Explain the Shewhart model and its advantage and/or disadvantage (applicability to modern software quality assurance)

The given statement " FTP encrypts usernames and passwords before sending them across the Internet. " is false because FTP does not encrypt usernames and passwords before sending them across the Internet.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) transmits this information in plain text, which means that it is susceptible to interception and unauthorized access by malicious individuals. This lack of encryption poses a significant security risk, as sensitive login credentials can be easily intercepted and exploited.

As a result, FTP is considered to be an insecure protocol for transferring sensitive data. It is recommended to use more secure alternatives such as FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS) or SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) that provide encryption and ensure the confidentiality of usernames, passwords, and other data transmitted during the file transfer process.

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When creating a multi-color print, aligning the blocks or plates to ensure that the colors will appear in the correct location is called registration.

Explanation:

Registration is an important process in printmaking where multiple colors are used to create a single image. In this process, separate printing plates or blocks are made for each color used in the design. These plates or blocks need to be precisely aligned with each other during the printing process to ensure that the colors are printed in the correct location relative to each other, and that the final print appears as intended.

If the registration is not precise, the printed image will appear blurry or misaligned, and the colors may not match up as intended. This can result in a low-quality final print that is not suitable for sale or display.

To ensure accurate registration, printers use a variety of tools and techniques, such as registration marks, printing jigs, and careful measurements, to align the plates or blocks precisely. The process of registration can be time-consuming and requires a high degree of skill and attention to detail, but it is essential for creating high-quality prints with multiple colors.

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The term "indexing" refers to the logical structuring of records as determined by the way in which they are accessed.

Indexing involves the creation of a data structure that maps the values of one or more columns in a database table to their physical locations on disk. This allows for faster search and retrieval of specific records within the database. An index can be created on one or more columns in a table, and the index structure itself can be stored on disk, in memory, or both. Indexes can be created on different types of data, such as integers, strings, dates, and more. They can also be created using different algorithms and data structures, depending on the specific requirements of the database and the queries that will be executed against it.

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The body of instruction messages should use the imperative mood, which is a command form of a verb. This helps to convey a sense of urgency and clarity to the reader. The sentence that uses the imperative mood is "Call the hotel to confirm the reservations."

The body of instruction messages should use the imperative mood. Among the given sentences, the one that uses the imperative mood is: "Call the hotel to confirm the reservations." This sentence directly instructs the person to perform an action, which is a characteristic of the imperative mood.  

Therefore, the body of instruction messages should use the imperative mood, which is a command form of a verb. This helps to convey a sense of urgency and clarity to the reader. The sentence that uses the imperative mood is "Call the hotel to confirm the reservations."

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Promiscuous mode is a feature in network adapters that allows them to capture and analyze all network traffic that passes through the network. In this mode, the adapter is able to capture packets that are not intended for the machine it is installed on.

To take advantage of network monitoring and analyzing tools, the network adapter installed in the machine running the software must support "promiscuous" mode. .

Network monitoring and analyzing tools use promiscuous mode to capture and analyze network traffic. These tools are designed to provide network administrators with insights into the behavior of the network and identify any potential issues that may impact its performance. By analyzing the network traffic, these tools can help administrators identify sources of network congestion, detect security threats, and troubleshoot network issues.

However, not all network adapters support promiscuous mode. This means that some network monitoring and analyzing tools may not work as intended if the adapter installed on the machine does not support this mode. Therefore, it is important for network administrators to ensure that the network adapter they are using supports promiscuous mode before using any network monitoring and analyzing tools.

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Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) is a Cisco technology that is commonly used in hub-and-spoke WAN topology. In this type of topology, a central hub connects multiple remote spokes.

DMVPN allows for the creation of secure VPN connections between the hub and the spokes without the need for individual point-to-point connections between each spoke. DMVPN uses a combination of tunneling protocols and routing protocols to provide a scalable and flexible solution for connecting multiple remote locations. The hub router acts as the central point for all traffic and maintains a database of all the spoke routers. This allows for dynamic creation and deletion of VPN connections as new spokes are added or existing ones are removed.

One of the key benefits of DMVPN is its ability to reduce the complexity of managing VPN connections in a hub-and-spoke topology. With DMVPN, administrators do not need to manually configure each connection between the hub and spokes, which can be time-consuming and error-prone. Instead, DMVPN automates the process and allows for the creation of a single virtual network that connects all remote locations. Overall, DMVPN is a powerful technology that is ideal for hub-and-spoke WAN topologies that require secure and scalable connectivity between multiple remote locations. Its ability to automate the creation of VPN connections and simplify management makes it a popular choice among network administrators.

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Answer:

you should use non-repudiation to prevent John from denying he sent the emails.

Hand coding and using computer software are two approaches to qualitative data analysis, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Hand coding involves analyzing data manually, typically through reading and rereading the data to identify themes, patterns, and categories. One of the primary advantages of hand coding is that it allows for a deep understanding of the data, as the researcher is actively engaging with and thinking about the data. This can lead to more nuanced and rich analysis, as the researcher may identify unexpected patterns or insights. Hand coding can also be useful for smaller datasets or in cases where the research question is not yet fully formed, as it allows for flexibility and exploration.

However, hand coding can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially for larger datasets. It can also be subject to biases and errors, as human coders may interpret data differently or miss important patterns. Hand coding also lacks the consistency and reliability of computer software, which can automate the coding process and reduce errors.

Using computer software, such as NVivo or Atlas.ti, can save time and increase consistency in coding, as the software can quickly sort and code large amounts of data. It can also provide visualizations and quantitative analyses, such as word frequency counts or co-occurrence matrices. However, using software can be expensive and requires a certain level of technical expertise. It can also be limiting, as software may not be able to capture the full complexity of the data or may not be customizable to fit the specific research question.

Ultimately, the choice between hand coding and using computer software depends on the research question, dataset size, and available resources. Researchers may choose to use a combination of both methods, such as hand coding a subset of the data for deeper analysis and using software for the remainder of the data.

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Any of the file input or output methods in a Java program might throw an exception, so all the relevant code in the class is placed in a "try" block. This allows you to catch and handle any exceptions that might occur during the execution of the code.

The relevant code in a Java class that may throw an exception is placed in a try block. The try block is followed by one or more catch blocks to handle any exceptions that might be thrown. The try block is used to enclose the code that may cause an exception, and the catch block is used to specify what should happen if an exception is thrown. If an exception is thrown, the program will exit the try block and enter the appropriate catch block to handle the exception. This allows the program to gracefully handle exceptions and prevent it from crashing or behaving unpredictably.

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Systems analysts play a key role in moving development projects through the SDLC or scrum development process. They are responsible for analyzing, designing, and implementing software solutions that meet the needs of the business. They work closely with the development team to ensure that the software is designed to meet the requirements of the project, as well as ensure that it is scalable and maintainable.

In the SDLC process, systems analysts typically work closely with the business analysts to identify project requirements and design software solutions that meet those requirements. They also work with the testing team to ensure that the software is tested thoroughly and that any issues are resolved before the software is released.

In the scrum development process, systems analysts work closely with the product owner to define user stories and ensure that they are delivered according to the sprint schedule. They also work with the development team to ensure that the software is designed and implemented in a way that meets the needs of the end-users. Overall, systems analysts play a critical role in ensuring that software projects are delivered on-time, within budget, and meet the needs of the business.

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One of the leading causes of damage to sensitive circuitry is electrostatic discharge (ESD).

This occurs when there is a sudden flow of electricity between two objects with different electrical charges, such as a person and an electronic device. ESD can cause permanent damage to electronic components, leading to malfunction or failure of the device. It is important to take proper precautions to prevent ESD, such as wearing an anti-static wrist strap and avoiding touching electronic components with bare hands.
One of the leading causes of damage to sensitive circuitry is electrostatic discharge (ESD).

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Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed a set of protocols that implemented an open architecture philosophy better than NCP. This protocol suite is referred to by the acronym TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).

Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite in the 1970s, which has since become the foundation of the internet.

TCP/IP is a set of communication protocols that governs how data is transmitted between devices over the internet.

The protocol suite is designed to be open and flexible, allowing for easy integration of new technologies and protocols.

The TCP/IP protocol suite consists of two main protocols:

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP).
The IP protocol governs how data packets are sent from one device to another, while the TCP protocol ensures that the data is transmitted reliably and in the correct order.

Together, these two protocols enable data to be transmitted over long distances and between different types of devices.

One of the key advantages of TCP/IP over its predecessor, the Network Control Program (NCP), was its ability to support multiple networks and protocols.

TCP/IP was designed to be open and flexible, allowing for easy integration of new technologies and protocols.

This made it possible for the internet to expand and evolve over time, as new technologies and protocols were developed.

TCP/IP remains the most widely used protocol suite on the internet.

It is used by billions of devices worldwide to communicate with one another, and it continues to evolve and adapt to new technologies and requirements.

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Set up the wireless network in a DMZ with firewall rules to block access to the internal network resources.

To set up an unsecured wireless network for customers while preventing access to the office's internal network resources, the network should be configured in a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) with appropriate firewall rules.

This would isolate the wireless network from the internal network, preventing unauthorized access.

The firewall rules can be configured to allow internet access for the customers but block any attempts to access internal resources.

The DMZ can also be configured to allow specific ports and services necessary for internet access while blocking any ports and services used for internal network communication.

This approach provides a layer of security for the office's internal resources while still allowing customers to access the internet.

However, it's important to note that an unsecured wireless network can still pose some security risks, and proper precautions such as regular network monitoring and updating should be taken to ensure security.

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The parameter named "i" in the decodeResource method of the BitmapFactory class represents the ID of a resource.

Specifically, it is an integer identifier that is assigned to each resource in the Android project, allowing the resource to be uniquely identified and accessed at runtime. This ID is typically generated automatically by the Android build process when resources are compiled, and it is used throughout the Android framework to load resources dynamically.

When passed to the decodeResource method of the BitmapFactory class, this ID is used to retrieve a Bitmap object representing the specified image resource, which can then be displayed in an ImageView or used in other ways within the Android application.

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To enable security guards to observe intruders at a considerable distance beyond the perimeter, high-intensity and long-range lighting should be selected.

This type of lighting is typically achieved through the use of high-powered floodlights or spotlights, which can illuminate large areas with a bright and focused beam of light. Additionally, infrared lighting can be used in situations where covert observation is necessary. This type of lighting is not visible to the naed eye, but can be detected by special cameras or equipment used by security personnel. It is important to note that lighting should be strategically placed and positioned in order to minimize shadows and blind spots, and to provide optimal coverage of the perimeter. A thorough assessment of the site and its surroundings should be conducted to determine the most effective lighting solution for the specific security needs.

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The term that fills in the blank is "DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)" attack. A DDoS attack overwhelms a network server with a flood of traffic, which overflows the tables used to manage the TCP connections. As a result, the server becomes unable to respond to legitimate connection requests.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a type of cyberattack in which multiple systems or devices are used to flood a targeted website or network with traffic, rendering it inaccessible to legitimate users. In a DDoS attack, the attacker typically uses a network of compromised devices, known as a botnet, to generate a massive volume of traffic and overwhelm the target server or network.

DDoS attacks can be launched for various reasons, including extortion, revenge, or simply to disrupt business operations. They can have severe consequences for targeted organizations, resulting in financial losses, reputation damage, and customer loss.

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The three primary types of data that a forensic investigator must collect, in this order, are: 1. Volatile data, 2. Temporary data, 3. Persistent data.

When conducting a forensic investigation, it is crucial to collect various types of data to gather evidence and analyze the incident.

By following this order of data collection, investigators can ensure that they capture the most volatile and time-sensitive information before moving on to more persistent data sources.

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To compute the remainder of the variable principal when divided by the variable divisor, you can use the modulus operator (%). The expression would be:

remainder = principal % divisor
This will return the remainder of principal divided by divisor, and it will be of type int. If the remainder is 0, it means that principal is evenly divisible by divisor. Keep in mind that if divisor is 0, you will get a runtime error, so make sure to handle that case appropriately in your code. The % operator, also known as the modulus operator, is a mathematical operator commonly used in programming to compute the remainder of an integer division. The operator takes two operands: the dividend and the divisor, and returns the remainder after dividing the dividend by the divisor.

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IEEE floating point representation of the following decimal numbers. a. 3.75 : The sign bit is 0 because 3.75 is positive.

First, convert 3.75 to binary form:

3 = 11 (binary)

0.75 = 0.11 (binary)

Combine the two binary numbers with a radix point:

11.11

The mantissa is 1.111 (without the leading 1).

The exponent is 1 + 127 = 128 (in binary 10000000).

The sign bit is 0 because 3.75 is positive.

Therefore, the IEEE floating point representation of 3.75 is:

0 10000000 11100000000000000000000

b. 55 2364:

First, convert 55 2364 to binary form:

55 = 110111 (binary)

0.2364 = 0.00111101001001111001111 (binary)

Combine the two binary numbers with a radix point:

110111.00111101001001111001111

Normalize the number so that the leftmost bit is 1 and adjust the exponent accordingly:

1.1011100111101001001111001111 x 2^15

The mantissa is 1011100111101001001111001111 (without the leading 1).

The exponent is 15 + 127 = 142 (in binary 10001110).

The sign bit is 0 because 55 2364 is positive.

Therefore, the IEEE floating point representation of 55 2364 is:

0 10001110 10111001111010010011110011110011101001111001111010

c. 3.1415927:

First, convert 3.1415927 to binary form:

3 = 11 (binary)

0.1415927 x 2 = 0.2831854 -> 0 (integer part)

0.2831854 x 2 = 0.5663708 -> 0 (integer part)

0.5663708 x 2 = 1.1327416 -> 1 (integer part)

0.1327416 x 2 = 0.2654832 -> 0 (integer part)

0.2654832 x 2 = 0.5309664 -> 0 (integer part)

0.5309664 x 2 = 1.0619328 -> 1 (integer part)

0.0619328 x 2 = 0.1238656 -> 0 (integer part)

0.1238656 x 2 = 0.2477312 -> 0 (integer part)

0.2477312 x 2 = 0.4954624 -> 0 (integer part)

0.4954624 x 2 = 0.9909248 -> 0 (integer part)

0.9909248 x 2 = 1.9818496 -> 1 (integer part)

0.9818496 x 2 = 1.9636992 -> 1 (integer part)

0.9636992 x 2 = 1.9273984 -> 1 (integer part)

0.9273984 x 2 = 1.8547968 -> 1 (integer part)

0.8547968 x 2 = 1.7095936 -> 1 (integer part)

0.7095936 x 2 = 1.4191872 -> 1 (integer part)

0.4191872 x 2 = 0.8383744 -> 0 (integer part)

0.8383744 x 2 = 1.6767488 -> 1 (integer part)

0.6767488 x 2 = 1.3534976

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True. Instance attributes are specific to an object instance and can only be accessed using the dot notation and reference to the specific instance. They cannot be accessed directly through the class itself.

In object-oriented programming, an instance attribute is a variable that is unique to an instance of a class. When an object is created from a class, each instance of the class can have its own set of instance attributes with their own unique values.

Instance attributes are defined in the constructor method of a class, also known as the init method. This method is called when an object is created and is responsible for initializing the object's attributes.

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To create the required files, follow these steps:A. Using a text editor (e.g. Notepad), create a new file and enter five lines of text. Save the file as "Personal_Content.txt" in the "NEW" directory.

Open a command prompt (Windows) or terminal (Mac/Linux) and enter the following command: "df -h > NEW/Free_Space_Content.txt". This will create a text file named "Free_Space_Content.txt" in the "NEW" directory, listing the quantity of free space on your operating system. In the command prompt or terminal, navigate to your workspace directory (e.g. "cd ~/workspace/") and enter the following command: "ls -l > NEW/Directory_Content.txt". This will create a text file named "Directory_Content.txt" in the "NEW" directory, listing the contents of your workspace directory and showing all file permissions.

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The four general techniques that firewalls use to control access and enforce the site's security policy are: service control, direction control, user control, and behavior control.

Firewalls are an important tool in protecting computer networks from unauthorized access and malicious attacks. They work by monitoring and controlling the flow of network traffic between the internal network and the outside world, allowing only authorized traffic to pass through and blocking all other traffic.
Firewalls typically use four general techniques to control access and enforce the site's security policy: service control, direction control, user control, and behavior control. Service control refers to the ability of the firewall to control access to specific network services, such as email, web browsing, or file sharing. Direction control refers to the ability of the firewall to control the direction of network traffic, such as inbound or outbound traffic.

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To implement this function, you can start by creating a recursive function that takes in the current node, the target value, and the current path.

To write a function path that returns the path from the root of the tree to the given entry value if it exists and [] if it does not, you will need to perform a depth-first search of the tree until you find the target value.

As you traverse the tree, keep track of the path you have taken so far. If you find the target value, return the path you have taken to get there. If you reach the end of the tree without finding the target value, return an empty list.

If the current node is None, return an empty list. If the current node's value is the target value, return the current path. If the target value is not found, call the function recursively on the current node's children, passing in the updated path.

Finally, call this function on the root node with an empty path to begin the search.

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A web-based presentation or program that is broadcast over the Internet to a live audience but is not interactive in nature is a "webcast".

A webcast is a media presentation that is distributed over the internet, using streaming media technology, to an audience that is located at remote sites. It can be a one-way broadcast or a combination of live video and audio, synchronized slides, or other multimedia content. A webcast is typically used for events like product launches, investor meetings, conference presentations, and keynote speeches.

Webcasts can be live or recorded and played back on-demand. They can be viewed on a variety of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. The content of a webcast can be delivered in various formats such as audio, video, text, graphics, or a combination of these.

Webcasts offer several benefits over traditional in-person events. They are cost-effective, as they eliminate travel and venue expenses. They also allow participants to attend from anywhere in the world, making it easier for organizers to reach a broader audience. Additionally, webcasts provide a convenient and flexible way to access information, as participants can view the content on their own schedule.

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The organization that Brian has recently joined is using a hybrid cloud environment, which use of both public and private cloud resources.

This type of cloud environment involves the use of both public and private cloud resources, allowing organizations to take advantage of the benefits of each. In this case, the organization runs the majority of its services on a virtualization platform located in its own data center, which would be considered a private cloud. However, the organization also leverages an IaaS provider for hosting its web services, which would be considered a public cloud. Additionally, the organization uses a SaaS email system, which would also be considered a public cloud service. By using both private and public cloud resources, the organization can benefit from the scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness of the cloud while maintaining control over its sensitive data and applications. This type of environment can provide organizations with a level of agility that is difficult to achieve with traditional on-premises IT infrastructure. A web service, in this case, refers to a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network, while a cloud environment refers to the combination of private and public cloud resources used by the organization.

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An advantage of using digital media at work is that it enables routine messages to be delivered with speed. This means that messages can be sent and received quickly, which can be beneficial for business operations.

Digital media, such as email and instant messaging, allows for instantaneous communication. This can save time and improve efficiency in the workplace, as routine messages and updates can be sent and received quickly without the need for face-to-face interaction.

However, it is important to note that digital media may not be effective for solving complex problems or interpreting subtle nonverbal cues conveyed by a sender. In addition, it may not engender as much trust among users as face-to-face communication does. Furthermore, safeguarding sensitive or private information may also be a concern when using digital media.

In conclusion, while digital media has its advantages, it is important to consider the potential limitations and drawbacks when using it in the workplace.

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The standard coupling size for attack lines is typically 1 ½ inches, while the gallonage range can vary depending on the specific needs of the situation. However, a common range is between 95 and 125 gallons per minute.

It is important to note that the amount of water delivered must be balanced with the need for maneuverability, as content loaded attack lines must be able to navigate through tight spaces and corners.

Other coupling sizes for attack lines can include 2.5 inches (63mm) and 3 inches (76mm), which are used for larger fires or specialized applications. Additionally, some firefighting agencies may use metric-sized hose couplings, such as 40mm or 45mm, which are equivalent to 1.5 inches and 1.75 inches, respectively.

It is important for firefighters to be familiar with the coupling sizes used by their department and to be trained in the proper deployment and use of attack lines for effective firefighting operations.

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With IPv6-over-IPv4, when the IPv4 header is created, the protocol field value is set to 41 to indicate that it is an encapsulated IPv6 packet.

This value is used by the receiving device to identify that the packet is carrying an IPv6 payload and needs to be processed accordingly. IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling is a technique used to allow IPv6 traffic to traverse an IPv4 network by encapsulating the IPv6 packets within IPv4 packets. This enables the deployment of IPv6 without the need for a complete overhaul of the existing IPv4 infrastructure. Overall, the protocol field value of 41 plays a critical role in the proper handling and processing of encapsulated IPv6 packets.

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Note that the:

1. SQRT function returns the square root of a given number. while

2. NOW function returns the current date.

In most programming languages, the SQRT function returns the square root of a specified integer.

This is the same for the NOW function. The entering the NOW function will automoaticallyt rigger the system to generate the current data and in some cases time.

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Full Question

Which functions can you use to find the square root of a number, and to find the current date, respectively?

1. ____ function returns the square root of a given number.

2. ____ function returns the current date.

1)

A. SQRT

B. ROUND

C. #VALUE

2)

A. NOW

B. MIN

C. TODAY

Note that the 2-3-4 tree is a type of self-balancing tree, similar to the AVL tree, node can have up to three data elements and up to four child nodes. The elements and nodes allow for more flexibility in balancing the tree, leading to a more efficient data structure in some cases.

A) The resulting AVL tree after inserting the values 50, 70, 90, 72, 80, 100 is:

```
     70
    /  \
  50    80
        /  \
      72    90
            \
            100
```

B) The resulting 2-3 tree after inserting the values 50, 70, 90, 72, 80, 100 is:

```
      [70, 80]
      /  |   \
   [50] [72] [90, 100]
```

C) The resulting 2-3-4 tree after inserting the values 50, 70, 90, 72, 80, 100 is:

```
     [70, 80]
     /  |   \
  [50] [72] [90, 100]
```

Now, adding 71, 85, and 73 to the existing trees:

A) The resulting AVL tree is:

```
       72
     /    \
   70      80
  /  \    /  \
50  71  73   90
                \
               100
              /
            85
```

B) The resulting 2-3 tree is:

```
          [72]
        /     \
    [70]       [80, 90]
   /   \      /  |  \
[50] [71] [73] [85] [100]
```

C) The resulting 2-3-4 tree is:

```
       [72]
      /   \
    [70]  [80, 90]
   /  |   /  |   \
[50] [71] [73] [85] [100]
```

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