A 1.5-m-long aluminum rod must not stretch more than 1 mm and the normal stress must not exceed 40 MPa when the rod is subjected to a 4,5-kN axial load. Knowing that E= 70 GPa, determine the required diameter of the rod. The required diameter of the rod is 377 mm
To determine the required diameter of the aluminum rod, we can use the equation for normal stress in a prismatic bar under axial load:
σ = F / A
where σ is the normal stress, F is the axial load, and A is the cross-sectional area of the rod.
To ensure that the normal stress does not exceed 40 MPa, we can set the equation equal to 40 MPa and solve for the required cross-sectional area:
40 MPa = 4,500 N / A
Solving for A, we get:
A = 4,500 N / (40 MPa) = 0.1125 m^2
To ensure that the rod does not stretch more than 1 mm, we can use the equation for axial strain in a prismatic bar under axial load:
ε = ΔL / L
where ε is the axial strain, ΔL is the change in length, and L is the original length of the rod.
We can rearrange this equation to solve for the required change in length:
ΔL = ε * L = (1 mm) * (1.5 m)
= 0.0015 m
Using the equation for axial strain, we can also express the change in length in terms of the normal stress and the material's elastic modulus:
ε = σ / E
ΔL = ε * L = (σ / E) * L
Solving for the required cross-sectional area using this equation, we get:
A = (F * L) / (E * ΔL) = (4,500 N * 1.5 m) / (70 GPa * 0.0015 m) = 0.0893 m^2
Now that we have two equations for the required cross-sectional area, we can set them equal to each other and solve for the diameter:
A = π * d^2 / 4
d = sqrt(4A / π) = sqrt(4 * 0.1125 m^2 / π) = 0.377 m = 377 mm
Therefore, the required diameter of the aluminum rod is 377 mm.
To know more about Stress visit:
https://brainly.com/question/12871096
#SPJ4
Household electricity is supplied in the form of alternating current that varies from 155 V to -155 V with a frequency of 60 cycles per second (Hz). The voltage is thus given by the equation E(t) = 155 sin(120πt) where t is the time in seconds. Voltmeters read the RMS (root-mean-square) voltage, which is the square root of the average value of [E(t)]^2 over one cycle. Many electric stoves require an RMS voltage of 220 V. Find the corresponding amplitude A needed for the voltage E(t) = A sin(120πt).
The normal 110-volt household alternating current has a frequency of 60 Hz and ranges from +155 V to -155 V. (cycles per second).
What kind of current, capable of 120 direction changes per second, is used in home electrical outlets?The periodic direction change in the flow of electricity is referred to as alternating current. The voltage level consequently reverses as well as the current. To supply electricity to homes, offices, etc., AC is employed.
Why are home appliances linked in series rather than parallel toward the 120 V transmission line?Each appliance can be turned on and off separately when linked in a parallel configuration. This is a quality that every home's wiring must have. Each appliance receives a rating.
To know more about electricity visit :
https://brainly.com/question/8971780
#SPJ4
A constant horizontal force F is applied to a garden roller in the form of a uniform solid cylinder of radius R and mass M. If the roller rolls without sliding on the horizontal surface, show that (a) the acceleration of the center of mass is 2F / 3M and (b) the minimum coefficient of friction necessary to avoid slip is F / 3Mg. (Hint: take the moment regarding the center of mass).
(a) The acceleration of the center of mass is 2F / 3M.
(b) The minimum coefficient of friction necessary to avoid slip is F / 3Mg.
What is the center of mass?The amount of matter that is contained in a substance or object is measured by its mass, which is a physical attribute of matter. Although the two are different amounts, they are frequently mistaken for weight. A recognized reference, such as a standard mass, can be used to compare an object's mass, which is expressed in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). Because the center of mass is an inherent quality of an object, it is unaffected by location or gravitational influence. A key component of explaining the behavior of moving objects, as well as the characteristics of materials and the dynamics of the cosmos, is the concept of mass, which is basic to physics.
(a) Taking moments about the center of mass, we have:
F(R/2) - f(R/2) = 0
Simplifying, we get: f = F
Therefore, the acceleration of the center of mass can be found using the equation: F - f = Ma
where M is the mass of the roller, and a is the acceleration of the center of mass.
Substituting f = F, we get: F - F = Ma
Simplifying, we get: a = 2F/3M
Therefore, the acceleration of the center of mass is 2F/3M.
(b) To avoid slipping, the frictional force f must be greater than or equal to the force required to cause slipping, which is given by:
Fs = μsN
where μs is the coefficient of static friction, and N is the normal force.
The normal force is equal to the weight of the roller, which is Mg, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Substituting f = F and N = Mg, we get:
F ≥ μsMg
Dividing both sides by 3M, we get:
F/3M ≥ μs g
Therefore, the minimum coefficient of friction required to avoid slipping is F/3Mg.
To know more about the center of mass, check out:
https://brainly.com/question/28134510
#SPJ4
Match each type of energy with the correct definition.
Instructions
Chemical energy
Electrostatic energy
Thermal energy
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
- Energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules
- Energy stored in the structure of a compound
- Energy resulting from the interaction of charged particles
Chemical energy - Energy stored in the structure of a compound.
Electrostatic energy - Energy resulting from the interaction of charged particles.
Thermal energy - Energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules
Kinetic energy - Energy associated with the movement of an object.
Potential energy - Energy stored in an object due to its position are the definitions for various types of energy.
What is Thermal energy?Thermal energy (also known as heat energy) is the energy generated by the movement of molecules in a substance. This energy is released when the molecules of a substance vibrate, move, and interact.
Examples of thermal energy include the heat generated from a campfire, the warmth of the sun, and the heat produced by an electric heater.
Types of thermal energy include:
1. Radiant energy: This type of thermal energy is created by the sun and other heat sources that emit electromagnetic radiation and is transferred through space.
2. Conduction energy: This type of thermal energy is created when two objects that have different temperatures come into contact, and heat is transferred from the hotter object to the cooler object.
3. Convection energy: This type of thermal energy is created when hot air rises and cold air falls, causing movement of the air and heat transfer.
4. Adiabatic energy: This type of thermal energy is created when a gas or liquid is compressed or expanded, and heat is transferred as a result of the change in pressure.
To know more about Thermal Energy, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/934320
#SPJ4
Wind energy is increasingly relied upon to help meet global energy needs. Wind energy can able used to generate electricity using wind turbines.
Which of the following correctly identifies the sequence of energy conversions that occur in a wind turbine?
a. Kinetic Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electric Energy
b. Kinetic Energy -> Electric Energy -> Mechanical Energy
c. Electric Energy -> Kinetic Energy -> Mechanical Energy
The correct answer is option A: Kinetic Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electric Energy.
Wind energy is a form of kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. When the wind blows, it causes the blades of a wind turbine to rotate. This rotation converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is then used to turn a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electric energy. This electric energy can then be used to power homes and businesses.
In summary, the sequence of energy conversions that occur in a wind turbine is as follows:
1. Kinetic Energy (from the wind)
2. Mechanical Energy (from the rotation of the turbine blades)
3. Electric Energy (from the generator)
Therefore, the correct sequence of energy conversions that occur in a wind turbine is option A: Kinetic Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electric Energy.
To know more about electric energy, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/1580875#
#SPJ11
A ball is thrown up from the rooftop with an initial speed of 9m/s. 1.42s later, another ball is dropped from the rooftop.
Assuming that neither has landed, where and when do they meet?
What are their speeds when they meet?
The two balls will meet at a time of 1.42 seconds.
The speed of the balls when they meet are -6.476 m/s and 13.956 m/s respectively.
What position will the ball land?
To determine when and where the two balls meet, we can use the vertical motion equations.
The first ball is thrown upwards, so its motion is governed by the equation of motion:
h(t) = h0 + v0t - 1/2gt^2
where;
h(t) is the height of the ball at time t, h0 is the initial height (which is equal to the height of the rooftop), v0 is the initial velocity (9 m/s), t is the time elapsed since it was thrown, and g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s^2).The second ball is dropped from rest, so its initial velocity is zero and it follows the equation:
h(t) = h0 - 1/2gt^2
To find the time and place where the two balls meet, we need to find the time t at which their heights are equal. Setting the two equations equal to each other and solving for t, we find:
t = √((2v0) / g)
t = √((2 * 9) / 9.8) = 1.42 s
At this time, both balls have fallen the same distance, so they are at the same height. To find their speeds when they meet, we use their respective equations of motion and the time t found above.
The speed of the first ball at t = 1.42 s is:
v(t) = v0 - gt
= 9 m/s - 9.8 m/s * 1.42 s
= -6.476 m/s
The speed of the second ball at t = 1.42 s is:
v(t) = gt
= 9.8 m/s * 1.42 s
= 13.956 m/s
Learn more about speed here: https://brainly.com/question/6504879
#SPJ1
write an expression for the magnitude of the net force on the car as it is stopping in terms of the symbols given in the problem statement. IEF1 = (ms)/2 d
The expression for the magnitude of the net force on the car as it is stopping in terms of the symbols given in the problem statement is:
Fnet = (ms/2)d + ma.
The expression for the magnitude of the net force on the car as it is stopping can be found by considering the forces acting on the car. Let's assume that the car is moving to the right and is being stopped by a force acting to the left. According to Newton's second law of motion, the net force on an object is equal to the product of its mass and its acceleration. In this case, the car is slowing down, so its acceleration is negative (i.e., pointing to the left).
Let Fnet be the magnitude of the net force on the car, m be the mass of the car, and a be the acceleration of the car. The force IEF1 can be considered as an external force acting on the car. Therefore, we can write:
Fnet = IEF1 - ma
Substituting the given expression for IEF1 and the assumption that the acceleration is negative, we get:
Fnet = (ms/2)d - (-ma)
Simplifying the expression, we get:
Fnet = (ms/2)d + ma
Therefore, the expression for the magnitude of the net force on the car as it is stopping in terms of the symbols given in the problem statement is:
Fnet = (ms/2)d + ma
Here you can learn more about the magnitude
https://brainly.com/question/18506683
#SPJ4
A pulley uses a force of 27.2 Newtons to pull a pail of water from a well, that has a resistance of 399.8 Newtons. What is the mechanical advantage?
The value of the mechanical advantage is 14.69."
What is Mechanical Advantage?
To achieve the desired output force amplification, the gadget trades off input forces against movement. The law of the lever serves as a paradigm for this.
Mechanisms are machine parts made to control forces and motion in this way. An ideal transmission system does not increase or decrease power.
Mechanical advantage = F0 / Fi
= 399.8/ 27.2
= 14.69
Consequently, the ideal machine is devoid of a power source, frictionless, and built from inflexible materials that do not flex or wear. Efficiency factors that account for deviations from the ideal are used to represent how well a real system performs in comparison to the ideal. Mechanical advantage = 399.8 / 27.2. The mechanical advantage is 14.69.
Therefore, The value of the mechanical advantage is 14.69."
To learn more about mechanical advantage, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/16617083
#SPJ9
Find the magnitude E of the electric field at a distance r from the axis of the cylinder for r < r0. Remember that we've chosen the label l to represent the length of the cylindrical Gaussian surface. Express your answer in terms of some or all of variables rho, r, r0, l, and epsilon0. E = pr/2e0If you repeated your calculation from Part C for r = r0, you would find that the magnitude of the electric field on the surface of the rod is E surface = rho r0 / 2epsilon0 Now rewrite the expression for E surface in terms of lambda, the linear charge density on the rod. Express your answer in terms of lambda, r0, and epsilon0. Your answer should not contain the variable rho.
The electric field on the surface of the rod is : [tex]\lambda / 2\epsilon_0[/tex]
To express the electric field on the surface of the rod in terms of lambda, we can use the definition of linear charge density, which is the amount of charge per unit length.
If the total charge on the rod is Q and its length is L, then we can write:
[tex]\lambda = Q/L[/tex]
The total charge on the rod is also equal to the product of its linear charge density and length, i.e., [tex]Q = \lambda \times L.[/tex] Therefore, we can write:
[tex]E_{surface} = \rho r_0 / 2\epsilon0[/tex]
[tex]= (\lambda / \pi r_0^2) * \pi r0 / 2\epsilon_0 [using \rho = \lambda / \pi r_0^2]= \lambda / 2\epsilon_0[/tex]
Thus, we have expressed the electric field on the surface of the rod in terms of lambda, r0, and epsilon0.
This result shows that the electric field on the surface of the rod is proportional to the linear charge density of the rod and inversely proportional to the permittivity of free space.
Therefore, increasing the charge density of the rod or decreasing the permittivity of free space would result in a stronger electric field on the surface of the rod.
To know more about electric field visit:
brainly.com/question/14914962
#SPJ1
What is (Fnet3)X ( the x-component of the net force exerted by these two charges) on a third charge q3 = 51.0 nC placed between q1 and q2 at X3 = -1.195 m ?
We can use Coulomb's law to calculate the net force on q3 due to q1 and q2, and then take the x-component of that net force.
The force on q3 due to q1 is given by:
What is coulomb's law?F1 = k * (q1 * q3) / r1^2
where k is Coulomb's constant, q1 is the charge on q1, q3 is the charge on q3, and r1 is the distance between q1 and q3.
Similarly, the force on q3 due to q2 is given by:
F2 = k * (q2 * q3) / r2^2
where q2 is the charge on q2, and r2 is the distance between q2 and q3.
The net force on q3 is the vector sum of F1 and F2:
Fnet3 = F1 + F2
To find the x-component of Fnet3, we need to multiply the magnitude of Fnet3 by the cosine of the angle between Fnet3 and the x-axis. Since we are only interested in the x-component, we can use the x-components of F1 and F2:Fnet3,x = F1,x + F2,x
= (F1 * cos(theta1)) + (F2 * cos(theta2))
where theta1 is the angle between F1 and the x-axis, and theta2 is the angle between F2 and the x-axis.
The distances r1 and r2 can be calculated using the distance formula:
r1 = sqrt((X3 - X1)^2 + Y1^2)
r2 = sqrt((X3 - X2)^2 + Y2^2)
where X1 and X2 are the x-coordinates of q1 and q2, Y1 and Y2 are their y-coordinates, and X3 is the x-coordinate of q3.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
r1 = sqrt((-1.195 m - 0.250 m)^2 + 0^2) = 0.945 m
r2 = sqrt((-1.195 m + 0.250 m)^2 + 0^2) = 1.195 m
And we can use the x-component of the unit vector in the x-direction to get the cosine terms:cos(theta1) = 1/sqrt(2)
cos(theta2) = -1/sqrt(2)
Plugging in all the values, we get:F1 = (9.0 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) * (-2.40 nC * 51.0 nC) / (0.945 m)^2 = -2.275 x 10^-4 N
F2 = (9.0 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) * (3.60 nC * 51.0 nC) / (1.195 m)^2 = 1.482 x 10^-4 N
Fnet3,x = (F1 * cos(theta1)) + (F2 * cos(theta2))
= (-2.275 x 10^-4 N * 1/sqrt(2)) + (1.482 x 10^-4 N * -1/sqrt(2))
= -3.98 x 10^-5 N
Therefore, the x-component of the net force on q3 is -3.98 x 10^-5 N.
To know more about coulomb's law , check out:
https://brainly.com/question/506926
#SPJ4
in an operating circuit with two resistors and a rheostat in series with a dc power supply, what happens to the voltage reading across the rheostat isf the rheostat's resistance is decreased
Voltage across rheostat is equal to the current flowing through it multiplied by its resistance, according to Ohm's law. Since the current increases and the resistance decreases, the voltage across the rheostat will decrease.
In a series circuit consisting of two resistors and a rheostat, the total resistance of the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. The voltage across each component of the circuit is proportional to its resistance, according to Ohm's law.
If the resistance of the rheostat is decreased, the total resistance of the circuit decreases. Since the voltage of the power supply is fixed, the current flowing through the circuit must increase to maintain the same total power. This means that the voltage across the other components of the circuit, including the two fixed resistors, will increase.
The voltage across the rheostat is equal to the current flowing through it multiplied by its resistance, according to Ohm's law. Since the current increases and the resistance decreases, the voltage across the rheostat will decrease. This effect can be used to control the voltage and current in a circuit by adjusting the resistance of the rheostat.
Learn more about voltage here:
https://brainly.com/question/13521443
#SPJ4
A free electron is suspended in an electric field near the surface of the Earth.a. Give an expression for the magnitude of this electric field assuming the electron is stationary, in terms of the mass me� and charge e of the electron, and the gravitational acceleration g.b. What is the magnitude of this electric field, in N/C, assuming the electron is stationary?c. What does the small value for this field imply regarding the relative strength of the gravitational and electrostatic interaction?
a. The expression for magnitude of this electric field assuming the electron is stationary, in terms of the mass me, charge e of the electron, and the gravitational acceleration g is E = m g/q.
b. Magnitude of electric field is calculated to be 5.59 × 10⁻¹¹ N/C.
c. The small value for this field implies that the gravitational and electrostatic interaction are relatively weak.
a. We know that, Fe = Fg
where,
Fe is electrostatic force
Fg is gravitational force
Fe = Fg
q E = m g
where,
q is charge
m is mass
E is electric field
g is gravity
So, the expression of electric field is E = m g/q
b. E = m g/q = (9.11× 10⁻³¹)(9.81)/(1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹) = 55.86 × 10⁻¹² N/C
c. The small value of electric field indicates that the force is relatively very weak between the gravitational and electrostatic interactions.
To know more about electrons:
https://brainly.com/question/12324569
#SPJ4
a 95% confidence interval for the mean blood cholesterol level m is 80.2 to 89.8. which of the following would cause the most worry about the validity of this interval?
None of the options would cause the most worry about the validity of this interval. Option e is the correct answer.
Option c would cause the most worry about the validity of the 95% confidence interval. This is because the confidence interval is calculated using the sample standard deviation and the t-distribution, assuming that the population standard deviation is unknown.
If the population standard deviation is significantly different from the sample standard deviation, the confidence interval may not accurately reflect the population mean. Therefore, options a, b, d, and e are not a problem for the validity of the interval.
To know more about the standard deviation, here
brainly.com/question/23907081
#SPJ4
--The complete question is, Scientists collect data on the blood cholesterol levels (milligrams per deciliter of blood) of a random sample of 25 laboratory rats. A 95% confidence interval for the mean blood cholesterol level μ is 80.2 to 89.8. Which of the following would cause the most worry about the validity of this interval?
a. There is a clear outlier in the data
b. A stem-plot of the data shows a mild right skew
c. You do not know the population standard deviation σ
d. The population distribution is not exactly Normal.
e. None of these are a problem when using t-interval--
A computer hard disk 8.0 cm in diameter is initially at rest. A small dot is painted on the edge of the disk. The disk accelerates at 600 rad/s2 for 1/2 s, then coasts at a steady angular velocity for another 1/2 s.
What is the speed of the dot at t = 1.0 s?
Through how many revolutions has the disk turned?
One revolution is equal to 360 degrees, so the disk has completed 1/4 of a revolution or 0.25 revolutions.
We can use the fact that the angle rotated during the entire 1.0 s period is 90 degrees to calculate the number of revolutions completed. Disk accelerates at a rate of:
[tex]600 rad/s^2 for 1/2 s[/tex]
ω = ω0 + αt,(ω is the final angular velocity, ω0 is initial angular velocity, α is angular acceleration, t is the time). The angular velocity remains constant at 300 rad/s. Using the equation
θ = ω0t + 1/2 αt^2,
Now, v = rω, ( v is linear speed of dot, r is radius of disk (which is half its diameter, or 4.0 cm), and ω is the angular velocity.
[tex]t = 1.0 s = 120 cm/s.[/tex]
To know more about angular velocity, here
https://brainly.com/question/30733452
#SPJ4
What is the first statement of Kepler's first law?
The first statement of Kepler's first law is: "The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci."
Kepler's first law is one of three laws that describe the motion of planets around the sun. It states that the path of each planet is an ellipse, a geometric shape that looks like a stretched circle, with the sun at one of the two foci of the ellipse. This means that the distance between the planet and the sun changes as the planet moves along its elliptical path, with the closest point being the perihelion and the farthest point being the aphelion. This law helps to explain the differences in the planet's distances from the sun at different times during its orbit.
Learn more about Kepler's law here: brainly.com/question/1608361
#SPJ4
In contrast to data in a database, data in a data warehouse is described as subject oriented, which means that it inswered out of Select one: a. categorizes based on time b. manages data transactions question c. captures aggregated data d. focuses on a specific area
In contrast to data in a database, data in a data warehouse is described as subject-oriented, which means that it focuses on a specific area.
What is data warehouse?A data warehouse is a sizable, consolidated collection of data created with business intelligence and analytics tasks in mind. A data warehouse is tailored for querying and analysis, in contrast to a regular database, which is often built to serve transactional processing.A data warehouse's subject orientation is one of its most important characteristics. In other words, the information in the warehouse is arranged according to a certain subject or theme, such sales, consumer behaviour, or financial performance. Data analysts and business users can more readily access and analyse data pertaining to a particular area of interest by arranging the data in this fashion, as opposed to having to sift through vast amounts of unrelated data.To know more about data warehouse, check out :
https://brainly.com/question/28427878
#SPJ1
If the vector below is multiplied by 2, what will be its end point?
A. (-2,2)
B. (-2,1)
C. (-1,2)
D. (2,2)
If the vector below is multiplied by 2, option D will be its end point
How did we get the value?If a vector is multiplied by 2, its end point will be scaled up by a factor of 2. So, if the original vector has end point (x,y), its end point after being multiplied by 2 will be (2x, 2y).
Given the vector below, its end point is (1,1):
^
|
|
|
|
---+--->
After being multiplied by 2, the end point of the vector will be (2 * 1, 2 * 1) = (2, 2), which corresponds to answer choice (D).
learn more about vector: https://brainly.com/question/25705666
#SPJ1
the net work output and the thermal efficiency for the carnot and the simple ideal rankine cycles with steam as the working fluid are to be calculated and compared. steam enters the turbine in both cases at 7 mpa as a saturated vapor, and the condenser pressure is 50 kpa. in the rankine cycle, the condenser exit state is saturated liquid and, in the carnot cycle, the boiler inlet state is saturated liquid.Draw the T-s diagrams for both cycles
The thermal efficiencies of the two cycles are the same.
The thermal efficiency of the two cycles can be calculated using the following equation:
η = [tex]1 - (\frac{T2}{T1})[/tex]
where T1 is the temperature at the turbine inlet and T2 is the temperature at the condenser exit.
For the simple ideal Rankine cycle, the temperature at the turbine inlet is 638 K and the temperature at the condenser exit is 328 K. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the cycle is:
η =
[tex]1 - (\frac{328}{638}) \\ = 0.4877 or 48.77\%.[/tex]
For the Carnot cycle, the temperature at the boiler inlet is 328 K and the temperature at the turbine inlet is 638 K. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the cycle is:
η =
[tex]1 - (\frac{328}{638}) \\ = 0.4877 or 48.77\%.[/tex]
Therefore, the thermal efficiencies of the two cycles are the same.
The T-s diagrams of the two cycles can be seen below.
Learn more about thermal efficiency here:
brainly.com/question/21286288
#SPJ4
he solid sphere is spinning about its cm. find the moment of inertia. if the axis is shifted to one of the sides (but still perpendicular to the radius), find the new moment of inertia.
If the axis is relocated on one of the sides, the inertial moment of a circular area about an axis going through its center of gravity is "(2)/(5)MR(2)".
What is the equation for a solid sphere's moment of inertia around an axis that passes through its center?I = ICM + MX2, where M is the body's mass and X is the separation between the axes, and I is the inertial moment about an axis passing through O. ICM is the inertia moment of the solid sphere of radius R about with an axis parallel towards the center of gravity.
How does the parallel axis theorem make use of the moment of inertia?a body's moment of inertia about an axis that is parallel to and passes through its which is created by multiplying the body's mass by the inverse of the separation between the two axis.
To know more about gravity visit :
https://brainly.com/question/14874038
#SPJ4
An automobile enters an a turn whose radius is R. The road is banked at angle θ. Friction is negligible between wheels of the automobile and road. Mass of the automobile is m and speed is v. Select the correct alternative. A. Net force on the automobile is zeroB. Normal reaction the automobile is mg cosθC. Normal reaction the automobile is mg secθD. Net force on the automobile is (mg)^2+(mv^2/R)2
Option B is the correct alternative, and the normal reaction on the automobile is mg cosθ if friction is negligible.
The correct alternative is option B: the normal reaction on the automobile is mg cosθ.
When an automobile enters a turn, it experiences a centripetal force that is directed towards the center of the turn. This force is provided by the component of the normal force that is perpendicular to the surface of the road. If the road is banked at an angle θ, the normal force has two components: one perpendicular to the road and one parallel to the road.
To maintain circular motion, the net force on the automobile must be directed towards the center of the turn. In the absence of friction, the only forces acting on the automobile are its weight and the normal force. Since the weight is always directed downwards, the normal force must provide the necessary centripetal force.
Normal force:
N = mg cosθ
where m is the mass of the automobile, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and θ is the angle of inclination of the road. This expression shows that the normal force is proportional to the weight of the automobile, and is reduced by a factor of cosθ due to the inclination of the road.
Learn more about friction here:
https://brainly.com/question/28941436
#SPJ4
recall from eqs. (1.55) and (1.56) that the periapsis and apoapsis radii of the orbit of a spacecraft are given as rp
(a) Value of true anomaly (v= 90°)(b) v= √2µ/explanation:the periapsis and apoapsis were defined as the points where the spacecraft is closest to and furthest from the planet, respectively.
What is periapsis and apoapsis radii of the orbit?The periapsis occurs when ν = 0 while the apoapsis occurs when ν = π. Suppose that the periapsis and apoapsis radii are denoted as rp and ra, respectively.
Simplifying Eqs. The periapsis and apoapsis radii are given as-rp = a(1 − e) equation and ra = a(1 + e) equation (1.56)Recall from Eqs.
That the periapsis and apoapsis radii of the orbit of a spacecraft are given as rp = a(1 − e) and ra = a(1 + e), respectively.
At some point on the orbit between periapsis and apoapsis the radius, r, must be equal to the semi-major axis, a.
Assuming a gravitational parameter µ for the planet, determine(a) The value of the true anomaly when r = a. At r=a.
Therefore, it is true anomaly v= 90°(b) The speed of the spacecraft at the point when r = a.velocity v= √μ* √ 2/r-1/a sense, r=av= √2μ/a.
Learn more about periapsis here:
https://brainly.com/question/19500089
#SPJ4
An eagle is flying horizontally at a speed of 2.8 m/s when the fish in her talons wiggles loose & falls into the lake 4.8 m below.
Calculate the magnitude of the velocity of the fish relative to the water when it hits the water in m/s.
Calculate the angle, in degrees by which the fish's velocity is directed below the horizontal when the fish hits the water
We can use the equations of kinematics to solve this problem. The initial velocity of the fish relative to the eagle is the same as the eagle's velocity, which is 2.8 m/s. The final velocity of the fish just before it hits the water .
How to use the equations of kinematics?v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2gh
where v_f is the final velocity, v_i is the initial velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and h is the distance the fish falls (4.8 m). Plugging in the values, we get:v_f^2 = (2.8 m/s)^2 + 2(9.8 m/s^2)(4.8 m) ≈ 83.2 m^2/s^2
Taking the square root of both sides, we get:
v_f ≈ 9.1 m/s
Therefore, the magnitude of the velocity of the fish relative to the water when it hits the water is approximately 9.1 m/s.The angle at which the fish hits the water can be found using trigonometry. We can find the horizontal component of the velocity (v_x) using the equation:v_x = v_i = 2.8 m/s
We can find the vertical component of the velocity (v_y) using the equation:
v_f^2 = v_x^2 + v_y^2
Substituting the values we have found, we get:
(9.1 m/s)^2 = (2.8 m/s)^2 + v_y^2
Solving for v_y, we get:
v_y ≈ 8.4 m/s
The angle below the horizontal can be found using the equation:θ= tan^(-1)(v_y/v_x)
Substituting the values we have found, we get:
θ = tan^(-1)(8.4 m/s / 2.8 m/s) ≈ 72.6°
Therefore, the angle at which the fish's velocity is directed below the horizontal when the fish hits the water is approximately 72.6 degrees.
To know more about equation of kinematics , check out :
https://brainly.com/question/24458315
#SPJ4
Every star is part of a constellation and is assigned a Greek letter within the constellation. Many stars still bear ancient Arabic names. Based on how astronomers refer to stars, select all of the correct statements from the following list.
-The star in a constellation is usually brighter than the B star.
-All stars are part of some constellation.
-A star with an ancient Arabic name is probably relatively bright.
Based on the astronomers definition of stars, All stars are part of some constellation. Only the statement II is correct.
All stars visible from Earth are part of a constellation, which is a region of the sky defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The IAU has divided the sky into 88 official constellations, each with its own boundaries and set of stars. Astronomers use the constellations as a way to locate and identify stars and other celestial objects in the night sky.
The brightness of a star is not necessarily related to its position or designation within a constellation, so the first statement is not correct. Also, the presence or absence of an Arabic name is not an indication of a star's brightness, so the third statement is not correct.
To know more about the constellations, here
brainly.com/question/18312623
#SPJ4
--The complete question is, Every star is part of a constellation and is assigned a Greek letter within the constellation. Many stars still bear ancient Arabic names. Based on how astronomers refer to stars, select all of the correct statements from the following list.
I The star in a constellation is usually brighter than the B star.
II All stars are part of some constellation.
III A star with an ancient Arabic name is probably relatively bright.--
Two charged soap bubbles, bubble 1 and bubble 2, are deprecated by some distance r. Bubble 2 has 8 times the charge of bubble 1. Bubble 2 exerts a force of F1-2 on bubble 2, and bubble 2 exerts a force of F2-1 on bubble 2. How does the magnitude of F1-2 compare to F2-1?
A - It’s magnitude is 8 times as large
B - The two forces have the same magnitude
C - it’s magnitude is 64 times as large
D - it’s magnitude is 1/8 as large
Considering the information from bubble 1 and bubble 2, the magnitude of F1-2 compares to F2-1 because the two forces have the same magnitude. Option B is correct.
Why do the two forces have the same magnitude?This concept can be explained by physics through Coulomb's Law, which states that the electrostatic interaction between two particles occurs the greater the magnitude of the charges and the smaller the distance between the particles, the greater the force of attraction or repulsion between the charges.
Therefore, through Coulomb's Law we can understand the interaction between charged particles and the forces exerted by them that will be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, making the magnitude of F1-2 equal to the force F2-1.
Find out more about Coulomb's Law on:
https://brainly.com/question/506926
#SPJ1
the wave function of an electron in an atom does not satisfy the time-independent schroedinger equation; that is,
The statement: This is not possible; wave functions must always satisfy the time-independent Schroedinger equation is true.
What is the importance of the Schroedinger equation?One of the most fundamental equations in quantum mechanics is the Schrödinger equation. It is used to determine the likelihood of discovering a particle in a specific place or condition and defines how quantum particles behave and change over time. The equation is crucial to physics because it explains how atoms, molecules, and other tiny particles behave. It is used to forecast the behavior of quantum systems, including the behavior of subatomic particles, the electronic structure of atoms and molecules, and the characteristics of semiconductors and superconductors. For the creation of novel technologies like transistors, lasers, and quantum computers, the Schrödinger equation has been applied. In the contemporary world, its significance cannot be emphasized.
To know more about the Schroedinger equation, check out:
https://brainly.com/question/16977590
#SPJ4
The wave function of an electron in an atom does not satisfy the time-independent Schroedinger equation. which statement is true?
1. This is not possible; wave functions must always satisfy the time-independent Schroedinger equation.
2. The wave function is an energy eigenstate.
3. When the energy is measured, several different values have a non-zero probability.
a constant force applied to a a causes a a to accelerate at 7 m/s2 m / s 2 . the same force applied to b b causes an acceleration of 4 m/s2 m / s 2 . applied to c c , it causes an acceleration of 8 m/s2 m / s 2 . part a which object has the largest mass? explain. match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
A. Object C has the largest mass, since it has the smallest acceleration. B. Object B has the smallest mass, since it has the largest acceleration. C. The ratio of mass A to mass B is: mA/mB = (force applied)/(7 m/s^2) / (force applied)/(4 m/s^2) = 7/4
We can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force applied to an object is equal to the mass of the object times its acceleration:
F = ma
where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object, and a is its acceleration.
A. For object A, we have:
F = ma
m = F/a = (force applied)/(acceleration) = (constant force)/(7 m/s²)
For object B, we have:
F = ma
m = F/a = (force applied)/(acceleration) = (constant force)/(4 m/s²)
For object C, we have:
F = ma
m = F/a = (force applied)/(acceleration) = (constant force)/(2 m/s²)
Since the same force is applied to all objects, the object with the largest mass will have the smallest acceleration, and the object with the smallest mass will have the largest acceleration. Therefore, we can conclude that:
A. Object C has the largest mass, since it has the smallest acceleration.
B. Object B has the smallest mass, since it has the largest acceleration.
C. The ratio of mass A to mass B is:
mA/mB = (force applied)/(7 m/s²) / (force applied)/(4 m/s²) = 7/4
Learn more about Newton's second law of motion here brainly.com/question/27712854
#SPJ4
Complete Question: A constant force applied to object A causes it to accelerate at 7 m/s2. The same force applied to object B causes an acceleration of 4 m/s2. Applied to object C, it causes an acceleration of 2 m/s2.
A. Which object has the largest mass?B. Which object has the smallest mass?C. What is the ratio of mass A to mass B?
when the motorcyclist is at a he increases his speed along the vertical circular path at a rate. if he starts at va
Initial acceleration is the acceleration of an object at a specific moment in time, typically at the start of a motion. It is the acceleration of an object at the beginning of its motion or when it is first subjected to a force.
Acceleration is a vector quantity that describes the rate at which an object's velocity changes with respect to time. It is the measure of how quickly the object's speed and/or direction is changing. An object can have varying accelerations depending on the forces acting on it, such as gravity or friction.The initial acceleration can be calculated using the formula a = v^2/r, where v is the initial velocity and r is the radius of circular path.
To solve this problem, use the conservation of energy and Newton's second law.
First, calculate the height of point B above point A.
Use the fact that the vertical component of the motorcycle's velocity is zero at the top of the circle, so the kinetic energy is entirely due to the horizontal component of velocity. Therefore, at point B, the kinetic energy of the motorcycle is equal to the potential energy it had at point A:
[tex]mgh = 1/2 mv^2[/tex]
where m is the mass of the motorcycle, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the height of point B above point A, and v is the speed of the motorcycle at point B.
Cancel out the mass of the motorcycle, and use the given values to solve for h:
[tex]gh = 1/2 v^2 - 1/2 vA^2[/tex]
[tex]h = (1/2 v^2 - 1/2 vA^2) / g[/tex]
[tex]h = (1/2 (v^2 - vA^2)) / g[/tex]
[tex]h = (1/2 ((0.04 s) t)^2 - 2^2) / 32.2 ft/s^2[/tex]
[tex]h = (0.0008 t^2 - 4) / 32.2 ft[/tex]
Next, use the fact that the motorcycle's acceleration is directed towards the centre of the circle, and has a magnitude of:
[tex]a = v^2 / r[/tex]
where r is the radius of the circle. At point A, the velocity is purely horizontal, so the initial acceleration is:
[tex]aA = vA^2 / r[/tex]
Use the fact that the acceleration is given by:
[tex]a = d(˙v)/dt[/tex]
where ˙v is the rate of change of the velocity with respect to time. Integrating this equation gives:
v - vA = ∫a dt
v = vA + ∫a dt
Since the acceleration is constant, substitute the expression derived for aA and integrate over the time it takes the motorcycle to travel from A to B. We can use the fact that the distance traveled along the circle is equal to the height difference h we calculated earlier, so the time it takes to travel from A to B is:
[tex]t = sqrt(2h / g)[/tex]
[tex]t = sqrt((0.0008 t^2 - 4) / 16.1)[/tex]
Squaring both sides and rearranging, we get a quadratic equation in t^2:
[tex]t^4 - 27.3t^2 + 674.5 = 0[/tex]
Solving for t^2 using the quadratic formula, we get:
[tex]t^2 = 13.4 or t^2 = 50.3[/tex]
Since the time cannot be negative, take the positive root:
t = 3.66 s
Substituting this value into the expression for the velocity,
[tex]v = 2 ft/s + (0.04 s/ft/s^2)(3.66 s)[/tex]
[tex]v = 2.1464 ft/s[/tex]
Therefore, the magnitude of the motorcycle's velocity when it reaches point B is approximately 2.15 ft/s. The initial acceleration is:
[tex]aA = vA^2 / r = (2 ft/s)^2 / 16 ft = 0.25 ft/s^2[/tex]
To know more about Initial Acceleration, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/460763
#SPJ4
A motorcyclist is traveling along a vertical circular path. At point A, the motorcyclist has an initial velocity of vA = 2 ft/s and an initial position of s = 0. The motorcyclist increases their speed along the path at a rate of ˙v = (0.04s) ft/s^2, where s is in feet. Determine the magnitude of the motorcyclist's velocity when they reach point B. Also, what is the motorcyclist's initial acceleration at point A?
The steel pipe is filled with concrete and sub- jected to a compressive load of 18 kips. Deter- mine the average normal stress in the concrete and the steel due to this loading. The pipe has an outer diameter of 3.125 in. and an inner diameter of 2.75 in. Est-29(10%) ksi, Ec-3. 6(103) ksi. 18 kips 20 in
The stress in concrete due to compressive load of 18 kips, is 6.23 MPa and stress in steel is 50.32 MPa.
For a composite bar:
1) The sum of compressive forces in each bar is equal to the total compressive force.
2) The deformation of each bar is same.
Let P₁ be the load in steel and P₂ be the load in concrete.
Then,
P₁ + P₂ = 18 kips
The inner diameter is 2.75 in.
Outer diameter is 3.125 in.
Now deformation in both concrete and steel is same:
[tex]\dfrac{P_1L}{A_1E_1} = \dfrac{P_2L}{A_2E_2}[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{P_1}{\dfrac{\pi}{4} ((3.125)^2- (2.75)^2) \times 29 \times 10^3} = \dfrac{P_2}{\dfrac{\pi}{4} (2.75)^2 \times 3.6 \times 10^3}[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{P_1}{P_2} = 2.346[/tex]
Solving the two equations,
[tex]P_2 = 5.37\ kips[/tex]
[tex]P_1 = 12.63\ kips[/tex]
Therefore stress in concrete,
[tex]\dfrac{5.37}{\dfrac{\pi}{4} (2.75)^2}[/tex] = 6.23 MPa
Therefore stress in steel,
[tex]\dfrac{12.63}{\dfrac{\pi}{4} ((3.125)^2- (2.75)^2)}[/tex] = 50.32 MPa
To know more about the stress, here
brainly.com/question/25632718
#SPJ4
--The complete question is, The steel pipe is filled with concrete and sub- jected to a compressive load of 18 kips. Determine the average normal stress in the concrete and the steel due to this loading. The pipe has an outer diameter of 3.125 in. and an inner diameter of 2.75 in. Est = 29(10^3) ksi, Ec = 3.6(10^3) ksi.--
HELP!!! A sprinter has a speed of 10m/s and a mass of 80kg. What is the sprinter’s kinetic energy (in joules)?
Answer:
4000j
Explanation:
0.5 × 10^2 × 80 = 4kJ = 4000Joules
(figure 1) shows a charged particle surrounded by three different closed surfaces, (a) , (b) , and (c) . in each case, the charge on the particle and the geometry of the left side (left of the dashed line) of the surface are identical. the closed surfaces have different geometries to the right of the dashed line.
To the west of the dotted line, the closed surface have various geometrical configurations. A charged particle is encircled by three distinct closed surfaces in (Figure 1): (a), (b), and (c). In every
What does the word "charge" mean?
to permeate or fill, such as a quality or feeling: Tension was charged in the air. 6. a. To accuse or blame someone for wrongdoing: The prosecutors accused him of car theft. The author was accused by critics of lacking creativity. b. To assign blame for; ascribe or impute: charged the driver's inexperience with being at fault for the accident.
What exactly is a charged expense?
Government expenses that must be covered without a vote are referred to as charged expenditures. It implies that these payments will take place regardless of whether Parliament approves the budget. Charged expenses are additionally referred to as "non-votable" expenses. The main account of the government is used to make these payments.
To know more about charged visit:
https://brainly.com/question/11568733
#SPJ4
You are climbing in the High Sierra where you suddenly find yourself at the edge of a fog-shrouded cliff. To find the height of this cliff, you drop a rock from the top and 9.30s later hear the sound of it hitting the ground at the foot of the cliff.
Part A
Ignoring air resistance, how high is the cliff if the speed of sound is 330 m/s?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
h =
The height of the cliff when the time taken to hear the sound is given is calculated to be 316.98 m.
Let us assume the height of the cliff to be h.
t is the time taken by the stone to reach the ground
Time taken to hear the sound is 9.3 s.
Time taken by the sound to reach the height of the cliff = 9.3 - t
Speed of sound in air is given as = 330 m/s
For the stone falling, the height is given by,
h = u t + 1/2 g t²
h = (0)t + 1/2 (9.81) t² = 4.905 t²
The distance travelled by the sound is,
d = s t
where,
s is speed
t is time
d = s t = 330 × (9.3 - t)
As the distance travelled by the stone and sound are equal,
4.905 t² = 330 × (9.3 - t)
4.905 t² = 3069 - 330t
4.905 t² + 330 t - 3069 = 0
The values of t are, t = 8.039, -75.318
As time cannot be negative, t = 8.039 s
The height of the cliff, h = 4.905 t² = 4.905(8.039)² = 316.98 m
Thus, the height of the cliff is calculated to be 316.98 m.
To know more about height:
https://brainly.com/question/13333518
#SPJ4