how do palientologists classify fossils how does this compare to the way that biologists classify living animals

Some traits follow non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance, polygenic traits is the best term for these patterns based on the reading.

They are referred to as polygenic traits. The phenotype is slightly amplified by the alleles of each gene. Particularly if each gene has multiple alleles, there are numerous allele combinations that could exist. As a result, a vast spectrum of phenotypes is possible. Adult height is an illustration of a polygenic trait in humans.

Any trait that has a gradient, such as height, skin tone, hair color, nose size, or shape, is non-Mendelian, polygenetic, and influenced by numerous alleles. Another instance of a polygenetic trait that is not Mendelian is eye color.

To know more about non-Mendelian patterns visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29754443

#SPJ1

Insertion mutation occurs when an extra base pair is added to a sequence of bases.

In general, a Point mutation refers to alteration in a single base pair of DNA by substitution, deletion, or insertion of a single nitrogenous base. Most common example of point mutation is sickle cell anemia. that consists of mutation in a single base pair in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin pigment in the blood cells. Thus, An insertion can involve the addition of any number of nucleotides, that can be a single nucleotide or an entire piece of a chromosome.

An insertion is a point mutation in which one or more base pairs is added to a DNA sequence. Point mutations is further divided into silent mutations, missense mutations, and nonsense mutations.

To learn more about mutation , here

brainly.com/question/17130462

#SPJ4

The number of ATP yielded through fat metabolism which makes 9 molecules of acetyl CoA is 108 ATP.

The process of metabolic reactions which convert fatty acids to acetyl CoA is called beta-oxidation. Through multiple steps in beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down to produce energy (ATP). Before producing the energy, fatty acids which are made up of carbons must be converted into acetyl CoA in advance.

If 9 molecules of acetyl CoA are produced, it indicates that the fatty acid has 18-Carbons. In other words, each acetyl CoA contains two carbon atoms.

Each acetyl CoA that has been produced, will enter into the citric acid cycle or known as Kreb’s cycle. This cycle yields 3 NADH (9 ATP), [tex]FADH_{2}[/tex] (2 ATP), and 1 ATP. The total ATP result is 12 ATP.

when there are 9 molecules of acetyl CoA, the ATP yielded is 9 x 12 ATP = 108 ATP.

Thus, if each fatty acid in a certain fat can make 9 molecules of acetyl CoA, the amount of ATP that can be made is 108 ATP.

Learn more about beta-oxidation by clicking this link :

https://brainly.com/question/14133986

#SPJ4

The female reproductive system produces a reproductive cell called egg . These cells are produced in the ovaries. Then they travel to fallopian tube and finally to the uterus.

What is the female reproductive system?

The outer part of the female genitalia is called the vulva, which means covering. The vulva is located between the legs and covers the opening to the vagina and other reproductive organs of the body.

Female reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. A female reproductive system enables a woman to:

Ovaries have her two main reproductive functions in the body. They produce oocytes (eggs) for fertilization and produce the reproductive hormones estrogen, progesterone, and androgens.

learn more about female reproductive system:

https://brainly.com/question/27911474

#SPJ4

Ordovician end (444 million years ago; mya), Devonian, late (360 mya), Final Permian (250 mya), People frequently confuse the end of the Triassic period (200 mya) for the extinction of the dinosaurs.

End of the Cretaceous (65 million years ago), the dinosaur extinction catastrophe. The primary reason for contemporary extinctions is habitat destruction.

Permian and the beginning of the Triassic periods, some 250 million years ago, Earth went through its worst environmental catastrophe ever.

The crater's diameter and depth are estimated to be 180 kilometers (110 miles) and 12 miles.

Therefore, around 252 million years ago, the end of the Permian epoch was marked by the greatest extinction in Earth's history.

Learn more about mass extinction, here:

https://brainly.com/question/16186540

#SPJ1

Explanation:

Food labels always state the sugar, fat and salt content in percentage or per 100 grams or per serving to help consumers in their selection of products.

They require a long time to become exceptionally tall interminably. They give an overhang to conceal the others and give natural surroundings to many living with widely varied vegetation.

Notwithstanding trees, each progressive local area harbors numerous other living things, with the best variety populating the peak local area. Comparative biological zonings happen among marine widely varied vegetation, reliant upon such environmental variables as a base organization, accessibility of light, and level of saltiness.

Particular logging is a more environmentally maintainable practice than clear-cutting, which involves eliminating all trees simultaneously. The thought behind particular logging is to keep lopsided or all-matured timberland of trees fluctuating in age as well as in size and species also.

To learn more about ecosystems here

https://brainly.com/question/13979184

#SPJ4

Answer:

When a flat is put in front of a pitch it raises the pitch of the original note by a half step, a flat lowers the pitch of a note by one half step.

Explanation:

From four individual toppings that are available, you can create four combinations of a 3-toppings pizza.

If a pizza restaurant has four toppings available namely hamburger, pepperoni, Canadian bacon, and sausage, therefore that particular pizza restaurant is able to make four different combinations of 3-topping pizzas out of those four toppings using the concept of permutations in probability. The first combination would be of a pizza with toppings of hamburger, pepperoni, Canadian bacon. The second combination would be of a pizza with toppings of hamburger, pepperoni, and sausage. The third combination would be of a pizza with toppings of hamburger, Canadian bacon, and sausage. The fourth combination would be of a pizza with toppings of pepperoni, Canadian bacon, and sausage.

To learn more about permutations visit: https://brainly.com/question/28065038

#SPJ4

Your question seems incomplete, but I assume the full question was:

"A pizza restaurant has hamburger, pepperoni, Canadian bacon, and sausage. How many ways can a three topping pizza be created?"

The organelles that are unique to plant cells are the chloroplast, cell wall, plastids, and a large central vacuole. The chloroplasts, which contain the chlorophyll pigment, are what initiate photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll, the green pigment necessary for photosynthesis and giving plants their green hues, is found in chloroplasts. The carotenoid pigments found in chromoplasts give plants their numerous red, orange, and yellow hues.

Even though a cell wall is not an organelle, it is a significant and distinctive structure in plant cells, thus we have included it here. In both plants and fungi, vacuoles are prevalent and serve a variety of purposes. They are membrane sacs with a structure that is comparable to vesicles, and these two words are sometimes used interchangeably.

To know more about chloroplast

https://brainly.com/question/13428530

#SPJ4

Mucus lines the inside of several body organs and cavities (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach).

Mucus is produced by membranes in the nasal passages and sinuses, in addition to the digestive tract, the cervix, and the urinary tract. Mucus' primary function is to prevent foreign particles and chemicals from getting into the lungs by working in conjunction with the mucociliary system and clearing them out.

Mucus is full of antibodies and enzymes, and it helps our immune systems by functioning as a natural filter for the bacteria that we come into contact with on a regular basis. Its purpose is to eliminate or render harmless any potentially hazardous bacteria that may be present in the air.

To learn more about mucus, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/11289653

#SPJ4

Kinesis describes the movement patterns of this insect.

Kinesis, animals slow down in favorable environments and speed up in unfavorable ones. In this way the animal spends more time in a favorable environment.

In kinesis, an organism changes its movements in a directionless way. Example : Accelerate or decelerate - depending on the information. Woodlice, for example, move faster in response to temperatures higher or lower than their preferred range. Kinesis has been shown to be beneficial both in patch assimilation and in altering food distribution. Kinesis can slow species invasion and spread through the Alley effect.

An example of kinesis is the movement of cells or organisms as a result of exposure to certain stimuli such as light, temperature or chemicals.

For more information on Kinesis , visit :

https://brainly.com/question/956096

#SPJ4

Complete question:

An insect moves randomly at different speeds depending if it is in a favorable environment or not. Which of the following describe this insect's movement pattern?

Kinesis

Taxis

Cheese is a colloid.

Pepper powder is a suspension.

Lettuce, ham, salt and tomato are not considered to be a colloid, suspension or solution as they are classified as solid food items.

To learn more about colloid , suspension or solution :-

https://brainly.com/question/28193779

Gizmo High nitrate levels in a newborn's drinking water are typically the cause of the blue baby syndrome. To save other babies from getting sick and to identify the source of the elevated nitrates is crucial.

Blue infant syndrome is most frequently brought on by nitrate-contaminated water. A baby's body turns nitrates into nitrites after consuming formula prepared with nitrate-rich water. The body's haemoglobin binds to these nitrites to generate methemoglobin, which cannot transport oxygen.

A well-known risk factor for child methemoglobinemia is preparing infant formula using drinking water that has been polluted with nitrogen cycle. Infants that are affected have strange blue-gray skin and, depending on the degree of their disease, may become agitated or sluggish.

For such more question on Nitrogen cycle.

https://brainly.com/question/1380063

#SPJ4

are areas where rivers flow into lakes. A coastal body of brackish water that is partially contained, has one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and has a free connection to the open sea is called an estuary.

Estuaries are areas of water where rivers and the ocean converge. They serve as habitat for a variety of fauna, including well-known fish species. They also help employment, tourism, shipping, and other things. Due to the fact that estuaries often have brackish waters, which are a mixture of fresh water that drains from the land and salty ocean, many different kinds of plant and animal species call them home. Numerous habitats are produced by this unusual admixture of fresh and salt water.

Learn more about estuary here:

https://brainly.com/question/14681370

#SPJ4

Apple seeds produced from pollen have 17 chromosomes, so these seeds will contain 34 chromosomes.

Seeds are embryonic plants that are covered with a protective coating on the outside. Seed formation is part of the reproductive process in seed plants, namely spermatophytes.

Inside the seed, there is an embryo formed from the meeting between the male gamete (stamen) and the female gamete (pollen). The embryo has its position inside the seed, precisely at the core of the seed, and is surrounded by existing food reserves.

Because the seeds come from the meeting of 2 gametes, the number of chromosomes is 34, half of the male parent and half of the female parent.

Learn more about sex chromosomes at https://brainly.com/question/23541481

#SPJ4

The four major principles of natural selection are that populations of living things change over time due to a straightforward mechanism called natural selection.

In fact, it is so straightforward that it can be divided into five simple processes, referred to here as VISTA (variation, inheritance, selection, time, and adaptation). Most attributes are inherited, more offspring are generated than can survive, and offspring with more attractive traits will survive and have more offspring than those with less favorable traits.

These three principles result in natural selection, which is an unavoidable process. More environment-adapted organisms are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that contributed to their success. Over time, species change and diverge as a result of this process.

Learn more about natural selection Visit: brainly.com/question/23929271

#SPJ4

Primary lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lungs. Secondary lung cancer is cancer that spreads from another part of the body to the lungs. Primary lung cancer is the topic of this page. Primary lung cancer comes in two main types.

These are categorized according to the kind of cells in which the cancer first appears. These are: Non-small-cell lung cancer is the most prevalent type, affecting between [tex]80[/tex] and [tex]85[/tex] of every [tex]100[/tex] cases. There are three possible varieties: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or large-cell carcinoma. Lung cancer with small cells is less common and typically spreads more quickly than non-small-cell lung cancer.

The recommended treatments are determined by the type of lung cancer you have. Older people are more likely to get lung cancer. It rarely happens to people under [tex]40[/tex]. In the UK, over [tex]4[/tex] out of [tex]10[/tex] people diagnosed with lung cancer are over [tex]75[/tex].

Lung cancer can occur in people who have never smoked, but smoking is the leading cause, accounting for more than [tex]70%[/tex][tex]%[/tex] percentage of all cases. This is due to the fact that smoking regularly results in the inhalation of numerous toxic substances.

To know more about lung cancer,

brainly.com/question/28085604

Relationships among organisms play a vital role in maintaining the balance and stability of ecosystems. These relationships can be categorized into three main types: mutualism, commensalism, and competition.

In mutualism, both species involved in the relationship benefit. For example, many plants have mutualistic relationships with pollinators, such as bees. The plants provide nectar as a food source for the bees, while the bees help to pollinate the plants, allowing them to reproduce.

In commensalism, one species benefits from the relationship while the other is neither helped nor harmed. The relationship between cattle and cattle egrets is an example of commensalism. The egrets feed on insects stirred up by the cattle as they graze, while the cattle are not affected by the presence of the egrets.

In competition, two or more species compete for the same limited resource. This can lead to the evolution of unique adaptations that allow a species to better exploit a particular resource, which in turn can lead to greater biodiversity in an ecosystem.

Predator-prey relationships also play an important role in ecosystems by controlling population sizes and helping to maintain balance within the ecosystem. In addition, decomposers break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients, making them available for other organisms to use.

In summary, relationships among organisms in an ecosystem are vital for maintaining balance and stability, and ultimately ensuring the survival of the ecosystem.

Learn more about ecosystems:

https://brainly.com/question/19267717

The most genetic information is inherited in humans on the x-chromosome.

In bacteria, each messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as a template for the production of one or more particular proteins. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) carry information from DNA. Translation is the process by which the primary amino acid sequence of a protein is established from the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

Their mother passes one copy on to them through the egg, while their father passes the other one along sperm. Each egg and sperm have a single set of 23 chromosomes. Two copies of each chromosome and two copies of each gene are present when the sperm fertilizes the egg, resulting in the formation of an embryo.

Three separate processes responsible for the genetic diversity.

To learn more about Genetics :

https://brainly.com/question/25703686

#SPJ4

Metamorphism occurs when the heat rising from below causes the part of the metamorphic rock to melt, forming magma.

Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks which substantially changed from their original igneous, sedimentary, or earlier metamorphic form. Metamorphic rocks are formed when the rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, the combination of these factors.

Metamorphism occurs when the solid rock undergo changes in the composition and texture without mineral crystals undergoing melting, which is how the igneous rock is generated.

If there is too much heat or pressure applied, the rock will melt and become magma. This will result in the formation of an igneous rock, and not a metamorphic rock.

Learn more about Metamorphic rocks here:

https://brainly.com/question/19930528

#SPJ1

Gregor Mendel discovered the basic laws of heredity through the study of peas. He concluded that genes come in pairs and are inherited as separate entities, one from each parent. Mendel traced the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in offspring as dominant or recessive traits.

Mendel's four postulates and laws of heredity are: (1) the principle of pair factor, (2) the principle of dominance, (3) the law of germline segregation or purity (Mendel's first law of inheritance) and (4) the law of independent selection (Mendel's second law of inheritance).

Mendel generalized the results of his pea experiment into his three principles that explain the genetic basis of diploid organisms. they are: the principle of segregation, the principle of dominance, and the principle of independent assortment.

For more information on Mendel , visit :

https://brainly.com/question/29785142

#SPJ4

The relationship between chemoreceptors, carbon dioxide, pH and ventilation rate is that the chemoreceptors detect changes in the levels of carbon dioxide and pH in the blood, and signal the brain to adjust the rate of ventilation accordingly to maintain the normal range of carbon dioxide and pH in the body.

Chemoreceptors are specialized sensory cells that detect changes in the levels of certain chemicals, such as carbon dioxide and pH, in the blood. These receptors are found in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies, which are located near the carotid artery and the aorta, respectively.

Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are sensitive to changes in the levels of carbon dioxide and pH, and they signal the brain to increase or decrease the rate of ventilation accordingly

Learn more about carbon dioxide on

https://brainly.com/question/25385913

#SPJ1

The question that would provide more information about the relationship between the CFTR mutation and the viscous mucus, is:

Correct answer: letter B.

This question is the right question to ask because the CFTR mutation disrupts the chloride movement, which in turn affects the movement of sodium ions and water by the cell.

This could be the cause of the abnormally viscous mucus layer, and the answer to this question would provide more information about the association between the CFTR mutation and the viscous mucus.

Regarding the question, Disruption of chloride movement affects the movement of sodium ions and water through the cell because it alters the osmotic balance between the cell and its environment. Normally, the flow of chloride ions out of the cell is coupled to the flow of sodium ions into the cell.

This creates an osmotic gradient that attracts water into the cell. When the flow of chloride ions is interrupted, this gradient is also interrupted, resulting in decreased movement of sodium ions and water into the cell. The result is dehydration and the formation of a viscous layer of mucus on the cell surface.

Learn more about Cystic fibrosis:

https://brainly.com/question/13957865

#SPJ4

Taxes.

Immigration is the process of leaving one place. So it can't be.

Birth Rate is essentially more births happening. That effects population. Same as deatb rate.

Answer:

d. They use reverse transcriptase to make DNA from RNA

The following are included in Mendel's theory: A pair of components regulate traits (known as genes). One gene is inherited from each parent for each trait. Every quality is passed down from one generation to the next.

During the development of gametes, genes divide. When two genes are in direct opposition to one another, one gene may be expressed while the other is hidden.

A trait may not manifest in an individual but can still be passed on to the next generation, and the genes for each trait separate themselves during gamete formation. Individuals inherit one such unit for each feature from each parent.

Learn more about to  Mendel

https://brainly.com/question/11343026

#SPJ4

If the year dates of the tree growth rings can be identified, the scientific discipline of dendrochronology can indeed be utilised to establish when a tree was cut down or died naturally. Seasonal climate shifts affect a tree's annual growth, which varies throughout the year.

The study known as dendrochronology, sometimes known as tree-ring dating, uses the annual growth rings that trees create to determine dates on a calendar (Nash 2000). This precise and sophisticated dating technique has been employed by archaeologists for nearly a century.

According to this theory, there must have been physical and biological mechanisms in place in the past that connect present environmental processes with the patterns of tree development that exist today. James Hutton first said this in 1785, and it is now often understood to mean "the current is the keys to the past."

To know more about dendrochronology visit:

https://brainly.com/question/13936730

#SPJ4

Scientific studies have proved that properly placed dental sealants are highly effective in protecting the development of cavities in sealed tooth surfaces.

A dental sealant is a thin plastic coating that is applied to the chewing surface of molars, premolars, and any deep grooves (called pits and fissures) of teeth. The sealant acts as a barrier, protecting the teeth from decay-causing bacteria.

The process of applying dental sealants is simple and painless. The tooth surface is first cleaned, and then the sealant is applied. The sealant hardens and bonds directly to the enamel of the tooth, creating a protective shield. This shield acts like a wall, preventing tooth decay-causing bacteria from entering the deep grooves of the teeth.

Studies have shown that dental sealants reduce the risk of cavities by 82 percent in sealed tooth surfaces. This is due to the fact that the sealant prevents bacteria from entering the deep grooves of the teeth and attacking the enamel. The sealant also helps prevent food particles from becoming trapped in the grooves, which further reduces the risk of tooth decay.

Learn more about enamel at : https://brainly.com/question/29805997

#SPJ4