We know that water is tasteless, odorless, and transparent. In small quantities, it is also colorless. However, when a large amount of water is observed, as in a lake or the ocean, it is actually light blue in color. The blue hue of water is an intrinsic property and is caused by selective absorption and scattering of white light. These and other properties of water depend on its chemical structure.The transparency of water is important for organisms that live in water. Because water is transparent, sunlight can pass through it. Sunlight is needed by water plants and other water organisms for photosynthesis.Chemical Structure of WaterEach molecule of water consists of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen, so it has the chemical formula H2O. The arrangement of atoms in a water molecule explains many of water’s chemical properties. In each water molecule, the nucleus of the oxygen atom (with 8 positively charged protons) attracts electrons much more strongly than do the hydrogen nuclei (with only one positively charged proton). This results in a negative electrical charge near the oxygen atom (due to the "pull" of the negatively charged electrons toward the oxygen nucleus) and a positive electrical charge near the hydrogen atoms. A difference in electrical charge between different parts of a molecule is called polarity. A polar molecule is a molecule in which part of the molecule is positively charged and part of the molecule is negatively charged.
•Hydrogen Bonding-
Opposite electrical charges attract one another. Therefore, the positive part of one water molecule is attracted to the negative parts of other water molecules. Because of this attraction, bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. This type of bond always involves a hydrogen atom, so it is called a hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds are bonds between molecules, and they are not as strong as bonds within molecules. Nonetheless, they help hold water molecules together.
•Sticky, Wet Water-
Water has some unusual properties due to its hydrogen bonds. One property is cohesion, the tendency for water molecules to stick together. The cohesive forces between water molecules are responsible for the phenomenon known as surface tension. The molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides of them and consequently they cohere more strongly to those directly associated with them on the surface. For example, if you drop a tiny amount of water onto a very smooth surface, the water molecules will stick together and form a droplet, rather than spread out over the surface. The same thing happens when water slowly drips from a leaky faucet. The water doesn't fall from the faucet as individual water molecules but as droplets of water.
•Density of Ice and Water-
The melting point of water is 0°C. Below this temperature, water is a solid (ice). Unlike most chemical substances, water in a solid state has a lower density than water in a liquid state. This is because water expands when it freezes. Again, hydrogen bonding is the reason. Hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to line up less efficiently in ice than in liquid water. As a result, water molecules are spaced farther apart in ice, giving ice a lower density than liquid water. A substance with lower density floats on a substance with higher density. This explains why ice floats on liquid water, whereas many other solids sink to the bottom of liquid water.In a large body of water, such as a lake or the ocean, the water with the greatest density always sinks to the bottom. Water is most dense at about 4°C. As a result, the water at the bottom of a lake or the ocean usually has temperature of about 4°C. In climates with cold winters, this layer of 4°C water insulates the bottom of a lake from freezing temperatures. Lake organisms such as fish can survive the winter by staying in this cold, but unfrozen, water at the bottom of the lake.
Hope it helps
What structural characteristic do all of the atoms within a group (vertical columns) have in common?
Answer:
The vertical columns (groups) of the periodic table are arranged such that all its elements have the same number of valence electrons. All elements within a certain group thus share similar properties.
hope this helps
Explanation:
Each column is called a group. The elements in each group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital. Those outer electrons are also called valence electrons. They are the electrons involved in chemical bonds with other elements.
If the forces are balanced...
The net force is greater than zero
The net force is zero
The net force is less than zero
Answer:
the net force us 0.............
Explanation:
please mark brain
changing the position of the .. increases or decreases your effort ..
what does a large positive standard cell potential imply about the spontenty of the redox reaction occuring in teh cell
Answer : E cell standard is the potential difference between the two electrodes under standard conditions. Overall tendency for the redox reaction to occur spontaneously. A large positive E cell means the reaction is more spontaneous, and a negative E cell indicates a non spontaneous reaction.
Explanation: hope this answers your question
What is the formula for this ionic crystal?
Answer:
Al₄O₅
Explanation:
The key at the bottom tells us the blue spheres are oxygen atoms and the red spheres are aluminum atoms. By counting, there are 4 aluminum atoms and 5 oxygen atoms. Therefore, the formula is Al₄O₅.
Describe the procedural steps to achieve adequate separation of a homogeneous, liquid mixture containing benzoic acid, n-propylbenzene, and phenol, provided a 4:1 hexane to ethyl acetate solution as the eluent, using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).
n-propylbenzene will travel the largest distance because it interacts most effectively with the stationary phase followed by phenol and benzoic acid will travel the least distance because it interacts poorly with the mobile phase.
Thin layer chromatography involves the separation of a mixture using a stationary phase made of silica gel on a glass plate and an appropriate mobile phase. The extent of separation is highly dependent on the magnitude of interaction between the solute and the mobile phase. and stationary phase.
The first step in thin layer chromatography is to make a thin mark at the bottom portion of the plate then spot the plate with the sample. The mobile phase is now introduced into the TLC chamber a little below the mark. The plate is now placed in the stationary phase such that the mark is above the solvent level.
The TLC chamber is now covered and enough time is allowed for separation to occur. The spots can be seen using a suitable indicator dye or with a the aid of UV light
After the separation of a homogeneous, liquid mixture containing benzoic acid, n-propylbenzene, and phenol, provided a 4:1 hexane to ethyl acetate solution as the eluent, we can see that n-propylbenzene will travel the largest distance because it interacts most effectively with the stationary phase followed by phenol and benzoic acid will travel the least distance because it interacts poorly with the mobile phase.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
Which of the above represents a cell in an
isotonic solution?
B
А
C
Answer:
B
Explanation:
explain why the pressure in a sealed container of gas decreases when heat is added to the system?
Answer:
the question is bogus
see explanation
Explanation:
explain why the pressure in a sealed container of gas decreases when heat is added to the system?
when you add heat to the gas molecules in a sealed container, the molecules move faster and the pressure INCREASES!!!
IT DOES NOT DECREASE
PV =nrT
IF THE O THEVOLUME IS FIXED (REIN A SEALED CONTAINER) AND THE NUMBER OF MOLES n is FIXED, THEN THE PRESSURE IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL THE TEMPERATURE
THE GREATER T, THE GREATER P
What is an electrolysis
Answer:
Definition of Electrolysis :- Electrolysis, process by which electric current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change. The process is carried out in an electrolytic cell, an apparatus consisting of positive and negative electrodes held apart and dipped into a solution containing positively and negatively charged ions.Explanation:
Hope this helps you dear ✌️Carry on learning !!what is the coefficient for 4K2CO3
what aspects are not accounted for in the ideal gas law?
The aspects not accounted for in the ideal gas law are the force of attraction of the gas molecules on each other and the volume of the gas molecules.
In the ideal gas law, it it assumed that the molecules of the gas are so far away from each other and thus they do not exert a significant force of attraction on each other. Also, the volume of each molecule of gas is neglected and assumed negligible and thus does not account for the overall volume of the gas.
So, the aspects not accounted for in the ideal gas law are the force of attraction of the gas molecules on each other and the volume of the gas molecules.
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Answer:
interactions between molecules
size of molecule
Cr(NO3)3(aq) +CuCl2(aq)
[tex]2\text{Cr(NO}_3\text{)}_3} + 3\text{CuCl}_2 \longrightarrow 2\text{CrCl}_3 + 3\text{Cu(NO}_3\text{)}_2[/tex]
An atom has 5 protons, 4 electrons, and 5 neutrons. Which
of the following reasons represents why this is an atom of
the element boron?
A ) The atom has 5 neutrons, just like every atom of boron
B ) The atom has 4 electrons, just like every atom of boron
C ) The atom has 14 total particles, in a combination of 5-5-4 just like every atom of boron
D ) The atom has 5 protons, just like every atom of boron
< PLEASE HELP ASAP!
Answer:
i think the answer is C
Explanation:
not sure plsss dont bash im a beginner
Answer:
B ) The atom has 4 electrons, just like every atom of boron
Explanation:
HOPE IT'S HELPwhy are baseballs harder to pick up tennis balls?
Explanation:
Because baseballs are made out of things that make it heavier then tennis balls, easier to play the sport. that's why they use a bat in baseball.
I need help with one paragraph. (About the image)
Answer:
hi im just trying to get points lol hope u got ur answer
Explanation:
If each mole contains 6.023 x 10^23 atoms of magnesium. How many magnesium atoms reacted in your reaction? 400 mg of Magnesium were used.
Answer:
0.1× Avogadro's numbers
10×10^22
Explanation:
convert given mass to moles
then multiply by Avogadro's number
In which process do particles move closer together but remain in motion?
А condensation
B
diffusion
с
evaporation
D
freezing
Answer: c
Explanation: the particles stay together but has some gain more heat they break apart.
what is the periodic trend for electronegativity
Answer:
mark me brainlest
Explanation:
Electronegativity values generally increase from left to right across the periodic table. Electronegativities generally decrease from top to bottom of a group. The highest electronegativity value is for fluorine.
Answer:
"Electronegativity increases as you move from left to right across a period because the number of charges on the nucleus increases." (sstudy30 on Quizlet)
Explanation:
It explains itself haha!
Have a nice day!
I hope this is what you are looking for, but if not - comment! I will edit and update my answer accordingly. (ノ^∇^)
- Heather
Help
What is the correct orientation of the bar magnet, based on the magnetic field
lines shown?
A. South pole on the top edge and north pole on the bottom edge.
B. North pole on the top edge and south pole on the bottom edge
C. South pole on the left end and north pole on the right end
D. North pole on the left end and south pole on the right end
Answer:
b
Explanation:
north is up south is bottom
Answer:
C. South pole on the left end and north pole on the right end
Explanation:
From the figure, we can conclude that the poles of the magnet are on either sides of the magnet
Therefore, options 1 and 2 are excluded
It is a convention that the magnetic field lines move out of the north pole of a magnet and into the south pole of the magnet
From the figure, we can see that the magnetic field lines are moving out from the right end and into the left end
This means that the north pole is at the right end and that the south pole is at the left one
The unbalanced equation below shows the reaction between sodium and water. In the reaction,
hydrogen gas is given off and sodium hydroxide is formed. The gas is collected and there is found to be
1.8 grams of hydrogen. What mass of sodium would have been used in this reaction?
Na + H2O + NaOH + H2
Answer:
41.4 g
Explanation:
2Na(s) + 2H2O (l) ----> 2NaOH ( aq) + H2 (g)
According to the above balnced chemical equation the ratio between moles of H2 gas formed to moles of Na used up is 1:2
Molar mass ( Mass of 1 mol) Of H2 gas is 2 gmol-1
So in 1.8 g of H2 0.9 mol should be present
Therefore no. of moles of Na used should be 2× 0.9 = 1.8 moles
Molar mass of Na= 23 gmol-1
So mass of 1.8 mol of Na = 1.8× 23 g = 41.4g
what class of small objects have orbits completely between the gas giants, occasionally crossing their paths?
The class of small objects with orbits completely between the gas giants is centaurs.
Centaurs are a class of small tiny bodies that circles the Sun amid Jupiter as well as the Neptune, crossing the orbits of one or more of the giant planets. It has a semi-major axis, also known as perihelion, between that the outer planets.
Centaurs' orbits are often unstable since they have crossed the orbits of more than one of the gas giant planets. They are known to have the properties of asteroids and comets.
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What is the differences between solids liquids and gases on a molecular level apes.
Apply: Many gyms and health clubs have steam saunas, which are small steam-filled rooms. Traditionally, steam saunas have a container of heated rocks. A small ladle of water is poured on the rocks in order to make the steam.
1. Use what you have learned so far about heat transfer to explain how hot rocks can be used to make steam?
2. Why do you think only a small ladle-full of water is poured on the rocks at one time?
Answer:
the heat vaporization of water is very high with small amounts of water you can vaporize the water as it hits the rocks into steam. (i think)
Explanation:
What will the particles in the tube do when the current is turned on?
Is the following sentence true or false?
The properties of a metal are related to bonds within the metal,
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
In metallic bonds, nuclei of metal atoms line up uniformly and the electrons are delocalized (spread out evenly). Since this allows electrons to move around freely, and electricity is created by the flow of electrons, metals can conduct electricity.
When a bat hits a ball, what is the impulse?
a. the change in velocity multiplied by the force
b. the force multiplied by the time objects are in contact
c. the mass multiplied acceleration
d. the mass multiplied by the force
Answer:
The answer is B.
Explanation:
the force multiplied by the time objects are in contact
Elements with ________________ first ionization energies and ___________ electron affinities generally form cations.
Answer:
elements with low first ionization energies and positive or slightly negative electron affinities generally form cations.
hope it is helpful:)
Which best describes the role of a negative feedback loop?
0 The output is reduced so the body can maintain homeostasis.
0 The output builds so the body can maintain homeostasis.
0 Hormone levels in the blood increase to increase effects.
0 Hormone levels in the blood decrease to increase effects.
Pls Hurry!!!! ANYONE PLS HELP ME!! I AM DOING THE UNIT TEST AND I NEED THIS FAST!!! APAP PPL!! PLS!! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!
Answer:
A
Explanation:
now I'm not sure, but considering negative feedback allows the systems to self stabilize that would be the best option.
PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS IS A EDUCATED GUESS.
Which of the following are required for plants to carry out photosynthesis?
Answer:
To perform photosynthesis, plants need three things: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
Why is the Milky Way considered a galaxy
Answer:
Explanation:
All the stars we see in the night sky are in our own Milky Way Galaxy. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way because it appears as a milky band of light in the sky when you see it in a really dark area.
Answer: it is
Explanation: A galaxy is a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction, plus there are 100 billion planet in it.