To make 2.00 liters of a 0.0500 M solution of boric acid, you would need to add 61.83 grams (1 mole) of boric acid to the solution.
Chemical solutions are solutions made up of one or more chemicals that can be used for a variety of purposes. Chemical solutions can be used for industrial, medical, and environmental applications, and can be used to clean, disinfect, treat, or otherwise modify materials. Examples of chemical solutions include cleaning agents, solvents, antifreezes, acids, bases, and salts. Chemical solutions can also be used to create pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other products.
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does aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide have higher lattice energy
Magnesium oxide have higher lattice energy than aluminium oxide. Because of larger size of aluminium oxide its lattice energy is less than magnesium oxide.
Enthalpy is the term that is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, it is observed that enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.
Enthalpy can be formulated as,
q = n × ΔH
where,
q = amount of heat
n = no of moles
ΔH = enthalpy
n = w / M.M
w = given mass
M.M = molar mass
Lattice energy is also directly proportional to product of charges on ions and inversely proportional to size of the ions. Since the charges are same, the only difference is in size of cation. Al is larger in size so, it has lesser lattice energy.
Therefore, because of larger size of Al, lattice energy of aluminium oxide is lower than magnesium oxide.
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When ammonium nitrate (NH,NO,) explodes, the products are nitrogen, oxygen, & water. When 30 grams of ammonium nitrate explode, 15 grams of nitrogen and 5 grams of oxygen form. How many grams of water form?
The mass of the water that was formed is 20 g
What is the mass of the water?The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of substances in a closed system remains constant during a chemical reaction. This means that the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products.
The law of conservation of mass is a fundamental principle of chemistry and is a cornerstone of our understanding of the behavior of matter and energy in chemical reactions.
The total mass that exploded is 30 grams hence the mass of the water that was formed is;
30 - (15 + 5)
= 20 g
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What is the LD50 for sodium cyanide?
LD50, which stands for "Lethal Dose 50," is a measure of the toxic dose of a substance required to cause death in 50% of the test subjects. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) is a highly toxic chemical used in various industrial processes. It is important to understand the LD50 of sodium cyanide to ensure the safety of workers and the general public.
The LD50 of sodium cyanide varies based on the route of exposure and the species of test subject. According to the Merck Index, the oral LD50 for sodium cyanide in rats is around 50 mg/kg. This means that if a rat were to ingest 50 mg of sodium cyanide per kilogram of body weight, it would result in death for 50% of the rats. However, it is important to note that the LD50 for sodium cyanide can vary depending on the species of test subject, with the LD50 being higher for larger animals such as dogs and lower for smaller animals such as mice.
In addition to oral exposure, sodium cyanide can also be toxic through inhalation and skin contact. The inhalation LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) of sodium cyanide in rats is approximately 20 mg/m3, meaning that if a rat were to inhale air containing 20 mg of sodium cyanide per cubic meter, it would result in death for 50% of the rats. The dermal LD50 of sodium cyanide in rabbits is approximately 200 mg/kg, meaning that if 200 mg of sodium cyanide were applied to the skin of a rabbit per kilogram of body weight, it would result in death for 50% of the rabbits.
In conclusion, sodium cyanide is a highly toxic chemical that can cause death through various routes of exposure. The LD50 of sodium cyanide varies based on the route of exposure and the species of test subject, with oral exposure being the most toxic in rats. It is important to understand the LD50 of sodium cyanide to ensure the safety of workers and the general public.
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does temperature affet how high a ball bounces science project
The temperature of the ball is one element that might affect how it bounces. A ball will bounce higher than a cold one if it is warmer. This is due to two factors.
When the temperature of a hollow ball changes, the air pressure inside the ball also changes. The balls bounced higher when they were hot and lower when they were cold. The air temperature inside the ball and the rubber's elasticity were both impacted by the temperature shift, which also changed the height of the ball's bounce. The sum of a ball's material characteristics surface textures, constituent materials, air content, hardness or softness, etc. affects the height of its bounce.
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in this reaction, you observed several different cu species which had different physical attributes. select the appropriate chemical formula(s) that corresponds to a sky blue solution
The color of a solution can often give us a clue about the type of species present in it. In a chemical reaction, the observation of a sky blue solution suggests the presence of copper (Cu) species. The exact chemical formula of these species can vary, depending on the conditions of the reaction.
Copper (Cu) can exist in different oxidation states, ranging from +1 to +2. When dissolved in water, these different oxidation states of Cu can form different species, each with its unique properties. The most common Cu species present in a sky blue solution are Cu^2+ and Cu(OH)2^-.
Cu^2+ is a positively charged ion and is the result of Cu in its +2 oxidation state. This ion is highly soluble in water and has a blue color.
Cu(OH)2^- is a negatively charged ion and is formed from the reaction of Cu^2+ with hydroxide (OH-) ions in water. This species also contributes to the blue color of the solution.
In summary, the appropriate chemical formula for a sky blue solution is Cu^2+ and Cu(OH)2^-. These species are responsible for the blue color of the solution and are likely the result of copper in its +2 oxidation state reacting with hydroxide ions in water.
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Which two elements are present in the sample?
chlorine and mercury
chlorine and neon
helium and mercury
helium and neon
The sample contains helium and neon elements.
What do helium and neon mean?The two lightest noble gases, helium and neon, have traditionally been placed in Group 18 of the Periodic Table of Elements, alongside argon and other unreactive or moderately reactive gaseous elements (krypton, xenon, radon), and oganesson.
A helium-neon laser, also known as a He-Ne laser, is a type of gas laser whose high energetic medium gain medium is a mixture of helium and neon in a 10:1 ratio at a total pressure of about 1 torr inside a small electrical discharge.
Helium has only two electrons in its outer electron shell. Neon and Argon have 8 electron outer shells, and all three have filled outer shells.
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What is the formula of the compound in which the atom combining ratios are: phosphorus : sulfur : chlorine 1:1:3 %3D Enter elements in the order given:
The formula for the compound with the atomic ratio of phosphorus : sulfur : chlorine 1:1:3 is PCl₃S.
What is an atom?An atom is known as the basic unit of matter and the defining structure of elements. The term "atom" originates from the Greek word for indivisible, because it was once thought that atoms were the smallest things in the universe and could not be divided.
Atoms consist of a nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines the atomic number of that element, and therefore its identity. The electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus and determine the chemical properties of the element.
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a molecule of trna includes a sequence of three nitrogenous bases called an anticodon. what is the role of the anticodon in the process of translation?
The role of the anticodon in the process of translation is to bind to a codon on mRNA
An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence of RNA that is complementary to a codon in messenger RNA (mRNA). It is located on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule and is responsible for recognizing and binding to specific codons during protein synthesis.
The anticodon pairs with the codon through base-pairing interactions, which ensure the proper transfer of the correct amino acid from the tRNA to the growing polypeptide chain.
During protein synthesis, the ribosome moves along the mRNA and reads the codons, which determine the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein. The ribosome then selects the appropriate tRNA molecule based on the anticodon sequence, which is complementary to the codon on the mRNA.
The tRNA carries the appropriate amino acid that corresponds to the codon and transfers it to the growing polypeptide chain. This process continues until a termination codon is reached and the protein is complete.
Therefore, The role of the anticodon in the process of translation is to bind to a codon on mRNA
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how much heat is released if a 10.0 gram piece of aluminum is cooled from 70°c to 50°c?
As a result, the aluminum emits -180 J of heat when it is reduced from 70 to 50 degrees Celsius.
Why does science increase the temperature?The mobility of atoms and molecules is accelerated when energy is added (heating), increasing the temperature. By withdrawing energy (cooling), atoms and molecules slow down and the temp drops as a result. Conduction is a technique that allows energy to be added to or taken away from a medium.
The following formula is used to calculate how much heat is emitted when aluminum is reduced from 70°C to 50°C:
Q = mcΔθ
where;
m is the aluminum's mass.
Specific heat capacity is c.
Δθ is a temperature change.
Q = (10)(0.9)(50 - 70) (50 - 70)
Q = -180 J
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A 3.000 g sample of a gaseous compound was found to contain 2.560 g of carbon and 0.440 g of hydrogen. (part A) What is the simplest formula of the compound (write C first and then H)?
(part B) the molar mass of the compound was found to be 42.08g/mol. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
A 3 g sample of a gaseous compound was found to contain 2.560 g of carbon and 0.440 g of hydrogen. The simplest formula is CH₂ and the molecular formula is C₃H₆.
The mass of the carbon = 2.560 g
The moles of the carbon = mass / molar mass
= 2.560 / 12
= 0.213 mol
The mass of the hydrogen = 0.440 g
The moles of the hydrogen = 0.440 / 1
= 0.440 mol
Dividing by the smallest one :
C = 1
H = 2
The simplest formula is CH₂
The molar mass of CH₂ = 12 + 2 = 14 g/mol
The molar of compound = 42.04 g/mol
n = 42.08 / 14
n = 3
The molecular formula = n ( empirical formula )
= C₃H₆
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Based on the octet rule, how many electrons do atoms want to have?
Responses
A eighteight
B sixsix
C sevenseven
D eighteen
Answer:
Based on the octet rule, how many electrons do atoms want to have? -Ans: D (eighteen)
A doctors office pi’s deciding between buying 2 different sized cups. The cups are shown. Before deciding which siz to buy, they determine how much water each size cup can hold. How much more water in cubic inches can the larger cup hold than the smaller cup?
The larger cup can hold 9.8 cubic inches more water than the smaller cup.
How much more water in cubic inches can the larger cup hold than the smaller cup?This is an example of the scientific process of experimentation and observation.The doctors office pi is attempting to determine which cup size to purchase.To do this, they need to observe and measure the capacity of each cup.They can measure the capacity of each cup by filling it with a known amount of water and then measuring the amount of water in cubic inches.Once they have measured the capacity of each cup, they can then compare the two and determine how much more water the larger one can hold than the smaller one.By using the scientific method, the doctors office pi can make an informed decision on which cup size to purchase.This example demonstrates how the scientific method can be used to make decisions based on facts and data.To learn more about The capacity differential between the two cups refer to:
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If you used the method of initial rates to obtain the order for no2 , predict what reaction rates you would measure in the beginning of the reaction for initial concentrations of 0. 200 m , 0. 100 m , and 0. 050 m no2.
If the order of reaction with respect to NO2 is 1, I would expect to observe the following initial rates:
[tex]For[/tex] [tex][NO2] = 0.200 M, rate = k * [NO2]^1 = k * 0.200^1 = k * 0.200[/tex]
[tex]For [NO2] = 0.100 M, rate = k * [NO2]^1 = k * 0.100^1 = k * 0.100[/tex]
[tex]For [NO2] = 0.050 M, rate = k * [NO2]^1 = k * 0.050^1 = k * 0.050[/tex]
The strategy for initial rates is a typical approach to deciding the order of a reaction regarding a given reactant. The idea is to measure the initial rate of reaction for various initial concentrations of that reactant.
Then utilize the data to decide the relationship between the reaction rate and the concentration of that reactant.
Let us assume that the reaction has the general form:
aA + bB - > products
where An and B are the reactants and an and b are the orders of reaction concerning each reactant. The rate of the reaction is given by the expression:
[tex]rate = k * [A]^a * [B]^b[/tex]
where k is the rate constant, which is autonomous of the reactant concentrations.
To utilize the strategy for initial rates, we would measure the initial rate of reaction for various initial concentrations of one of the reactants.
Suppose A. On the off chance that the order of reaction concerning A will be a, we would hope to notice the accompanying relationship between the initial rate and the concentration of A:
[tex]rate = k * [A]^a[/tex]
In this way, if the order of reaction with respect to NO2 is 1, we would expect to observe the following initial rates:
[tex]For[/tex] [tex][NO2] = 0.200 M, rate = k * [NO2]^1 = k * 0.200^1 = k * 0.200[/tex]
[tex]For [NO2] = 0.100 M, rate = k * [NO2]^1 = k * 0.100^1 = k * 0.100[/tex]
[tex]For [NO2] = 0.050 M, rate = k * [NO2]^1 = k * 0.050^1 = k * 0.050[/tex]
Thus, if the reaction order for NO2 is 1, we would hope to notice a linear relationship between the initial rate and the concentration of NO2, with the initial rate decreasing as the concentration of NO2 decreases.
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A solution contains 22. 4 g glucose (c6h12o6) dissolved in 0. 500 l of water. What is the molality of the solution? the density of the solution is 1. 02 g/ml.
The molality of the solution is approximately 0.244 mol/kg.
What is molality?
Molality is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Unlike molarity, which is a measure of the concentration of a solute in terms of the number of moles per liter of solution, molality is a measure of the concentration in terms of the mass of the solvent.
To find the molality of a solution, we need to know the mass of solute (glucose) and the mass of solvent (water) in the solution. The molality of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Given that the solution contains 22.4 g of glucose dissolved in 0.500 L of water (which can be converted to mass using the density of water, 1 g/mL), we can find the molality as follows:
Convert the volume of the solvent to mass:0.500 L * 1.02 g/mL = 0.510 g (water)
Find the number of moles of solute:22.4 g / ( molecular weight of glucose, which is ~180.18 g/mol) = 0.1245 moles
Find the molality:0.1245 moles / (0.510 g / 1000 g/kg) = 0.244 mol/kg
So, the molality of the solution is approximately 0.244 mol/kg.
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A solution is prepared by combining 5. 00 ml of 4. 8x10-4 m nascn solution, 2. 00 ml of 0. 21 m fe(no3)3 solution and 13. 00 ml of 0. 3 m hno3. Calculate the analytical concentrations of scn-.
Molar analytical concentration is the total number of moles of a solute in 1 L of solution, independent of its chemical state. The molar analytical concentration outlines how to produce a solution of a specific concentration.
Molarity = moles / litres
Therefore moles = molarity x L
For NaSCN solution
moles in 5.0 ml (0.005 L) of 4.8x10-4 M NaSCN
moles NaSCN = 4.8 x10-4 M x 0.005 L
moles = 0.024x10-4 moles or 2.4x10-6
Moles per L is Molarity
Hence molarity =2.4x10-6M
For each molecule of NaSCN, 1 molecule of Na+ and 1 molecule of SCN¯ will be formed .
NaSCN→ Na+ + SCN¯
Hence the analytical concentration of SCN¯ is also= 2.4x10-6M
For Fe(NO3)3 solution
moles in 2.0 ml (0.002 L) of 0.21 M Fe(NO3)3
moles Fe(NO3)3= 0.21 M x 0.002 L
moles = 0.042 moles
Moles per L is Molarity
Hence molarity =0.042M
Fe(NO3)3→ Fe3+ + 3NO3¯
For each molecule of Fe(NO3)3 , 1 molecule of Fe3+ and 3 molecules of NO3¯ will be formed .
Hence the analytical concentration of Fe3+ is also= 0.042M
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a liquid has an enthalpy of vaporization of 30.8 kj/mol. at 273 k it has a vapor pressure of 102 mmhg. what is the normal boiling point of this liquid? (1mm hg
A liquid has an enthalpy of vaporization of 30.8 kj/mol. at 273 k it has a vapor pressure of 102 mmhg. The normal boiling point of this liquid is 320 K
In order to get the normal boiling point of the liquid, we will use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation expressed according to the equation:
ln [tex]\frac{P2}{P1}[/tex] = (ΔHvap/R) . ([tex]\frac{1}{T1}[/tex] - [tex]\frac{1}{T2}[/tex])
where:
P1 is the vapor pressure of that substance at T1
P2 is the vapor pressure of that substance at T2
ΔHvap is the enthalpy of vaporization.
R is the gas constant - usually expressed as 8.31 J/Kmol
Since we are looking for the normal boiling point, we can set P2 = 1 atm (101.3 kPa) and T2 = the normal boiling point temperature.
Rearranging the equation to solve for T2:
T2 = (ΔHvap/R) * [tex](1/T1 - 1/P2)^{-1}[/tex] + T1
Plugging in the values we have:
T2 = (30.8 kJ/mol) / (8.31 J/mol*K) * [tex](1/273 K - 1/101.3 kPa)^{-1}[/tex] + 273 K
Solving for T2, the normal boiling point temperature is approximately 320.2 K ≈ 320 K
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What is the density of NH3 at 800 torr and 25 degrees C?
The density of NH3 at 800 torr and 25 degrees is 0.7327 g/L
What is density?Density exactly is defined as the ratio of mass to volume. Although it is challenging to estimate the mass of gases using standard methods, it can typically be derived by dividing the mass of a matter by the volume it occupies. As a result, the ideal gas equation, PV = nRT, can be used to derive a formula for calculating the density of gas
formula for density d=P(FW)/RT
d = actually density, with an FW formula weight of 17.031 g/mol.
R = gas which is a constant, 0 .082 6 L atm K−1 mol−1
T = ,the exact temperature is 298k or 25c
P =Density ca n be calculated as follows:
d=P(FW)/RT
d = actually density, with an FW formula weight of 17.031 g/mol.
R = gas , which is the constant 0 .082 6 L atm K−1 mol−1
T =exact temperature is as 25 C or 298 K
P = pressure 1.053 atm or 800torr
Therefore,
d=P(FW)/RT
= 1.053 * 17.031 /0.08206 *298
= 0.733 g/ L
Therefore
d=P(FW)/RT
= 1.053 * 17.031 /0.08206 *298
= 0.733 g/ L
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Stoichiometry Worksheet
1. According to the equation, what mass of hydrogen fluoride is necessary to produce
2. 3 g of sodium fluoride?
HF + NaNO3 → HNO3 + NaF
Answer:
The stoichiometry of the equation tells us the ratios of the reactants and products. To determine the amount of hydrogen fluoride required to produce 3 g of sodium fluoride, we need to use the balanced chemical equation.
The balanced equation is:
HF + NaNO3 → HNO3 + NaF
1 : 1 : 1 : 1
Since the ratio of sodium fluoride to hydrogen fluoride is 1:1, we need an equal amount of hydrogen fluoride to produce 3 g of sodium fluoride, i.e. 3 g of hydrogen fluoride.
The amount of hydrogen fluoride required to produce 3 g of sodium fluoride would be 3 g.
Explanation:
according to collision theory, what is/are the essential qualification(s) that must occur for a reaction to form products? choose one or all that apply. not all molecular collisions lead to the formation of products. in fact, only a small fraction of collisions lead to product formation. according to collision theory, what is/are the essential qualification(s) that must occur for a reaction to form products? choose one or all that apply. reacting particles must have the proper orientation. reacting particles must only be gaseous. reacting particles must have sufficient mass. reacting particles must collide. reacting particles must have sufficient energy.
According to collision theory, the essential qualification(s) that must occur for a reaction to form products are reacting particles must have the proper orientation, reacting particles must collide and reacting particles must have sufficient energy. Therefore, option A, D and E are correct.
What is collision theory ?According to collision theory, for a chemical reaction to occur, the reacting particles must collide with one another. The reaction rate is determined by the frequency of collisions. According to the theory, reacting particles frequently collide without reacting.
Collision theory, as the name implies, describes how collisions, specifically collisions between particles, result in chemical change. The formation of entirely new substances is referred to as chemical change.
Thus, option A, D and E are correct.
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How many of the following processes are nonspontaneous? climbing stairs dissolving salt in water converting table salt to its elements 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4
The number of the following process are the non spontaneous is the correct option is D) 3.
The non spontaneous process is the process that requires the energy input to proceed further. The non spontaneous process requires energy to occur. In the non spontaneous process the total energy of the product formed is higher than the energy of the reactants. The non spontaneous reaction have the positive enthalpy and it will decreases the entropy.
Thus, the process which do not procced by itself or by its own and occur if external energy is provided then this process is said to be non spontaneous process.
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The differential equation has an implicit general solution of the form where is an arbitrary constant. In fact, because the differential equation is separable, we can define the solution curve implicitly by a function in the form find such a solution and then give the related functions requested.
Where C1 is an arbitrary constant. This means the solution curve can be defined implicitly by the function F(x,y) = G(x) + H(y) = K
To find the solution to the given differential equation, we can first use the separability of the equation to separate the variables:
[tex]dy/dx = 35/(y^(1/8) + 25x^2y^(1/8))[/tex]
[tex]dy = (35/y^(1/8) + 25x^2y^(1/8)) dx[/tex]
Next, we can integrate both sides with respect to x:
[tex]∫dy = ∫(35/y^(1/8) + 25x^2y^(1/8)) dx[/tex]
[tex]y = ∫(35/y^(1/8) + 25x^2y^(1/8)) dx + C[/tex]
This is the general solution to the given differential equation in implicit form, where C is an arbitrary constant. To get the related functions requested, we can rearrange the equation as follows:
[tex]F(x,y) = ∫(35/y^(1/8) + 25x^2y^(1/8)) dx + C = K[/tex]
We can then separate the equation into functions G(x) and H(y):
[tex]G(x) = ∫(35/y^(1/8) + 25x^2y^(1/8)) dx + C1[/tex]
H(y) = K - C1
Where C1 is an arbitrary constant. This means the solution curve can be defined implicitly by the function F(x,y) = G(x) + H(y) = K
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the natural abundance of sulfur-33 (33s) is 0.76%. how many sulfur-33 isotopes are present in 10000 sulfur atoms answer
The amount of sulfur-33 isotopes are present in 10000 sulfur atoms are 76. It can be calculated by multiple the abundance of sulfur with total atoms.
In the term of chemistry, natural abundance generally can be defined as the abundance of isotopes of a chemical element as naturally found on a planet. The relative atomic mass of these isotopes in the term of chemistry can be defined as the atomic weight listed for the element in the periodic table.
The amount of sulfur-33 isotopes are present in 10000 sulfur atoms = natural abundance of sulfur x total sulfur atoms
The amount of sulfur-33 isotopes are present in 10000 sulfur atoms = 0,76% x 10000
The amount of sulfur-33 isotopes are present in 10000 sulfur atoms = 0,0076 x 10000
The amount of sulfur-33 isotopes are present in 10000 sulfur atoms = 76 isotopes of sulfur 33
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What happens to the concentration of reactants at equilibrium?
The concentration of reactants at equilibrium is equal to the concentration of the product.
At the equilibrium, the concentration of the reactants and the products will be exactly equal. The Number of the reactants reacting in the chemical reaction will be equal to the number of the products formed in the chemical reaction.
If the concentration of the reactants decreases , the position of the equilibrium moves to the left side , that is at the reactant side. The equilibrium defined as the state of the balance. Chemical equilibrium can be expressed as the state of the system in which the reactant concentration and the product concentration do not change.
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The following compounds, listed with their boiling points, are liquid at -10°C: butane, -0.5°C; etha- nol, 78.3°C; toluene, 110.6°C. At -10°C, which of these liquids would you expect to have the highest vapor pressure? Which the lowest? Explain.
The pressure of a vapor in a closed system that is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases is known as vapor pressure.
Is toluene prohibited in the United States?Toluene is regarded as one of the "toxic trinity" of hazardous compounds, along with formaldehyde and dibutyl phthalate, that are present in polishes and give them their hard finish. The trio is prohibited in many other nations, but if it is stated on the ingredient list, it is OK in the United States.
Is toluene very toxic?Toluene is regarded instantly harmful to life and health at levels of 500 ppm. Some persons may be more sensitive than others to the effects of inhaled solvents as a result of genetic variations. Some employees exposed to toluene levels deemed safe at work have developed occupational asthma.
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why is it difficult to diagnose HIV and AIDS without an HIV blood test
4. what is the color of phenolphthalein indicator in: a. acidic solution_______________________ b. basic solution_____________________
The color of the phenolphthalein indicator in:
a. acidic solution = colorless
b. basic solution = pink color
The color of phenolphthalein indicator in the acidic solution is the colorless and in the basic solution is pink color. The indicator is the substance that gives the visible sign, and a color change, of the presence or the absence of the threshold concentration of the chemical species like as the acid or an alkali in the solution.
In the acid-base titrations, the phenolphthalein is generally used as the indicator. It will turn the colorless in acidic solutions and gives the pink in basic solutions for this application.
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Explain how the groundwater system could heat the air in the schoo
Answer:
Groundwater systems are formed by the permeable layers of soil and rock that allow water to flow through them. When this water is heated by the Earth's internal heat, it can rise to the surface and release heat into the air above. In the case of a school, if the school is located near a groundwater system, the heated water from the system can potentially heat the air in the school. This occurs because the warm water rises and releases its heat into the air, causing the air temperature to increase. This is known as geothermal heating and it is a natural process that can be harnessed for heating purposes. If the school is designed to take advantage of this heating source, it can provide a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solution for heating the air in the school.
rank the relative strength of intermolecular forces for small molecules. A. ion-dipole > hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole > dispersion B. ion-dipole > dipole-dipole > hydrogen bonding > dispersion C. hydrogen bonding > ion-dipole > dipole-dipole > dispersion D. dispersion > dipole-dipole > hydrogen bonding > ion-dipole
Option A , Ion-dipole > hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole > dispersion
How do intermolecular forces of attraction work?Intermolecular forces are the direct interactions that bind liquid or solid molecule together. It is a specific kind of chemical connection that takes place between molecules and is often weaker than intramolecular forces. These intermolecular forces, despite being weaker, govern some of the substances' most crucial characteristics, including boiling temperature, melting point, enthalpy of fusion, vaporization, and density. Ion-dipole > hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole > dispersionIon-dipole interactions, which are attracted to one other by a persistent dipole, are the strongest intermolecular forces of attraction. Be aware that an ion's charge is more powerful and more persistent than a dipole's. The next step is hydrogen bonding, a unique kind of dipole-dipole interaction that results from the significant difference in electronegativity that permanently separates the charge. The remaining interactions between dipoles are weaker than hydrogen bonds. The London dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular interactions since the dipoles are merely produced by the arbitrary movement of electrons within the bonds.
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a 0.20 m solution of an unknown weak acid has ph = 1.00. what is the ka value of this acid?
The dissociation constant of a weak acid with 0.2 molar concentration and ph =1 is 1.0x 10-8
Let take a weak acid HA dissociation of HA here
HA (aq) + H2O(l)⇌A−(aq) + H3O+(aq)
Given pH=1
As you know, the pH of the solution is defined as
pH=−log([H3O+])
we can write the equation as
log([H3O+]) = −pH
This is equivalent to
10log([H3O+]) =10−pH
which gets you
[H3O+] =10−pH
In your case, you will have
[H3O+] =10−1.0 = 1.0⋅10−1 M
Now, notice that every mole of HA that ionizes produces 1 mole of A−, the conjugate base of the acid, and 1 mole of hydronium cations.
This means that, at equilibrium, the solution has
[A−]=[H3O+] → produced in a 1:1 mole ratio
In your case, you have
[A−]=1.0⋅10−1M
This means that, at equilibrium, the concentration of the weak acid will be equal to
[HA]=[HA]initial−[H3O+]
In your case, you will have
[HA]=0.01 M−1.0⋅10−1M
[HA]=0.00999 M
By definition, the acid dissociation constant, Ka, will be equal to
Ka=[A−]⋅[H3O+] [HA]
Plug in your values to find
Ka=1.0⋅10−5M⋅1.0⋅10−5. M 0.00999M
Ka=1.001⋅10−8 M Ka=1⋅10−8
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draw curved arrow notation to convert the structure to a resonance structure where all atoms have octets.
The resonance structures are the set of the lewis structures which describes the delocalization of the electrons in the molecule.
The resonance structures shows the delocalization of the electrons in the molecule. The resonance structures are used to represent the multiple structures of the single polyatomic molecule. The resonance structures have the same number of the electrons, we can not add or subtract the electrons.
All the resonance structures should follow the rules of the writing the lewis structures. The same number of the paired and the unpaired of the electrons should take part in the resonance. The resonance structures are attached below .
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