The speed she must have at point 3, so that the normal force at the top has the same magnitude as it did at the bottom is 19 m/s.
What is the speed of the driver?
The speed she must have at point 3, so that the normal force at the top has the same magnitude as it did at the bottom is calculated as follows;
mv₁²/r + mg = mv₃²/r - mg
v₁²/r + g = v₃²/r - g
v₃² - rg = r ( v₁²/r + g )
v₃² = v₁² + rg + rg
v₃² = v₁² + 2gr
v₃ = √ ( v₁² + 2gr )
where;
v₃ is the speed at point 3r is the radius of the pathg is acceleration due to gravityv₃ = √ ( 17² + 2 x 9.8 x 3.6)
v₃ = 19 m/s
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ing Figure 8.9 Explain the following using F= ma a A racing car has a powerful engine and is made of e le strong but lightweight material. b A car with a small engine can still accelerate rapidly.
The acceleration is inversely related to the mass of the engine.
Why does the small engine car accelerate rapidly?
We have to note that we must look at the law that have been stated by Newton for the motion of an object. That law states that the relationship between the force that is acting on the object and the acceleration of the object can be given by the formula; F = ma
F = force of the object
m = mass of the object
a= acceleration of the object
It then follows that;
a = F/m
The larger the mass, the lesser the object would accelerate.
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50m
2. Normie Neutron swings a rubber ball attached to a string over his head in a
horizontal, circular path. The piece of string is 1.5 m long and the ball makes 120
complete turns each minute.
a) What is the average velocity of the ball?
b) What is the ball’s centripetal acceleration?
The requried, a. average velocity = 9.42 meters/second and b. the ball's centripetal acceleration is 59.11 meters/second².
What is velocity?Velocity is defined as the rate of change in the position of an object with respect to time.
a) The average velocity of the ball can be found by dividing the total distance traveled by the time taken.
average velocity = total distance/time taken
average velocity = (3π meters/turn) x (120 turns/minute) x (1/60 minutes/second)
average velocity = 9.42 meters/second
b) The ball's centripetal acceleration is given by the formula a = v^2/r, where v is the velocity of the ball and r is the radius of the circular path.
a = v²/r
a = (9.42 m/s)² / 1.5 m
a = 59.11 m/s²
Therefore, the ball's centripetal acceleration is 59.11 meters/second².
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a child rides on a merry-go-round, traveling from location a to location d at a constant speed. what is the direction of the child's average velocity between a and d? take the origin to be the center of the merry-go-round.
The direction of the child's average velocity between locations A and D on the merry-go-round will be in the direction of the displacement of the child, which is the change in position from location A to location D.
If the child is traveling at a constant speed, the average velocity will be in the same direction as the actual velocity at any given moment. The actual velocity of the child is always tangent to the circular path of the merry-go-round, and so the average velocity will also be tangent to the circular path. This means that the direction of the average velocity will be perpendicular to the line connecting the origin (center of the merry-go-round) to the position of the child.
The direction of the average velocity depends on the direction of the child's movement along the circular path of the merry-go-round.
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The fact that we always see the same face of the moon tells us that the moon:________
The fact that we always see the same face of the moon tells us that the moon has synchronous rotation.
This means that the moon rotates on its axis at the same rate that it orbits the Earth, that the same side always faces us.
The reason for this is thought to be due to gravitational tidal forces from the Earth, which slowed down the moon's rotation and eventually caused it to become locked in this synchronous rotation.
As a result, the same side of the moon is always visible from the Earth, while the far side is hidden and only visible from spacecraft that have traveled to the moon. This has led to a wealth of scientific discoveries and a greater understanding of the moon's history and evolution.
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two clean, parallel glass plates (hydrophilic) are placed 1.5 mm apart and dipped into the water. what height will the meniscus inside the plates reach?
Meniscus height is [tex]9.79 * 10^-3[/tex] m which can be calculated by relation between surface tension, liquid density and acceleration due to gravity.
It is given that d = 1.5 mm
Meniscus height can be calculated as:
h = [tex](2T)/dPg[/tex]
where T: Surface Tension
P: Liquid density
g = 9.8 [tex]m/s^{2}[/tex]
T = [tex]72 * 10^-3 N/m[/tex] that is applicable to water
P = [tex]10^3 kg/m^3[/tex]
g = 9.8 [tex]m/s^2[/tex]
d = [tex]1.5 * 10^-3 m[/tex]
Plug these values in equation h = [tex](2T)/dPg[/tex]
h = [tex](2*72*10^-3 N/m)/(1.5*10^-3m * 10^3 kg/m^3 * 9.8 m/s^2)[/tex]
h = [tex]9.79 * 10^-3 m[/tex]
Therefore, meniscus height is [tex]9.79 * 10^-3[/tex] m
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suppose that you are listening to music playing from two sound speakers. one is emitting a harmonic wave y1 and the second is emitting a harmonic wave y2 . assume both waves produce an intensity i1 when they are on individually. what is the intensity at a point equidistan
The distinction between sounds of same pitch and volume is referred to as quality. By dividing the amount of energy transferred by the area covered, it transfers energy.
Which is greater, the wave's strength or the amount of energy it contains?The intensity of a sound wave is the quantity of energy that travels through a certain region of a medium in one unit of time. The speed with which energy is transferred through a medium depends on the amplitude of the vibrations of its constituent particles; the higher this rate, the more powerful the sound wave.
If two waves with the same amplitude move toward one another and finally overlap, what will happen?When the waves eventually overlap, a wave with twice the amplitude results. then proceed without being impacted by the interaction. The pulses are claimed to interfere, and interference is the term for this phenomena.
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What was the acceleration of the javelin during the throw? Assume that it has a constant acceleration. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. A javelin thrower standing at rest holds the center of the javelin behind her head, then accelerates it through a distance of 70 cm as she throws. She releases the javelin 2.0 m above the ground traveling at an angle of 30° above the horizontal Top-rated javelin throwers do throw at about a 30 angle, not the 45 you might have expected because the biomechanics of the arm allow them tothrow the javelin much faster at 30 °than they would be able to at 45. In this throw, the javelin hits the ground 55 m awayRequired:What was the acceleration of the javelin during the throw? assume that it has a constant acceleration?
Let the speed with which the javelin was thrown be u Angle of throw (θ) = 30°,Vertical acceleration (ay) = -9.8 m/s2,Distance over which the javelin was accelerated before throwing (S) = 70 cm = 0.7 m, a = 418.22 m/s2.
How is the javelin throw calculated?The throw's length is calculated by measuring it to the closest centimeter from the mark's location to the inner surface of the scratch line (the runway opposite of the line).The javelin mark that is closest to the scratching line should be where the zero side of the tape is placed.
What physical principles govern javelin throw?The drag force as well as the lift force are the forces pushing against the javelin as it moves.The lift force operates vertically to the axis of the flight, whereas the drag force generally functions as a resistive force or acts against the path of the flight.
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ANSWER ASAP:
Two sound waves arrive at the same place at the same time and become amplified. Which type of wave behavior is exhibited?
A, Diffraction
B, Refraction
C,Reflection
D, Interference
The wave behavior exhibited will be diffraction. Then the correct option is A.
What is the Diffraction?Diffraction is the interfering or twisting of waves via an aperture into the area that is geometrically in the shadow of the obstruction or aperture. Effectively, the wave's secondary data collection is the diffracting element or aperture.
Diffraction is the technique by which a wavelength of light or other wave system is dispersed as a result of passing through a small aperture or across an edge. Usually, interference between the generated waveforms occurs in conjunction with diffraction.
Two sound waves arrive at the same place at the same time and become amplified.
The wave behavior exhibited will be diffraction.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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neutron diffraction, like x-ray diffraction, is useful in some kinds of structure determinations. what is the de broglie wavelength of a neutron (mass
The neutron's de Broglie wavelength is 75 pm, or = h/mv, where is the neutron's de Broglie wavelength, h is Planck's constant, m is its mass, and v is its velocity.
What can be determined using neutron diffraction?A crystallographic technique called neutron diffraction (ND) is utilised to ascertain the atomic and/or magnetic structure of certain materials (Howard and Kennedy, 1994).
How is radiation from neutrons measured?Using the induced activity method and a helium chamber, the neutron measurements were carried out. Measurements of the energy spectra of gamma emitted in decays of the generated nuclei were used to identify the radioisotopes produced during emission of the therapeutic beams.
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Our solar system is in the Milky Way galaxy. In another galaxy a planet, P, has a circular orbit equal to that of the Earth's, that is, the orbits have the same radius. The masses of the suns in the two galaxies are Sg and Sp respectively and planet P completes its orbit in half the time it takes the Earth. (i) Show that the mass of the Sun in the Earth's orbit is four times the mass of the sun in Planet P's orbit.
(ii)Show that the period of the planet, P, is given by T = 2₁√ √/GM₂ where Mp is the mass of the planet and r the radius of the orbit
3-i) an unknown mass of m kg attached to the end of an unknown spring of k n/m has a natural frequency of 45 hz. when an additional 0.47 kg mass is added to m, the natural frequency is lowered to 41 hz. determine the unknown mass m (in kg) and the spring constant k (in n/m).
The equation f = 1/(2)* sqrt(k/m) can be used to determine the natural frequency of a spring-mass system. Thus, the spring constant is around 95.6 N/m, and the unknown mass is roughly 0.163 kg.
When a physical system is disrupted from its equilibrium state and allowed to move freely, it will oscillate at a frequency known as its natural frequency. The natural frequency of a spring-mass system is dependent on both the mass of the item and the spring's spring constant. The system's behaviour in reaction to various disturbances can be predicted using the natural frequency. For instance, if the system is subjected to an external force at or near its natural frequency, resonance will occur, causing the system to oscillate with a considerable amplitude. Natural frequencies are crucial in a variety of disciplines, such as physics, acoustics, and mechanical engineering.
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bringing your thumb and index together in a pinching motion (for zooming in and out) is an example of
Bringing your thumb and index together in a pinching motion (for zooming in and out) is an example of gesture.
A gesture is a movement of the hand, arms, or other body part that is intended to indicate or emphasize something, often when speaking. In other words, gestures are body movements that express something. For example, a wave of the hand is a common gesture used to say hello to someone.
Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with body language in addition to words when they speak.
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a barge 20 ft wide and 40 ft long is loaded with rocks as shown. assume that the center of gravity of the rocks and barge is located along the centerline at the top surface of the barge. if the rocks and the barge weigh 400,000 lbf, will the barge float upright or tip over?
According to the hydrodynamic stability, the metacentric height is positive. Thus, the barge is will float stable.
Draft= W / Aρ
Here weight of barge is W, area of the barge is A, and density of water is ρ.
Substitute 400,000 lbf for W, 20 ft for l, 40 ft for b, and 62.4 lbf ft³.
Draft= 400000 / (lxb)×624
= 400000/(20×40)×62.4
= 8.0128ft
≈ 8ft
Thus, the depth of draft is 8.0 ft. Hence, it is satisfactory.
Determine the metacentric height (GM) using the formula:
GM= I/v - C.G
=. bxd³/12 / (hxbxd) - (h - h/2)
Here, moment of inertia is I, volume of the barge is V, center of gravity is CG, and height is h, width is b, and depth is a respectively.
Substitute 20 ft for d, 40 ft for b, 4.0 ft for C.G, and 8.0 ft for h
40x20³/12 / (8.0x40x20) - (8.0- 8.0/2)
=4.167-4.0
= 0.167 ft
Thus, the metacentric height is 0.167 ft.
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as i slide a box at constant speed up a frictionless slope, pulling parallel to the slope, the tension in the rope will be:
The strain in the rope will be less than the weight of the box when I pull parallel to the hill while sliding a box up it at a consistent speed.
We can observe from the preceding figure that the sine component of weight balances the tension force. Additionally, because the box is travelling at a constant speed, the block experiences no acceleration, and as a result, there is no net force acting on the block. (The block is in static equilibrium, for example) The force balancing equation may be written as T - mgsin0 =0=T= mgsin0 (a) The amount of strain won't be more than it would be if the box were stationary because there isn't any friction present in this situation.
(b,c,d) We may assume that the tension T will be smaller than the weight of the box since sin theta is between -1 and 1. Thus, the appropriate choice is (d)
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if it is 10:00 a.m. in miami, florida (eastern time zone), what time is it in los angeles, california, located 3 time zones to the west in the pacific time zone? question 7 options: 2 p.m. 8 a.m. 1 p.m. 7 a.m.
Miami is in the Eastern Time Zone, which is 3 hours ahead of the Pacific Time Zone. So, if it is 10:00 a.m. in Miami, it would be 7:00 a.m.
In Los Angeles, California. This can be calculated by subtracting the time difference of 3 hours from the time in Miami.
It's important to note that Daylight Saving Time (DST) is observed in some parts of the United States, including Florida but not California. During DST, the time is advanced by 1 hour to make better use of longer daylight hours. However, it is not specified whether DST is in effect for Miami in this question. If DST is in effect, then the time in Miami would be 9:00 a.m. instead of 10:00 a.m., and the time in Los Angeles would be 6:00 a.m.
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my 1956 chevy is currently an automatic but i want to make it a 5 speed manual /can i buy just a clutch pedal awing assembly or do i need to buy combo brake and clutch assembly kit?
My 1956 chevy is currently an automatic but I want to make it a 5-speed manual, You need to buy a combo brake and clutch assembly kit. This should include the clutch pedal, linkage, and other parts needed to make the conversion.
You need to make sure the engine and transmission are compatible with the new assembly. Depending on the model of the 1956 Chevy, you may also need to purchase a different flywheel, bell housing, and clutch to ensure proper compatibility.
In addition, you may need to make sure that the cross member and transmission mount are compatible with the new clutch and transmission. You will also need to bleed the clutch housing and lines to ensure that the brakes and clutch are working correctly. Additionally, you will need to make sure the shift linkage is correctly adjusted.
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a worker at the top of a 594-m-tall television transmitting tower accidentally drops a heavy tool. if air resistance is negligible, how fast (in m/s) is the tool going just before it hits the ground?
The tool is going at a speed of 339 m/s just before it hits the ground if air resistance is negligible.
The speed of the falling object just before it will hits the ground can be calculated using the equation of motion:
v = sqrt(2gh),
where by v is the final velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and h is the height of the tower (594 m).
So, v = sqrt(2 * 9.8 * 594) = sqrt(11,532.8) = 339 m/s.
Therefore, the tool is going at a speed of 339 m/s just before it hits the ground.
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of the two premises in the cause and effect argument for god's existence, skeptics are most likely to challenge the second premise. what five points (all from science) back the second premise up (the universe began to exist)?
The five points (all from science) to back the second premise up (The universe began to exist) are:
Einstein's theory of General Relativity
Galaxy seeds
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Expanding universe
Radiation echo
What is thermodynamics?
The four principles of thermodynamics, which give a quantitative description using quantifiable macroscopic physical variables but may be interpreted in terms of microscopic elements by statistical mechanics, regulate how these quantities behave. Physical chemistry, biochemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and other complicated subjects like meteorology are just a few of the topics in science and engineering where thermodynamics is relevant.To know more about thermodynamics, click the link given below:
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A block of wood is floating with one half of its volume out of the water. Then it is pushed down so that it is completely underneath the water. Use your understanding of buoyant force and Archimedes' principle to determine what happens to the forces on the block of wood.A. The buoyant force on the block is the same in the two cases because the weight per unit volume of the wood has not changed.B. The buoyant force on the block is the same in the two cases because the weight per unit volume of the water is the same in each case.C. The buoyant force on the block is greater when the block is completely submerged than it is when the block is floating.D. The buoyant force on the block is greater when it is floating than when it is totally submerged.E. The buoyant force on the block is the same in the two cases because the block loses weight as it is submerged.
Option D, Half of a chunk of wood floats on the surface of the sea. Then it is forced downward until it is submerged entirely.
Understand the effects of the forces on the block of wood using the concepts of buoyant force and Archimedes' principle.
A. Because the weight of the wood per unit volume has not changed, the buoyant force on the block is the same in the two scenarios.
B. Because the weight of the water per unit volume is the same in both situations, the buoyant force on the block is the same in both.
C. When a block is totally submerged, the buoyant force acting on it is stronger than when the block is just partially submerged.
D. When the block is floating, its buoyant force is stronger than when it is submerged.
E. Because the block loses weight as it is submerged, the buoyant force on it is the same in both circumstances.
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what was the definition of a planet according to copernicus? group of answer choices an object that orbits the sun. an object that wanders across the zodiac. an object that orbits a star, is massive enough to be round, and dominates its orbital region.
Each one of the planets then known to exist were said to revolve around the Sun, not really the Earth, according to Copernicus' theory that the Solar system was the solar system's center of gravity.
How was the planet formed?Around the young sun, 4.6 billion years ago, a mixture dust and gas gave rise to the Earth. It expanded as a result of numerous collisions with asteroids, dust particles, and other expanding planets, including one final massive impact that flung enough rock, ice, and dust into gravity to create the moon.
What is the name of the orbit's farthest point?The point in an object's orbit where it is farthest from the Sun is known as the aphelion in astronomy. Early in July, when Earth is in its aphelion,it has moved away from the Sun by around 4,800,000 kilometres (3,000,000 miles) since early January, when it was at its perihelion.
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an adiabatic closed system is accelerated from 0 m/s to 54 m/s. determine the specific energy change of this system, in kj/kg.
E=(v22-v12)/2 can be used to calculate the specific energy change from the change in velocity. Put the specified energy change (e=0.578 kJ/kg) to find the supplied values.
An adiabatic closed system is what?DEFINITION: A system is said to be adiabatic if no thermal energy (heat) crosses the boundaries (in practice, this is accomplished through the use of insulation, so this is often also called an "insulated" system).
How does the adiabatic process work in a closed system?
A gas-filled cylinder that is closed by a piston can roughly represent a closed adiabatic system. Now that the gas is being compressed swiftly, heat transfer to the environment may be disregarded, and for the duration of the compression, an approximative adiabatic system is formed.
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what do each of the 4 layers of the sun do
The four layers of the sun are the Core, the Radiative Zone, the Convective Zone and the Photosphere.
What do you mean by the Sun?
The Sun is the star at the center of our solar system, which is the source of light and heat for the planets in our system. It is a medium-sized star composed mainly of hydrogen and helium.
The four layers of the sun are:
1. The Core: The core is the innermost layer of the Sun and is made up of hot, dense plasma. It is the source of the Sun's energy, generating heat and light from the fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium.
2. The Radiative Zone: This layer lies between the core and the convective zone. It is responsible for transferring the heat generated in the core outward.
3. The Convective Zone: This layer lies between the radiative zone and the photosphere. It is responsible for convecting the heat generated in the core outward.
4. The Photosphere: This is the layer of the Sun that we see from Earth. It is the visible surface of the Sun and is responsible for emitting light and heat.
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what was the experimentally determined value of knag from the study described in the passage? 0.02 m-1 0.01 m-1 20 m-1 50 m-1
The experimentally determined value of knag from the study described in the passage is 50 as a slope.
Since, according to Equation 1, the slope of the graph in Figure 2 is the value of KNAG. The slope is [tex]\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}[/tex] =[tex]\frac{2 - 1}{0.020 - 0.00}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{0.020}[/tex] = 50.
Slope is calculated by dividing the "vertical change" by the "horizontal change" between any two distinct points on a line. The ratio can alternatively be expressed as a quotient, which yields the same result for any two separate locations on the same line ("rise over run"). A negative "rise" indicates a falling line. A road surveyor may judge that the line is useful, or it may show up in a diagram of a road or a roof as a description or a design. A line is said to be expanding if it climbs from left to right.
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compound light microscopes have an electric light source. you can regulate the amount of light that passes through the stage by turning or manipulating the .
A compound light microscope is a type of microscope that enlarges an item so that its details may be studied.
What is light?The electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye. At a constant speed of 299,792,458 meters per second, light moves through space with both wave-like and particle-like characteristics (in a vacuum).
A compound light microscope's major parts are an objective lens, mounted below the stage, which enlarges the image, and an eyepiece lens, mounted above the stage, which enlarges the image even more for the viewer.
A compound light microscope features an electric light source, which produces a constant and controllable amount of light, in contrast to conventional microscopes, which rely on natural light sources.
The amount of light that filters through the stage and the specimen can be adjusted by twisting a knob or moving a lever on this electric light source. This function is crucial since uneven lighting might make it difficult to see the specimen and generate glare and washed-out images.
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an intersection that has signals or signs to assign the right of way is called
a. a registered intersection.
b. an unregistered intersection.
c. a controlled intersection.
d. an uncontrolled intersection.
A controlled intersection is one that contains signals or signs to designate the right of way.
Describe signal.An electrostatic or electric current known as a signal is used to transfer information from one device or networks to another. Although it can sometimes take other dimensions, such as current, a signal in electronics frequently consists of a time-varying temperature that is also a electromagnet carrying information.
What characteristics do signals have?They can be deterministic or random, deterministic or agnostic, continuous or continuous time, both analog and digital, periodic or nonstationary, finite or infinite. They can also be separated into groups based on the causality and symmetry of those groups. An optimum impulse signal is one that is 0 everywhere else but infinitely high at the origin.
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a ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 11.0 m/s in the horizontal direction and 17.0 m/s in the vertical direction. (assume the ball is kicked from the ground.) (a) at what speed (in m/s) does the ball hit the ground?
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
maximum height attained= u²/2g
= 17²/2*10 m
= 14.45 m
speed on hitting the ground= √2gh
= √2*10*14.45 m/s
= 17m/s
hence it will hit the ground with same speed with which it was projected if we neglect the air resistance.
ball a has half the mass and eight times the kinetic energy of ball b. what is the speed ratio va/vb?
The speed ratio va/vb is equal to 4/1, assuming K₁ is the kinetic energy of ball a and K₂ is the kinetic energy of ball b.
When an object is moving, it gains kinetic energy. Kinetic is an adjective that means relating to motion. So, yeah, kinetic energy is the energy acquired by a moving object.
The equation for kinetic energy is K = 1/2 · m · v², where K is the kinetic energy, m is the mass, and v is the velocity (sometimes called "speed").
Suppose that K₁ is the kinetic energy of ball a and K₂ is the kinetic energy of ball b. Therefore, [tex]K_1/K_2 = 8K_1/K_2 = \frac{8\cdot 0.5(1/2m)(v^2)}{0.5(m)(v^2)}=\frac{2mv^2}{1/2mv^2}\:.[/tex]
Let the masses and the exponents be ignored. We're now left with 2va and 1/2vb (va = the velocity of ball a; vb = the velocity of ball b):
[tex]\frac{2mv^2}{1/2mv^2}=\frac{2va}{1/2vb}=\frac{4va}{vb}\:.[/tex]
The speed (velocity) ratio va/vb then is equal to 2/(1/2) or 4/1.
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the voltage produced by a generator is zero for some period of time for the ? -phase power system. the voltage falls to zero ? each cycle.
In a three-phase power system, the voltage produced by a generator may fall to zero for some period of time each cycle. This is normal and occurs as a result of the alternating nature of the power supply.
The voltage is periodically zero because it is a sinusoidal waveform, with equal positive and negative values, that completes one full cycle every 1/f second, where f is the frequency of the AC voltage.
Voltage, also known as electric pressure, electric tension, or (electric) potential difference, is the contrast in electric potential between two points.
In a static electric field, it relative to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between the two points.
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the advantage of a resistor is a higher power rating. a. wire-wound b. metal glaze c. carbon film d. metal film
The wire wound resistor has the highest power rating. Option a is the correct answer.
Resistors are the most fundamental and commonly used of all the electronic components, to the point where they are almost taken for granted but they play a vital role within a circuit.
A wirewound resistor is an electrical passive device that limits or restricts current flow in a circuit. Wirewound resistors are constructed using a conductive wire. The conductive wire is then wound around a non-conductive core.
Wire-wound Resistor have metallic bodies for heatsink mounting, very high wattage ratings.
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- how much of the 100 kj of thermal energy at 650 k can be converted to useful work? assume the environment to be at 25oc.
Out of the 100 kJ of thermal energy at 650 K, only 53.9 kJ, or 53.9%, can be converted to useful work. The remaining energy will be rejected to the environment as waste heat.
To determine how much of the 100 kJ of thermal energy at 650 K can be converted to useful work, we need to calculate the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures.
The maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between two temperatures T_hot and T_cold is given by:
efficiency = 1 - (T_cold / T_hot)
In this case, T_hot = 650 K and T_cold = 25 + 273 = 298 K. Substituting these values into the efficiency equation, we get:
efficiency = 1 - (298 / 650) = 0.539
Therefore, the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures is 0.539, or 53.9%.
To determine how much of the thermal energy can be converted to useful work, we can multiply the thermal energy by the maximum efficiency:
useful work = thermal energy x efficiency
useful work = 100 kJ x 0.539
useful work = 53.9 kJ
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