Rutherford created the cathode-ray tube , is correct answer.
A cathode-ray tube, often known as a CRT, is a vacuum tube that houses one or more electron cannons that produce electron beams that are then bent to produce images on a phosphorescent screen. The visuals could be pictures (from a television or computer monitor), electrical waveforms (from an oscilloscope), radar targets, or other occurrences. The term "picture tube" is often used to refer to a CRT on a television. Additionally, CRTs have been utilised as memory devices, in which case the screen is not meant to be seen by outsiders. When electron beams were initially discovered, before it was realised that what was released from the cathode was an electron beam, they were referred to as "cathode rays."
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf and Julius Plücker made the discovery of cathode rays. Hittorf noticed that the cathode (negative electrode) was emitting some unidentified rays that might throw shadows on the glowing tube wall, indicating that the rays were moving in a straight line. Cathode rays could be redirected by magnetic fields and electric fields, as William Crookes and Arthur Schuster both demonstrated in 1890. The first "subatomic particles," called electrons by Irish scientist George Johnstone Stoney in 1891, were negatively charged particles smaller than atoms. J. J. Thomson was able to measure the charge-mass ratio of cathode rays in 1897 and demonstrate this. The Braun tube, created by the German inventor, was the first iteration of the CRT.
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what mass of cu(no 3 )2 would you need to make 450.0 ml of a 0.750 m solution
The mass of the Cu(NO₃)₂ would we need to make the 450.0 mL of a 0.750 M solution is 61.8 g.
The molarity of the Cu(NO₃)₂ =0.750 M
The volume of the Cu(NO₃)₂ = 450.0 mL = 0.450 L
The molarity expression is as :
Molarity = moles / volume
Moles = molarity × volume
Moles = 0.750 × 0.450
Moles = 0.33 mol
The moles = mass / molar mass
The mass of the Cu(NO₃)₂ = moles × molar mass
The mass of the Cu(NO₃)₂ = 0.33 × 187.5
The mass of the Cu(NO₃)₂ = 61 .8 g
thus, the mass of Cu(NO₃)₂ is 61.8 g.
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Which is the limiting reactant when 5. 00 g of h2 and 10. 0 g of o2 react and form water?.
When 5.00 g of H₂ and 10.0 g of O₂ react and form water, the limiting reactant is H₂.
Reagents that are fully consumed during the course of a chemical reaction are known as limiting reagents. They might also be referred to as limiting reactants or agents. The stoichiometry of chemical processes states that a specific number of reactants must be present for the reaction to be completed.
The reaction showing the combination of hydrogen and oxygen to form water is as shown:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
The limiting reactant would be hydrogen because it runs out twice as quickly as oxygen.
Because it restricts the reaction rather than allowing it to proceed hypothetically, the limiting reagent or reactant is crucial because it can inform a chemist that only x moles of compounds can occur when the ideal quantity is employed with how much of this substance is used.
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For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure decreases.
Yes, this relationship is described by Boyle's Law.
Key points on Boyle's Law:
Boyle's Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, provided that the temperature remains constant.This means that as the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases, and vice versa.The law was named after the Irish chemist and physicist Robert Boyle, who first published it in 1662.Boyle's Law is based on experiments in which the volume of a gas was measured at different pressures. It was found that the product of the pressure and volume of the gas remained constant for a given amount of gas at a constant temperature.Mathematically, Boyle's Law can be represented as PV = k, where P is the pressure of the gasV is its volumek is a constant.Boyle's Law has important implications for many real-world applications, including the design of gas storage tanks, the operation of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, and the understanding of atmospheric pressure.
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What gae are obtained at the two electrode when electrolyi of acidulated water i done in lab?
During the electrolysis of acidulated water, the water molecules are decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen gas at the electrodes.
Electrolysis is a process where an electric current is passed through a substance to produce a chemical reaction. This process uses electrical energy to break down the chemical bonds in the substance, resulting in the formation of new substances.
In the case of electrolysis of aqueous solutions, the solution is composed of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions). The cations are attracted to the cathode, while the anions are attracted to the anode. At the cathode, cations are reduced, meaning they gain electrons, while at the anode, anions are oxidized, meaning they lose electrons.
In a laboratory setting, the electrolysis of acidulated water (water with added acid) typically involves the use of two electrodes, an anode, and a cathode. During the electrolysis, the water molecules are decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen gas at the electrodes.
At the anode, the electrode where oxidation takes place, water molecules undergo oxidation to release hydrogen ions (H+) and oxygen (O2). The hydrogen ions are reduced to form hydrogen gas (H2), which is released at the anode. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) of the anode reaction can be represented as:
2H2O (l) → O2 (g) + 4H+ (aq) + 4e-
At the cathode, the electrode where reduction takes place, hydrogen ions are reduced to form hydrogen gas (H2). The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) of the cathode reaction can be represented as:
2H+ (aq) + 2e- → H2 (g)
Therefore, During the electrolysis of acidulated water, the water molecules are decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen gas at the electrodes.
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in which direction does the equilibrium lie in the acid-base reaction below? equilibrium lies towards the
Equilibrium lies towards the weaker side having weaker base and weaker acid.
Because equilibria favour the reaction side with the lowest-energy species, acid-base reactions will benefit the side with the weakest acids and bases because weak acids and bases have lower energies than strong acids and bases. Typically, a reaction's equilibrium will favour the side with weaker acids and bases.
The equilibrium position will be less than one if the equilibrium concentration of the reactants is greater than the equilibrium concentration of the products. It is said that this equilibrium position lies to the left. The equilibrium position will be greater than one when the equilibrium concentration of the products is greater than the reactant concentration.
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which of the following sets of quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms) is not permitted? (3,1, 1,-1/2 ) (3,0, 1, 1/2 ) (4,3, 3,-1/2 ) (4,1, 1, 1/2 ) (3,3,0, 1/2 )
The correct response is d. It is not allowed to be using the helps to keep track of quantum numbers: n = 3, l - 3, ml = -2, and ms = -1/2.
What four things can we infer from quantum numbers?The energy the energetic status of an asteroid's electron is represented by quantum numbers. The figures represent the energy, magnetic moment, angular moment, and spin of an electron.
What exactly is a quantum number?Quantum numbers refer to the collection of digits used to express the location and energy of an electron within an atom. Quantum numbers come in four varieties: primary, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin general formula. Quantum numbers provide the value of the preserved quantities in a quantum system.
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why woukd path 2 require less energy than path 1
Activation energy is defined as the energy difference between the reactant and the maximum in the energy profile diagram.
From the graph, it is clear that Path 1 is at higher energy than path 2. Which implies that we need to provide more energy to the reactant in order to cross the energy barrier of path 1 as compared to path 2. Therefore, the reaction will occur through path 2 where less amount of energy will be used in order to overcome activation energy barrier.
As soon as this energy barrier is crossed, the reaction can occur easily to form product.
The given question is incomplete so the I have answered according to general knowledge.
The diagram of the path is attached in the image given below.
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Conider a ample of carbon tetrafluoride that contain 1. 01 × 10²⁴ atom of fluorine. Uing the formula CF₄ and that you have 1. 68 mole of F, determine what quantity in mole of carbon tetrafluoride are preent
The quantity in mole of carbon tetrafluoride are present is 0.84 moles CF₄
The simplest perfluorocarbon is tetrafluoromethane, sometimes referred to as carbon tetrafluoride or R-14 (CF₄). Tetrafluoromethane, as its IUPAC name suggests, is the perfluorinated equivalent of the hydrocarbon methane. It is also a haloalkane or halomethane, respectively. In addition to being a helpful refrigerant, tetrafluoromethane also a strong greenhouse gas. The carbon-fluorine bond's makeup gives it a very high bond strength.
To calculate mole of carbon tetrafluoride first we should write the valance reaction equation
C + 2F₂ → CF₄
From the give reaction we know that 1 mole of C requires 2 moles of F₂ to produce 1 mole of CF₄.
1. 68 moles of C will produce= 1/2 x 1.68 moles = 0.84 moles CF₄
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What is the actual mass of proton and neutron?
the actual mass of proton and neutron The simplest atoms are those of the element hydrogen, which only has atoms with one type of atom.
What exactly does a proton weigh?
The proton is a stable subatomic particle with a rest mass of 1.67262 1027 kg, or 1,836 times its mass of an electron, with a positive charge that is equal to one electron's charge in magnitude.
What exactly does a neutron weigh?
According to the atomic masses unit (u) scale, neutrons get a mass of 1.6749 1027 kg, or 940.6 MeV/c2 in MeV/c2.
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The actual mass of proton and neutron The simplest atoms are those of the element hydrogen, which only has atoms with one type of atom.
What exactly does a proton weigh?
The proton is a stable subatomic particle with a rest mass of 1.67262 1027 kg, or 1,836 times its mass of an electron, with a positive charge that is equal to one electron's charge in magnitude.
What exactly does a neutron weigh?
According to the atomic masses unit (u) scale, neutrons get a mass of 1.6749 1027 kg, or 940.6 MeV/c2 in MeV/c2.
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9. A very large helium filled balloon has a volume of 38.1 L and is at a high altitude where the
temperature is 0.00°C and the pressure is 471 torr. It is returned to the ground where the T is
24.0°C and its volume is now 22.9 L. What is the pressure on the ground?
Answer:
753 torr.
Explanation:
The pressure at the ground can be calculated using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.
First, we'll find n by using the fact that the number of moles is constant, n1V1 = n2V2. We'll use the ideal gas law to solve for P on the ground:
P = (nRT) / V = (n * R * (24 + 273.15) * 22.9) / 22.9 = (n * R * 297.15) / 22.9
Plugging in the initial values from the high altitude, we have:
n = (38.1 * 471) / (R * (0 + 273.15)) = (38.1 * 471) / (8.31 * 273.15)
So, finally:
P = (n * R * 297.15) / 22.9 = (38.1 * 471 * 8.31 * 297.15) / (22.9 * 273.15) = 753 torr
The pressure on the ground is 753 torr.
defend the assertion that all of life as we know it depends critically on the fact that the angle between the two hydrogen atoms in the water molecule is 104.5 and not 180
The assertion is based on the idea that the molecular geometry of water is important for its unique properties that are essential for life.
Water is a polar molecule, meaning that it has a positive and negative end due to the uneven distribution of electrons. The angle between the two hydrogen atoms in the water molecule contributes to the molecular geometry, which in turn determines the polar nature of the molecule. This polarity is responsible for many of water's unique properties, such as its high heat capacity, its ability to dissolve ionic and polar substances, and its high surface tension.
These properties are essential for life as we know it because they allow cells to regulate their internal environment, transport nutrients and waste, and maintain their shape and integrity. In addition, water's ability to dissolve ionic and polar substances makes it an ideal medium for chemical reactions, which are the basis of cellular metabolism and other biological processes.
In conclusion, the molecular geometry of water, including the angle between the two hydrogen atoms, is critical for the unique properties of water that are essential for life as we know it. If the angle between the hydrogen atoms was 180 degrees, water would have a different molecular geometry, which would result in different properties and potentially make life as we know it impossible.
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Which statement is true for two pieces of iron at the same temperature? Responses Heat flows from the larger object to the smaller object. Heat flows from the larger object to the smaller object. The total kinetic energy of their particles is equal. The total kinetic energy of their particles is equal. Heat flows from the object with higher potential energy to the object with lower potential energy. Heat flows from the object with higher potential energy to the object with lower potential energy. The average kinetic energy of their particles is the same.
The statement is true for two pieces of iron at the same temperature is the average kinetic energy of their particles is the same. Therefore, option D is correct.
What is kinetic energy ?Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, which can be seen as an object or subatomic particle moving. Kinetic energy exists in every moving object and particle.
Kinetic energy is demonstrated by a person walking, a soaring baseball, a crumb falling from a table, and a charged particle in an electric field.
The statement is true for two pieces of iron at the same temperature if their particles have the same average kinetic energy.
Thus, option D is correct.
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Select all intermolecular forces that contribute to creating a solution of KBr in H20. lon-dipole London Dispersion H-bonding Dipole-Dipole
The intermolecular forces that contribute to creating a solution of KBr in H20 are London Dispersion, H-bonding, and Dipole-Dipole. London-dipole forces are a type of London Dispersion force.
Intermolecular forces are the attractive and repulsive forces that exist between molecules. These forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces, London dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding, and dipole-dipole interactions.
Van der Waals forces are weak and short-range, while London dispersion forces are weak but long-range. Hydrogen bonding is strong and short-range, while dipole-dipole interactions are strong but long-range. These forces are responsible for many of the physical properties of substances, such as boiling point, melting point, and vapor pressure.
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What is the molar mass of acetic acid (CH3COOH)?
The molar mass of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) can be calculated by adding up the atomic masses of its constituent atoms. It is found out to be 60 g/mol.
The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms it is comprised of. It gives the amount of substance present in 1 mole of the compound.
The atomic masses of atoms comprising a molecule of acetic acid are as follows:
Carbon (C) - 12 g/mol
Hydrogen (H) - 1 g/mol
Oxygen (O) - 16 g/mol
Therefore, substituting the values of the constituent atoms, we get the molar mass of acetic acid as:
Molar mass of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) = (2 × atomic mass of C) + (4 × atomic mass of H) + (2 × atomic mass of O)
= (2×12) + (4×1) + (2×16)
= 24 + 4 + 32 = 60 g/mol
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trap?Group of answer choicesAnticline.Syncline.Fault.Anticline and fault.Syncline and fault.
A trap is a geological feature that can catch and store oil and gas. In the area of petroleum geology, the phrase "trap" is frequently employed. Because a trap.
is often generated by a mix of anticline and fault structures, the correct response is "Anticline and fault." An anticline is a sort of fold in rock strata that generates a ridge-like structure as it arches higher. A syncline is the inverse, a downward-dipping fold that generates a trough-like shape. A fault is a crack in the earth's crust caused by the movement of two pieces of rock relative to each other. When an anticline meets a fault, it forms a trap by establishing a barrier that can capture and collect material. A trap is a geological feature that can catch and store oil and gas. In the area of petroleum geology, the phrase "trap" is frequently employed. Because a trap.
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What is the volume of a 2.5 g block of metal if its density is 4.75 g/cm3?
A) 0.53 cm3 B) 1.9 cm3 C) 2.5 cm3 D) 4.75 cm3 E) 11.9 cm3
The volume of a 2.5 g block of metal if its density is 4.75 g/cm3 is 0.53 cm3.
What is the meaning of density of metal?
Density of metal is a measure of the mass of a unit volume of a material. It is typically expressed in units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). It is an important property of metal as it can be used to determine many characteristics such as strength, malleability, ductility, and electrical conductivity. The density of different metals can vary significantly. For example, the density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm³, iron is 7.87 g/cm³, and lead is 11.34 g/cm³.
mass = 2.5g
D = 4.75 g/cm^3
4.75 g/cm^3 = 2.5g / V
To solve for V, multiply by V on both sides and then divide by 4.75
You get V = 2.5 g / 4.75 g/cm^3
V = .526 cm^3
Therefore, option (A) 0.53 cm3 is the correct answer.
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A gram of cola contains about 39 grams of sucrose, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁. How many moles of sucrose does this represent?
Choose matching term
1. 0.11 mol
2. 0.16 mol
3. 0.111 mol
4. 0.12 mol
The moles of 39 grams sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) does represent in a gram of cola is 0.11 moles. The correct answer is 3.
How to determine the mole?Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³) of atoms and molecules is used to estimate material concentrations as moles (mol).
Chemical reactions depend on the mole unit and the capacity to transform masses in grams to moles. By dividing the mass in g by the molar mass, which results in the amount in moles, one can determine the number of moles of a substance present in a sample.
Hence,
Sugar molecule mass:
= (12 x 12) + (22 x 1) + (11 x 16)
= 342 gr/mol
Moles of sucrose = mass / molar mass
= 39 / 342
= 0.11 moles
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When 13. 95 ml of hcl of unknown concentration (but less than that of the base) are reacted with 13. 00 ml of 2. 08 m naoh, 1. 51 kj of heat are released. What is the molarity of the hcl solution?.
The solution volume of HCl is 13.91 mL and the volume and concentration of NaOH are 15.00 mL and 3.161 M, respectively. Then the required acid concentration is 3.409 M
HCl and NaOH react, then the reaction can be written as follows:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
Acids and bases are in a 1:1 mole ratio, which means we can use the following formula:
MaVa = MbVb
with:
Ma = molarity of the acid
Va = volume of acid
Mb = base molarity
Vb = base volume
So, to calculate the molarity of HCl is:
Ma = MbVb/Va
Ma = (3.161)(15.00)/ 13.91
Ma = 3.409 M
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how many mol of pcl5 are in 0.17 g of pcl5?
To determine the number of moles of PCl₅ in 0.17 g of PCl₅, we need to use the molar mass of PCl₅. From this, there are approximately 0.000816 moles of PCl₅ in 0.17 g of PCl5.
The molar mass of PCl₅ can be calculated by summing the atomic masses of its constituent elements: phosphorus (P) and chlorine (Cl).
Molar mass of PCl₅:
P: 1 atom × atomic mass of P = 1 × 30.97 g/mol = 30.97 g/mol
Cl: 5 atoms × atomic mass of Cl = 5 ×35.45 g/mol = 177.25 g/mol
Total molar mass of PCl₅ = 30.97 g/mol + 177.25 g/mol = 208.22 g/mol
Now, we can calculate the number of moles using the given mass and molar mass:
Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass
Number of moles = 0.17 g / 208.22 g/mol
Calculating the value:
Number of moles ≈ 0.000816 moles
Therefore, there are approximately 0.000816 moles of PCl₅ in 0.17 g of PCl₅.
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Which one of the following is NOT basic?
a) OH-
b) NO3-
c) NH3
d) SO4^-2
e) HPO4 ^-2
And explain why
The one from the following is not the basic is the correct option is b) NO₃⁻.
a) The hydroxide ion (OH⁻) is the strong base and is formed by the loss of the proton by H₂O.
b) The nitrate ion is the conjugate base of the nitric acid (HNO₃). It is formed when the nitric acid loses a proton. The nitric acid is a very strong acid, and its conjugate base is weak base.
c) NH₃ that is Ammonia is the moderately basic with the pH value of the 11.6.
d) SO₄²⁻ this basic in nature.
e) HPO₄⁻ the is basic in nature.
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How many mLs of 4.0 M Sucrose solution and water do you need to make 10 mLs of
a) a 0.9 M and
b) 0.4 M Sucrose solution?
a)We need 2.25 mL of 4.0 M Sucrose solution and 7.75 mL of water to make 10 mL of a 0.9 M Sucrose solution.
b)We need 1 mL of 4.0 M Sucrose solution and 9 mL of water to make 10 mL of a 0.4 M Sucrose solution.
a)To make 10 mL of a 0.9 M Sucrose solution, we need to calculate the amount of 4.0 M Sucrose solution and water required:
Let's call the volume of 4.0 M Sucrose solution used in the solution "x".
Since the concentration of the final solution is 0.9 M, the number of moles of sucrose in the final solution is:
[tex]0.9 M * 10 = 9 * 10^-3[/tex] moles
Since the initial concentration of the sucrose solution is 4.0 M, the number of moles of sucrose in the initial solution is:
[tex]4.0 M * 1 = 4x * 10^-^3[/tex] moles.
Since the number of moles of sucrose must remain constant, we can equate the two:
[tex]9 * 10^-^3 = 4x * 10^-^3[/tex]
x = 2.25 mL
b)Let's call the volume of 4.0 M Sucrose solution used in the solution "y".
Since the concentration of the final solution is 0.4 M, the number of moles of sucrose in the final solution is:
[tex]0.4 M * 10 = 4 x 10^-^3[/tex]
Since the initial concentration of the sucrose solution is 4.0 M, the number of moles of sucrose in the initial solution is:
[tex]4.0 M * y = 4y * 10^-^3[/tex]
Since the number of moles of sucrose must remain constant, we can equate the two:
[tex]4 * 10^-^3 = 4y * 10^-^3[/tex]
y = 1 mL
What is the C1V1 C2V2 formula?
Proportional sets. C1V1=C2V2 is used to calculate an unknown quantity where two solutions/mixtures are proportional
C1V1 = Concentration/amount (start) and Volume (start) C2V2 = Concentration/amount (final) and Volume (final)
What is the dilution formula called?
This process is known as dilution. We can relate the concentrations and volumes before and after a dilution using the following equation: M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ where M₁ and V₁ represent the molarity and volume of the initial concentrated solution and M₂ and V₂ represent the molarity and volume of the final diluted solution.
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the prescribing clinician orders aluminum hydroxide 20 ml po qid. the pharmacy sends aluminum hydroxide, 320 mg per 5 ml. how many mg will the patient receive per dose? mg. round to the nearest whole number if rounding needed. do not include unit of measurement in the answer.
Given that 2.4g is ordered and the accessible medication has 400 mg/5ml, the nurse should give 30ml of the medication.
Magnesium hydroxide sometimes referred to as Milk of Magnesia, is a magnesium salt that is frequently utilized in medical settings. Magnesium hydroxide is frequently used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acids and prevent indigestion and heartburn because it is mildly basic and non-toxic. Additionally, it has medical applications as a laxative, antiperspirant, sore therapy agent, and wastewater treatment. dosage recommended = 2.4 grams. You can get milligrams out of this by multiplying by 1000: The recommended dosage is (2.4 1000) mg. Dosage prescribed: 2400 mg The dosage of the drug is 400 mg/5 ml. Magnesium hydroxide is 400 mg available. Divide the available amount by 2400mg of magnesium hydroxide to get how many doses are required. The dosage is 2400 mg, 400 mg, and 5 ml. Size: 30 ml.
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Please answer with a correct answer!!! thank you so much
The order in which amino acids are linked in peptides is given
a. from the C-terminal to the N-terminal end
b. from the N-terminal to the C-terminal end
c. in alphabetical order
d. in order of increasing molecular weights of the amino acid residues
Option b. from the N-terminal to the C-terminal end. A peptide is a molecule composed of two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
The order in which these amino acids are linked together determines the sequence of the peptide. The amino acid at one end of the peptide is referred to as the N-terminal (amino) end, and the amino acid at the other end is referred to as the C-terminal (carboxyl) end. When a peptide is synthesized, the amino acids are added to the molecule one by one, starting from the N-terminal end and proceeding toward the C-terminal end. This means that the sequence of amino acids in a peptide is from the N-terminal end to the C-terminal end. This information is critical for understanding the structure and function of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.
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Polyester has properties similar to nylon except it is easily broken down by light and concentrated acid.
What are the uses of magnesium hydroxide?
Magnesium hydroxide is used to treat occasional constipation in children and adults on a short-term basis .
What are compounds ?
A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. They differ from mixtures consisting of two or more substances physically mixed without chemical bonding. Compounds have their own physical and chemical properties that differ from those of individual elements. For example, the compound water (H2O) has different properties (boiling point, density, solubility, etc.) than its components hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2 ).
Compounds are formed by chemical reactions in which atoms of different elements combine to form new substances. The formation of a compound can be represented by a chemical formula that indicates the type and number of atoms in the compound.
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What are the general properties of acids?
The general properties of acids are:
They are sour in taste.Metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas.Acids react with bases.Acids have a pH lower than 7.What are the 3 most important acids?
1. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
2. Nitric acid (HNO3)
3. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Acids typically have a sour taste, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, react with bases to produce salts and water, are corrosive to many materials, have a pH lower than 7, and can donate protons (H+ ions). Metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas because the hydrogen ions in the acid replace some of the metal ions in the metal, thus forming hydrogen gas. Acids react with bases to produce salts and water as a result of the reaction between the hydrogen ions in the acid and the hydroxide ions in the base. Acids have a pH lower than 7 because the hydrogen ions in the acid increase the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution. Finally, acids can donate protons (H+ ions) because the hydrogen ions in the acid can be released from the acid and transferred to another molecule.
Therefore, Acids are sour in taste, Metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas, Acids react with bases, and Acids have a pH lower than 7.
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construct a three‑step synthesis of 1,2‑epoxycyclopentane from bromocyclopentane by dragging the appropriate formulas into the bins. note that each bin should hold only one item, and not all of the given reagents or structures will be used.
(1) Bromination, (2) E2 elimination, and (3) epoxidation is formed by 1,2‑epoxycyclopentane from bromocyclopentane by dragging the appropriate formulas into the bin.
Step 1: Bromocyclopentane is reacted with hydrobromic acid and silver oxide to produce 1,2‑dibromocyclopentane.
Step 2: 1,2‑dibromocyclopentane is then reacted with a base, such as sodium hydroxide, to produce 1,2‑epoxycyclopentane.
Step 3: Finally, the 1,2‑epoxycyclopentane is reacted with aqueous acid to form 1,2‑epoxycyclopentane.
Bromocyclopentane responds with sodium methoxide to frame tertiary liquor, sulfated with sulfuric acid, then treated with base to yield 1,2-epoxy cyclopentane.
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the enantiomer of thalidomide that causes developmental defects is______
The thalidomide catastrophe led to stricter rules for medication approval in numerous nations. Thalidomide is a racemic combination of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers and exists in two mirror-image forms. The (S)-isomer is teratogenic, whereas the (R)-enantiomer has sedative properties.
What enantiomer of thalidomide causes defects?Enantiomer theory enters the picture at this point. The thalidomide molecule can be found in two different forms in nature, (R)-thalidomide and (S)-thalidomide, which are enantiomers, or molecules that are mirror images of one another.
While the (S)-form is a teratogen, an agent that can result in birth abnormalities, the (R)-form possesses therapeutic qualities.
Therefore, It is extremely difficult and dangerous to isolate pure (R)- thalidomide because the two enantiomers of the drug regularly interconvert in the body to create a mixture that contains both enantiomers.
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which toxic substance is often used to extract gold and results in harmful environmental effects?
Gold is frequently extracted using cyanide, which has harmful impacts on the environment.
One of the most harmful businesses in the world is the gold mining one. Communities may be uprooted, drinking water may become contaminated, and beautiful ecosystems may be destroyed. It endangers human health and ecosystems via cyanide and mercury pollution of water and land.
Because cyanide is so poisonous, its discharge into the environment poses serious threats to both human health and the ecosystem. Cyanide leaks have damaged agricultural fields, caused significant fish deaths, and poisoned drinking water sources.
Additionally, tailings, which are the primary wastes generated during the extraction of gold, are highly contaminated with heavy metals (HM). When these metals come into contact with water or are spread by the wind, they leak out uncontrollably into the environment.
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