the system to the right is; Adding H₂O(g) to the system or decreasing the volume of the system. Option A and D is correct.

The reaction shown is an example of a synthesis reaction, in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product. According to Le Chatelier's principle, if system at equilibrium will be subjected to a change in temperature, pressure, or concentration, of the system will shift to counteract the change and reestablish equilibrium.

Adding H₂O(g) to the system; According to Le Chatelier's principle, adding a reactant to a system at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium to the right to consume the added reactant. In this case, adding H2O(g) would shift the equilibrium to the right and increase the yield of products.

Adding H₂(g) to the system; Adding a product to a system at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium to the left to consume the added product. In this case, adding H₂(g) would shift the equilibrium to the left and decrease the yield of products.

Adding a catalyst to the system; A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction, but it does not affect the position of the equilibrium. Adding a catalyst to the system would not shift the equilibrium to the right or the left.

Decreasing the volume of the system; According to Le Chatelier's principle, decreasing the volume of a system at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium to the side with fewer moles of gas to counteract the change in pressure. In this case, the number of moles of gas decreases from 2 to 4, so decreasing the volume would shift the equilibrium to the right and increase the yield of products.

Hence, A. D. is the correct option.

To know more about Le Chatelier's principle here

https://brainly.com/question/2001993

#SPJ4

what is the percent yield when 1.72 g of h2o2 decomposes and produces 375 ml of o2 gas measured at 42 oc and 1.52 atm? the molar mass of h2o2 is 34.02 g∙mol–1. 2h2o2(aq)2h2o(l) o2(g)

Answers

The percent yield of the reaction is 59.9%. When 1.72 g of H₂O₂ decomposes and produces 375 ml of O₂ gas measured at 42 oc and 1.52 atm

To calculate the percent yield of the reaction, we need to first determine the theoretical yield of oxygen gas that should have been produced based on the amount of hydrogen peroxide that decomposed.

From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 2 moles of hydrogen peroxide (HO₂) produces 1 mole of oxygen gas (O₂).

2 H₂O₂ (aq) → 2 H₂O(l) + O₂(g)

First, we need to calculate the moles of hydrogen peroxide that decomposed;

1.72 g / 34.02 g/mol = 0.0505 mol H₂O₂

Since 2 moles of H₂O₂  produces 1 mole of O₂, we can calculate the theoretical yield of O2;

0.0505 mol H₂O₂  × (1 mol O₂ / 2 mol H₂O₂ )

= 0.0253 mol O₂

Next, we need to calculate the actual yield of O₂. We are given that 375 mL of O₂ gas was produced at 42 °C and 1.52 atm. We use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of O₂;

PV = nRT

where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is ideal gas constant (0.08206 L atm/mol K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, we convert the volume to liters and the pressure to atmospheres;

375 mL × (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.375 L

1.52 atm

Next, we convert the temperature to Kelvin;

42 °C + 273 = 315 K

Now we can plug in the values and solve for the number of moles of O₂;

n = (1.52 atm)(0.375 L) / (0.08206 L atm/mol K)(315 K) = 0.0152 mol O₂

Finally, we can calculate the percent yield;

Percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) × 100%

Percent yield = (0.0152 mol / 0.0253 mol) × 100%

= 59.9%

Therefore, the percent yield of the reaction will be 59.9%.

To know more about percent yield here

https://brainly.com/question/2506978

#SPJ4

Correlate the microscale procedures needed to accomplish the given steps (1-5) to isolate pure isopentyl acetate (banana oil) from the reaction mixture. (Not all of the steps on the left are required.)
1. This deprotonates unreacted acetic acid, making a water soluble salt.
2 This ensures that the evolution of carbon dioxide gas is complete.
3 This removes byproducts
4 This removes water from the product.
5 This separates the sodiunm sulfate from the ester.
A. Granular anhydrous sodium sulfate is added to the aqueous layer. B. The lower aqueous layer is removed using a Pasteur pipette and discarded. C. The lower aqueous layer is removed using a Pasteur pipette and the organic layer discarded D. The organic layer is dried over granular anhydrous sodium sulfate. E. The dry ester is decanted using a Pasteur pipette to a clean conical vial. F. The sodium sulfate is removed by gravity filtration.
G. The mixture is stirred, capped and gently shaken, with frequent venting H. Aqueous sodium bicarbonate is added to the reaction mixture.

Answers

To isolate pure isopentyl acetate from the reaction mixture, the following microscale procedures can be correlated to the given steps: 1. To deprotonate unreacted acetic acid and make a water-soluble salt, aqueous sodium bicarbonate can be added to the reaction mixture.

2. To ensure the evolution of carbon dioxide gas is complete, the mixture can be stirred, capped and gently shaken, with frequent venting.

3. To remove byproducts, the lower aqueous layer can be removed using a Pasteur pipette and discarded.

4. To remove water from the product, granular anhydrous sodium sulfate can be added to the organic layer. The organic layer can then be dried over the sodium sulfate and decanted using a Pasteur pipette to a clean conical vial.

5. To separate the sodium sulfate from the ester, the mixture can be filtered using gravity filtration to remove the sodium sulfate.

the microscale procedures needed to accomplish the given steps to isolate pure isopentyl acetate (banana oil) from the reaction mixture. Here are the correlations:

1. This deprotonates unreacted acetic acid, making a water-soluble salt. - H. Aqueous sodium bicarbonate is added to the reaction mixture.

2. This ensures that the evolution of carbon dioxide gas is complete. - G. The mixture is stirred, capped, and gently shaken, with frequent venting.

3. This removes byproducts. - B. The lower aqueous layer is removed using a Pasteur pipette and discarded.

4. This removes water from the product. - D. The organic layer is dried over granular anhydrous sodium sulfate.

5. This separates the sodium sulfate from the ester. - F. The sodium sulfate is removed by gravity filtration.

To know more about Isopentyl acetate visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29978390

#SPJ11

Why a measured cell potential may be higher than the theoretical cell potential?

Answers

There are several reasons why a measured cell potential may be higher than the theoretical cell potential:

Concentration effects: The theoretical cell potential is calculated based on standard conditions, which assume that the concentrations of the reactants and products are 1 M and that the temperature is 25°C.

In real-world situations, the concentrations of the reactants and products can deviate from 1 M, which can lead to a change in the cell potential.

If the concentration of one of the reactants increases, the cell potential can shift in a direction that favors the production of the other reactant.

Impurities: If the reactants or the electrolyte contain impurities, these impurities can interfere with the electrochemical reaction and affect the cell potential.

For example, if there are other substances present that can react with one of the reactants, this can lead to a change in the cell potential.

Non-ideal behavior: The theoretical cell potential assumes that the behavior of the reactants and products is ideal, meaning that there are no interactions between the particles that deviate from what is expected based on their chemical properties.

In reality, the behavior of the reactants and products can deviate from ideal behavior, which can affect the cell potential.

Measurement errors: Finally, it is possible that errors can occur during the measurement of the cell potential, which can result in a higher measured value than the theoretical value.

For example, the electrodes may not be placed correctly, the voltmeter may not be calibrated correctly, or there may be electrical noise that interferes with the measurement.

In summary, there are several factors that can cause a measured cell potential to be higher than the theoretical cell potential, including concentration effects, impurities, non-ideal behavior, and measurement errors.

To know more about cell potential refer here

https://brainly.com/question/1313684#

#SPJ11

what precautions should you take when working up the distillate with na2co3? check all that apply.

Answers

The precautions to be taken when working up the distillate with Na₂CO₃ include a) wearing protective gloves and goggles, b) adding Na₂CO₃ slowly and with stirring to avoid splashing, c) using a fume hood or working in a well-ventilated area, e) monitoring the reaction mixture for any signs of gas evolution or foaming, f) and neutralizing any excess Na₂CO₃ with an acid, such as HCl or H₂SO₄, before disposal.

When working up a distillate with Na₂CO₃, it is important to take proper precautions to ensure safety and proper disposal of waste materials. Wearing protective gloves and goggles is necessary to prevent contact with the skin and eyes, as Na₂CO₃ can be corrosive.

Adding Na₂CO₃ slowly and with stirring helps to prevent splashing and potential injury. Using a fume hood or working in a well-ventilated area is necessary to prevent inhalation of any harmful fumes produced during the reaction.

Monitoring the reaction mixture for any signs of gas evolution or foaming is important to ensure that the reaction is proceeding as expected and that there are no hazards present.

Neutralizing any excess Na₂CO₃ with an acid, such as HCl or H₂SO₄, before disposal is necessary to ensure that the waste is properly neutralized and does not pose a hazard.

Disposal of Na₂CO₃ in the regular trash bin is not recommended as it is considered hazardous waste and should be disposed of properly.

To know more about distillate refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/31829990#

#SPJ11

Complete Question:

What precautions should you take when working up the distillate with Na₂CO₃? Check all that apply:

a) Wear protective gloves and goggles.

b) Add Na₂CO₃ slowly and with stirring to avoid splashing.

c) Use a fume hood or work in a well-ventilated area.

d) Dispose of Na₂CO₃ in the regular trash bin.

e) Monitor the reaction mixture for any signs of gas evolution or foaming.

f) Neutralize any excess Na₂CO₃ with an acid, such as HCl or H₂SO₄, before disposal.

Please select all the correct options from the above

A particular gas exerts a pressure of 3.38 bar. What is this pressure in units of atmospheres? (1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa = 1.013 bar)Select one:a. 3.42 atmb. 2.54 × 103 atmc. 3.38 atmd. 2.6 × 103 atme. 3.33 atm

Answers

This pressure in units of atmospheres is 3.33. The answer is e.


The pressure of a gas can be expressed in different units such as atmospheres, millimeters of mercury, kilopascals, and bars.

To convert the pressure from one unit to another, we need to use conversion factors.

In this problem, we are given the pressure of a gas in bar and we are asked to convert it to atmospheres. The conversion factor between bar and atm is 1 atm = 1.013 bar.

So, to convert from bar to atm, we need to divide the pressure in bar by 1.013.

Therefore, the pressure of the gas in units of atmospheres is:

3.38 bar ÷ 1.013 = 3.33 atm (rounded to two significant figures)

The correct answer is (e) 3.33 atm.

To know more about pressure, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/28793525#

#SPJ11

A. Given the values of ΔH∘rxn, ΔS∘rxn, and T below, determine ΔSuniv.Part 1ΔH∘rxn= 84 kJ , ΔSrxn= 144 J/K , T= 303 KExpress your answer using two significant figures.

Answers

The answer using two significant figures is ΔSuniv = -130.08 J/K.

To find ΔSuniv, we need to first find ΔG∘rxn, which is the change in Gibbs free energy. We can do this using the equation:

ΔG∘rxn = ΔH∘rxn - TΔS∘rxn

We are given the values of ΔH∘rxn, ΔS∘rxn, and T:

ΔH∘rxn = 84 kJ = 84000 J (convert kJ to J)
ΔS∘rxn = 144 J/K
T = 303 K

Now we can plug these values into the equation:

ΔG∘rxn = 84000 J - (303 K)(144 J/K)

ΔG∘rxn = 84000 J - 43632 J

ΔG∘rxn = 40368 J

Now that we have the value of ΔG∘rxn, we can find ΔSuniv using the equation:

ΔSuniv = (-ΔG∘rxn) / T

Plugging in the values:

ΔSuniv = (-40368 J) / (303 K)

ΔSuniv = -133.08 J/K

Since we need to express the answer using two significant figures, the final value of ΔSuniv will be:

ΔSuniv = -130 J/K

For more questions on Gibbs free energy:

https://brainly.com/question/14415025

#SPJ11

The calculation of ΔSuniv requires the use of the equation ΔSuniv = ΔSsys + ΔSsurr, where ΔSsys is the change in entropy of the system, and ΔSsurr is the change in entropy of the surroundings.

To determine ΔSuniv, we need to convert ΔH∘rxn from kJ to J, which gives ΔH∘rxn = 84000 J. Then, we can plug in the values for ΔH∘rxn, ΔSrxn, and T into the equation:

ΔSuniv = ΔSsys + ΔSsurr = ΔSrxn - ΔH∘rxn/T

ΔSuniv = (144 J/K) - (84000 J)/(303 K) = -87 J/K

The negative value for ΔSuniv indicates that the process is not spontaneous under the given conditions. This means that the reaction is not favorable at the given temperature and that the system requires an external input of energy to occur.

Learn more about ΔSuniv here:

https://brainly.com/question/29422947

#SPJ11

Look at the image of the dodder plant wrapping around another plant. How would you describe parasitism?

Answers

Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms, where one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of the other organism (host).

In the context of the image you mentioned, the dodder plant wrapping around another plant, we can observe an example of parasitism. The dodder plant is a parasitic plant that lacks the ability to produce its own food through photosynthesis. Instead, it attaches itself to other plants, like the one shown in the image, and extracts nutrients and water from the host plant.

The dodder plant forms specialized structures called haustoria, which penetrate the host plant's tissues to access its vascular system. In this parasitic relationship, the host plant is harmed as it experiences reduced access to essential resources, stunted growth, and weakened overall health. Meanwhile, the dodder plant benefits by obtaining the necessary nutrients and water from the host, enabling its own growth and survival.

Overall, parasitism is characterized by a one-sided relationship in which the parasite benefits while the host is negatively impacted. It is an example of exploitation and a form of symbiosis that demonstrates the diverse strategies organisms employ to survive and thrive.

Learn more about Parasitism here

https://brainly.com/question/30669005

#SPJ11

Maleic acid is a diprotic acid with ionization constants a1=1. 20×10−2 and a2=5. 37×10−7. Calculate the pH of a 0. 296 M potassium hydrogen maleate ( KHM ) solution

Answers

The pH of a 0.296 M potassium hydrogen maleate (KHM) solution is 2.34. This calculation is based on the ionization constants of maleic acid (a diprotic acid) and the concentration of the KHM solution.

The pH of a solution is a measure of its acidity or basicity, and is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution. To calculate the pH of a KHM solution, we first need to consider the ionization of maleic acid.

Maleic acid is a diprotic acid, which means it can donate two hydrogen ions to a solution. The first ionization constant (a1) of maleic acid is 1.20x10^-2, which means that it partially ionizes in water to release H+. The second ionization constant (a2) is much smaller, at 5.37x10^-7, meaning it only partially ionizes a  second time.

The KHM solution contains maleic acid, as well as its potassium salt, so we need to consider both species when calculating the pH. Using the ionization constants and concentration of KHM, we can calculate the concentration of H+ in the solution and convert it to pH.

The final pH value of 2.34 indicates that the KHM solution is acidic, with a relatively high concentration of H+.

Learn more about acidic here.

https://brainly.com/questions/29796621

#SPJ11

The active ingredient in milk of magnesia is Mg(OH)2. Complete and balance the following equation. Mg(OH)2 + _____

Answers

The active ingredient in milk of magnesia is Mg(OH)₂. Complete and balance the following equation: Mg(OH)₂ + 2 HCl → MgCl₂ + 2 H₂O.

To balance the equation, we need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. We can start by counting the number of atoms of each element in the reactants and products:

Reactants: Mg(OH)₂ + HCl

Products: MgCl₂ + H₂O

Mg: 1 Mg in reactants, 1 Mg in products (balanced)

O: 2 O in reactants, 2 O in products (balanced)

H: 4 H in reactants, 2 H in products (not balanced)

Cl: 1 Cl in reactants, 2 Cl in products (not balanced)

To balance the equation, we can add a coefficient of 2 in front of HCl to balance the hydrogen atoms, and a coefficient of 1 in front of MgCl₂ to balance the chlorine atoms:

Mg(OH)₂ + 2 HCl → MgCl₂ + 2 H₂O

Now the equation is balanced, with 2 atoms of Mg, 4 atoms of O, 6 atoms of H, and 2 atoms of Cl on both sides.

To know more about milk of magnesia, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/1619275#

#SPJ11

how much longer will it take one mole of neon to effuse than one mole of helium?

Answers

One mole of neon will take about 2.26 times longer to effuse than one mole of helium. The effusion rate is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass.

Since neon has a molar mass of 20.18 g/mol and helium has a molar mass of 4.00 g/mol, the square root of the ratio of their molar masses is about 2.26.

Therefore, one mole of neon will take about 2.26 times longer to effuse than one mole of helium.

This is because effusion is a process in which gas molecules escape from a container through a small hole, and the rate at which the molecules effuse depends on their molar mass.

Since neon is heavier than helium, its molecules effuse more slowly, resulting in a longer effusion time.

To know more about effusion, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/31076977#

#SPJ11

how many grams of cu are obtained by passing a current of 12 a through a solution of cuso4 for 15 minutes? (molar mass of cu is 63.55 g/mol)

Answers

Passing a current of 12 A through a solution of CuSO4 for 15 minutes will produce 7.14 grams of copper.

To determine the amount of copper (Cu) obtained by passing a current of 12 A through a solution of CuSO4 for 15 minutes, we need to use Faraday's laws of electrolysis.

Faraday's first law states that the amount of substance produced at an electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the cell. The proportionality constant is known as the Faraday constant (F) and is equal to 96,485 coulombs per mole of electrons.

To calculate the amount of Cu produced, we need to first calculate the total charge that passes through the solution using the following equation:

Q = I × t

where Q is the total charge in coulombs, I is the current in amperes, and t is the time in seconds.

Converting the time of 15 minutes to seconds, we get:

t = 15 × 60 = 900 s

Substituting the given values, we get:

Q = 12 A × 900 s = 10,800 C

The number of moles of electrons transferred during this process can be calculated using the following equation:

n = Q / F

where n is the number of moles of electrons and F is the Faraday constant. Substituting the given values, we get:

n = 10,800 C / 96,485 C/mol = 0.112 mol

Since the reaction between CuSO4 and electrons from the electrode produces one mole of Cu per mole of electrons, the amount of Cu produced can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles of electrons by the molar mass of Cu:

mass of Cu = n × molar mass of Cu

mass of Cu = 0.112 mol × 63.55 g/mol

mass of Cu = 7.14 g

For more such questions on solution visit:

https://brainly.com/question/25326161

#SPJ11

An unknown substance has a mass of 21.7 g. The temperature of the substance increases from 27.3 °C to 44.1 C when 85.7 J of heat is added to the substance. What is the most likely identity of the substance? The table lists the specific heats of select substances Substance Specific Heat (Jlgc) O copper O silver O aluminum O iron O water O lead 0.128 lead iwer 0.235 copper iron aluminum 0.903 0.385 0.449 water4.184

Answers

The most likely identity of the unknown substance is silver.

To identify the substance, we need to determine its specific heat capacity using the provided information:

The formula to calculate specific heat capacity (c) is:

q = mcΔT

where q is the heat added (85.7 J), m is the mass (21.7 g), and ΔT is the change in temperature (44.1 °C - 27.3 °C = 16.8 °C).

Rearranging the formula for c:

c = q / (mΔT)

Plugging in the given values:

c = 85.7 J / (21.7 g × 16.8 °C) ≈ 0.231 J/g°C

Now, comparing the calculated specific heat capacity with the given substances:

- Copper: 0.385 J/g°C
- Silver: 0.235 J/g°C
- Aluminum: 0.903 J/g°C
- Iron: 0.449 J/g°C
- Water: 4.184 J/g°C
- Lead: 0.128 J/g°C

The substance with the closest specific heat capacity to our calculated value (0.231 J/g°C) is silver, with a specific heat of 0.235 J/g°C. Therefore, the most likely identity of the unknown substance is silver.

To learn more about silver, refer below:

https://brainly.com/question/6434391

#SPJ11

The calorimeter used in this experiment has no lid. Is this a potential source of error in this experiment? Explain how this could affect your determination of the specific heat. Be specific. Would the value of cm be high or low? Why?

Answers

The calorimeter used in this experiment having no lid is indeed a potential source of error. The absence of a lid can affect your determination of specific heat in several ways.



Firstly, without a lid, heat can escape from the calorimeter more easily, leading to heat loss to the surrounding environment.

This heat loss can result in an inaccurate measurement of the temperature change within the calorimeter, affecting the calculation of specific heat. Due to the heat loss,

the measured temperature change will be smaller than the actual temperature change, causing the calculated value of specific heat (c) to be higher than the true value.



Secondly, the lack of a lid allows for the possibility of external factors, such as air currents, to influence the temperature inside the calorimeter.

This can also result in an inaccurate measurement of the temperature change and, consequently, an erroneous determination of specific heat.



Additionally, without a lid, there is a higher chance of evaporation or condensation occurring, leading to changes in the mass of the substances inside the calorimeter.

This change in mass can affect the accuracy of the calculated specific heat.



In conclusion, the absence of a lid on the calorimeter can introduce errors into the experiment, leading to an overestimation of the specific heat value.

To minimize these potential errors, it is recommended to use a calorimeter with a lid to ensure accurate measurements and results.

To know more about calorimeter refer here

https://brainly.com/question/4802333#

#SPJ11

fe cuso4⟶cu feso4 how many moles of cuso4 are required to react with 2.0 mol fe?

Answers

Fe + CuSO₄ → Cu + FeSO₄,  2.0 moles of CuSO₄ to react with 2.0 moles of Fe. This conclusion is based on the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, which allows us to determine the mole-to-mole ratio between the reactants.

The balanced chemical equation is:

Fe + CuSO₄ → Cu + FeSO₄

From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between Fe and CuSO₄ is 1:1. This means that for every 1 mole of Fe, we need 1 mole of CuSO₄ to react completely.

Given that you have 2.0 moles of Fe, we can deduce that you would require an equal number of moles of CuSO₄ for complete reaction.  2.0 moles of CuSO₄ to react with 2.0 moles of Fe. This conclusion is based on the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, which allows us to determine the mole-to-mole ratio between the reactants. In this case, the ratio is 1:1 for Fe and CuSO₄. This means that if you double the amount of Fe, you also need to double the amount of CuSO₄ to maintain the proper ratio for a complete reaction. Thus, 2.0 moles of CuSO₄ would be required to react with 2.0 moles of Fe in order to achieve complete conversion based on the stoichiometry of the equation.

Learn more about stoichiometric ratio here:

https://brainly.com/question/28297916

#SPJ11

a reactiom that typically occurs spontaneosuly is not happening due to the kinetic energy amongst the reactants being too low. which change would mosy likey lead to this reaction occuring

Answers

To make a reaction that typically occurs spontaneously happen despite the low kinetic energy among the reactants, increasing the temperature would be the most likely change to facilitate the reaction.

In many chemical reactions, an increase in temperature leads to an increase in the kinetic energy of the reactant particles. According to the collision theory, higher kinetic energy results in more frequent and energetic collisions between particles, increasing the chances of successful collisions and therefore the likelihood of a reaction occurring. By increasing the temperature, the reactant particles gain kinetic energy, enabling them to overcome the activation energy barrier and proceed with the reaction. The activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur. When the kinetic energy of the reactants is low, it may not be sufficient to surpass the activation energy, thus impeding the reaction. However, raising the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of the reactant particles, allowing them to surpass the activation energy and initiate the reaction. Therefore, increasing the temperature is an effective way to enhance the kinetic energy of the reactants and promote the occurrence of a spontaneous reaction.

learn more about collision theory here:

https://brainly.com/question/24110608

#SPJ11

3. Calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) has the solubility product Ksp 2.07x10-33. For the study of a calcium dependent enzyme, a biochemist is considering to prepare a 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5, which is also 10 mM with respect to CaCl2. Is it possible to prepare such a buffer ? Reason your answer by a calculation

Answers

The low concentration of phosphate that would form due to the precipitation of calcium phosphate makes it impossible to prepare a 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5 which is also 10 mM with respect to [tex]CaCl_2[/tex].

To determine whether it is possible to prepare a 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5, which is also 10 mM with respect to [tex]CaCl_2[/tex], we need to calculate the concentration of [tex]Ca_3(PO_4)_2[/tex] that will form in the solution.

Firstly, let's consider the dissociation of [tex]Ca_3(PO_4)_2[/tex] in water:

[tex]$\mathrm{Ca_3(PO_4)_2(s) \rightleftharpoons 3 Ca^{2+}(aq) + 2 PO_4^{3-}(aq)}$[/tex]

The solubility product expression for [tex]Ca_3(PO_4)_2[/tex] is:

[tex]$K_{sp} = [\mathrm{Ca^{2+}}]^3 [\mathrm{PO_4^{3-}}]^2$[/tex]

where Ksp [tex]= 2.07 \times 10^{-33[/tex]

We can assume that the concentration of [tex]Ca_2^+[/tex] is 10 mM, so:

[tex]$K_{sp} = (10\ \mathrm{mM})^3 [\mathrm{PO_4^{3-}}]^2$[/tex]

Solving for [[tex]$\mathrm{PO_4^{3-}}$[/tex]], we get:

[tex]$[\mathrm{PO_4^{3-}}] = \sqrt{\frac{K_{sp}}{(10\ \mathrm{mM})^6}} = 2.6\times 10^{-14}\ \mathrm{M}$[/tex]

This concentration of phosphate is much lower than the desired concentration of 0.1 M for the buffer. Therefore, it is not possible to prepare a 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5 that is also 10 mM with respect to [tex]CaCl_2[/tex], as the addition of [tex]CaCl_2[/tex] will cause precipitation of calcium phosphate due to its low solubility product constant. The biochemist may need to consider alternative buffer systems or find a way to avoid the formation of calcium phosphate in experimental conditions.

To learn more about phosphate

https://brainly.com/question/16411744

#SPJ4

give the major product for the following reaction ch3ch2o ch3ch2ch2br hcl h2o heat

Answers

The major product for the given reaction is a mixture of two alcohol are propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) and ethanol (CH3CH2OH).

The given reaction involves an ether (CH3CH2O) reacting with 1-bromopropane (CH3CH2CH2Br) in the presence of HCl and H2O under heat. The product of this reaction is 1-ethoxypropane (CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH3), which is an ether formed by the substitution of the bromine atom of 1-bromopropane with the ethoxy group (-OCH2CH3) from the ether. This is the major product of the reaction.
the major product will be formed through a nucleophilic substitution reaction followed by an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.
1. Nucleophilic substitution: CH3CH2O- (ethoxide ion) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the CH3CH2CH2Br (1-bromopropane) molecule, replacing the bromine atom.
CH3CH2O- + CH3CH2CH2Br → CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH3
2. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: The newly formed ether (CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH3) reacts with HCl and H2O under heat, breaking the ether linkage and producing two alcohol products.
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH3 + HCl + H2O (heat) → CH3CH2CH2OH + CH3CH2OH
The major product for the given reaction is a mixture of two alcohols: propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) and ethanol (CH3CH2OH).

For more such questions on propanol , Visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30086385

#SPJ11

Hi! I'd be happy to help with your question. When (CH3CH2O-) reacts with CH3CH2CH2Br in the presence of HCl and H2O under heat, a nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs, specifically an SN1 reaction. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. CH3CH2CH2Br, which is 1-bromopropane, reacts with the nucleophile (CH3CH2O-), and the bromine atom leaves as a leaving group, forming a carbocation intermediate: CH3CH2CH2(+).

2. The (CH3CH2O-) nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an ether: CH3CH2CH2-O-CH2CH3.

3. The presence of HCl and H2O under heat triggers an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction. HCl protonates the ether oxygen, making it a better-leaving group.

4. A water molecule then acts as a nucleophile, attacking the protonated ether and displacing the CH3CH2O group, forming an alcohol as the major product.

The major product of this reaction is, therefore, CH3CH2CH2OH, which is propanol.

To learn more about nucleophilic substitution reaction, click here :

brainly.com/question/29990955

#SPJ11

waht are reactions with negetie reation free enegies occur spontaneoulst and repidly false

Answers

Reactions with negative reaction free energies occur spontaneously and rapidly, the given statement is false because it is essential to understand that spontaneity and reaction rate are two different aspects of a chemical reaction.

A reaction with negative reaction free energy (also known as Gibbs free energy) indicates that the reaction is spontaneous, the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is a thermodynamic quantity that helps predict whether a reaction will occur spontaneously. If ΔG is negative, the reaction is thermodynamically favored and occurs spontaneously. However, this does not necessarily mean that the reaction will happen rapidly. The reaction rate depends on the activation energy (Ea), which is the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

A reaction with high activation energy will proceed slowly because it needs a higher input of energy to overcome the energy barrier, even if the reaction is spontaneous. Therefore, it the given statements is false, to assume that reactions with negative reaction free energies always occur rapidly. While negative reaction free energies indicate spontaneity, the reaction rate is determined by factors such as activation energy, temperature, and concentration of reactants.

To learn more about Gibbs free energy here:

https://brainly.com/question/9179942

#SPJ11

the central atom in ________ violates the octet rule. sf2 br2co sh2 o2 krf2

Answers

Out of the options given, Br2 and O2 violate the octet rule. Both molecules have an even number of electrons, which means that they cannot achieve a complete octet without breaking the rule. Br2 has a total of 14 valence electrons, and each Br atom shares one electron with the other, leaving only 6 electrons for each Br atom.

Similarly, O2 has a total of 12 valence electrons, and each O atom shares two electrons with the other, leaving only 4 electrons for each O atom. Both molecules satisfy the duet rule, but not the octet rule. The other molecules listed all follow the octet rule.


The central atom in KrF2 (krypton difluoride) violates the octet rule. In KrF2, the central atom, krypton, has more than eight electrons around it, breaking the octet rule. Krypton, a noble gas, has a full outer shell with eight electrons, but when it forms KrF2, it shares one electron with each fluorine atom, resulting in ten electrons around the central atom. The octet rule states that atoms tend to form compounds in a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, but in this case, krypton has ten electrons, violating the octet rule.

To know more about octet rule visit:

https://brainly.com/question/865531

#SPJ11

How many peaks will each of the following molecules show in its proton NMR spectrum in order from left to right? CH3 CH нс "CH3 Br CH3 3,2,2 2, 2, 3 O 2,3,2 3,2,3

Answers

The main factor that determines the number of peaks in a proton NMR spectrum is the number of unique hydrogen environments in a molecule. Each unique environment produces a separate peak in the spectrum.

For the molecule CH3CH2CH3, there are three unique hydrogen environments: the methyl group on the left, the methylene group in the middle, and the methyl group on the right. Therefore, there will be three peaks in the proton NMR spectrum.

For the molecule CH3Br, there are two unique hydrogen environments: the methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the bromine atom. Therefore, there will be two peaks in the proton NMR spectrum.

For the molecule CH3OCH3, there are three unique hydrogen environments: the methyl group on the left, the oxygen atom, and the methyl group on the right. Therefore, there will be three peaks in the proton NMR spectrum.

In summary, the number of peaks in a proton NMR spectrum depends on the number of unique hydrogen environments in a molecule.

Learn more about NMR spectrum here:

https://brainly.com/question/31379317

#SPJ11

Saved A short carbon chain carboxylic acid that is water-soluble will test acidic with pH paper. The paper indicator changes color due to: a. reaction with the carboxylate ion b. the lower hydronium ion concentration c. none of these d. the higher hydronium ion concentration

Answers

The correct answer is (d) the higher hydronium ion concentration.

When a water-soluble short carbon chain carboxylic acid dissociates in water, it releases a hydrogen ion, which increases the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution, leading to a decrease in pH. The pH paper indicator changes color in response to the higher hydronium ion concentration, indicating an acidic solution.

                             The pH paper indicator changes color in the presence of a short carbon chain carboxylic acid that is water-soluble due to d. the higher hydronium ion concentration.
                                                    When the carboxylic acid dissolves in water, it ionizes and releases a hydrogen ion (H+) which combines with a water molecule to form a hydronium ion (H3O+). The increase in hydronium ion concentration in the solution leads to a lower pH and causes the pH paper to change color accordingly.

Learn more about hydrogen ion

brainly.com/question/20309096

#SPJ11

calculate the fraction condensed and the degree of polymerization at t = 5.00 h of a polymer formed by a stepwise process with kr = 1.39 dm3 and an initial monomer concentration of 10.0 mmol dm−3

Answers

Fraction condensed = 0.990 and degree of polymerization = 98.2 at t=5.00h for a polymer formed by a stepwise process with kr = 1.39 dm3 and an initial monomer concentration of 10.0 mmol dm−3.

The fraction condensed represents the fraction of the monomer that has reacted to form the polymer at a given time. It is given by the equation:

fraction condensed = 1 - exp(-kr * [M] * t)

where kr is the rate constant, [M] is the initial monomer concentration, and t is the reaction time.

Plugging in the values given in the problem, we get:

fraction condensed = 1 - exp(-1.39 * 10.0 * 5.00) = 0.990

The degree of polymerization represents the average number of monomer units that are linked together in the polymer chain. It is given by the equation:

degree of polymerization = (fraction condensed / (1 - fraction condensed)) * (1 / [M])

Plugging in the values given in the problem and the fraction condensed calculated above, we get:

degree of polymerization = (0.990 / (1 - 0.990)) * (1 / 10.0) = 98.2

Learn more about polymerization here:

https://brainly.com/question/27354910

#SPJ11

Other Questions
if economies of scale are relatively important in an industry, the typical firm's Paul wants to start a business that provides canoe and kayak trips. He decides that it would be better to ask his brother Tad to become his partner because Which of the following works was met with the most vociferous criticism at the first Salon des Refuses?a. Manet, Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbeb. Daumier's Rue Transnonainc. Courbet's The Stone Breakersd. Ingres' Grande Odalisque the materials price standard is based on the purchasing department's best estimate of the cost of raw materials. true or false The real number(s) a for which that the vectors V = (0,1,3), V = (a,0,2), V3 = (4,1,2), v = (1.a, 4) are linearly independent is (are):(a) a 1,-4(b) a = 2(c) The vectors are linearly independent for all real numbers a.(d) a -2,4,1(e) The vectors are linearly dependent for all real numbers a which of the following is the earliest biochemical marker of myocardial infarction? Parker Associates purchased a patent in 2018 for $200,000. The patent will be amortized over 20 years. How would Parker adjust for the annual amortization for the patent on the balance sheet? Credit accumulated amortization $10,000 Credit prepaid assets $10,000 Credit patents $10,000 Credit patent amortization $10,000 when a class implements an interface, an inheritance relationship known as ________ inheritance is established. In one to two sentences, explain how seeing a picture of the interrogation room helps readers understand the experience immigrants faced at Angel Island. after brutus and cassius meet and begin to argue, brutus suggests they move their discussion to his tent. why is this wise? Which of the following best explains the social dislocations experienced by much of Europe in the nineteenth century? conditions over the course of the nineteenth century? Governments were increasingly under political pressure to relieve problems caused by industrialization. Which nonrespiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways: A) coughing. B) yawning. C) laughing. D) hiccupping. E) sneezing. Sk8 company produces skateboards & purchases 20,000 units of a wheel bearing each year at a cost of $1/unit. Sk8 requires a 15% annual rate of return on investment. In addition, the relevant carrying cost (for insurance, materials handling, breakage, etc.) is $0.17 per unit per year. Relevant ordering cost is $38.40. 1) Calculate Sk8's EOQ for the wheel bearing. 2) Calculate Sk8's annual relevant ordering costs for the EOQ calculated in requirement 1. 3) Calculate Sk8's annual relevant carrying costs for the EOQ calculated in requirement 1. 4) Assume that demand is uniform throughout the year and known with certainty so there is no need for safety stocks. The purchase-order lead time is half a month. Calculate Sk8's reorder point for the wheel bearing. 1) This keyword is used to indicate a field belongs to a class, and not an instance. A) Parameter B)Void C) Static D) Protected Monetarists believe that:a. velocity changes in a predictable way.b. aggregate supply depends on the money supply and velocity.c. the SRAS curve is horizontal.d. the SRAS curve is downward-sloping Helens honey hut supplies 20 jars of honey per week when the honey is $6 per jar and supplies 30 jars per week when the price is $8 per jar, what is the price elasticity of supply A tuna would use ________ to regulate buoyancy, whereas a shark would use ____________.A.lungs, a swim bladderB.both use a swim bladderC.a swim bladder, an oily liverD.both use oxygen in the gills to regulate buoyancy Benson, Inc., has sales of $45,530, costs of $14,550, depreciation expense of $3,350, and interest expense of $2,450. The tax rate is 25 percent.What is the operating cash flow, or OCF? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) how long are all the harry potter movies combined without credits the gap between acute care and the need for long-term support is partially addressed by this federal and state means-tested program of medical assistance for the poor, regardless of age.