external benefits arise from the actions of firms. consumers. firms and consumers. the government. firms, consumers, and the government.

Merck accrues and discloses environmental liabilities. The accrued liabilities were $213M, and the estimated reasonably possible expenditures were $117M as of 2013.

a. Merck accounts for environmental liabilities that are probable and reasonably estimable by accruing for the expected costs associated with remediation and environmental liabilities. On December 31, 2013, these liabilities amounted to $213 million.

b. Merck accounts for environmental liabilities that are reasonably possible by disclosing them in its footnotes but does not accrue for them on its financial statements. On December 31, 2013, the estimated reasonably possible expenditures for environmental liabilities were $117 million.

c. The $213 million represents the total amount of accrued liabilities for environmental remediation and liabilities that are probable and estimable over the next five years, while the $117 million represents the estimated expenditures for environmental liabilities that are reasonably possible over the next five years.

The difference between the two amounts is due to the fact that the $213 million is based on liabilities that are probable and estimable, while the $117 million is based on liabilities that are only reasonably possible.

d. Financial statement effects template:

Debit: Remediation and Environmental Expenses $20 million

Credit: Cash $20 million

The entry above records Merck's 2013 remediation and environmental expenditures, assuming that the liability had already been accrued on Merck's books. The expense is debited, and the cash paid is credited. This entry reduces the net income of Merck for the year and reduces the company's cash balance.

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A commonly used multiple in comparable company analysis is EV/EBITDA.

EV/EBITDA is a financial ratio used to assess the valuation of a company by comparing its enterprise value (EV) to its earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA). This multiple is favored by analysts and investors as it provides a comprehensive view of a company's financial performance, considering both its capital structure (EV) and operating profitability (EBITDA). A lower EV/EBITDA ratio indicates a potentially undervalued company, while a higher ratio may suggest an overvalued company. By comparing this multiple across comparable companies in the same industry, analysts can gain insights into relative valuation and identify potential investment opportunities or trends.

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(A)The annual effective interest rate is almost 15%

(B)The total balance will be: 3,034.75 + (3,034.75 x 1.1583%) = 3,069.96.

(A) The monthly interest rate can be calculated by dividing the annual interest rate (APR) by 12, since the interest is compounded monthly. So, the monthly interest rate is 13.90/12 = 1.1583%. To calculate the annual effective interest rate, we need to take into account the effect of compounding. The formula for annual effective interest rate is (1 + r/n)^n - 1, where r is the annual interest rate and n is the number of times interest is compounded per year. In this case, r is 13.90% and n is 12 (since interest is compounded monthly). Plugging these values into the formula, we get: (1 + 0.1390/12)^12 - 1 = 14.999%. So, the annual effective interest rate is almost 15%.

(B) Skipping payments on your credit card can have serious consequences, as it can lead to late fees, increased interest rates, and damage to your credit score. Assuming there are no late fees or other charges, if you skip payments for two months, the interest will continue to accrue on your outstanding balance. Using the monthly interest rate calculated in part (A), we can calculate the interest that will accrue each month as follows: 3,000 x 1.1583% = 34.75. So, after one month, your balance will be 3,000 + 34.75 = 3,034.75. After two months, the interest will accrue on the new balance, so the total balance will be: 3,034.75 + (3,034.75 x 1.1583%) = 3,069.96. This is assuming that no other charges or payments are made during the two-month period.

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According to the text, in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, many economists believed that there was a trade-off between inflation and unemployment. This trade-off was known as the Phillips curve.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the prevailing economic theory suggested that there was an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment. It was believed that when unemployment was low, inflation would tend to rise, and when unemployment was high, inflation would tend to fall. This concept was illustrated by the Phillips curve, named after economist A.W. Phillips, who observed the relationship between wage inflation and unemployment in the United Kingdom.

The Phillips curve suggested that policymakers faced a trade-off between these two variables. They could choose to stimulate the economy and reduce unemployment, but it would come at the cost of higher inflation. Conversely, they could choose to combat inflation by implementing contractionary policies, but it would result in higher unemployment.

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Risk is an important component of interest rates (D) Marketability risks

Marketability risks are not a determinant of interest rates. Marketability risk refers to the risk associated with the ease of buying or selling an asset in the market. While marketability risk can affect the value or liquidity of an asset, it is not directly related to the determination of interest rates.

1. Default risks: This refers to the risk that a borrower will fail to repay the principal or interest on a loan. Lenders consider default risks when setting interest rates, as higher default risks generally lead to higher interest rates to compensate for the increased likelihood of default.

2. Interest rate risks: This refers to the risk that changes in interest rates will affect the value of an investment. Interest rate risks can impact the demand and supply of loans, influencing the overall interest rate levels in the market.

3. Institutional risks: This refers to risks associated with the stability, regulatory environment, and reputation of financial institutions. Institutional risks can affect interest rates by influencing the perception of lenders and investors regarding the safety and reliability of the financial system.

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To compute diluted earnings per share, we need to determine the potential dilutive effect of the incentive stock options. The calculation involves comparing the exercise price of the options ($10) to the average market price of the stock for the year ($12).

In this case, the average market price is greater than the exercise price, so we need to adjust the number of shares outstanding.

The potential number of shares that would be issued if all the options were exercised is 28,000. However, the company already issued 38,000 shares on April 1, which would have resulted in a lower exercise price for the options if they were exercised after that date. Therefore, we need to use the "treasury stock method" to calculate the number of additional shares that would be issued if the options were exercised.

Under the treasury stock method, we assume that the proceeds from the exercise of the options are used to repurchase shares of common stock at the average market price.

The additional shares that would be issued are the difference between the number of shares assumed to be repurchased and the number of shares covered by the options.

The calculation is as follows:

Step 1: Calculate the number of shares outstanding after the April 1 issuance:

58,000 + 38,000 = 96,000

Step 2: Calculate the number of shares assumed to be repurchased:

$10 exercise price < $12 average market price

Proceeds per share = $12 - $10 = $2

Assumed repurchase = 28,000 shares x $10 / $2 = 140,000 shares

Step 3: Calculate the number of additional shares that would be issued if the options were exercised:

Additional shares = Assumed repurchase - Number of options

Additional shares = 140,000 - 28,000 = 112,000

Step 4: Calculate the diluted shares outstanding:

Diluted shares outstanding = Shares outstanding + Additional shares

Diluted shares outstanding = 96,000 + 112,000 = 208,000

Therefore, the number of shares of stock to be used in computing diluted earnings per share is 208,000 (rounded to the nearest thousand).

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There are several ways that managers can go about developing a program to increase quality. One approach is to conduct a thorough analysis of the current quality standards and identify areas where improvement is needed, and managers can as well establish clear performance metrics to track progress and ensure that the program is achieving its desired outcomes.

There are several ways that managers can go about developing a program to increase quality. One approach is to conduct a thorough analysis of the current quality standards and identify areas where improvement is needed.

This can involve gathering feedback from customers, analyzing data on defects or errors, and assessing employee training and development needs. Once the areas for improvement have been identified, managers can develop a comprehensive plan for addressing them.

This may involve implementing new quality control measures, providing additional training and support for employees, and investing in new technologies or equipment.

Additionally, managers can establish clear performance metrics to track progress and ensure that the program is achieving its desired outcomes.

Overall, the key to developing a successful quality improvement program is to prioritize the needs of customers, employees, and the organization as a whole, and to continually evaluate and adjust the program as needed to ensure ongoing success.

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The first journal entry records income taxes payable $86,480, deferred income taxes $36,000, and income tax expense $122,480 for 2019 assuming no deferred taxes at the end of 2018. The second entry assumes a balance of $22,200 in a Deferred Tax Liability account at the end of 2018.

Journal entry for Culver to record income taxes payable, deferred income taxes, and income tax expense for 2019, assuming no deferred taxes at the end of 2018:

Income Tax Expense $122,480

Deferred Income Taxes $36,000

Income Taxes Payable $86,480

Income tax expense is calculated by multiplying taxable income by the applicable tax rate for 2019:

$306,200 x 40% = $122,480

Deferred income taxes are calculated by multiplying the cumulative temporary differences by the applicable tax rates for future years and then subtracting the taxes already paid:

$60,200 x 30% = $18,060

$51,500 x 25% = $12,875

$40,900 x 25% = $10,225

$29,400 x 25% = $7,350

Total deferred income taxes: $18,060 + $12,875 + $10,225 + $7,350 = $48,510

Income taxes payable is the difference between income tax expense and deferred income taxes:

$122,480 - $48,510 = $73,970

Journal entry for Culver to record income taxes payable, deferred income taxes, and income tax expense for 2019, assuming a balance of $22,200 in a Deferred Tax Liability account at the end of 2018:

Income Tax Expense $122,480

Deferred Income Taxes $36,000

Deferred Tax Liability $22,200

Income Taxes Payable $86,280

Income tax expense is calculated in the same way as in part (a):

$306,200 x 40% = $122,480

Deferred income taxes are calculated by multiplying the cumulative temporary differences by the applicable tax rates for future years and then subtracting the existing deferred tax liability:

$60,200 x 30% = $18,060

$51,500 x 25% = $12,875

$40,900 x 25% = $10,225

$29,400 x 25% = $7,350

Total deferred income taxes: $18,060 + $12,875 + $10,225 + $7,350 = $48,510

Since there was a deferred tax liability of $22,200 at the end of 2018, the deferred income taxes will be adjusted:

$48,510 - $22,200 = $26,310

Income taxes payable is the difference between income tax expense and the adjusted deferred income taxes:

$122,480 - $26,310 = $96,170

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The community rating approach to health insurance premium pricing prohibits insurance companies from varying rates based on health status or claims history. This means that everyone in the same community or region pays the same premium regardless of their individual health status or medical history.

Option a is incorrect as the community rating approach is focused on insurance premium pricing, not necessarily advocating for a specific government program. Option c is also incorrect as the community rating approach can be applied to both private and public health insurance coverage.

Option d is not directly related to the community rating approach as it pertains to government contributions to health savings accounts, which is a separate issue. Option e is partially correct as consumer-directed health plans, which involve individuals managing their own health care costs, can be offered in addition to a flexible-benefit plan. However, it does not go beyond a flexible-benefit plan but rather complements it.

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Jenny's Flower Shop is considering two options to expand its operations and increase its capacity. The first option is to add to the current building at a cost of $300,000. Ultimately, the decision will depend on the financial goals of the company and its ability to handle the additional expenses that come with increasing its facility and capacity.

While this option will increase the company's capacity, it will also lead to additional operating expenses due to the increased space. However, this option will result in an increase in revenue of $100,000 per year. The second option is to sell the current building and lease a larger facility nearby. This option will also increase the company's capacity, but it may come with higher leasing costs.
To address Jenny's Flower Shop's expansion plans, they have two options:
Option 1 involves adding to the existing facility for a cost of $300,000. This would increase the shop's capacity, resulting in an annual revenue increase of $100,000. However, they should also take into account the additional operating expenses due to the increased space when making their decision.

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Under GASB (Governmental Accounting Standards Board) standards, a not-for-profit, nongovernmental foundation that is related to a public university is considered a component unit of the university.

This means that the foundation's financial statements must be included in the university's financial statements and reported as a separate entity.The foundation must follow GASB standards in its financial reporting, which requires the use of accrual accounting. This means that revenues and expenses are recognized when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when the cash is received or paid.

In terms of treatment, the foundation's assets and liabilities must be reported separately from the university's assets and liabilities. The foundation's revenues and expenses must also be reported separately from the university's revenues and expenses.

It's important to note that while the foundation is related to the university, it is a separate legal entity and must be treated as such in financial reporting. Any transactions between the foundation and the university must be disclosed and reported appropriately.

Overall, GASB standards ensure that the financial reporting of not-for-profit, nongovernmental foundations related to public universities is transparent and accurate, providing stakeholders with the information they need to make informed decisions.

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The best example C) the Model T of Henry Ford. In the early 1900s, the best example of a mass-produced consumer product was the Model T automobile, developed by Henry Ford.

The Model T, first introduced in 1908, revolutionized the automobile industry by making cars affordable and accessible to the average person. Ford's innovative assembly line production method allowed for the efficient mass production of the Model T, reducing the price from $825 in 1908 to $360 in 1916. By 1924, over 15 million Model Ts had been produced and sold.
This car revolutionized the automotive industry with its innovative assembly line production method, making it affordable for the average consumer. The detail answer includes the other options, which, while significant innovations, did not have the same level of mass production and consumer impact as the Model T.

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The depreciation expense for the fourth year of the machine's useful life is $5,000.

To calculate the depreciation expense for the fourth year, we need to consider the revised estimated useful life and salvage value. Here's how we can calculate it:

Original cost of the machine: $75,000

Original estimated useful life: 6 years

Original salvage value: $6,000

Revised estimated useful life: 10 years

Revised salvage value: $5,500

To calculate the annual depreciation expense for the original estimated life, we use the formula:

Annual depreciation = (Original cost - Salvage value) / Original estimated useful life

Annual depreciation = ($75,000 - $6,000) / 6 = $11,500

However, since the revision was made at the beginning of the fourth year, we need to calculate the accumulated depreciation for the first three years:

Accumulated depreciation for the first three years = Annual depreciation * Number of years

Accumulated depreciation = $11,500 * 3 = $34,500

The book value of the machine at the beginning of the fourth year can be calculated as:

Book value = Original cost - Accumulated depreciation

Book value = $75,000 - $34,500 = $40,500

Now, we can calculate the revised annual depreciation expense for the remaining useful life (4th year to 10th year) using the revised values:

Revised annual depreciation = (Book value - Revised salvage value) / Remaining useful life

Revised annual depreciation = ($40,500 - $5,500) / 7 = $5,000

Therefore, the depreciation expense for the fourth year of the machine's useful life is $5,000.

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The correct answer is (a). The expression "a if b" indicates a conditional relationship between two statements, where "b" is the condition and "a" is the consequent.

It does not imply sufficiency or necessity by itself.If we want to identify the relationship between a and b in terms of sufficiency and necessity, we need to add more information.

If we say "a if and only if b," it means that a is both necessary and sufficient for b. In other words, if we have a, we can be sure that b is true, and if b is true, we can be sure that a is true as well.

If we say "a only if b,"it means that b is necessary for a. In other words, if we don't have b, we can't have a.

If we say "a if b," it means that b is sufficient for a. In other words, if we have b, we can be sure that a is true, but there may be other conditions that can also lead to a.

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Any damages awarded in this situation would likely be limited to the amount required to fix the breach, which is $300 for the correct faucets and linoleum.

based on the given scenario, the most likely true statement regarding robert's entitlement to damages from willis is:

39) any damages awarded would be in the range of $300, which is the amount it would take to fix the breach.

in this case, willis made a mistake by not following robert's specifications for the faucets and linoleum in the upstairs powder room. however, it was not an intentional failure to follow the specifications. this can be seen as a minor breach of contract, as the rest of the home was built to robert's specifications.

since willis has expressed willingness to pay $300 to put robert in the position he would have been in had the correct faucets and linoleum been used, it indicates an offer to rectify the breach by providing the necessary funds for the corrections. this suggests that willis acknowledges the breach and is willing to make it right by compensating robert for the cost of fixing the issue.

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When the daily percentage change in an exchange rate is compared to a normal distribution with the same mean and standard deviation, the answer is option B: Large exchange rate moves are less likely and small exchange rate moves are more likely than with the normal distribution.

A normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve where most of the data points are clustered around the mean, and the standard deviation measures the variability or spread of the data points from the mean. If we assume that the daily percentage change in an exchange rate follows a normal distribution with the same mean and standard deviation, then we can expect that most of the exchange rate moves will be close to the mean, and fewer moves will be far from the mean.
In other words, large exchange rate moves that are more than one standard deviation away from the mean are less likely to occur than with the normal distribution. This is because the tails of the normal distribution are relatively thin, and the probability of extreme values decreases rapidly as we move away from the mean.
On the other hand, small exchange rate moves that are within one standard deviation from the mean are more likely to occur than with the normal distribution. This is because most of the data points are clustered around the mean, and the probability of small values is relatively high.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer, and we can expect that large exchange rate moves are less likely and small exchange rate moves are more likely than with the normal distribution when comparing the daily percentage change in an exchange rate to a normal distribution with the same mean and standard deviation.

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Traditional Management, which predates modern management techniques, emerged during the Industrial Revolution, a time of significant change in how people worked. Beginning in the early 1880s, numerous new cotton mills popped up all throughout Great Britain, necessitating the organisation and management of the workforce.

Despite the fact that strategy has been significant throughout history, the study of strategic management has mostly grown over the past century. Here are a few significant commercial and scholarly developments that have aided the development of the discipline. 1911 saw the release of The Principles of Scientific Management by Frederick W. Taylor.

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Money market funds would not typically purchase strips, which are zero-coupon bonds without periodic interest payments.

Strips, also known as Treasury strips or zero-coupon bonds, are fixed-income securities that are created by separating the principal and interest components of a Treasury bond. These securities pay no periodic interest but are sold at a discount to their face value and provide a return upon maturity.

Pension fund: Pension funds, which manage funds on behalf of retired individuals, often invest in a diversified portfolio that includes various types of fixed-income securities to generate income and preserve capital. Strips may be included in their investment strategy as a long-term investment to match their future liabilities and generate returns.

Money market fund: Money market funds are investment vehicles that invest in short-term, low-risk securities, such as Treasury bills, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit. These funds aim to provide liquidity and stability to investors. Since strips are long-term securities and do not offer periodic interest payments, they are not typically suitable for money market funds, which focus on short-term investments with regular income generation.

Individual seeking current income: Individuals who seek current income generally prefer investments that provide regular interest or dividend payments. Since strips do not offer periodic interest payments, they may not be the preferred choice for individuals seeking immediate income from their investments.

Individual wishing to avoid reinvestment risk: Reinvestment risk refers to the uncertainty of finding suitable investments with similar returns when the current investment matures or pays interest. Strips, being zero-coupon bonds, do not involve reinvestment risk as they do not make periodic interest payments. Therefore, an individual wishing to avoid reinvestment risk may consider investing in strips as they eliminate the need to reinvest interest payments.

In summary, while pension funds, individuals seeking current income, and individuals wishing to avoid reinvestment risk may consider purchasing strips as part of their investment strategy, money market funds, which focus on short-term and low-risk investments with regular income, would not typically purchase strips.

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True. A creative work environment necessitates organizational encouragement, supervisory encouragement, as well as workgroup encouragement.

Creating a truly creative work environment involves fostering an atmosphere that supports and nurtures innovation, idea generation, and collaboration. This requires various levels of encouragement within the organization. Organizational encouragement entails the establishment of policies, practices, and cultural norms that promote and value creativity. This can include allocating resources for research and development, providing time for experimentation and exploration, and recognizing and rewarding creative contributions.

Supervisory encouragement involves managers and leaders actively supporting and motivating their employees to think creatively, take risks, and pursue innovative solutions. This can be done through open communication, providing autonomy, and offering constructive feedback that fosters growth and creativity.

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Plowing action (significantly reduced cutting action), Cutting action Abrasive grits interact with machined surfaces through both cutting and plowing actions.

Cutting action involves the grits physically shearing off material from the surface, while plowing action involves the grits pushing material aside and creating grooves or scratches in the surface.

Rubbing action, on the other hand, is not typically associated with abrasive grits. It refers to a type of frictional interaction between two surfaces that are moving relative to each other without any significant cutting or plowing.

Therefore, the correct answers are plowing action and cutting action.

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Burns may be able to establish a prima facie case of age discrimination under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA).

If he can show that he was qualified for the postmaster position, he was over 40 years old, he was not selected for the position, and the position was filled by someone significantly younger. Based on the given information, Burns meets the first three criteria but it is not clear whether Smithers is significantly younger than Burns.

However, even if Burns establishes a prima facie case of age discrimination, the employer may still be able to defend against the claim. The employer can argue that Smithers was selected based on legitimate, non-discriminatory reasons, such as his management potential or his qualifications. If the employer can provide such a defense, the burden shifts back to Burns to prove that the employer's stated reasons are merely a pretext for discrimination.

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A struct is a structured data type.

In programming, a data type refers to the classification of data that determines the possible values it can take and the operations that can be performed on it. A struct is a composite data type that groups together zero or more variables of different or same data types under a single name, allowing them to be treated as a single entity. It is used to create custom data types that can hold multiple data items of different data types, making it useful for organizing and manipulating complex data structures.

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If the central bank of a country wishes to maintain a stable nominal interest rate after a decrease in consumers' spending, it can take the following actions to achieve the goal. The first action is to decrease the reserve requirement for commercial banks, which will increase the money supply in the economy.

This, in turn, will encourage lending and borrowing, leading to an increase in consumers' spending. As a result, the nominal interest rate will remain stable.

The second action is to conduct open market operations, which involve the purchase of government securities. When the central bank buys government securities, it increases the amount of money in circulation. This encourages commercial banks to lend more money, leading to an increase in consumers' spending, and therefore maintaining a stable nominal interest rate.

Lastly, the central bank can also decrease the discount rate, which is the interest rate at which banks borrow from the central bank. Lowering the discount rate will make it cheaper for commercial banks to borrow money from the central bank, leading to an increase in lending and borrowing, and therefore maintaining a stable nominal interest rate.
If the central bank wants to maintain a stable nominal interest rate following a decrease in consumer spending, it can take the following action: adjusting the monetary policy, specifically by lowering the reserve requirement or decreasing the discount rate.

When consumer spending declines, it leads to lower aggregate demand, which can result in reduced economic growth. To counteract this, the central bank can lower the reserve requirement for commercial banks, allowing them to have more money available for lending. This will encourage borrowing and spending by businesses and consumers, which can help stabilize the nominal interest rate.

Alternatively, the central bank can decrease the discount rate, which is the interest rate at which commercial banks can borrow from the central bank. By lowering the discount rate, the central bank makes it cheaper for commercial banks to access funds. This can lead to lower interest rates for borrowers, stimulating consumer spending and helping to maintain a stable nominal interest rate in the economy.

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1. The start-up company needs to sell at least 128 units to break even, assuming a selling price of $1,300 per unit and a contribution margin of $720 per unit.

2. To reach a target profit of $122,000, the start-up company needs to sell at least 42 units, considering the same selling price and contribution margin.

To calculate the break-even point and the number of units needed to reach a target profit, we need more information. Specifically, we need to know the contribution margin per unit, which is the selling price per unit minus the variable costs per unit.

Since the only variable cost mentioned is the cost of material and assembly, which is $580 per unit, we can calculate the contribution margin as follows:

Contribution Margin = Selling Price per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit

Contribution Margin = $1,300 - $580

Contribution Margin = $720

Now we can proceed to answer the questions:

1. Break-even Point:

To calculate the break-even point, we need to divide the total fixed costs by the contribution margin:

Break-even Point (in units) = Total Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin

Total Fixed Costs = Rent + Utilities + Monthly Labor

Total Fixed Costs = $50,800 + $12,200 + $28,800

Total Fixed Costs = $91,800

Break-even Point (in units) = $91,800 / $720

Break-even Point (in units) ≈ 127.50

Since we can't sell fractional units, the company would need to sell at least 128 units to break even.

2. Target Profit:

To calculate the number of units needed to reach the target profit, we need to consider the additional profit required and divide it by the contribution margin:

Additional Profit = Target Profit - Total Fixed Costs

Additional Profit = $122,000 - $91,800

Additional Profit = $30,200

Number of Units for Target Profit = Additional Profit / Contribution Margin

Number of Units for Target Profit = $30,200 / $720

Number of Units for Target Profit ≈ 41.94

Since we can't sell fractional units, the company would need to sell at least 42 units to reach the target profit of $122,000.

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EU governments could purchase from the cheapest foreign supp Other factors such as quality, reliability, transportation costs, and local market conditions can influence the pricing of goods and services.liers.

The removal of discriminatory government procurement laws within the European Union would have several potential benefits. These include increased competition, agricultural price adjustments, and industry restructuring.

Increased competition occurs as domestic firms compete with foreign firms previously shut out of the domestic market.

By removing discriminatory government procurement laws, domestic firms would face competition from foreign firms that were previously excluded from the domestic market.

Agricultural prices fall as more farmers are allowed to produce their commodities.

Removing discriminatory laws can allow more farmers to enter the market, increasing the overall supply of agricultural commodities. With a larger supply, the prices of these commodities may fall due to increased competition among farmers.

Industries are restructured which permits surviving firms to achieve economies of scale.

The removal of discriminatory government procurement laws can lead to industry restructuring, as firms adapt to the new competitive environment. Restructuring may involve mergers, acquisitions, or changes in production methods to improve efficiency. Surviving firms that successfully restructure can take advantage of economies of scale, reducing their production costs and potentially increasing their competitiveness.

It's important to note that while the removal of discriminatory laws can bring benefits, it may also have some negative consequences. These can include job losses in less competitive industries, challenges for smaller domestic firms, and potential social and environmental impacts.

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The breakeven point is 21,250 pairs of shoes.

To find the breakeven point, you need to consider the variable costs, fixed costs, and selling price.

1. The given information is:

Variable costs: $5.40 per pair

Fixed costs: $76,500 per year

Selling price: $9 per pair

2. To calculate the breakeven point, first, find the contribution margin per unit, which is the selling price minus the variable cost per unit:

Contribution margin per unit = Selling price - Variable costs

Contribution margin per unit = $9 - $5.40

Contribution margin per unit = $3.60

3. Next, divide the fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit to find the breakeven point in units:

Breakeven point (units) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit

Breakeven point (units) = $76,500 / $3.60

Breakeven point (units) = 21,250

So, the breakeven point is 21,250 pairs of shoes. This means that the company needs to sell 21,250 pairs of shoes to cover its fixed and variable costs and start making a profit.

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The drawback in basing advertising budgets on a fixed percentage of sales is that  a downturn would reduce the budget when more may be needed. Option E

When a company bases its advertising budget on a settled rate of deals, it ties the sum it spends on advertising specifically to its income. Whereas this strategy could seem basic and clear, it can be risky in the event that deals decay. On the off chance that deals diminish, the publicizing budget will too diminish, which can lead to a diminish in brand mindfulness and a advance decay in deals.

In this manner, whereas basing publicizing budgets on a settled rate of deals may be a valuable rule, it is critical to consider other variables such as the company's situating, promoting techniques, and the by and large financial environment to guarantee that the budget is viable and able to adjust to changing circumstances.

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Based on the bank transfer schedule provided, the most likely situation is that the year-end total cash is properly stated. The amounts disbursed and deposited in the books match the bank's records, indicating accurate and complete accounting for cash transactions.

Check Number Reply

2001 3

2002 2

6734 1

3580 2

2008 2

2009 3

4005 1

2001: The disbursement was recorded in the books on 12/28, but it was not disbursed until 12/31, meaning the cash balance was overstated at year-end.

2002: The disbursement was recorded in the books on 12/28, but it was not disbursed until 1/3, meaning the cash balance was understated at year-end.

6734: The disbursement was recorded in the books on 1/3, and it was also disbursed on 1/3, meaning the cash balance was properly stated at year-end.

3580: The disbursement was recorded in the books on 1/2, but it was not disbursed until 1/4, meaning the cash balance was understated at year-end.

2008: The disbursement was recorded in the books on 12/31, but it was not disbursed until 1/5, meaning the cash balance was understated at year-end.

2009: The disbursement was recorded in the books on 1/1, and it was also disbursed on 1/1, meaning the cash balance was properly stated at year-end.

4005: The disbursement was recorded in the books on 12/31, and it was also disbursed on 12/31, meaning the cash balance was properly stated at year-end.

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When approaching Mike about a sponsorship, it's best to use the second approach and tell him that in exchange for the sponsorship, the insurance company will get the company name on the game jerseys and in the program.

This approach highlights the benefits of the sponsorship for the insurance company, making it more likely that they will be interested in supporting the team.

It also shows that you have thought about how to promote their brand in a meaningful way.

Asking Mike for his help in asking the insurance company's owner if a team sponsorship is possible may be a good follow-up step, but it's important to first present a strong proposal that emphasizes the value of the sponsorship for the company.

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The mutual fund service that is similar in concept to compounding and the time value of money is dollar cost averaging.

Dollar cost averaging is a mutual fund service that involves regularly investing a fixed amount of money into a fund at predetermined intervals, regardless of the fund's price.

This strategy allows investors to buy more shares when prices are low and fewer shares when prices are high. Over time, this consistent investment approach takes advantage of the fluctuations in the fund's price, similar to how compounding and the time value of money work.

By investing regularly, investors can potentially benefit from the average cost per share decreasing over time and potentially generating higher returns. The other options mentioned (automatic reinvestment, funds express options, and internet switching) are different mutual fund services and do not directly relate to the concept of compounding and the time value of money.

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