Gizmo warm-up the circulatory system gizmo shows the heart and blood vessels that make up the circulatory system. There are four chambers in the heart.
The heart is a big, muscular organ that is responsible for pumping blood that is rich in oxygen and nutrients to the various tissues of the body. It does this by traveling via the blood vessels. It is composed of a total of four chambers.
Blood is necessary because it transports oxygen and nutrients to different regions of the body, allowing those components to function properly. The circulation of blood throughout your body is controlled by your heart.
You can also learn about circulatory system from the following question:
https://brainly.com/question/29259710
#SPJ4
how are nutrition and genetics linked? multiple select question. genes determine nutrient requirements. genes influence development of some nutritional diseases. nutrients affect gene expression. nutrition really doesn't have an effect on gene expression.
The nutrition and genetics are linked as: (1) genes determine nutrient requirements; (2) genes influence development of some nutritional diseases; and (3) nutrients affect gene expression.
Nutrition refers to the phenomenon of intake of nutrients through the food. A food product is said to be nutritious if it consists of some beneficial nutrient like vitamins, good fat, right amount of carbohydrates, etc. Nutrients are essential for the body to healthy and active.
Gene expression refers to the process which transforms the information encoded in the DNA into its functional form, i.e., proteins. The gene expression is comprised of three processes: replication, transcription and translation.
To know more about gene expression, here
brainly.com/question/3638652
#SPJ4
6. what does it mean that dna strands are antiparallel and complementary? draw a strand of dna with 6 nucleotides to support your answer.
DNA strands are antiparallel and complementary means that they are running in the opposite direction but parallel to one another.
Antiparallel is a term used in biochemistry to describe the relationship between two biopolymers that are parallel to one another but run in opposing directions (alignments). One illustration of this concept is provided by the fact that the two strands of a DNA double helix run in the opposite direction beside each other.
Two individual strands of DNA, both of which are single strands, whose nucleotide sequences are designed in such a way that they will pair with each other and bind together at any point along their lengths is called complementary strands.
The structure is attached
You can also learn about DNA strands from the following question:
https://brainly.com/question/10894314
#SPJ4
types of genetic variation that frequently occurs between individuals of the same species include: (select all that apply for credit)
Types of genetic variation that frequently occurs between individuals of the same species include length of a)chromosmes, e)different alleles, f)CNVs, g)SNPs.So,correct options are a,e,f,g.
Genetic variation is the distinction in DNA among individuals[1] or the distinctions between populations.[2] The numerous wellsprings of hereditary variety incorporate change and hereditary recombination. Transformations are a definitive wellsprings of hereditary variety, however different systems, like hereditary float, add to it, too.
Genetic variation can be distinguished at many levels. Distinguishing hereditary variety is conceivable from perceptions of phenotypic variety in either quantitative characteristics (qualities that fluctuate consistently and are coded for by numerous qualities (e.g., leg length in canines)) or discrete attributes (qualities that fall into discrete classes and are coded for by one or a couple of qualities (e.g., white, pink, or red petal variety in specific flowers)).[citation needed]
Genetic variation can likewise be distinguished by looking at variety at the degree of compounds utilizing the course of protein electrophoresis. Polymorphic qualities have more than one allele at every locus. A big part of the qualities that code for proteins in bugs and plants might be polymorphic, though polymorphisms are more uncommon among vertebrates.
Hence,correct options are a,e,f,g.
To know more about genetic variation,visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/848479
#SPJ4
(Complete question) is:
Types of genetic variation that frequently occurs between individuals of the same species include: (select all that apply for credit)
a) lengths of chromosomes
b)numbers of chromosomes
c)different genes
d)different banding patterns on Geimsa stained karyotypes
e)different alleles
f)CNVs
g)SNPs
how do these positions align with cells
The organelles are best represented by each type of plant component:
Main office → Controls and manages the activities at the factory, initiate products, and provides the blueprints for the products (nucleus).Assembly Line → Important products are built from raw materials on the assembly line. (ribosome)Conveyer Belt → Moves the products to the shipping department. (ER)Packaging and Shipping → Packs products and sends them out for distribution. (Apparatus Golgi)Generator → Produces the electricity required to run the factory. (Mitochondrion)Doors to the outside with a buzzer to only let approved personnel and products into the factory → Determines what can leave the factory and what can enter the factory. (Plasma membrane)Recycle center → Breaks down old or damaged products to use the parts. (Lysosomes)Like a city, cell city has factories that supply the needs of its citizens, a waste disposal/processing site, and a transportation system.
The nucleus is analogous to the main office, because it is the center of factory activity and provides the blueprint for the product, namely protein.Ribosomes are analogous to an assembly line because they are the raw materials on an assembly line.The endoplasmic reticulum is analogous to a conveyor belt, because it is responsible for transporting products to the shipping department.The golgi apparatus is analogous to packaging and shipping because it is in charge of packing products and sending them for distribution.Mitochondria are analogous to generators because they produce the energy needed to run factories, namely protein synthesis.The plasma membrane is analogous to the door to the outside, meaning that the results of protein synthesis will exit through the plasma membrane.Lysosomes are analogous to recycling centers because they break down old or damaged products or molecules to use spare parts.Learn more about organelles at https://brainly.com/question/16601148.
#SPJ1
What could happen to the human population if Earth’s resources were completely used up?
Answer:
If Earth's resources were completely used up, the human population could face serious consequences, including food and water shortages, energy crises, and economic instability. In the long term, it could lead to a decline in human numbers and potentially even extinction. Therefore, it is important to manage Earth's resources sustainably, to ensure their availability for future generations.
Answer:
If Earth's resources were completely used up, the consequences for the human population would be severe.
Firstly, the availability of basic necessities such as food, water, and energy would become scarce, leading to widespread famine, thirst, and lack of power. The depletion of resources such as oil, natural gas, and coal would cause the collapse of modern transportation, industry, and communication systems, leading to widespread poverty and social upheaval.
Moreover, without natural resources such as forests, minerals, and fertile soil, the human population would face environmental degradation and loss of habitat. This would lead to a decline in biodiversity and a reduction in the availability of essential ecosystem services, such as pollination and pest control.
In addition, the depletion of resources could lead to conflicts over the remaining resources, with countries, communities, and even individuals vying for control of the dwindling supplies. This could result in war, violence, and mass migration, leading to further instability and suffering for the human population.
In conclusion, if Earth's resources were completely used up, the consequences for the human population would be far-reaching and devastating, with severe impacts on health, security, and well-being.
give a scientific reason for the following (in) the presence of a large central vacuole in a plant cell
Answer: To store food and water: They are equipped with a large vacuole in comparison to animal cells since the plants are immobile to gin nutrition from surrounding and they need to store as much food they can(an evolutionary feature to support survival).
Explanation:
Which of the following is not a source of genetic variation?
A. Cross over of homologous Chromosomes.
B. Random fertilization of eggs by sperm.
C. Mitosis of fertilized eggs.
D. Independent assortment of chromosomes.
Mitosis of fertilized eggs is not a source of genetic variation.
Which of the following is not a source of genetic variation?Genetic variation consequences in different forms, or alleles of genes. For example, if we look at eye color, people with blue eyes have one allele of the gene for eye color, whereas people with brown eyes will have a dissimilar allele of the gene. examples of genetic variation include eye color, blood type, camouflage in animals, and leaf moderation in plants.
The most usual form of genetic variants among individuals is the smallest, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Mutations are the original source of genetic variation that happens when there is an error during DNA replication that is not corrected by DNA mend enzymes.
So we can conclude that Genetic variation is a term used to explain the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genome
Learn more about Genetic variation here: https://brainly.com/question/14926046
#SPJ1
what test should be used to specifically identify the strain of bacteria or pathogen affecting the animal?
To properly identify the bacterial or viral infection infecting the animal, a culture test should be used.
Describe the culture test.Finding germs that can cause an infection, such as bacteria or fungi, requires a test called a culture. A sensitivity test determines the type of medication, such as an antibiotic, that will work the best to treat the illness or infection. An element that encourages the growth of germs is added to a sample of bodily fluid or tissue for culture.
The culture is unfavorable if no bacteria develop. The culture is positive if pathogenic microbes develop. A microscope or chemical tests can be used to determine the type of germ. Other sorts of organisms, including fungi, can take longer to develop in culture than bacteria, which typically do it in two days.
Learn more about the culture test with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/28328975
#SPJ4
What are 5 basic differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene structure?
Answer:
The structure and chemical composition of the DNA in both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are different. The prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, no organelles and a very small amount of DNA. On the other hand, the eukaryotic cells have nuclei and cell organelles, and the amount of DNA present is large.
Explanation:
pls mark brainliest
Do hiberations and camouflage
have low or high precipitation
When hibernating, an animal's metabolism slows significantly: its heartbeat slows, it breathes more slowly (some animals even stop breathing for periods of over an hour) and its body temperature drops—in some extreme cases to below freezing point of water (zero degrees Celsius)
Behavioral adaptation: something an animal does usually in response to some type of the external stimulus in order to survive. Hibernating during winter is an example of behavioral adaptation
Camouflage in animals can be reckoned as structural adaptation as it allows it some changes in its external body to survive better in environment around them. It helps them not to get detected by their predators and also as an aid in their hunting for prey.
Hibernation is response to the cold weather and reduced food availability. Most animals that hibernate are quite small and, as weather gets colder, they reach the point where they simply can't eat enough food to sustain their body temperature.
learn more about hibernation at
https://brainly.com/question/1884191
#SPJ4
some viruses are associated with cancer. there are a variety of ways in which viruses may affect a cell in a way that may lead to the formation of a tumor. based on your knowledge of the life cycles of viruses and of molecular genetics, what is one way that this might happen?
A large portion of the cancer research community is unaware of the significant burden that viral infections have on cancer patients.
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, viruses are the primary cause of one in five cancer cases worldwide1,2. These malignancies pose unique public health issues for underprivileged and immunosuppressed populations in rich nations as well as the developing globe. Most significantly, there are clear objectives for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of these malignancies.
On a global level, vaccination campaigns against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the human papillomavirus (HPV), two human tumour viruses, have already started to change long-standing cancer patterns. This Timeline article examines how modern technology can be used to identify infectious and describes common characteristics of human cancer viruses.
Learn more about cancer Visit: brainly.com/question/26059802
#SPJ4
what would have been the expected results in the experiment if the plasma membrane had been freely permeable to the salt as well as to the water
The works urged that salt pressure is more clear than osmotic pressure in disturbing the membrane penetrability and calcium particles can forestall the grown porousness got about by osmotic or ionic pressure.
On the off chance that the cell layer became penetrable to most substances, the cell wouldn't be at homeostasis and it would kick the bucket. The cell layer makes a steady, interior climate inside the cell.
A crack or separation of the plasma layer would bring about the openness of the cell parts to the outside climate and would eventually bring about cell passing.
At the end of the day, plasma layers are specifically penetrable — they permit a few substances through but not others (Figure 1). On the off chance that the layer was to lose this selectivity, the cell would as of now not have the option to keep up with homeostasis or to support itself, and it would be obliterated.
To learn more about membranes here
https://brainly.com/question/26872631
#SPJ4
which area of the body has the greatest amount of representation in the human primary somatosensory cortex?
The human primary somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing information from the sense of touch.
In this area, different regions of the body are represented in a highly organized manner, known as a sensory homunculus. The area of the body with the greatest amount of representation in the primary somatosensory cortex is the fingertips. This is because the fingertips are capable of detecting subtle differences in texture, pressure, and temperature and are therefore very sensitive to touch. As a result, they require a larger area of the cortex to process this information. Other regions of the body with a high level of representation in the primary somatosensory cortex include the lips, tongue, and face, which are also highly sensitive to touch. In contrast, areas of the body with less sensitivity to touch, such as the torso, are represented in a smaller area of the cortex.To know more about cortex visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14735626
#SPJ4
the complexity and variety of organic molecules is due togroup of answer choicestheir interaction with water.the chemical versatility of carbon atoms.the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms.the variety of rare elements in organic molecules.
The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to: (b) .the chemical versatility of carbon atoms.
Organic molecules are the groups of atoms that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms in it. These molecules are present inside the living organisms and make up the essential components. The example of such organic molecules are: proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc.
Carbon atom is the atom of the periodic table with atomic number 6. It is the most unique element due to its characteristics properties like the catenation property. The carbon atom makes up the whole dry biomass of the living organisms.
To know more about carbon atom, here
brainly.com/question/30507533
#SPJ4
what is true about blood typing? what is true about blood typing? type ab blood contains antigens a and b. type ab blood contains neither a nor b antigen. type o blood contains antigens a and b. type b blood contains a antigen.
True. Blood typing is a way to determine the type of antigens in a person's blood. Type AB blood contains both antigens A and B, while type O blood contains neither antigen A nor B. Type B blood contains antigen A.
What is antigens?An antigen is any substance that the body recognizes as being foreign, triggering the production of an antibody. Antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, or other molecules found on the surface of cells, viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Antigens can also be toxins or other foreign substances, such as those from a snake bite or a bee sting. The immune system recognizes antigens as being foreign and produces specific antibodies to bind to and neutralize the antigen.
To learn more about antigens
https://brainly.com/question/1916717
#SPJ4
give reason for flower of hibiscus is complete.
Answer:
The hibiscus flower is complete ( or a complete flower ) because it is a perfect flower and has the main parts a flower should have. These are the sepals, petals, stigma and stamen.
Neurons communicate by releasing chemicals called _________ into a synapse.
Neurotransmitters
A neurotransmitter is a molecule or chemical messenger in the body that transmits signals or messages between neurons from a nerve cell to a target cell.
These target cells can be located in muscles, glands, and other nerves. The nervous system that delivers signals works to control organs, psychological functions, and physical functions.
The neurotransmitter is located in a part of the neuron called the axon terminal. They are stored in a thin sac called synaptic vesicles. Each vesicle can contain the mind of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Once the neurotransmitter gets the message, that molecule must be cleared of the new synaptic (the space between the nerve cell and the next target cell).
Here you can learn more about neurotransmitter
https://brainly.com/question/9725469
#SPJ4
Neurons communicate by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters into a synapse.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit a signal from a neuron across the synapse to a target cell, which can be another neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. They are like chemical words that function to send 'messages' from one neuron to another.
They play a vital role in communication between the brain and the rest of the body, and are involved in functions such as learning, memory, mood, and sleep.
There are several types of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. Each of them has its own specific functions and effects on the body.
Learn more about neurotransmitter at https://brainly.com/question/26387085
#SPJ4
What does your body use to transduce specific external stimuli into neural activity?
Our body uses sensory receptors to transduce specific external stimuli into neural activity.
In general , Sensory receptors are known as the specialized cells or tissues present throughout the body and are made to detect different kinds of stimuli these are light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. These sensory receptor gets activated with the specific outer stimulus, that can generates an electrical signal which travels towards the brain in direction of sensory neurons.
Hence, There are many type of sensory receptors designed for detecting various types of stimuli. Example includes , photoreceptors in the eye detect light, chemoreceptors in the nose detect different types of molecules in the air we breathe. These receptors obtain stimulus and convert it into neural activity that brain can interpret.
To learn more about Sensory receptors , here
brainly.com/question/30227541
#SPJ4
what term applies to the point at which the membrane returns to resting potential after having been depolarized?
The term that applies to the point at which the membrane returns to resting potential after having been depolarized is called "repolarization".
To understand this process, it is first important to know what is meant by membrane potential. Membrane potential is the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell. In neurons, for example, the resting membrane potential is around -70 millivolts (mV), meaning that the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside. This resting potential is maintained by the action of ion channels that selectively allow certain ions to pass through the cell membrane, creating an electrical gradient.
When a neuron receives a stimulus, it can become depolarized, meaning that the membrane potential becomes less negative or even positive. This happens when positively charged ions, such as sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), enter the cell. This depolarization can trigger an action potential, which is an all-or-nothing response that allows the neuron to transmit information to other neurons or cells.
However, the depolarization must be followed by a process called repolarization in order for the neuron to be able to fire again. During repolarization, the ion channels allow potassium (K+) ions to leave the cell and restore the negative resting potential. This is a crucial step in neural communication, as it allows the neuron to reset and prepare for the next stimulus.
In summary, repolarization is the process by which the membrane potential of a cell returns to its resting state after having been depolarized. This process involves the movement of potassium ions out of the cell, restoring the negative resting potential and allowing the neuron to fire again.
Here you can learn more about repolarization
https://brainly.com/question/30515285#
#SPJ11
except for the two embryonic leaves, plant leaves develop from the
Plant leaves, with the exception of the two embryonic leaves, develop from the shoot apical meristem.
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a group of proliferating embryonic cells that gives rise to the above-ground part of the plant. They are very organized and stable structures that are able to function for years or even centuries. Apical meristems are present at the growing tips of stems and roots. The main function of the apical meristem is to initiate the growth of new cells in young seedlings at the tips of roots and shoots to form shoots.
The apical shoot meristem of angiosperms produces leaf, stem, and flower structures throughout the life of the plant. To do this, the plant must maintain a population of stem cells in the meristematic tissue while carefully controlling placement and establishment of new leaf bases.
For more information on shoot apical meristem, visit :
https://brainly.com/question/23669464
#SPJ4
A plant with variegated (two-colored) leaves was left in sunlight for several hours. Pieces of one of its leaves were then detached (removed) and tested for starch. The diagram below shows the results. Explain, as fully as you can, why the yellow region of the leaf had not produced starch.
The yellow region of the leaf as shown in the diagram had not produced starch because it does not contain chlorophyll pigment which is responsible for photosynthesis.
What is Photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a process which is used by plants and other living organisms to convert light energy or sunlight into chemical energy in the form of chemical bonds present in carbohydrates (glucose) produced through it, through the process of cellular respiration, these carbohydrates can later be released to fuel the organism's activities with ATP (energy).
The variegated or the yellow part of the leaf of the plant as shown in the diagram does not contain chlorophyll pigment which is used to perform the process of photosynthesis in plants. Absence of chlorophyll pigment and photosynthesis in that region of the plant prevents the formation of starch in the yellow region of the plant.
Learn more about Photosynthesis here:
https://brainly.com/question/29764662
#SPJ1
how many times must the calvin cycle turn for the plant cell to be able to produce one molecule of glucose?
The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, is a series of biochemical reactions that take place inside a plant cell to produce a molecule of glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert sunlight into energy. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy, which is then used to produce glucose.
In order for the cell to produce one molecule of glucose, the Calvin cycle must turn three times. This is because the cycle involves three main steps: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of the starting material. In the first step, carbon dioxide is combined with the five-carbon sugar ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to form two molecules of the three-carbon compound, 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA). In the second step, each of the two molecules of PGA is reduced to the three-carbon sugar, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). In the third and final step, G3P molecules are used to regenerate the RuBP molecules that were used in the first step, allowing the cycle to begin again. Therefore, the cycle must turn three times in order to produce one molecule of glucose.
To learn more about photosynthesis
https://brainly.com/question/28852138
#SPJ4
The escaping infrared radiation will probably hit at least how many other
greenhouse gas molecules before reaching space?
The escaping infrared radiation will probably hit at least ten greenhouse gas molecules before reaching space.
What are Greenhouse gases?This is referred to as the gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect and they are responsible for having an influence on the earth's energy balance.
In the atmosphere there are about ten types and the naturally occurring ones can be seen below;
water vapor (H2O),carbon dioxide (CO2)methane (CH4)nitrous oxide (N2O)Read more about Greenhouse gases here https://brainly.com/question/19521661
#SPJ1
Water pollution review …
1. When neighborhood resident noticed a large number of dead fish in a local creek they traced the problem to a nearby gas station. It turned out that a gasoline tank has developed a leak this is an example of
A. Point-source, B. nonpoint -source pollution, C. thermal pollution, D. groundwater pollution.
2. Which of the following is a point-source? A. An abandoned mine, B. Runoff city streets, C. Precipitation containing air pollution, D. Runoff from farms.
3. What would the drawbacks be to a wastewater plant connected to a water treatments facility?
A. Increased energy usage, B. Decks matter in the water, C. There are no real drawbacks, D. An overabundance of wastewater would get pumped directly into our water resources .
g as a result of a mutation that disrupts the nuclear localization signal of a protein, the protein will now ... a: be translocated into the er b: be ubiquitinated and degraded c: be remained in the cytoplasm d: be exported into extracellular matrix (ecm) e: be stuck in the nuclear pore
The correct answer is Option C: be remained in the cytoplasm. If a mutation disrupts the nuclear localization signal of a protein, the protein will not be able to enter the nucleus, so it will remain in the cytoplasm.
When a mutation disrupts the nuclear localization signal of a protein, the protein will not be able to enter the nucleus, so it will remain in the cytoplasm. This is because nuclear localization signals are responsible for directing proteins to the nucleus, and without them, the proteins will be unable to enter the nucleus. By remaining in the cytoplasm, these proteins may be able to interact with other proteins or molecules and perform their normal functions.
Learn more about mutation :
https://brainly.com/question/14438201
#SPJ4
How does this compare to the two cells at the end of telophase I and cytokinesis I in male cells?
Unlike the female cells, which did not divide equally, the male cells did. Each cell will contain half of the parent cell's chromosomes when it divides at the conclusion of telophase I and the cytokinesis process.
The cell enters meiosis II and the genetic material is not duplicated once more. The chromosomes complete their journey to their opposing ends during telophase, and the nucleus develops around them. The cytoplasm divides during cytokinesis alongside the organelles. After cytokinesis, two new daughter cells are produced. Telophase and cytokinesis vary primarily in that telophase is the last stage of karyokinesis, which results in the formation of two daughter nuclei. The final stage of cell division, known as cytokinesis, distributes cytoplasm equally across the two daughter nuclei.
To know more about chromosomes, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/30077641
#SPJ4
a white stallion and a white mare, each heterozygous for all these genes, are mated. what is the least abundant phenotype in the live offspring? hint: first determine the frequencies of all possible phenotypes in the live offspring, then pick the lowest one.
Chestnut and spotted are the least common phenotypes among live offspring. Option 5 is correct.
Stallion genotype = Ww Oo Bb
Mare genotype = Ww Oo Bb
Both parents share the same genotype. As a result, the gametes produced would be identical. We may utilize Punnett square in two halves to discover the potential gametes. Sixteen of the 64 outcomes are fatal. Chestnut spotted is the least common. A gene is the most basic physical and functional component of heredity.
DNA is the building block of genes. Some genes act as blueprints for protein synthesis. However, many genes do not encode proteins. Our genes carry information that is passed down across generations. For example, genes are responsible for one child having blonde hair like their mother and their sibling having dark hair like their father.
The complete question is
A white stallion and a white mare, each heterozygous for all these genes, are mated. what is the least abundant phenotype in the live offspring?
White Black, solid Black, spottedChestnut, solid Chestnut, spottedTo know more about the Genes, here
https://brainly.com/question/28168779
#SPJ4
flaming the mouth of the tube containing sterilized nutrient broth is not necessary before introducing a specimen from bacterial culture. question 2 options: true false
It is not essential to flame the opening of the tube holding sterilized nutrient broth before inserting a sample from a bacterial culture, which is True.
By forcing air out of the tube and obstructing the entry of airborne pollutants, this generates a convection current. Insert the inoculating loop while retaining the culture tube at an angle, then remove a loopful of inoculum. By doing this, it is made sure that no bacteria may enter the vessel's mouth and infect the culture or the media. Convection currents are created away from the entrance of the bottle when its mouth is passed through a flame, aiding in the prevention of contamination. To completely purge (something or someone) of all living organisms in order to sterilise it (as by the use of steam or dry heat) Sterilize surgical tools in an autoclave. to euthanize cats and dogs by surgery in order to stop them from reproducing.
Sterilization can be accomplished by combining heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. Examples include the application of dry heat, UV radiation, gas vapor sterilants, chlorine dioxide gas, and steam under pressure.
To know more about sterilized on
https://brainly.com/question/28480838
#SPJ4
Describe the events of each stage of mitosis. Describe and ILLUSTRATE
The four stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What is mitosis?Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides its nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. There are four stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Prophase:
During prophase, the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. The chromosomes become visible under a microscope and consist of two identical sister chromatids, held together at a region called the centromere. The spindle fibers, composed of microtubules, begin to form at opposite poles of the cell and attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. The spindle fibers will be responsible for pulling the sister chromatids apart during later stages of mitosis.
Metaphase:
During metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell, called the metaphase plate. The spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores, which are protein structures located at the centromeres of the chromosomes. The spindle fibers exert tension on the chromosomes, pulling them toward the center of the cell until they are aligned at the metaphase plate.
Anaphase:
During anaphase, the spindle fibers shorten, causing the sister chromatids to separate at the centromere and move toward opposite poles of the cell. The spindle fibers not attached to chromosomes elongate, pushing the poles of the cell apart and further separating the chromatids. By the end of anaphase, each pole of the cell has a complete set of chromosomes.
Telophase:
During telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, creating two nuclei. The chromosomes begin to unwind back into chromatin, and the spindle fibers disassemble. The cell undergoes cytokinesis, the process of physically dividing the cytoplasm into two daughter cells. In animal cells, a contractile ring made of actin filaments forms around the cell, pinching it in two. In plant cells, a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.
Learn more about mitosis here: https://brainly.com/question/1186551
#SPJ1
which land mammal has the most teeth in the world?